EP0446977A1 - Device for guiding and regulating the forward step in operating machines with intermittent forward motion, particularly for automatic screen printing machines - Google Patents
Device for guiding and regulating the forward step in operating machines with intermittent forward motion, particularly for automatic screen printing machines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0446977A1 EP0446977A1 EP91200351A EP91200351A EP0446977A1 EP 0446977 A1 EP0446977 A1 EP 0446977A1 EP 91200351 A EP91200351 A EP 91200351A EP 91200351 A EP91200351 A EP 91200351A EP 0446977 A1 EP0446977 A1 EP 0446977A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- belt
- teeth
- conveyor belt
- encoder
- machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004886 head movement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
- B41F13/02—Conveying or guiding webs through presses or machines
- B41F13/04—Conveying or guiding webs through presses or machines intermittently
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F15/00—Screen printers
- B41F15/08—Machines
- B41F15/10—Machines for multicolour printing
Definitions
- the invention described here is a control device for regulating the intermittant forward feed step of machine that is fitted with a closed loop conveyor belt or similar piece of equipment, where great precision in the intermittant forward feed step is required, especially when the belt is of a considerable length, 80 metres or more.
- the device is especially applicable to automatic silk-screen printing machines, but can equally well be applied to all machines with an intermittant feed of considerable length, where the step is required to be particularly precise, without the precision being compromised by errors caused by the length of the machine or the conditions in which it operates.
- the device where a rotating incremental encoder transducer which measures movement is turned by a rubber roller attached to the encoder shaft that rubs against the rubber belt on the machine; the type where the encoder is turned by a toothed belt which is stretched around two toothed rollers and whose flat side, suitably ridged, is placed in contact with and drawn along by the conveyor belt on the machine, and movement is measured by the encoder having a toothed shaft which is in contact with either one of the two toothed wheels that tension the belt or with the teeth on the belt itself; the type where either the belt or a steel strip which is attached to the side of the belt and fuctions as a guide, support, and gives additional lengthwise rigidity, has holes at regular intervals which engage with teeth on the edges of the drive rollers and the encoder shares the same axle as the drive roller; and the system which is commonly used on machine tools for measuring spindle head movement where the encoder is connected to a rack.
- the second category includes the system using which a position marker is printed on the conveyor belt before the first colour is printed, and a sensor is used to detect these markers and thus control the forward feed of the conveyor belt; and the system where magnetic transducers with a position detector are used to read a rigid scale which is no more than about three metres in length, so that, although this system has proved useful on machine tools, it cannot be practically applied to long belts or similar items of equipment (large diameter rotating tables, etc.).
- a non-rigid magnetic position transducer is applied to one of the sides of the conveyor belt.
- the transducer is made of a strip of flexible magnetizeable material, and is magnetized with an alternate polarity at regular intervals, and magnetic detectors are placed at suitable intervals. They are coupled to a step counting device which corresponds to the precise nominal printing distance step, and one of the two detector devices is mounted on a bar whose length can be adjusted so that the machine can be adapted to different printing step lengths.
- the two detector heads can communicate, so that the first detector head transmits the data it has detected to the second, so that the second detector head stops the belt in correspondence to to the power line that the first head recorded as the start point, at a distance which corresponds to the precise distance between the two heads, thus ensuring that each distance along the strip corresponds to one printing step and becomes an element in itself, and the system functions as if it was controlled by the system which uses a rigid magnetic detector transducer.
- the invention described here is similar to the systems in the first category where a rotating incremental type encoder is mechanically driven by the conveyor belt.
- the encoder is inserted in a structure consisting of two gear wheels around which a rubber belt which is toothed on both sides passes.
- the belt is of a high pecision type, such as those currently normally used in robots or plotters, and is in contact with either a second toothed belt which runs along one side of the conveyor belt or its side strengthening strip.
- the teeth on the transducer assembly engage with teeth on the upper surface of the side strengthening strip, so as to form a flexible rack, and the two rollers at the ends of the conveyor belt are both motorized and their speeds are perfectly synchronized.
- the invention can be better understood by the following example of its use, to which it is not limited, where it has been applied to a silk-screen printing machine with a closed loop conveyor belt, although the invention can equally be applied to silk-screen printing machines with rotating tables, or silk-screen printing machines for pre-cut fabrics, or to any machine of considerable length which uses a flexible support and to which the system where an encoder is driven by a rack cannot be applied.
- (1) is an automatic silk-screen printing machine for fabrics, consisting of a conveyor-belt (2) which is tensioned around two drive rollers (3 and 4) which are driven by two DC motors (5 and 6). Their speed is perfectly synchronized so the the conveyor belt (2) is perfectly tensioned both on its upper and lower surfaces.
- the length of fabric to be printed (7) is glued to the conveyor belt, shown as a dotted line in figure 1, so that an 80 metre length of cloth can be printed on a machine 40 metre long.
- a drying kiln (8) is mounted on the final upper part of the machine, according to the direction in which the belt rotates, and is heated by infra-red lamps (9), for example.
- the automatic silk-screen printing device (10) is mounted on the other end of the belt, preferably but not necessarily in its inital area, as is outlined in the figures.
- a toothed belt (11) has been applied as shown in figure 3, consisting of a flexible belt made of a suitable material, such as rubber or thermoplastic, and one of its sides is toothed.
- the detection device (12) is attached to the structure of the machine so that it is above and engages with the toothed belt (11), in such a way that it is driven by the toothed belt (11).
- the detection device is constructed as in figure 3, and consists of a support structure, which is not shown in the figure, with a gear wheel (14) at one end and two smaller gear wheels (15 and 16) at the other end which keep a flexible belt loop with teeth on both sides (13) tensioned and in a loop.
- This double toothed belt is of the type commonly used in industrial robots and plotters, and forms a kind of track.
- a gear wheel which is attached to the drive shaft of an encoder (17) is positioned between the two smaller diameter gears and engages with the external teeth on the toothed belt (13).
- the above described structure forms a type of track, and there is a guide (18) on its base that ensures that the external teeth in the double-toothed belt (13) engage correctly with the teeth on the single-toothed belt (11) which is attached to the side of the conveyor belt on the machine.
- Figure 4 shows a variation to the example shown in figure 3.
- the drive assembly for the encoder (22) is again driven by a kind of track (23), however in this example the two gear wheels (24 and 25) are of the same diameter, and a gear wheel which is attached to the encoder drive shaft (27) is mounted between the two belt tensioning gear wheels in such a way that the gears engage with the teeth on the internal part of the double-toothed drive belt (23).
- teeth (21) with the same length as the double-toothed drive belt teeth (23) can be applied directly to it, instead of using a toothed belt that has been glued to the metal strip.
- the external teeth on the drive belt (23), as shown in figure 4 engage equally well with the teeth (21) on the side rigidity strip because there is a guide (28) in between the two gear wheels (24 and 25) on the device (22), which ensures that the teeth on the belt (23) engage with the teeth on the side strip (21).
- the rotating transducer (17 or 27) outputs electric signals corresponding to the rotation of its drive shaft on the basis of movements of the drive belt (13 or 23), and therefore of the movement of the conveyor belt on the machine. These signals are transmitted to a calculator which processes them, and are then transferred to the conveyor belt (2) drive motors (5 and 6) on the machine, so that precisely equal movements between one print and the next can be obtained.
- step distance (Sr) between one print and the next is calculated depending on the pattern to be printed, on the basis of the number of encoder drive shaft turns or fractions of turns.
- the machine operator gives the control unit the OK to set the machine in motion, and the operating cycle that then takes place includes the following steps:
- the control unit gives the OK for the forward feed of the conveyor belt, and the motors (5 and 6) begin to operate and drive the belt forward in the direction of the arrow for a distance equal to the set step distance (Sr) on the basis of the number of encoder drive shaft (17 or 27) turns or fractions of turns.
- Sr set step distance
- the silk-screen printing device (10) then begins to operate and prints the first section.
- Each section (Sr) of the previously printed fabric is ready to have a second colour printed on top and is in precisely the same position as it was when the first colour was printed, so that alignment and printing are virtually perfect. This is also due in part to the fact that the two rollers (3 and 4) over which the conveyor belt is tensioned each have a drive motor (5 and 6) which are perfectly synchronized so that the teeth (11 or 21) on the conveyor belt always perfectly engage those on the detector drive belt (12 or 22).
- the description is based on how the system can be applied to an automatic silk-screen printing machine for fabrics, the invention can also be applied to cylinder presses for fabrics, where the system is used to synchronize the rotation of the roller and movement of the belt beneath, or to any kind of machine where the movements of two reciprocally operating parts must be controlled with great precision.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Screen Printers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention described here is a control device for regulating the intermittant forward feed step of machine that is fitted with a closed loop conveyor belt or similar piece of equipment, where great precision in the intermittant forward feed step is required, especially when the belt is of a considerable length, 80 metres or more. The device is especially applicable to automatic silk-screen printing machines, but can equally well be applied to all machines with an intermittant feed of considerable length, where the step is required to be particularly precise, without the precision being compromised by errors caused by the length of the machine or the conditions in which it operates.
- In the field of silk-screen printing, there already exist several types of machine which work automatically; those which are fitted with closed loop conveyor belts and rotating tables.
- Whether dealing with silk-screen printing systems for printing long pieces of cloth glued to long conveyor belts, or pre-cut sections of cloth, or other articles which require great precision and that successive prints are equally precise, or whether dealing with printing a repeat pattern which requires careful alignment, or overprinting a pattern in a different colour, the system which controls the feed movement of the machinery (conveyor belt, rotating table, etc.) on which the items, generally textiles, to be printed are placed is of extreme importance.
- There are numerous systems around today for this purpose, and they can be divided into two different categories: those with mechanically operated sensors; and those that use optical or magnetic sensors.
- In the first category there is: the device where a rotating incremental encoder transducer which measures movement is turned by a rubber roller attached to the encoder shaft that rubs against the rubber belt on the machine; the type where the encoder is turned by a toothed belt which is stretched around two toothed rollers and whose flat side, suitably ridged, is placed in contact with and drawn along by the conveyor belt on the machine, and movement is measured by the encoder having a toothed shaft which is in contact with either one of the two toothed wheels that tension the belt or with the teeth on the belt itself; the type where either the belt or a steel strip which is attached to the side of the belt and fuctions as a guide, support, and gives additional lengthwise rigidity, has holes at regular intervals which engage with teeth on the edges of the drive rollers and the encoder shares the same axle as the drive roller; and the system which is commonly used on machine tools for measuring spindle head movement where the encoder is connected to a rack.
- The second category includes the system using which a position marker is printed on the conveyor belt before the first colour is printed, and a sensor is used to detect these markers and thus control the forward feed of the conveyor belt; and the system where magnetic transducers with a position detector are used to read a rigid scale which is no more than about three metres in length, so that, although this system has proved useful on machine tools, it cannot be practically applied to long belts or similar items of equipment (large diameter rotating tables, etc.).
- In the system referred to the European patent Application N° 88201918.5 by the same applicant, a non-rigid magnetic position transducer is applied to one of the sides of the conveyor belt. The transducer is made of a strip of flexible magnetizeable material, and is magnetized with an alternate polarity at regular intervals, and magnetic detectors are placed at suitable intervals. They are coupled to a step counting device which corresponds to the precise nominal printing distance step, and one of the two detector devices is mounted on a bar whose length can be adjusted so that the machine can be adapted to different printing step lengths. The two detector heads can communicate, so that the first detector head transmits the data it has detected to the second, so that the second detector head stops the belt in correspondence to to the power line that the first head recorded as the start point, at a distance which corresponds to the precise distance between the two heads, thus ensuring that each distance along the strip corresponds to one printing step and becomes an element in itself, and the system functions as if it was controlled by the system which uses a rigid magnetic detector transducer.
- The invention described here is similar to the systems in the first category where a rotating incremental type encoder is mechanically driven by the conveyor belt.
- It is characterized by the fact that the encoder is inserted in a structure consisting of two gear wheels around which a rubber belt which is toothed on both sides passes. The belt is of a high pecision type, such as those currently normally used in robots or plotters, and is in contact with either a second toothed belt which runs along one side of the conveyor belt or its side strengthening strip. In the second of these two cases, the teeth on the transducer assembly engage with teeth on the upper surface of the side strengthening strip, so as to form a flexible rack, and the two rollers at the ends of the conveyor belt are both motorized and their speeds are perfectly synchronized.
- The invention can be better understood by the following example of its use, to which it is not limited, where it has been applied to a silk-screen printing machine with a closed loop conveyor belt, although the invention can equally be applied to silk-screen printing machines with rotating tables, or silk-screen printing machines for pre-cut fabrics, or to any machine of considerable length which uses a flexible support and to which the system where an encoder is driven by a rack cannot be applied.
- The example of how it can be applied is shown in the attached tables and drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 outlines a plan view of a textile silk-screen printing machine;
- Figure 2 is a side elevation of figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a detail of one way the device can be constructed according to the invention;
- Figure 4 is a detail of a second way the device can be constructed according to the invention.
- With reference to figures 1 and 2, (1) is an automatic silk-screen printing machine for fabrics, consisting of a conveyor-belt (2) which is tensioned around two drive rollers (3 and 4) which are driven by two DC motors (5 and 6). Their speed is perfectly synchronized so the the conveyor belt (2) is perfectly tensioned both on its upper and lower surfaces.
- The length of fabric to be printed (7) is glued to the conveyor belt, shown as a dotted line in figure 1, so that an 80 metre length of cloth can be printed on a machine 40 metre long.
- The direction in which the belt rotates is shown in figure 1 by an arrow.
- A drying kiln (8) is mounted on the final upper part of the machine, according to the direction in which the belt rotates, and is heated by infra-red lamps (9), for example. The automatic silk-screen printing device (10) is mounted on the other end of the belt, preferably but not necessarily in its inital area, as is outlined in the figures.
- Along the entire length of the sides of the conveyor belt (2), a toothed belt (11) has been applied as shown in figure 3, consisting of a flexible belt made of a suitable material, such as rubber or thermoplastic, and one of its sides is toothed.
- The detection device (12) is attached to the structure of the machine so that it is above and engages with the toothed belt (11), in such a way that it is driven by the toothed belt (11).
- The detection device is constructed as in figure 3, and consists of a support structure, which is not shown in the figure, with a gear wheel (14) at one end and two smaller gear wheels (15 and 16) at the other end which keep a flexible belt loop with teeth on both sides (13) tensioned and in a loop. This double toothed belt is of the type commonly used in industrial robots and plotters, and forms a kind of track. A gear wheel which is attached to the drive shaft of an encoder (17) is positioned between the two smaller diameter gears and engages with the external teeth on the toothed belt (13).
- The above described structure forms a type of track, and there is a guide (18) on its base that ensures that the external teeth in the double-toothed belt (13) engage correctly with the teeth on the single-toothed belt (11) which is attached to the side of the conveyor belt on the machine.
- Figure 4 shows a variation to the example shown in figure 3. The drive assembly for the encoder (22) is again driven by a kind of track (23), however in this example the two gear wheels (24 and 25) are of the same diameter, and a gear wheel which is attached to the encoder drive shaft (27) is mounted between the two belt tensioning gear wheels in such a way that the gears engage with the teeth on the internal part of the double-toothed drive belt (23).
- If the conveyor belt for transporting the fabric to be printed is fitted with a metal strip along its side making it more rigid, teeth (21) with the same length as the double-toothed drive belt teeth (23) can be applied directly to it, instead of using a toothed belt that has been glued to the metal strip. The external teeth on the drive belt (23), as shown in figure 4, engage equally well with the teeth (21) on the side rigidity strip because there is a guide (28) in between the two gear wheels (24 and 25) on the device (22), which ensures that the teeth on the belt (23) engage with the teeth on the side strip (21).
- The rotating transducer (17 or 27) outputs electric signals corresponding to the rotation of its drive shaft on the basis of movements of the drive belt (13 or 23), and therefore of the movement of the conveyor belt on the machine. These signals are transmitted to a calculator which processes them, and are then transferred to the conveyor belt (2) drive motors (5 and 6) on the machine, so that precisely equal movements between one print and the next can be obtained.
- The system works as follows:
- The exact step distance (Sr) between one print and the next is calculated depending on the pattern to be printed, on the basis of the number of encoder drive shaft turns or fractions of turns.
- The machine operator gives the control unit the OK to set the machine in motion, and the operating cycle that then takes place includes the following steps:
- The control unit gives the OK for the forward feed of the conveyor belt, and the motors (5 and 6) begin to operate and drive the belt forward in the direction of the arrow for a distance equal to the set step distance (Sr) on the basis of the number of encoder drive shaft (17 or 27) turns or fractions of turns. Once the step length has been reached, a signal is sent to the control unit which stops the motors and the conveyor belt (2) stops.
- The silk-screen printing device (10) then begins to operate and prints the first section.
- This completes the first cycle of the machine, and the machine now begins a second cycle, and so forth, and thus there is an equal movement of a set length (Sr) at each step of the entire length of the belt.
- Obviously, there is acceleration when the belt begins moving, and deceleration before it comes to a halt, but these are design details which do not affect the essence of the invention.
- Each section (Sr) of the previously printed fabric is ready to have a second colour printed on top and is in precisely the same position as it was when the first colour was printed, so that alignment and printing are virtually perfect. This is also due in part to the fact that the two rollers (3 and 4) over which the conveyor belt is tensioned each have a drive motor (5 and 6) which are perfectly synchronized so that the teeth (11 or 21) on the conveyor belt always perfectly engage those on the detector drive belt (12 or 22).
- In conclusion, although the description is based on how the system can be applied to an automatic silk-screen printing machine for fabrics, the invention can also be applied to cylinder presses for fabrics, where the system is used to synchronize the rotation of the roller and movement of the belt beneath, or to any kind of machine where the movements of two reciprocally operating parts must be controlled with great precision.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT1950190 | 1990-02-27 | ||
IT19501A IT1241064B (en) | 1990-02-27 | 1990-02-27 | GUIDE DEVICE FOR THE ADJUSTMENT OF THE FORWARD PITCH IN OPERATING MACHINES WITH INTERMITTENT FEEDING, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE AUTOMATIC SQUARE SCREEN PRINTING MACHINES |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0446977A1 true EP0446977A1 (en) | 1991-09-18 |
EP0446977B1 EP0446977B1 (en) | 1994-07-06 |
Family
ID=11158561
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91200351A Expired - Lifetime EP0446977B1 (en) | 1990-02-27 | 1991-02-19 | Device for guiding and regulating the forward step in operating machines with intermittent forward motion, particularly for automatic screen printing machines |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0446977B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE108131T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69102721D1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1241064B (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0736379A2 (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-10-09 | Salvador Gali | Long table serigra phic printing machine with balanced propulsion and equidirectional compensated adjustable repeat |
EP1095257A1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2001-05-02 | Inex, Inc. doing business as Inex Vision systems, Inc. | System and method for image acquisition for inspection of articles on a moving conveyor |
EP1233209A1 (en) * | 2001-01-25 | 2002-08-21 | Tecan Trading AG | Displacement device with a toothed belt engaging a gear rack |
CN102114728A (en) * | 2010-01-01 | 2011-07-06 | 如皋市天元服饰印业有限公司 | Automatic flatbed printing machine |
US9243682B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2016-01-26 | Highland Industries, Inc. | Double knit twill fabric for power transmission belts and belts constructed thereof |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0242846A2 (en) * | 1986-04-23 | 1987-10-28 | MS MACCHINE E SISTEMI S.r.l. | Machine for the plane frame printing of textile products and the like |
-
1990
- 1990-02-27 IT IT19501A patent/IT1241064B/en active IP Right Grant
-
1991
- 1991-02-19 EP EP91200351A patent/EP0446977B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-19 DE DE69102721T patent/DE69102721D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-19 AT AT91200351T patent/ATE108131T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0242846A2 (en) * | 1986-04-23 | 1987-10-28 | MS MACCHINE E SISTEMI S.r.l. | Machine for the plane frame printing of textile products and the like |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0736379A2 (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-10-09 | Salvador Gali | Long table serigra phic printing machine with balanced propulsion and equidirectional compensated adjustable repeat |
EP0736379A3 (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1997-08-13 | Salvador Gali | Long table serigra phic printing machine with balanced propulsion and equidirectional compensated adjustable repeat |
EP1095257A1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2001-05-02 | Inex, Inc. doing business as Inex Vision systems, Inc. | System and method for image acquisition for inspection of articles on a moving conveyor |
EP1095257A4 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2001-11-14 | Inex Inc Doing Business As Ine | System and method for image acquisition for inspection of articles on a moving conveyor |
EP1233209A1 (en) * | 2001-01-25 | 2002-08-21 | Tecan Trading AG | Displacement device with a toothed belt engaging a gear rack |
US6705962B2 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2004-03-16 | Tecan Trading Ag | Relocation device |
CN102114728A (en) * | 2010-01-01 | 2011-07-06 | 如皋市天元服饰印业有限公司 | Automatic flatbed printing machine |
CN102114728B (en) * | 2010-01-01 | 2014-07-16 | 如皋市天元服饰印业有限公司 | Automatic flatbed printing machine |
US9243682B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2016-01-26 | Highland Industries, Inc. | Double knit twill fabric for power transmission belts and belts constructed thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69102721D1 (en) | 1994-08-11 |
ATE108131T1 (en) | 1994-07-15 |
IT9019501A0 (en) | 1990-02-27 |
IT1241064B (en) | 1993-12-29 |
EP0446977B1 (en) | 1994-07-06 |
IT9019501A1 (en) | 1991-08-27 |
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