EP0449124B1 - Annular space heat exchanger - Google Patents

Annular space heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0449124B1
EP0449124B1 EP91104485A EP91104485A EP0449124B1 EP 0449124 B1 EP0449124 B1 EP 0449124B1 EP 91104485 A EP91104485 A EP 91104485A EP 91104485 A EP91104485 A EP 91104485A EP 0449124 B1 EP0449124 B1 EP 0449124B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
annular
heat exchanger
medium
annular chamber
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EP91104485A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0449124A1 (en
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Hubert Vogt
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DE19904010151 external-priority patent/DE4010151A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
    • F28F1/36—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/022—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of two or more media in heat-exchange relationship being helically coiled, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an annular gap heat exchanger, which consists of four concentrically arranged tubes, so that between the individual tubes there are annular gaps or annular chambers, of which the respective inner annular gap is flowed through by the heat transfer medium and the respective outer one by the heat-absorbing medium, the heat transfer medium Gas and the heat absorbing medium is a liquid medium.
  • annular gap heat exchangers with three concentrically one inside the other arranged tubes known which form an inner tube and two annular chambers adjoining it to the outside.
  • the gaseous heat transfer medium flows through the inner annular chamber, while the heat-absorbing medium, ie a liquid, for example water, flows through the outer annular chamber.
  • the inner tube is closed on both ends and contains no medium.
  • a disadvantage of this known annular gap heat exchanger is that due to the flow running along the tube axis, the heat transfer between the two annular chambers leaves something to be desired, because the heat-carrying medium only has a comparatively short residence time within its associated chamber (assuming normal flow velocity) and because during this Flow, which can be partially laminar, the wall contacts are not given to the extent necessary.
  • annular gap heat exchanger In order to take these deficiencies into account, an annular gap heat exchanger has already become known in which the inner annular chamber containing the heat-carrying medium has a very small cross-section in order to generate highly turbulent flows within this annular chamber and at the same time to increase the flow velocity, so that an intimate wall contact given is.
  • a disadvantage of this known annular gap heat exchanger is that the flow resistances in the inner annular chamber become very high, so that such a heat exchanger cannot be connected to any machine with different outlet pressures.
  • a heat exchanger which consists of four concentric tubes, a wire helix being provided in all annular chambers in order to force a helical flow.
  • the invention is accordingly based on the object of designing a heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the outset such that the heat transfer is as complete as possible with universal usability of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger should be able to be manufactured with the least possible manufacturing outlay.
  • Another advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is that the channel cross section of the inner annular chamber formed in this way can have normal dimensions, so that the heat exchanger according to the invention can be connected to any motors or the like.
  • the heat transfer from the heat-carrying medium in the inner annular chamber to the heat-absorbing medium in the outer annular chamber is further improved because the outer wall is acted upon more strongly by the heat-carrying medium than the inner one .
  • any other known heat exchanger which is known as a so-called tube bundle heat exchanger.
  • this heat exchanger several smaller cross sections (tube bundles) are arranged within a larger tube, wherein the tubes of the tube bundle can be flowed through by the heat-carrying medium; while the heat-absorbing medium flows around them on their outer surfaces.
  • the tubes of the tube bundle can also have the heat-absorbing medium flow through them and the heat-carrying medium can flow around them.
  • the flow around the tubes of the tube bundle with the heat-carrying or the heat-absorbing medium is brought about by baffles which protrude into the space of the larger tube containing the tube bundle and thus ensure a cross-flow of the tube bundle.
  • Such a heat exchanger is complex and expensive.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention is provided, at least in the central annular chamber, which serves to hold the heat-carrying medium, with helically arranged flow channels, which bring about a positive guidance for the heat-carrying medium.
  • These flow channels are expediently formed by sheets extending in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis, which can be made from annular sheet metal sections which are bent up and are welded to one another and to the outer surface of the tube in accordance with the length of the respective passage. In this way, a screw is created that serves to guide the heat-carrying medium, that is, the gas.
  • This screw can have a slight distance from the inner surface of the next outer tube so that the tubes can be easily inserted into one another.
  • the gap formed in this way between the outer edges of the sheets and the inner surface of the associated tube has practically no influence on the efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the cross sections of the helical or helical channels decrease from the gas inlet to the gas outlet in order to compensate for the increasing density due to the heat loss so that the outlet velocity remains constant.
  • the screw parts can be connected to the pipes by welding.
  • the helically arranged flow channels In order to achieve a higher throughput, it can be expedient to design the helically arranged flow channels to have multiple courses, preferably two courses.
  • annular gap heat exchanger 1 designed according to the invention, which consists of four tubes 2 to 5 arranged concentrically one inside the other, the inner tube 2 being closed on its end faces 6.
  • the pipes 2 to 5 enclose annular chambers 7 to 9, the heat-carrying medium, a gas, flowing through the middle annular chamber 8 and the heat-absorbing medium, a liquid, through the inner and outer annular chambers 7 and 9.
  • the heat-carrying medium flows into the annular chamber 8 in the direction of the arrow 10 and exits from it in the direction of the arrow 11.
  • the heat-absorbing medium flows through the inner annular chamber 7 and the outer annular chamber 9 in the direction of arrows 12 and 13 into the annular chambers and emerges from them in the direction of arrows 14 and 15.
  • the heat-carrying medium thus moves in the illustrated embodiment in countercurrent to the heat-absorbing medium. A movement of these media in direct current is possible.
  • the heat-carrying medium in the central annular chamber 8 is subjected to a helical (helical) flow around the inner tube 2 in the direction of the arrow 16.
  • the heat-absorbing media moving in the opposite direction in the direction of arrows 17 and 18 can optionally also be subjected to a helical movement around their inner tube 2 within their annular chambers 7 and 9.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 shows a perspective view of the heat exchanger 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and illustrates these relationships.
  • the gaseous heat-carrying medium is guided in the direction of the indicated flow line 19 (see also arrow 20) around the pipes 2 and 3, so that the heat exchanger effect on which the invention is based occurs.
  • This helical flow 19 runs in the annular chamber 8, while the annular chambers 7 and 9 are acted upon by the heat-absorbing medium, which - as explained - in turn can be subjected to a helical movement.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective illustration similar to FIG. 3 and illustrates the formation of helically arranged flow channels 21 which bring about a forced guidance of the heat-carrying medium.
  • These flow channels 21 are formed by plates 23 which extend in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis 22 and which represent lateral channel walls 24 (see FIG. 6) through which the heat-carrying medium is guided.
  • the sheets 23 can be produced from annular sheet metal sections which are bent up and welded to one another and to the outer surface of the tube 3 in accordance with the length of the respective aisle. In this way, a screw 25 is created which serves to guide the heat-carrying medium.
  • Fig. 5 is a section similar to Fig. 1 and illustrates the structure of the flow channels 21 in the event that a helical flow is provided for both the heat-carrying medium and the heat-absorbing medium.
  • helical channel walls 26 and 27 can also be provided in the two annular chambers 7 and 9, which enclose the middle annular chamber 8, which allow the helical movement of the heat-absorbing medium bring about.
  • the lines 28 lead the heat-absorbing medium into the heat exchanger, which exits again through the lines 29, while the line 30 supplies the heat-carrying medium to the heat exchanger, which exits again at 31.
  • the directions of movement according to arrows 10 to 15 correspond to those according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 and 7 show a constructive embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention in detail.
  • the supply and discharge lines for the heat-carrying medium on the one hand and the heat-absorbing medium on the other hand are provided with the same reference symbols as in FIG. 5. With 32 a vent connection is designated.
  • annular chambers 7 to 9 are provided with helical channel walls 24 and 26 and 27, which include screw-like or helical channels 21 or 33 and 34 between them.
  • the screw parts are connected to the associated pipe outer surfaces by weld seams 35.
  • the outer edges 25 of the screw parts 23 are at a slight distance 36 from the inner surface of the next outer tube, so that the tubes are easily inserted into one another can. This distance or gap 36 has no significant influence on the efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the cross sections of the helical or helical channels 21 in the central annular chamber 8 for the heat-carrying medium decrease from the gas inlet 30 to the gas outlet 31 in order to compensate for the increasing density due to the heat loss in such a way that the outlet velocity remains constant .
  • the cross sections of the flow channels in the two annular chambers 7 and 9 containing the heat-absorbing medium can - as shown - remain constant.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation and a partial section of a two-course design of the helical flow channels 21.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

An annular space heat exchanger, which consists of at least three tubes (2-5) arranged concentrically one inside another, so that there are produced between the individual tubes annular spaces or annular chambers (7-9), through the respectively inner one of which the heat carrier, and through the respectively outer one of which the heat-absorbing medium flows, the heat carrier being gas, and the heat-absorbing medium a liquid medium, is to be constructed such that as high an efficiency as possible is achieved in conjunction with universal usability of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, it is to be possible to produce the heat exchanger with as low as possible an outlay on manufacturing. According to the invention, it is provided for this purpose that the heat-carrying medium is subjected in the inner annular chamber to a helical flow which conducts the medium around the inner tube. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ringspaltwärmetauscher, der aus vier konzentrisch ineinander angeordneten Rohren besteht, so daß sich zwischen den einzelnen Rohren Ringspalte oder Ringkammern ergeben, von denen der jeweils innere Ringspalt von dem Wärmträger und der jeweils äußere von dem wärmeaufnehmenden Medium durchströmt sind, wobei der Wärmeträger Gas und das wärmeaufnehmende Medium ein flüssiges Medium ist.The invention relates to an annular gap heat exchanger, which consists of four concentrically arranged tubes, so that between the individual tubes there are annular gaps or annular chambers, of which the respective inner annular gap is flowed through by the heat transfer medium and the respective outer one by the heat-absorbing medium, the heat transfer medium Gas and the heat absorbing medium is a liquid medium.

Es sind Ringspaltwärmetauscher mit drei konzentrisch ineinander angeordneten Rohren bekannt die ein inneres Rohr und zwei daran nach außen anschließende Ringkammern bilden. Die innere Ringkammer wird von dem gasförmigen Wärmeträger durchströmt, während die äußere Ringkammer von dem wärmeaufnehmenden Medium, also einer Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise Wasser, durchströmt wird. Das innere Rohr ist an beiden Stirnseiten verschlossen und enthält kein Medium.There are annular gap heat exchangers with three concentrically one inside the other arranged tubes known which form an inner tube and two annular chambers adjoining it to the outside. The gaseous heat transfer medium flows through the inner annular chamber, while the heat-absorbing medium, ie a liquid, for example water, flows through the outer annular chamber. The inner tube is closed on both ends and contains no medium.

Nachteilig bei diesem bekannten Ringspaltwärmetauscher ist es, daß aufgrund der entlang der Rohrachse laufenden Strömung der Wärmeübergang zwischen den beiden Ringkammern zu wünschen übrigläßt, weil das wärmetragende Medium innerhalb seiner ihm zugeordneten Kammer nur eine vergleichsweise geringe Verweildauer hat (normale Strömungsgeschwindigkeit vorausgesetzt) und weil während dieses Durchströmens, das zum Teil laminar sein kann, die Wandungskontakte nicht in erforderlichem Maße gegeben sind.A disadvantage of this known annular gap heat exchanger is that due to the flow running along the tube axis, the heat transfer between the two annular chambers leaves something to be desired, because the heat-carrying medium only has a comparatively short residence time within its associated chamber (assuming normal flow velocity) and because during this Flow, which can be partially laminar, the wall contacts are not given to the extent necessary.

Um diesen Mängeln Rechnung zu tragen, ist bereits ein Ringspaltwärmetauscher bekannt geworden, bei welchem die innere, das wärmetragende Medium enthaltende Ringkammer einen sehr geringen Querschnitt hat, um stark turbulente Strömungen innerhalb dieser Ringkammer zu erzeugen und gleichzeitig die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen, damit ein inniger Wandungskontakt gegeben ist.In order to take these deficiencies into account, an annular gap heat exchanger has already become known in which the inner annular chamber containing the heat-carrying medium has a very small cross-section in order to generate highly turbulent flows within this annular chamber and at the same time to increase the flow velocity, so that an intimate wall contact given is.

Nachteilig bei diesem bekannten Ringspaltwärmetauscher ist es aber, daß die Strömungswiderstände in der inneren Ringkammer sehr hoch werden, so daß ein solcher Wärmetauscher nicht an beliebige Maschinen mit unterschiedlichen Ausgangsdrücken angeschlossen werden kann.A disadvantage of this known annular gap heat exchanger, however, is that the flow resistances in the inner annular chamber become very high, so that such a heat exchanger cannot be connected to any machine with different outlet pressures.

Durch die EP-A-62691 ist ein Wärmetauscher bekannt, der aus vier konzentrischen Rohren besteht, wobei, zur Erzwingung einer wendelförmigen Strömung, in allen Ringkammern eine Drahtwendel vorgesehen ist.From EP-A-62691 a heat exchanger is known which consists of four concentric tubes, a wire helix being provided in all annular chambers in order to force a helical flow.

Der Erfindung liegt demgemäß die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Wärmetauscher der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß bei universeller Verwendbarkeit des Wärmetauschers für einen möglichst vollständigen Wärmeübergang gesorgt wrid. Außerdem soll der Wärmetauscher mit möglichst geringem Fertigungsaufwand herstellbar sein.The invention is accordingly based on the object of designing a heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the outset such that the heat transfer is as complete as possible with universal usability of the heat exchanger. In addition, the heat exchanger should be able to be manufactured with the least possible manufacturing outlay.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß der gasförmige Wärmeträger eine hohe Verweildauer im Wärmetauscher hat, weil der aufgrund der wendelförmigen Strömung zurückzulegende Weg ein Vielfaches von dem Weg betragen kann, den das wärmetragende Medium bei einem geraden Durchlauf, wie bei den bekannten Wärmetauschern, zurücklegen muß.This ensures that the gaseous heat transfer medium has a long residence time in the heat exchanger because the path to be covered due to the helical flow can be a multiple of the distance that the heat-carrying medium has to travel in a straight pass, as in the known heat exchangers.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung besteht darin, daß der so gebildete Kanalquerschnitt der inneren Ringkammer normale Abmessungen aufweisen kann, so daß der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher an beliebige Motoren od. dgl. angeschlossen werden kann.Another advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is that the channel cross section of the inner annular chamber formed in this way can have normal dimensions, so that the heat exchanger according to the invention can be connected to any motors or the like.

Vorteilhaft ist es weiter, daß aufgrund der durch die wendelförmige Strömung gegebenenfalls verstärkten Zentrifugalkräfte die Wärmeübertragung vom wärmetragenden Medium in der inneren Ringkammer zu dem wärmeaufnehmenden Medium in der äußeren Ringkammer weiter verbessert wird, weil die außen liegende Wandung vom wärmetragenden Medium stärker beaufschlagt wird als die innere.It is further advantageous that, due to the centrifugal forces possibly increased by the helical flow, the heat transfer from the heat-carrying medium in the inner annular chamber to the heat-absorbing medium in the outer annular chamber is further improved because the outer wall is acted upon more strongly by the heat-carrying medium than the inner one .

Eine solche Anordnung gemäß der Erfindung ermöglicht es, ohne das Volumen des Wärmetauschers nennenswert zu steigern, die Wärmetauscherflächen erheblich zu vergrößern, so daß der Wirkungsgrad des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers weiter verbessert wird.Such an arrangement according to the invention makes it possible, without increasing the volume of the heat exchanger appreciably, to increase the heat exchanger surfaces considerably, so that the efficiency of the heat exchanger according to the invention is further improved.

Bei einer solchen Anordnung ist es zweckmäßig, wenn das wärmetragende Medium und das wärmeaufnehmende Medium sich im Gegenstrom bewegen, da auf diese Weise die Wärmeaufnahme durch das flüssige Medium verbessert wird.With such an arrangement, it is expedient if the heat-carrying medium and the heat-absorbing medium move in countercurrent, since in this way the heat absorption by the liquid medium is improved.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile sind auch mit einem anderen bekannten Wärmetauscher nicht erreichbar, der als sogeannter Rohrbündelwärmetauscher bekannt ist. Bei diesem Wärmetauscher sind mehrere kleinere Querschnitte (Rohrbündel) innerhalb eines größeren Rohres angeordnet, wobei die Rohre des Rohrbündels vom wärmetragenden Medium durchströmt werden können; während sie an ihren Außenflächen vom wärmeaufnehmenden Medium umströmt werden. Umgekehrt können die Rohre des Rohrbündels auch vom wärmeaufnehmenden Medium durchströmt und vom wärmetragenden Medium umströmt werden. Die Umströmung der Rohre des Rohrbündels mit dem wärmetragenden oder dem wärmeaufnehmenden Medium wird durch Leitbleche herbeigeführt, welche in den Raum des das Rohrbündel enthaltenden größeren Rohres hineinragen und damit für eine Queranströmung des Rohrbündels sorgen. Ein solcher Wärmetauscher ist aufwendig und teuer.The advantages according to the invention cannot be achieved with any other known heat exchanger, which is known as a so-called tube bundle heat exchanger. In this heat exchanger, several smaller cross sections (tube bundles) are arranged within a larger tube, wherein the tubes of the tube bundle can be flowed through by the heat-carrying medium; while the heat-absorbing medium flows around them on their outer surfaces. Conversely, the tubes of the tube bundle can also have the heat-absorbing medium flow through them and the heat-carrying medium can flow around them. The flow around the tubes of the tube bundle with the heat-carrying or the heat-absorbing medium is brought about by baffles which protrude into the space of the larger tube containing the tube bundle and thus ensure a cross-flow of the tube bundle. Such a heat exchanger is complex and expensive.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es weiter, wenn der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher wenigstens in der mittleren Ringkammer, die der Aufnahme des wärmetragenden Mediums dient, mit wendelförmig angeordneten Strömungskanälen versehen ist, die eine Zwangsführung für das wärmetragende Medium herbeiführen. Diese Strömungskanäle werden zweckmäßigerweise durch in einer Ebene rechtwinklig zur Rohrachse sich erstreckende Bleche gebildet, die aus ringförmigen Blechabschnitten hergestellt sein können, welche aufgebogen werden und entsprechend der Länge des jeweiligen Ganges miteinander und mit der Außenfläche des Rohres verschweißt werden. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine Schnecke, die der Führung des wärmetragenden Mediums, also des Gases, dient.It is also particularly advantageous if the heat exchanger according to the invention is provided, at least in the central annular chamber, which serves to hold the heat-carrying medium, with helically arranged flow channels, which bring about a positive guidance for the heat-carrying medium. These flow channels are expediently formed by sheets extending in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis, which can be made from annular sheet metal sections which are bent up and are welded to one another and to the outer surface of the tube in accordance with the length of the respective passage. In this way, a screw is created that serves to guide the heat-carrying medium, that is, the gas.

Die Außenkanten dieser Schnecke können einen geringfügigen Abstand zur Innenfläche des nächstäußeren Rohres haben, damit die Rohre leicht ineinander eingesetzt werden können.The outer edges of this screw can have a slight distance from the inner surface of the next outer tube so that the tubes can be easily inserted into one another.

Wie Versuche überraschenderweise gezeigt haben, hat der so gebildete Spalt zwischen den Außenkanten der Bleche und der Innenfläche des zugehörigen Rohres praktisch keinen Einfluß auf den Wirkungsgrad des Wärmetauschers.As experiments have surprisingly shown, the gap formed in this way between the outer edges of the sheets and the inner surface of the associated tube has practically no influence on the efficiency of the heat exchanger.

Obwohl es an sich genügt, wenn lediglich die mittlere Ringkammer mit derartigen wendelförmigen Kanälen versehen ist, kann es weiter vorteilhaft sein, auch die beiden übrigen Ringkammern mit derartigen Leitblechen zu versehen, so daß auch das wärmeaufnehmende Medium einen längeren Wandungskontakt mit dem Wärmetauscher hat.Although it is sufficient in itself if only the central annular chamber is provided with such helical channels, it can also be advantageous to also provide the other two annular chambers with such baffles, so that the heat-absorbing medium also has longer wall contact with the heat exchanger.

Vorteilhaft ist es schließlich, wenn die Querschnitte der schrauben- oder wendelförmigen Kanäle wenigstens innerhalb der mittleren Ringkammer für das wärmetragende Medium sich vom Gaseintritt bis zum Gasaustritt verringern, um die zunehmende Dichte infolge des Wärmeverlustes so auszugleichen, daß die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit konstant bleibt.Finally, it is advantageous if the cross sections of the helical or helical channels, at least within the central annular chamber for the heat-carrying medium, decrease from the gas inlet to the gas outlet in order to compensate for the increasing density due to the heat loss so that the outlet velocity remains constant.

Die Schneckenteile können durch Schweißen mit den Rohren verbunden sein.The screw parts can be connected to the pipes by welding.

Um einen größeren Durchsatz zu erreichen, kann es zweckmäßig sein, die wendelförmig angeordneten Strömungskanäle mehrgängig, vorzugsweise zweigängig, auszubilden.In order to achieve a higher throughput, it can be expedient to design the helically arranged flow channels to have multiple courses, preferably two courses.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in der Zeichnung näher erläutert.

Fig. 1
zeigt in schematischer Darstellung im Schnitt eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers.
Fig. 2
ist der schematische Schnitt II-II nach Fig. 1.
Fig. 3
zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung den Wärmetauscher und verdeutlicht die Strömung des wärmetragenden Mediums.
Fig. 4
ist eine Darstellung ähnlich Fig. 3 und zeigt die Anordnung der die wendelförmigen Kanäle begrenzenden Wandungen.
Fig. 5
ist eine Darstellung ähnlich Fig. 1 und zeigt im Schnitt die Anordnung der Kanalwandungen gemäß Fig. 4 und weiterer Kanalwandungen für das wärmeaufnehmende Medium.
Fig. 6
ist eine Ansicht ähnlich Fig. 1 und zeigt den Aufbau des Wärmetauschers im einzelnen.
Fig. 7
ist die Ansicht VII-VII nach Fig. 6.
Fig. 8
zeigt im Teilschnitt eine zweigängige Ausbildung der wendelförmigen Ringkammern.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in the drawing.
Fig. 1
shows a schematic representation in section of an embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention.
Fig. 2
is the schematic section II-II of FIG. 1st
Fig. 3
shows a perspective view of the heat exchanger and illustrates the flow of the heat-carrying medium.
Fig. 4
is a representation similar to FIG. 3 and shows the arrangement of the walls delimiting the helical channels.
Fig. 5
is a representation similar to FIG. 1 and shows in section the arrangement of the channel walls according to FIG. 4 and further channel walls for the heat-absorbing medium.
Fig. 6
is a view similar to FIG. 1 and shows the structure of the heat exchanger in detail.
Fig. 7
is the view VII-VII of FIG. 6.
Fig. 8
shows in partial section a two-course design of the helical annular chambers.

In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist ein erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeter Ringspaltwärmetauscher 1 dargestellt, der aus vier konzentrisch ineinander angeordneten Rohren 2 bis 5 besteht, wobei das innere Rohr 2 an seinen Stirnseiten 6 verschlossen ist. Die Rohre 2 bis 5 schließen Ringkammern 7 bis 9 ein, wobei das wärmetragende Medium, ein Gas, durch die mittlere Ringkammer 8 und das wärmeaufnehmende Medium, eine Flüssigkeit, durch die inneren und äußeren Ringkammern 7 und 9 strömt.1 and 2 show an annular gap heat exchanger 1 designed according to the invention, which consists of four tubes 2 to 5 arranged concentrically one inside the other, the inner tube 2 being closed on its end faces 6. The pipes 2 to 5 enclose annular chambers 7 to 9, the heat-carrying medium, a gas, flowing through the middle annular chamber 8 and the heat-absorbing medium, a liquid, through the inner and outer annular chambers 7 and 9.

Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel strömt das wärmetragende Medium in Richtung des Pfeiles 10 in die Ringkammer 8 hinein und tritt aus dieser in Richtung des Pfeiles 11 wieder hinaus. Das wärmeaufnehmende Medium strömt durch die innere Ringkammer 7 und die äußere Ringkammer 9 in Richtung der Pfeile 12 und 13 in die Ringkammern hinein und tritt in Richtung der Pfeile 14 und 15 aus diesen wieder heraus. Das wärmetragende Medium bewegt sich also beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel im Gegenstrom zum wärmeaufnehmenden Medium. Eine Bewegung dieser Medien im Gleichstrom ist möglich.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the heat-carrying medium flows into the annular chamber 8 in the direction of the arrow 10 and exits from it in the direction of the arrow 11. The heat-absorbing medium flows through the inner annular chamber 7 and the outer annular chamber 9 in the direction of arrows 12 and 13 into the annular chambers and emerges from them in the direction of arrows 14 and 15. The heat-carrying medium thus moves in the illustrated embodiment in countercurrent to the heat-absorbing medium. A movement of these media in direct current is possible.

Wie sich insbesondere aus Fig. 2 ergibt, wird das wärmetragende Medium in der mittleren Ringkammer 8 einer das Medium um das innere Rohr 2 herumführenden wendelförmigen (schraubenförmigen) Strömung in Richtung des Pfeiles 16 unterworfen. Die im Gegenstrom sich in Richtung der Pfeile 17 und 18 bewegenden wärmeaufnehmenden Medien können gegebenenfalls ebenfalls einer sie um das innere Rohr 2 herumführenden wendelförmigen Bewegung innerhalb ihrer Ringkammern 7 und 9 unterworfen sein.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the heat-carrying medium in the central annular chamber 8 is subjected to a helical (helical) flow around the inner tube 2 in the direction of the arrow 16. The heat-absorbing media moving in the opposite direction in the direction of arrows 17 and 18 can optionally also be subjected to a helical movement around their inner tube 2 within their annular chambers 7 and 9.

Fig. 3 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung den Wärmetauscher 1 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 und verdeutlicht diese Verhältnisse. Das gasförmige wärmetragende Medium wird in Richtung der angedeuteten Strömungslinie 19 (vgl. auch Pfeil 20) um die Rohre 2 bzw. 3 herumgeführt, so daß der der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Wärmetauschereffekt eintritt. Diese wendelförmige Strömung 19 läuft in der Ringkammer 8 ab, während die Ringkammern 7 und 9 mit dem wärmeaufnehmenden Medium beaufschlagt werden, welches - wie dargelegt - seinerseits einer wendelförmigen Bewegung unterworfen sein kann.3 shows a perspective view of the heat exchanger 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and illustrates these relationships. The gaseous heat-carrying medium is guided in the direction of the indicated flow line 19 (see also arrow 20) around the pipes 2 and 3, so that the heat exchanger effect on which the invention is based occurs. This helical flow 19 runs in the annular chamber 8, while the annular chambers 7 and 9 are acted upon by the heat-absorbing medium, which - as explained - in turn can be subjected to a helical movement.

Fig. 4 ist eine perspektivische Darstellung ähnlich Fig. 3 und verdeutlicht die Ausbildung von wendelförmig angeordneten Strömungskanälen 21, welche eine Zwangsführung des wärmetragenden Mediums herbeiführen. Diese Strömungskanäle 21 sind durch in einer Ebene rechtwinklig zur Rohrachse 22 sich erstreckende Bleche 23 gebildet, die seitliche Kanalwandungen 24 (vgl. Fig. 6) darstellen, durch welche das wärmetragende Medium geführt wird. Die Bleche 23 können aus ringförmigen Blechabschnitten hergestellt sein, welche aufgebogen werden und entsprechend der Länge des jeweiligen Ganges miteinander und mit der Außenfläche des Rohres 3 verschweißt werden. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine Schnecke 25, die der Führung des wärmetragenden Mediums dient.FIG. 4 is a perspective illustration similar to FIG. 3 and illustrates the formation of helically arranged flow channels 21 which bring about a forced guidance of the heat-carrying medium. These flow channels 21 are formed by plates 23 which extend in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis 22 and which represent lateral channel walls 24 (see FIG. 6) through which the heat-carrying medium is guided. The sheets 23 can be produced from annular sheet metal sections which are bent up and welded to one another and to the outer surface of the tube 3 in accordance with the length of the respective aisle. In this way, a screw 25 is created which serves to guide the heat-carrying medium.

Fig. 5 ist ein Schnitt ähnlich Fig. 1 und verdeutlicht den Aufbau der Strömungskanäle 21 für den Fall, daß sowohl für das wärmetragende Medium als auch für das wärmeaufnehmende Medium eine wendelförmige Strömung vorgesehen ist. In diesem Fall können neben den wendelförmigen Strömungskanälen 21 für das wärmetragende Medium auch in den beiden Ringkammern 7 und 9, welche die mittlere Ringkammer 8 einschließen, schneckenförmige Kanalwandungen 26 und 27 vorgesehen sein, die die wendelförmige Bewegung des wärmeaufnehmenden Mediums herbeiführen. Die Leitungen 28 führen das wärmeaufnehmende Medium in den Wärmetauscher, welches durch die Leitungen 29 wieder austritt, während die Leitung 30 das wärmetragende Medium dem Wärmetauscher zuführt, das bei 31 wieder austritt. Die Bewegungsrichtungen entsprechend den Pfeilen 10 bis 15 stimmen mit denjenigen nach Fig. 1 überein.Fig. 5 is a section similar to Fig. 1 and illustrates the structure of the flow channels 21 in the event that a helical flow is provided for both the heat-carrying medium and the heat-absorbing medium. In this case, in addition to the helical flow channels 21 for the heat-carrying medium, helical channel walls 26 and 27 can also be provided in the two annular chambers 7 and 9, which enclose the middle annular chamber 8, which allow the helical movement of the heat-absorbing medium bring about. The lines 28 lead the heat-absorbing medium into the heat exchanger, which exits again through the lines 29, while the line 30 supplies the heat-carrying medium to the heat exchanger, which exits again at 31. The directions of movement according to arrows 10 to 15 correspond to those according to FIG. 1.

Die Figuren 6 und 7 zeigen eine konstruktive Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers im einzelnen. Die Zu- und Ableitungen für das wärmetragende Medium einerseits und das wärmeaufnehmende Medium andererseits sind mit denselben Bezugszeichen wie in Fig. 5 versehen. Mit 32 ist ein Entlüftungsstutzen bezeichnet.Figures 6 and 7 show a constructive embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention in detail. The supply and discharge lines for the heat-carrying medium on the one hand and the heat-absorbing medium on the other hand are provided with the same reference symbols as in FIG. 5. With 32 a vent connection is designated.

Wie aus Fig. 6 hervorgeht, sind alle drei Ringkammern 7 bis 9 mit schneckenförmigen Kanalwandungen 24 und 26 und 27 versehen, die zwischen sich schrauben- oder wendelförmige Kanäle 21 bzw. 33 und 34 einschließen. Die Schneckenteile sind, wie aus Fig. 6 hervorgeht, durch Schweißnähte 35 mit den zugehörigen Rohraußenflächen verbunden.As can be seen from FIG. 6, all three annular chambers 7 to 9 are provided with helical channel walls 24 and 26 and 27, which include screw-like or helical channels 21 or 33 and 34 between them. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the screw parts are connected to the associated pipe outer surfaces by weld seams 35.

Die Außenkanten 25 der Schneckenteile 23 haben einen geringfügigen Abstand 36 zur Innenfläche des nächstäußeren Rohres, damit die Rohre leicht ineinander eingesetzt werden können. Dieser Abstand oder Spalt 36 hat keinen nennenswerten Einfluß auf den Wirkungsgrad des Wärmetauschers.The outer edges 25 of the screw parts 23 are at a slight distance 36 from the inner surface of the next outer tube, so that the tubes are easily inserted into one another can. This distance or gap 36 has no significant influence on the efficiency of the heat exchanger.

Wie aus Fig. 6 weiter hervorgeht, verringern sich die Querschnitte der schrauben- oder wendelförmigen Kanäle 21 in der mittleren Ringkammer 8 für das wärmetragende Medium vom Gaseintritt 30 zum Gasaustritt 31, um die zunehmende Dichte infolge des Wärmeverlustes so auszugleichen, daß die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit konstant bleibt. Die Querschnitte der Strömungskanäle in den beiden das wärmeaufnehmende Medium enthaltenden Ringkammern 7 und 9 können - wie dargestellt - konstant bleiben.As can further be seen from FIG. 6, the cross sections of the helical or helical channels 21 in the central annular chamber 8 for the heat-carrying medium decrease from the gas inlet 30 to the gas outlet 31 in order to compensate for the increasing density due to the heat loss in such a way that the outlet velocity remains constant . The cross sections of the flow channels in the two annular chambers 7 and 9 containing the heat-absorbing medium can - as shown - remain constant.

Fig. 8 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung und im Teilschnitt eine zweigängige Ausbildung der wendelförmigen Strömungskanäle 21.8 shows a schematic representation and a partial section of a two-course design of the helical flow channels 21.

Claims (6)

  1. Annular gap heat exchanger, which consists of tubes arranged concentrically in one another, so that annular chambers are formed between the individual tubes, the heat exchanger (1) consisting of four tubes (2, 3, 4, 5) arranged concentrically in one another, so that three annular chambers (7, 8, 9) are formed, the heat-emitting medium, which is in the form of a gas, flowing only through the central annular chamber (8) which is in each case enclosed by the other two annular chambers (7, 9), and guide plates (23) which bring about a spiral flow being provided only in this annular chamber (8) associated with the heat-emitting medium, while the heat-absorbing medium, which is a liquid medium, flows through the two outer annular chambers (7, 9) and the heat supplied passes over, both on the inner cylindrical side of the central annular chamber (8) and on the outer side of the latter, into the annular chambers (7, 9) containing the heat-absorbing medium, so that through the spiral flow of the heat-emitting medium in the central annular chamber a common, simultaneous transfer of heat is effected into both the outer annular chambers (7, 9) enclosing the central annular chamber (8).
  2. Annular-gap heat exchanger according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat-emitting medium and the heat-absorbing medium move in countercurrent (16, 17, 18).
  3. Annular-gap heat exchanger according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide plates (23) in the central annular chamber form flow channels (21) which extend in a plane at right angles to the axis (22) of the tube.
  4. Annular-gap heat exchanger according to Claim 3, characterized in that the two plates (23) are made from annular sheet metal portions which are bent up and welded to one another and to the outer surface of the tube (3) in accordance with the length of the respective thread, so that a worm is formed.
  5. Annular-gap heat exchanger according to Claim 4, characterized in that the outer edges (25) of the worm are at a slight distance (36) from the inner surface of the tube (4) situated next thereto in the outward direction.
  6. Annular-gap heat exchanger according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the cross-sections of the helical or spiral channels (21, 33, 34), at least within the central annular chamber (8) for the heat-emitting medium, decrease from the gas inlet (3) to the gas outlet (31).
EP91104485A 1990-03-29 1991-03-22 Annular space heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime EP0449124B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4010151 1990-03-29
DE19904010151 DE4010151A1 (en) 1989-03-31 1990-03-29 Heat-exchanger made of concentric tubes - has gas flowing in spiral in annular chamber round inner tube

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EP0449124A1 EP0449124A1 (en) 1991-10-02
EP0449124B1 true EP0449124B1 (en) 1995-05-24

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EP91104485A Expired - Lifetime EP0449124B1 (en) 1990-03-29 1991-03-22 Annular space heat exchanger

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AT (1) ATE123139T1 (en)
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WO2014182397A1 (en) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Bruce Hazeltine Monolithic heat exchanger and apparatus and methods for hydrogenation of a halosilane

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GB9420731D0 (en) * 1994-10-14 1994-11-30 Stokes Keith H An improved heat exchange ventilator
CA2431894A1 (en) * 2000-10-23 2002-05-02 Alejandro Mendez Apparatus and method of aseptic packaging perishables
WO2003021177A1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2003-03-13 Mahendra Chhotalal Sheth Piping system and method of making the same and associated method of heat transfer
CN105333613B (en) * 2014-08-15 2019-05-14 长沙英芙机电科技有限公司 A kind of water heater and condenser
GB201419963D0 (en) 2014-11-10 2014-12-24 Rolls Royce Plc Heat exchanger
CN104534909A (en) * 2014-12-19 2015-04-22 合肥市百胜科技发展股份有限公司 Water-cooled jacket
CN104501479A (en) * 2014-12-24 2015-04-08 武汉浩宏科技有限公司 Double-spiral type condenser and air-source water heater comprising same
US10266414B2 (en) * 2015-06-16 2019-04-23 Hemlock Semiconductor Operations Llc Susceptor arrangement for a reactor and method of heating a process gas for a reactor
CN105258402A (en) * 2015-11-10 2016-01-20 苏州海而仕信息科技有限公司 Pipeline type heat exchanger
IT201800004323A1 (en) * 2018-04-09 2019-10-09 Heat exchanger device between a source of thermal energy and a fluid and thermo-hydraulic device for heating a fluid comprising said exchanger
CN110530174B (en) * 2019-07-16 2020-10-13 武汉科技大学 Column tube type circulation heat exchanger based on self-excited oscillation chamber

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GB787010A (en) * 1956-08-31 1957-11-27 Wellman Smith Owen Eng Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to furnace recuperators or like recuperative heat exchangers
NO146579C (en) * 1980-07-11 1982-10-27 Bjoern Borg HEAT EXCHANGES FOR STREAMING MEDIA.
EP0062691A1 (en) * 1981-04-15 1982-10-20 Elpag Ag Chur Heat exchanger

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014182397A1 (en) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Bruce Hazeltine Monolithic heat exchanger and apparatus and methods for hydrogenation of a halosilane
CN105473501A (en) * 2013-05-07 2016-04-06 布鲁斯·黑兹尔坦 Monolithic heat exchanger and apparatus and methods for hydrogenation of a halosilane
US9308510B2 (en) 2013-05-07 2016-04-12 Bruce Hazeltine Monolithic heat exchanger and apparatus and methods for hydrogenation of a halosilane
CN105473501B (en) * 2013-05-07 2019-10-29 布鲁斯·黑兹尔坦 Halogenated silanes adds hydrogen monolithic integrated heat exchanger and device and method

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EP0449124A1 (en) 1991-10-02
ATE123139T1 (en) 1995-06-15

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