DE141001C - - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

The present invention relates to a method of accelerating ice formation and is significant increased production of natural ice in ponds, smaller lakes and other water reservoirs.

The formation of ice on the surface of such reservoirs is based, as is known, on the fact that the water changes ^{into solid form at 0 °} C. and that it has the greatest impermeability at a temperature of about 4 ^° C., from which it follows, as is well known, that what is formed Ice floats on the water.

But this again follows that the ice formation itself has an inhibiting effect on the thickening of the ice cover. The ice that has just formed prevents further cooling of the underlying water layers to a high degree, both because it is itself a poor conductor of heat and because it prevents evaporation from the surface of the water. This ultimately stops the water from circulating Whenever the temperature of the same is above 40 ^° C. and the temperature of the adjacent air is lower, it contributes to the cooling, in that the warmer water rises to the surface, only to sink down again in a cooled state, and new quantities of warmer water To make room.

In order to achieve the fastest possible ice formation, it is obvious that a better one Heat conductors than the ice to promote the cooling of the underlying water layers use.

If you z. B. a copper rod, which has the temperature of the air, and the latter is below o °, e.g. B. - 10 ° C, thinks reaching under the ice, then the water turns the rod to be cooled around, climb up and thus to the growth of the overlying Contribute ice.

In this way an artificial circulation of the water is brought about and the cooling of the same promoted. These facts are common to the present invention underlie.

According to this, the largest possible contact surface between the water to be cooled on the one hand and a good heat conductor (a metal), which has the temperature of the air, on the other hand is created at a suitable depth under the water surface. This can be done in such a way that a single or a whole system of metal pipes or other cavities formed from metal are lowered into the water, which pipes or the like that of the freezing point, air is circulated through the tubes or the tube system. As a result, the water along the outer surface of the tubes is greatly cooled and as a result rises and settles close under the ice, displacing water at another higher temperature, etc., as long as the temperature of the tube walls is lower than that of the surrounding water. In other words, the bulk of the amount of heat W ^T, otherwise you might just slowly release through the ice, the ater to freeze is now

Claims (6)

the bottom of the ice is quickly released into the air through the tube system. When the air temperature is higher than 00C. the pipe system is shut off. It is easy to see that in this way one is able to take advantage of short-lived cold spells. It is also clear that an increased production capacity of the ponds also leads to a corresponding reduction in the costs of ice cleaning, since these costs, which depend only on the surface area of the pond, remain the same for the larger production as for the smaller ones. An example may show the effect of such a cooling system: Assume a pond with a surface area of 20,000 square meters is to be covered with a 40 cm thick sheet of ice. If this ice is to be formed exclusively by the ice cover itself by cooling, it is clear that the rapidity of its growth will decrease rapidly as the ice cover increases. The thicker the ice becomes, the slower it grows. If a pipe system with 10 square meters of outer surface, consisting of iron pipes with a wall thickness of 2 mm, is installed in this pond, the cooling effect of this pipe system corresponds to when it is flowed through by frost air (assuming that the iron heats 60 times as good as ice conducts) an area of 60 · 10 = 600 square meters of ice of the same thickness (2 mm). But if you compare this effect with that of the ice layer of 40 cm thickness, you get an area of 600 · 200 = 120,000 square meters. If you take half of this last number as the average value (taking into account the creation of a layer of ice up to 40 cm thick) of the cooling provided by the cooling system in the area of the water surface, you get 60,000 square meters, i.e. the production capacity of the pond has increased quadrupled. If copper tubes with the same surface and wall thickness had been used instead of iron tubes, an effect that would have been 6 times greater would have been achieved. The drawing shows an embodiment of the device used to carry out the method. A tube bundle α (Fig. 1) is connected to a lower collecting tube b with a tube c reaching over the ice surface, which is closed at the upper end with a rotatable vestibule tube d with a wind vane; through this tube, cold air is blown down into the tube bundle α, while the warm air escapes through the tube f, which emerges from the upper collecting tube e of the tube bundle. It is expedient to connect the tube bundle to a container g in which any leaking water and other moisture can collect. Furthermore, it is expedient to mount a snow catcher h on the pipe c, which can be set up as illustrated in FIG. 2. In the event that cold should occur in calm weather, a kerosene lamp (see Fig. 3), which produces the necessary draft, can be installed in an extension k of the tube f. Incidentally, even when there is no wind, a natural draft will form due to the temperature difference between the two pipes. As mentioned, the heat sink can be of any suitable shape; in order to obtain the thinnest possible walls, the same can expediently be designed as a large sheet metal box with vertically continuous tubes (see Fig. 4). If such heat sinks are placed close to the surface of the ice, they can easily freeze into the ice; this can be prevented by providing the heat sink with conical elevations on the upper side, which form the contact surfaces against the ice. The inflow and outflow pipes are provided with flaps or the like so that they can be shut off in the event of a thaw. In order to prevent the cold water, which is closest to the ice, from flowing off in reservoirs in which there is a current, a retaining wall (Fig. 5) is installed in front of the outlet Leaves opening at the bottom free. The retaining wall is led up to the dam on both sides and thus ensures that only the warmer ground water comes to the outlet. Patent-A ν Proverbs: 1. Process for accelerating ice formation in ice-covered water reservoirs, characterized in that by passing frost air through under The heat sink attached to the ice sheet provides artificial cooling and circulation causes upper layers of water. 2. Embodiment of the method according to claim 1, characterized in that one in reservoirs in which there is a flow, a retaining wall or the like. In front of the outlet opening in the way orders that only water from the lower water layers can flow out. 3. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1 BEZW. 2, marked characterized by the arrangement of two pipes (cf) connected to the upper and lower parts of a heat sink, which on their upper end have rotatable vestibules equipped with wind vanes. Suction caps are provided to cause the air to flow through the heat sink. 4. Embodiment of the device according to claim 3, characterized by the arrangement of a heating device in the exhaust pipe (f) to increase the draft in calm weather, 5. embodiment of the device according to claim 3 BEzw. 4, characterized by the arrangement of a snow catcher box (h) in the inflow pipe (c). 6. Embodiment of the device according to claim 3 to 5, characterized by the arrangement of a collecting container (g) for leaking water or the like. Below the heat sink. 1 sheet of drawings. Berlin, printed in the Reichsdruckerei.