EP0450030B1 - Elektroakustische einheit zur erregung von hochintensitätsschall und -ultraschall in gasen und zwischenphasen - Google Patents

Elektroakustische einheit zur erregung von hochintensitätsschall und -ultraschall in gasen und zwischenphasen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0450030B1
EP0450030B1 EP19900915472 EP90915472A EP0450030B1 EP 0450030 B1 EP0450030 B1 EP 0450030B1 EP 19900915472 EP19900915472 EP 19900915472 EP 90915472 A EP90915472 A EP 90915472A EP 0450030 B1 EP0450030 B1 EP 0450030B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit according
electroacoustic unit
load
electroacoustic
power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19900915472
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0450030A1 (de
Inventor
Juan Antonio Gallego Juarez
Germán RODRIGUEZ CORRAL
José Luis SAN EMETERIO PRIETO
Fausto Instituto De Teledeteccion Montoya Vitini
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
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Priority claimed from ES8903371A external-priority patent/ES2017285A6/es
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Publication of EP0450030A1 publication Critical patent/EP0450030A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
    • B06B1/0223—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time
    • B06B1/0238—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave
    • B06B1/0246—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave with a feedback signal
    • B06B1/0253—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave with a feedback signal taken directly from the generator circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B3/04—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency involving focusing or reflecting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K13/00—Cones, diaphragms, or the like, for emitting or receiving sound in general

Definitions

  • the object of this patent application is an electroacoustic unit for efficient generating of high acoustic intensities in gas media and in interphases (gas-solid, gas-liquid.)
  • Generating high intensity ultrasonic sonic waves in gases involves outstanding difficulties that are basically connected to the low acoustic impedance of the medium (product of the intensity by the propagation velocity) and the high absorption of the same. Therefore, in order to obtain efficient transmitting of acoustic energy a good coupling between the transmitting system and the gas is necessary. Besides, in order to reach high intensities high vibration amplitudes are required and the acoustic beam must be very directional or focalized.
  • sonic and ultrasonic generators for use in gases.
  • aerodynamic systems such as whistles and sirens, in which the energy is supplied by a stream of gas.
  • the acoustic powers reached with these systems may be high, however, the yields that are obtained are generally low.
  • Acoustic signals transmitted are complex and have difficulties in reaching ultrasonic frequencies.
  • aerodynamic systems have the disadvantage that, along with acoustic radiation, a large amount of gas coming from the transmitter is propagated.
  • the present invention refers to an electroacoustic unit that consists of a transducer system and an electronic feed device.
  • the radiating element is a flexional type, but it has a structure having a discontinuous profile.
  • the vibration amplitude and the radiation phase are modified in such a way that all the vibrating areas directly contribute to the construction of the acoustic field with a configuration that may be predetermined.
  • the same radiatingelement it is possible to obtain two different configurations of the acoustic field, in correspondence with the different profile of each one of the surfaces of the same.
  • FIG. 1 shows the directivity diagram of the transducer radiating at its directional surface
  • Figure 2 shows the axial and transversal distribution (in the focus) of the acoustic field transmitted by the focalizing surface.
  • P represents the acoustic pressure amplitude and D the distance in centimeters.
  • Figure 3 shows a transducer System according to the invention
  • Figure 4 shows a general block diagram of an electronic generator according to the invention, which includes the transformation, power amplification, generation, automatic frequency control and power control steps.
  • the transducer system ( Figure 3) consists essentially of a transducer element (1) that can be piezoelectric or magnetostrictive, a mechanical vibration amplifier (2), which may be exponential, stepped, conical or catenoid, and a radiator which is a plate having a discontinuous profile on the two surfaces (3) thereof.
  • the longitudinal vibration generated by the transducer element and amplified by the mechanical amplifier serves to excite the radiating element in one of its flexional modes.
  • obtaining directional fields is achieved by displacing alternatively internodal crowns by a half radiation wave length in the medium, for the purpose of putting the entire beam in phase.
  • focalized fields are obtained by displacing the internodal crowns in such a way that the distance from the center of said areas to the focal point is such that the radiation arrives in phase said point situated in the field close to the radiator. It is obvious that by varying the length of displacement of the internodal crowns adequately practically any distribution of the acoustic field that is desired can be achieved.
  • radiators with a double discontinuous profile aside from the usefulness that is represented by having two configurations of the acoustic field, favors in general lines a more homogeneous distribution of the vibration amplitudes, in comparison with a flat radiator, as a result of the mass distribution. This results in a greater power capacity of the transducer systems which, in the structure that is presented here, is produced by the maximum vibration amplitude which the radiator can develop without breaking.
  • the radiators that are presented here must be made out of metals or metal alloys which, like the ones of titanium, have good vibratory features and high mechanical resistance.
  • the three basic parts that form it have to be well tuned to the work frequency.
  • the system turns out to be highly resonant and, given that the conditions of the medium or by heating the frequency can vary with time, an electronic excitation device with very specific requirements is necessary.
  • the generating system aside from producing in each instant a signal whose frequency is situated within a very narrow band (corresponding to the resonance margin of the transmitter used), is capable of automatically correcting the value of said frequency by adapting it to the slipping produced in the resonance band of the transmitter, as the reactive mechanical load associated to the latter varies for different conditions of the radiated medium and of the transmitter device itself.
  • the presently used systems for excitation of this type of transducer are based on analogic type oscillator assemblies, formed by a power amplifier refed by the ultrasonic transducer itself by means of a tuned bridge circuit, a phase shifter, a limiter and a band pass filter.
  • This type of system has a rather critical performance above all in the initial instants of transmission, also requiring the use of components having a very high precision, as well as including several adjustment points, that have to be adjusted individually for each different ultrasonic transmitter that is connected.
  • the generator object of the present patent application introduces a new process for following up the resonance frequency of the transmitter, which does not need the transducer to be introduced in the refeed (feedback) loop of the oscillating circuit.
  • the process is based on the fact that a sonic or ultrasonic transmitter of the piezoelectric type has a purely resistive electric impedance when it vibrates in the central point of its resonance band (assuming that there has been a compensation of the reactive component associated with the interelectrodic capacity of the transducer.)
  • a considerable reactive component rapidly appears.
  • only the voltage and intensity signals in the transducer will have a negative phase displacement at the resonance frequency.
  • the generator accomodates the frequency of the signal at the point in which said phase displacement is cancelled so that resonance is produced.
  • Sonic and ultrasonic transducers also have considerable resistance variations in terms of the temperature of the ceramics, which changes extensively during operation due to heating.
  • the described system also includes a circuit which measures the power delivered by the transducer to the load and which permits stabilization thereof.
  • the generating system consists of the following basic components:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Elektroakustische Einheit zum Erzeugen von Hochintensitätsschall und -ultraschall in Gasen und Zwischenphasen, bestehend aus einem elektromechanischen Übertragersystem und einer elektronischen Vorrichtung zur gesteuerten Erzeugung des elektrischen Leistungssignals, wobei die elektroakustische Einheit beinhaltet:
    ein Übertragersystem, welches aus drei Teilen besteht, einem Übertragerelement, einem Verstärker für mechanische Vibration und einem Radiator, der wie eine Platte geformt ist mit einem diskontinuierlichen Profil auf beiden Oberflächen, und
    dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß
    die drei Teile, die das Übertragersystem bilden, abgestimmt sind, bei der Betriebsfrequenz eine Resonanz zu haben; und
    der elektronische Generator aus einem Leistungsverstärker, einer phasenstarken Schaltung (PLL = Phase Locked Loop - Schaltung), einer Schaltung zum der an den Übertrager gelieferten Leistung und einer Schaltung zum Steuern der Leistung besteht.
  2. Elektroakustische Einheit nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Übertragerelement piezoelektrisch oder magnetostriktiv sein kann und eine Längsvibration verursacht.
  3. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei die Gestalt des mechanischen Verstärkers im wesentlichen exponentiell, gestuft, konisch oder katenoid ist, und die Vibration verstärkt, die durch das Übertragerelement erzeugt wird, zum Erregen des Radiators in einen seiner flexionalen Vibrationsmodi.
  4. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei das Radiatorelement aus einer Platte besteht, welche jegliche geometrische Gestalt (kreisförmig, rechteckig, quadratisch) haben kann und deren zwei Oberflächen ein diskontinuierliches Profil haben, welches erhalten wird durch Versetzen einiger Zwischenknotenbereiche in der Richtung senkrecht zur Mittelebene der Platte.
  5. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei die Anzahl und Position der Zwischenknotenbereiche, welche verschoben sind, sowie die Höhe oder Tiefe der Verschiebungen abhängt von der Konfiguration des akustischen Feldes, welches erwünscht ist.
  6. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei zwei akustische Felder erzeugt werden können mit einer verschiedenen Konfiguration mit einem einzelnen Radiator, in Übereinstimmung mit den zwei verschiedenen Profilen auf jeder der Radiatoroberflächen.
  7. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei das Erhalten der Richtungsfelder erzielt wird in dem Fall der kreisförmigen Radiatoren durch Vibrieren in einem der axial-symmetrischen Modi davon, alternierend verschiebend die Zwischenknotenkronen um eine halbe Wellenlänge der Strahlung in dem Medium.
  8. Elektroakustische Einheit gemäß den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei das Erhalten der fokussierten Felder erzielt wird im Fall der kreisförmigen Radiatoren durch Vibrieren in einem der axial-symetrischen Modi davon, verschiebend die Zwischenknotenkronen in solch einer Art und Weise, daß der Abstand von dem Zentrum der Bereiche zum Brennpunkt so ist, daß die Strahlung in Phase ankommt an dem Punkt, der gelegen ist in dem Feld nahe des Radiators.
  9. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei die elektronische Erzeugungsvorichtung in jedem Augenblick ein Signal erzeugt, dessen Frequenz innerhalb des Resonanzbandes des Übertragersystems liegt, und automatisch den Wert der Frequenz korrigiert, um ihn an das Verrutschen anzupassen, das erzeugt werden kann in dem Resonanzband des Übertragers.
  10. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei der elektronische Generator einen Leistungsverstärker hat, in dem die Phasenverschiebung, die zwischen dem Eingabe- und Ausgabesignal eingeführt ist, Null ist.
  11. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei der elektronische Generator, einen Kanal umfaßt zum Nehmen des Abtastwertes des Laststromsignals, welcher gebildet ist durch einen Widerstand in Reihe mit der Last des Verstärkers, mit einem Wert der nicht wesentlich die Lastimpedanz modifiziert, wobei die Spannung an den Anschlüssen davon proportional ist zur Stromintensität in der Last.
  12. Elektroakustische Einheit gemäß den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei der elektronische Generator einen Abtastpunkt nimmt von der Ausgabespannung des Leistungsverstärkers mittels eines Spannungsteilers zum Steuern der Leistung.
  13. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei der elektronische Generator eine phasensstarre Schaltung (PLL-Schaltung) enthält mit einem spannungsgesteuerten Oszillator, einem Vier-Quadranten-Vervielfacher, agierend als ein Phasenkomparator, und einem Tiefpaßfilter.
  14. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei der spannungsgesteuerte Oszillator des elektronischen Generators zwei Ausgänge hat, einen zum Zuführen einer Rechteckwelle, welche in den Phasenkomperator eingespeist wird, und einen weiteren zum Zuführen einer Sinuswelle, welche in den Verstärker eingespeist wird, welche beide um pi/2 Radian außer Phase sind, wobei der andere Eingang des Phasenkomparators das Ausgabestromabtastsignal ist.
  15. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei die Schaltung des elektronischen Generators zum Messen der Leistung, welche an die Last geliefert wird, gebildet ist durch einen Vier-Quadrant-Vervielfacher, dessen Eingänge die Spannung und Stromabtastwerte sind, die genommen werden an dem Ausgang des Leistungsverstärkers, wobei das Produktsignal tiefpaßgefiltert ist zum Erhalten eines Signals proportional zur effektiven Leistung in der Last.
  16. Elektroakustische Einheit nach den obigen Ansprüchen,
    wobei die Schaltung des elektronischen Generators zum Steuern der Leistung, die geliefert wird an die Last, aus einem Komparator und einem Vier-Quadrant-Vervielfacher besteht, der als ein Abschwächer, gesteuert durch eine Spannung, agiert.
EP19900915472 1989-10-06 1990-10-03 Elektroakustische einheit zur erregung von hochintensitätsschall und -ultraschall in gasen und zwischenphasen Expired - Lifetime EP0450030B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES8903371 1989-10-06
ES8903371A ES2017285A6 (es) 1989-10-06 1989-10-06 Equipo electroacustico para la generacion de altas intensidades sonicas y ultrasonicas en gases e interfases.
PCT/ES1990/000033 WO1991005331A1 (es) 1989-10-06 1990-10-03 Equipo electroacustico para la generacion de altas intensidades sonicas y ultrasonicas en gases e interfases

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0450030A1 EP0450030A1 (de) 1991-10-09
EP0450030B1 true EP0450030B1 (de) 1994-07-27

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EP19900915472 Expired - Lifetime EP0450030B1 (de) 1989-10-06 1990-10-03 Elektroakustische einheit zur erregung von hochintensitätsschall und -ultraschall in gasen und zwischenphasen

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5769913A (en) * 1993-03-11 1998-06-23 Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas Multifrequency acoustic chamber for the agglomeration and separation of particles suspended in gaseous effluents
ES2067396B1 (es) * 1993-03-11 1997-11-01 Consejo Superior Investigacion Camara acustica multifrecuencia para la aglomeracion y separacion de particulas en suspension en efluentes gaseosos.
BE1009377A3 (fr) * 1995-05-09 1997-03-04 Consejo Superior Investigacion Procede et dispositif de deshydratation.
EP1914717B1 (de) * 2005-07-27 2021-01-27 Juan A. Gallego Juarez Makrosonic-generator für das industrielle entschäumen von flüssigkeiten auf luftbasis
CN101751916B (zh) * 2008-12-12 2012-12-19 清华大学 超声发声器

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