EP0443001B1 - Racquets, especially tennis racquets - Google Patents
Racquets, especially tennis racquets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0443001B1 EP0443001B1 EP90913398A EP90913398A EP0443001B1 EP 0443001 B1 EP0443001 B1 EP 0443001B1 EP 90913398 A EP90913398 A EP 90913398A EP 90913398 A EP90913398 A EP 90913398A EP 0443001 B1 EP0443001 B1 EP 0443001B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- racquet
- area
- height
- cross
- core region
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(S)C(O)=O NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
- A63B49/02—Frames
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
- A63B49/02—Frames
- A63B49/03—Frames characterised by throat sections, i.e. sections or elements between the head and the shaft
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
- A63B60/54—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like with means for damping vibrations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
- A63B49/02—Frames
- A63B2049/0201—Frames with defined head dimensions
- A63B2049/0202—Frames with defined head dimensions surface area
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
- A63B49/02—Frames
- A63B2049/0211—Frames with variable thickness of the head in a direction perpendicular to the string plane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
- A63B49/02—Frames
- A63B2049/0217—Frames with variable thickness of the head in the string plane
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ball racket, in particular tennis racket, with a grip part and a tensioning frame for strings connected via a heart zone, in which the cross-sectional height of the tensioning frame measured at right angles to the covering has at least a greatest height.
- a tennis racket of the type mentioned at the outset can be found, for example, in EP-A 176 021.
- the width of the frame bars increases from the grip part to a central area of the covering oval and in turn decreases towards the racket head.
- This known embodiment should serve to approximately adapt the resonance frequency of the strung racket attached to the handle to the time period in which the ball remains in contact with the covering.
- a major problem in the construction of a racket is the fact that unwanted vibrations are to be kept away from the grip part and thus from the hand or arm of the player. If such undesirable vibrations can be avoided, it is then possible to control the vibration in the grip area.
- the aim of racket constructions is mostly to create rackets which are as light as possible and which are low in the direction transverse to the cross-sectional plane of the clothing, although the racket as a whole becomes softer and the avoidance of vibrations is insufficient.
- the invention now aims to provide a ball racket of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which better control of the vibrations in the grip area is made possible even in the case of a racket frame of light construction and of a low frame height.
- the construction of the ball racket according to the invention essentially consists in that the cross-sectional height of the frame spars or the tensioning frame in the area of the heart zone and in the area of the racket head facing away from the handle end is greater than in the intermediate area of the tensioning frame, the cross-sectional height in the area facing away from the handle end of the club head is larger than the cross-sectional height in the heart zone.
- these areas can also be designed to be more resistant to bending by other measures.
- the more rigid design of these areas is only limited by the increasing weight in the case of more rigid inserts.
- the fact that the frame height in the club head is now larger than in the area of the centerpiece enables a linearization of the dependence of the deflection of the club on the distance from the grip area while simultaneously reducing the vibrating masses in the area of the centerpiece.
- the design is advantageously made such that the change in the deflection over the length of the racket is less than 0.5 mm, in particular less than 0.3 mm, the deflection being between 0.4 mm and 0.9 mm, preferably between 0 , 5 mm and 0.8 mm, is under the test conditions according to HSTM standard 197-A.
- the construction according to the invention is advantageously made such that the frame spars have a largely constant cross-sectional height in the area of the heart zone.
- Such a design makes it possible to ensure a high degree of stiffening with a relatively small increase in cross-section in the area of the softer area in the heart area, without a large increase in mass being required in the heart area.
- the optimum of the desired damping properties results if the training, as in a preferred further development, is such that the stiffness of the individual subareas from the club handle to the club head is set such that the deflection at a given load is essentially linear with the distance increases from a clamping point in the grip area.
- the appropriate design with regard to the desired rigidity and the desired weight distribution can be varied by choosing suitable materials.
- fiber-reinforced for example carbon-fiber-reinforced, hollow spars
- the setting of the Weight can be adjusted by varying the fiber content in the material used for the spar or by using weight-increasing inserts.
- the percentage increase in the cross-sectional height in the region of the racket head facing away from the handle end and in the region of the heart zone is chosen to be substantially linear with the percentage increase in the covered area of the ball racket, the percentage increase in height depending on the covering area of the ball racket in the area of the racket head facing away from the handle end is greater than the percentage increase in height in the area of the heart zone.
- the design is advantageously made such that the sweet spot lies in the area of a lower, substantially constant cross-sectional height of the frame spars, with the propagation of undesired vibrations in the handle area in a particularly simple manner It can be prevented that the weight of the spars per unit length in the area of the club head is greater than the weight of the spars per unit length in the area of the heart zone.
- the desired linearization of the dependence of the deflection on the distance from the handle must lead to different cross-sectional increases depending on the respective covered area, the design advantageously being such that the height in the area of the heart zone around 16 for covered areas between 600 and 720 cm2 up to 24%, preferably about 20%, and the height in the area of the club head facing away from the handle end is greater by 20 to 44%, preferably about 30%, than the height of the spars in the area of the club head and heart zone facing away from the handle end Area of the stenter.
- the design is advantageously made such that the weight of the bars per unit length in the area of the heart zone is less than or equal to the weight of the bars per unit length between the heart zone and the is the area of the club head facing away from the handle end.
- FIG. 1 shows a top view of a tennis racket frame
- Fig. 2 deflection characteristics, which were measured on such clubs
- 3 shows a side view of a racket according to the invention
- Figures 4, 5 and 6 are sections along lines IV-IV, V-V and VI-VI of Fig. 3
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of the mass distribution of a racket according to the invention.
- 1 is formed from frame bars 1, which initially delimit a centerpiece 2 and are bent with a greater curvature in the area of the club head 3 facing away from the handle end. Also in the area of the centerpiece 2, the spars delimiting the covering oval are more curved in the partial area 4. 1 zones are entered in millimeters, each with in Fig. 2 below the deflection values correspond.
- the bending tests were carried out in accordance with HSTM standard 197-A in such a way that a rigid support for the racket frame was formed at a distance of 50 mm to the left and right of the measured zone and the respective deflection value by loading the corresponding zone with a predetermined force of 1000 N is measured.
- the bending behavior of ball racquets is measured in several zones using a lower support consisting of a 2-beam support with a 150 mm beam spacing and an upper support designed as a beam punch with the same diameter.
- Test support diameter of 38 mm can be selected and a division into seven zones is made for tennis rackets.
- the testing machine is set for pressure testing.
- curve 5 corresponds to a conventional racket without modifications according to the invention, with a different deflection in individual zones being clearly observed over the axial length of the racket.
- the relative constancy of the measured values between zones 150 and 250 and the marked rapid decrease in strength in the area of the club head are particularly pronounced.
- Curve 5 for deflections for conventional rackets has areas of widely varying extent in wide absolute areas of deflection.
- the dashed lines 7a, 7b, 7c are measured on the basis of measured values of rackets of different sizes according to the invention and make it clear that the bending properties are almost uniform over the axial length in a narrow range of 0.25 mm. These bending properties result from a construction as shown in FIG. 3.
- the curve 7a is for clubs with a face of 720 cm2, curve 7b measured for 660 cm2 and 7c for 600 cm2.
- the cross-sectional height b of which is selected in the area of the racket head 3 to be approximately 30% greater than the height a in the adjoining area.
- the height b is chosen to be larger on the covering level of the frame spars 1 in the area of the centerpiece 2.
- the handle part of the racket is designated 8.
- FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 The respective cross-sectional shapes of the frame spar are shown in more detail in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, with depending on the area covered to achieve largely linear or uniform deflection behavior in a narrow range, for example cross-sectional heights according to the following table are used:
- the cross-sectional height b in the area of the heart zone is generally in each case above the grip strength measured in the same direction.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows the mass distribution of a racket, the extent of the hatched area in each case representing a measure of the mass in the respective racket area.
- areas 10 with greater mass per unit length are provided symmetrically to the longitudinal axis, which are formed by a correspondingly multilayered design of the frame spars and / or the arrangement of Additional weights in the area of the increased cross-sectional height can be achieved.
- areas 11 with greater mass per unit length are provided at the transition from the heart zone 2 to the covering oval in order to achieve the desired vibration and deflection behavior.
- the weight per unit length in the head region 3 is chosen to be greater than in the heart zone 2 and maximum stiffness is to be achieved in the head region with a high overall height c and high stiffness with a weight reduction in the heart zone 2 with a high cross-sectional height b. Due to the stiffening in the head area and in the heart zone, the areas weakened by the roundings are specifically reinforced and thus the largely linear and, above all, uniform course of the deflection shown in FIG. 2 in a narrow area between 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm obtained depending on the distance from the handle part.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Ballschläger, insbesondere Tennisschläger, mit einem Griffteil und einem über eine Herzzone angeschlossenen Spannrahmen für eine Besaitung, bei welchem die quer zur Bespannung gemessene Querschnittshöhe des Spannrahmens wenigstens eine größte Höhe aufweist.The invention relates to a ball racket, in particular tennis racket, with a grip part and a tensioning frame for strings connected via a heart zone, in which the cross-sectional height of the tensioning frame measured at right angles to the covering has at least a greatest height.
Ein Tennisschläger der eingangs genannten Art ist beispielsweise der EP-A 176 021 zu entnehmen. Bei diesem bekannten Tennisschläger nimmt die Breite der Rahmenholme ausgehend vom Griffteil bis zu einem mittleren Bereich des Bespannungsovals zu und in der Folge zum Schlägerkopf hin wiederum ab. Diese bekannte Ausgestaltung sollte dazu dienen, die Resonanzfrequenz des am Handgriff festliegenden bespannten Schlägers näherungsweise der Zeitdauer anzupassen, in welcher der Ball mit der Bespannung in Berührung bleibt.A tennis racket of the type mentioned at the outset can be found, for example, in EP-A 176 021. In this known tennis racket, the width of the frame bars increases from the grip part to a central area of the covering oval and in turn decreases towards the racket head. This known embodiment should serve to approximately adapt the resonance frequency of the strung racket attached to the handle to the time period in which the ball remains in contact with the covering.
Ein wesentliches Problem bei der Konstruktion eines Schlägers stellt die Tatsache dar, daß unerwünschte Vibrationen vom Griffteil und damit von der Hand bzw. dem Arm des Spielers ferngehalten werden sollen. Wenn derartige unerwünschte Vibrationen vermieden werden können, gelingt es in der Folge, die Vibration im Griffbereich zu kontrollieren. Gleichzeitig wird bei Schlägerkonstruktionen zumeist darauf abgezielt, möglichst leicht bauende und in Richtung quer zur Querschnittsebene der Bespannung niedrig bauende Schläger zu schaffen, wobei allerdings der Schläger insgesamt weicher wird und die Vermeidung von Vibrationen nur unzulänglich gelingt.A major problem in the construction of a racket is the fact that unwanted vibrations are to be kept away from the grip part and thus from the hand or arm of the player. If such undesirable vibrations can be avoided, it is then possible to control the vibration in the grip area. At the same time, the aim of racket constructions is mostly to create rackets which are as light as possible and which are low in the direction transverse to the cross-sectional plane of the clothing, although the racket as a whole becomes softer and the avoidance of vibrations is insufficient.
Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, einen Ballschläger der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei welchem auch bei leicht bauender und mit geringer Rahmenhöhe ausgebildetem Schlägerrahmen eine bessere Kontrolle der Vibrationen im Griffbereich ermöglicht wird. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion des Ballschlägers im wesentlichen darin, daß die Querschnittshöhe der Rahmenholme bzw. des Spannrahmens im Bereich der Herzzone und in dem dem Griffende abgewandten Bereich des Schlägerkopfes größer ist als im dazwischenliegenden Bereich des Spannrahmens, wobei die Querschnittshöhe in dem dem Griffende abgewandten Bereich des Schlägerkopfes größer als die Querschnittshöhe in der Herzzone ist. Dadurch, daß die Querschnittshöhe der Rahmenholme bzw. des Spannrahmens im Bereich der Herzzone und in dem dem Griffende abgewandten Bereich des Schlägerkopfes größer ist als in dem dazwischenliegenden Bereich des Spannrahmens, wird die in diesen Bereichen geometrisch bedingte, weichere Ausbildung des Rahmens kompensiert, wobei diese weichere Ausbildung im wesentlichen auf die Verrundung des Rahmens im Bereich des Kopfes und des Herzstückes zurückzuführen -ist. Es werden somit weichere Abschnitte versteift, wodurch insgesamt eine Vergleichmäßigung der Biegeeigenschaften über die Länge des Schlägers vom Griff zum Kopf erzielt wird. Diese Vergleichmäßigung der Biegeeigenschaften führt in der Folge zu einer leichteren Kontrollierbarkeit von Vibrationen. Zusätzlich zu einer Erhöhung des Querschnittes im Bereich der starken Verrundungen am Schlägerkopf und im Bereich der Zone des Herzstückes können, wie es einer bevorzugten Ausbildung der Erfindung entspricht, diese Bereiche auch durch andere Maßnahmen biegesteifer ausgelegt werden. Eine Begrenzung der biegesteiferen Auslegung dieser Bereiche ist lediglich durch das im Falle von biegesteiferen Einlagen zunehmende Gewicht gegeben. Dadurch, daß nun die Rahmenhöhe im Schlägerkopf größer gewählt ist als im Bereich des Herzstückes, gelingt eine Linearisierung der Abhängigkeit der Durchbiegung des Schlägers vom Abstand vom Griffbereich bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der schwingenden Massen im Bereich des Herzstückes. Während bei konventionellen Schlägern die Abhängigkeit der Durchbiegung vom Abstand vom Griffbereich in der Regel nicht stetig differenzierbar ist und insbesondere an den Übergängen in das Bespannungsoval wechselndes Vorzeichen aufweist, ist eine weitgehende Linearisierung bereits dann erreicht, wenn die erste Ableitung entweder über die Länge des Schlägers konstantes Vorzeichen aufweist oder absolut in engen Grenzen liegt.The invention now aims to provide a ball racket of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which better control of the vibrations in the grip area is made possible even in the case of a racket frame of light construction and of a low frame height. To solve this task The construction of the ball racket according to the invention essentially consists in that the cross-sectional height of the frame spars or the tensioning frame in the area of the heart zone and in the area of the racket head facing away from the handle end is greater than in the intermediate area of the tensioning frame, the cross-sectional height in the area facing away from the handle end of the club head is larger than the cross-sectional height in the heart zone. Characterized in that the cross-sectional height of the frame spars or the tenter frame in the area of the heart zone and in the area of the racket head facing away from the handle end is larger than in the intermediate area of the tenter frame, the softer design of the frame, which is geometrically caused in these areas, is compensated, whereby this softer training is essentially due to the rounding of the frame in the area of the head and the centerpiece. Softer sections are thus stiffened, as a result of which an overall equalization of the bending properties over the length of the racket from the handle to the head is achieved. This equalization of the bending properties leads to an easier controllability of vibrations. In addition to an increase in the cross-section in the area of the strong roundings on the club head and in the area of the centerpiece, as is a preferred embodiment of the invention, these areas can also be designed to be more resistant to bending by other measures. The more rigid design of these areas is only limited by the increasing weight in the case of more rigid inserts. The fact that the frame height in the club head is now larger than in the area of the centerpiece enables a linearization of the dependence of the deflection of the club on the distance from the grip area while simultaneously reducing the vibrating masses in the area of the centerpiece. While with conventional rackets the dependence of the deflection on the distance from the grip area is generally not continuously differentiable and in particular If the sign of the transition to the string oval changes, extensive linearization is already achieved when the first derivative either has a constant sign over the length of the racket or is absolutely within narrow limits.
Mit Vorteil ist die Ausbildung hiebei so getroffen, daß die Veränderung der Durchbiegung über die Länge des Schlägers kleiner 0,5 mm, insbesondere kleiner 0,3 mm beträgt, wobei die Durchbiegung zwischen 0,4 mm und 0,9 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 mm und 0,8 mm, unter den Testbedingungen nach HSTM-Norm 197-A liegt.The design is advantageously made such that the change in the deflection over the length of the racket is less than 0.5 mm, in particular less than 0.3 mm, the deflection being between 0.4 mm and 0.9 mm, preferably between 0 , 5 mm and 0.8 mm, is under the test conditions according to HSTM standard 197-A.
Mit Vorteil ist die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion so getroffen, daß die Rahmenholme im Bereich der Herzzone weitgehend konstante Querschnittshöhe aufweisen. Eine derartige Ausbildung ermöglicht es, bei relativ geringer Querschnittszunahme im Bereich der weicheren Stelle im Herzbereich ein hohes Maß an Versteifung sicherzustellen, ohne daß eine große Massenzunahme im Herzbereich erforderlich ist.The construction according to the invention is advantageously made such that the frame spars have a largely constant cross-sectional height in the area of the heart zone. Such a design makes it possible to ensure a high degree of stiffening with a relatively small increase in cross-section in the area of the softer area in the heart area, without a large increase in mass being required in the heart area.
Insgesamt ergibt sich das Optimum der gewünschten Dämpfungseigenschaften, wenn die Ausbildung, wie es einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung entspricht, so getroffen ist, daß die Steifigkeit der einzelnen Teilbereiche vom Schlägergriff zum Schlägerkopf so eingestellt ist, daß die Durchbiegung bei vorgegebener Belastung im wesentlichen linear mit dem Abstand von einer Einspannstelle im Griffbereich zunimmt.Overall, the optimum of the desired damping properties results if the training, as in a preferred further development, is such that the stiffness of the individual subareas from the club handle to the club head is set such that the deflection at a given load is essentially linear with the distance increases from a clamping point in the grip area.
Die entsprechende Auslegung bezüglich der gewünschten Steifigkeit und der gewünschten Gewichtsverteilung kann durch Wahl geeigneter Materialien variiert werden. Insbesondere bei Verwendung von faserverstärkten, beispielsweise kohlefaserverstärkten, hohlen Holmen kann bei gleichzeitiger Erhöhung der Steifigkeit sogar eine Gewichtsreduktion gegenüber einem konventionellen Holm erzielt werden. Die Einstellung des Gewichtes kann durch Variation des Faseranteiles im verwendeten Material für den Holm bzw. durch Verwendung von gewichtserhöhenden Einlagen eingestellt werden. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Schlägers wird die prozentuelle Zunahme der Querschnittshöhe in dem dem Griffende abgewandten Bereich des Schlägerkopfes und im Bereich der Herzzone im wesentlichen linear mit der prozentuellen Zunahme der bespannten Fläche des Ballschlägers gewählt, wobei die prozentuelle Zunahme der Höhe in Abhängigkeit von der bespannten Fläche des Ballschlägers in dem dem Griffende abgewandten Bereich des Schlägerkopfes größer gewählt ist als die prozentuelle Zunahme der Höhe im Bereich der Herzzone. Eine derartige Auslegung hat überraschenderweise zu einer guten Linearisierung der Abhängigkeit der Durchbiegung vom Abstand vom Griff geführt, wobei bei Wahl der entsprechenden Masseneinstellung unerwünschte Vibrationen nahezu vollständig vom Griffbereich ferngehalten werden. Um die Ballkontrolle und die Spieleigenschaften in keiner Weise zu beeinträchtigen, ist mit Vorteil die Ausbildung so getroffen, daß der Sweetspot im Bereich geringerer, im wesentlichen konstanter Querschnittshöhe der Rahmenholme liegt, wobei die Ausbreitung von unerwünschten Schwingungen bis in den Griffbereich in besonders einfacher Weise dadurch verhindert werden kann, daß das Gewicht der Holme je Längeneinheit im Bereich des Schlägerkopfes größer ist als das Gewicht der Holme je Längeneinheit im Bereich der Herzzone.The appropriate design with regard to the desired rigidity and the desired weight distribution can be varied by choosing suitable materials. In particular when using fiber-reinforced, for example carbon-fiber-reinforced, hollow spars, it is even possible to achieve a weight reduction compared to a conventional spar while increasing the rigidity. The setting of the Weight can be adjusted by varying the fiber content in the material used for the spar or by using weight-increasing inserts. According to a preferred embodiment of the racket according to the invention, the percentage increase in the cross-sectional height in the region of the racket head facing away from the handle end and in the region of the heart zone is chosen to be substantially linear with the percentage increase in the covered area of the ball racket, the percentage increase in height depending on the covering area of the ball racket in the area of the racket head facing away from the handle end is greater than the percentage increase in height in the area of the heart zone. Such a design has surprisingly led to a good linearization of the dependence of the deflection on the distance from the handle, with unwanted vibrations being kept almost completely away from the handle area when the appropriate mass setting is selected. In order not to impair the ball control and the playing properties in any way, the design is advantageously made such that the sweet spot lies in the area of a lower, substantially constant cross-sectional height of the frame spars, with the propagation of undesired vibrations in the handle area in a particularly simple manner It can be prevented that the weight of the spars per unit length in the area of the club head is greater than the weight of the spars per unit length in the area of the heart zone.
Eine noch bessere Ballkontrolle läßt sich dadurch erzielen, daß Bereiche mit maximalem Gewicht je Längeneinheit in dem dem Griffende abgewandten Bereich des Schlägerkopfes und/oder im Übergang der Herzzone in das Bespannungsoval außerhalb der Schlägerlängsachse und symmetrisch zu dieser angeordnet sind, wobei die außermittige Anordnung von Massenanhäufungen ein besonders kraftvolles Spiel erlaubt.Even better ball control can be achieved by arranging areas with maximum weight per unit length in the area of the racket head facing away from the handle end and / or in the transition of the heart zone into the stringing oval outside the longitudinal axis of the racket and symmetrically to this, with the off-center arrangement of mass accumulations allows a particularly powerful game.
Die gewünschte Linearisierung der Abhängigkeit der Durchbiegung vom Abstand vom Griff muß in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen bespannten Fläche zu unterschiedlichen Querschnittszunahmen führen, wobei mit Vorteil die Ausbildung so getroffen ist, daß für bespannte Flächen zwischen 600 und 720 cm² die Höhe im Bereich der Herzzone um 16 bis 24%, vorzugsweise etwa 20%, und die Höhe in dem dem Griffende abgewandten Bereich des Schlägerkopfes um 20 bis 44%, vorzugsweise etwa 30%, größer ist als die Höhe der Holme im zwischen dem dem Griffende abgewandten Bereich des Schlägerkopfes und Herzzone liegenden Bereich des Spannrahmens. Um bei gleichzeitig hoher Steifigkeit im Herzbereich in diesem Bereich die schwingenden Massen weitgehend reduzieren zu können, ist mit Vorteil die Ausbildung so getroffen, daß das Gewicht der Holme je Längeneinheit im Bereich der Herzzone kleiner oder gleich dem Gewicht der Holme je Längeneinheit zwischen Herzzone und dem dem Griffende abgewandten Bereich des Schlägerkopfes ist.The desired linearization of the dependence of the deflection on the distance from the handle must lead to different cross-sectional increases depending on the respective covered area, the design advantageously being such that the height in the area of the heart zone around 16 for covered areas between 600 and 720 cm² up to 24%, preferably about 20%, and the height in the area of the club head facing away from the handle end is greater by 20 to 44%, preferably about 30%, than the height of the spars in the area of the club head and heart zone facing away from the handle end Area of the stenter. In order to be able to largely reduce the vibrating masses in this area with a high level of rigidity in the heart area, the design is advantageously made such that the weight of the bars per unit length in the area of the heart zone is less than or equal to the weight of the bars per unit length between the heart zone and the is the area of the club head facing away from the handle end.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen Fig. 1 eine Aufsicht auf einen Tennisschlägerrahmen; Fig. 2 Durchbiegungskennlinien, welche an derartigen Schlägern gemessen wurden; Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemaßen Schlägers; die Figuren 4, 5 und 6 jeweils Schnitte nach den Linien IV-IV, V-V und VI-VI der Fig. 3; und Fig.7 eine schematische Darstellung der Massenverteilung eines erfindungsgemäßen Schlägers.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. 1 shows a top view of a tennis racket frame; Fig. 2 deflection characteristics, which were measured on such clubs; 3 shows a side view of a racket according to the invention; Figures 4, 5 and 6 are sections along lines IV-IV, V-V and VI-VI of Fig. 3; and FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of the mass distribution of a racket according to the invention.
Der Ballschläger nach Fig. 1 ist aus Rahmenholmen 1 gebildet, welche zunächst ein Herzstück 2 begrenzen und in dem dem Griffende abgewandten Bereich des Schlägerkopfes 3 unter stärkerer Krümmung gebogen sind. Auch im Bereich des Herzstückes 2 sind die das Bespannungsoval begrenzenden Holme im Teilbereich 4 stärker gekrümmt. In die Darstellung nach Fig. 1 sind Zonen in Millimetern eingetragen, welche jeweils mit in Fig. 2 darunter aufgetragenen Durchbiegungswerten korrespondieren. Die Biegeversuche wurden hiebei entsprechend der HSTM-Norm 197-A so vorgenommen, daß jeweils in einem Abstand von 50 mm links und rechts der gemessenen Zone ein starres Auflager für den Schlägerrahmen gebildet wurde und der jeweilige Durchbiegungswert durch Belastung der entsprechenden Zone mit vorgegebener Kraft von 1000 N gemessen wird.1 is formed from
Gemäß HSTM-Norm 197-A wird das Biegeverhalten von Ballschlägern unter Verwendung eines unteren Auflagers, bestehend aus einem 2-Balkenauflager mit 150 mm Balkenabstand, und eines als Balkenstempel mit gleichen Durchmesser ausgebildeten oberen Auflagers in mehreren Zonen gemessen, wobei beim Bending-Flex-Test Auflagerdurchmesser von 38 mm gewählt werden und für Tennisschläger eine Einteilung in sieben Zonen vorgenommen wird. Die Prüfmaschine wird auf Druckprüfung eingestellt.According to HSTM standard 197-A, the bending behavior of ball racquets is measured in several zones using a lower support consisting of a 2-beam support with a 150 mm beam spacing and an upper support designed as a beam punch with the same diameter. Test support diameter of 38 mm can be selected and a division into seven zones is made for tennis rackets. The testing machine is set for pressure testing.
In Fig. 2 entspricht hiebei die Kurve 5 einem konventionellen Schläger ohne erfindungsgemäße Modifikationen, wobei deutlich eine über die axiale Länge des Schlägers unterschiedliche Durchbiegung in einzelnen Zonen beobachtet wird. Besonders ausgeprägt ist hiebei die relative Konstanz der Meßwerte zwischen der Zone 150 und 250 und die deutliche rasche Abnahme der Festigkeit im Bereich des Schlägerkopfes. Die Kurve 5 für Durchbiegungen für konventionelle Schläger weist hiebei Bereiche mit stark wechselndem Ausmaß in weiten absoluten Bereichen der Durchbiegung auf. Demgegenüber sind die strichliert gezeichneten Kurven 7a, 7b, 7c an Hand von Meßwerten erfindungsgemäßer Schläger unterschiedlicher Größe gemessen und machen deutlich, daß die Biegeeigenschaften über die axiale Länge nahezu gleichförmig in einem engen Bereich von 0,25 mm verlaufen. Diese Biegeeigenschaften resultieren aus einer Konstruktion, wie sie in Fig. 3 dargestellt ist. Dabei ist die Kurve 7a für Schläger mit einer Schlagfläche von 720 cm², die Kurve 7b für 660 cm² und 7c für 600 cm² gemessen.In FIG. 2
In Fig. 3 ist der seitliche Rahmenholm 1 eines Schlägers ersichtlich, dessen Querschnittshöhe b im Bereich des Schlägerkopfes 3 um etwa 30 % größer gewählt ist als die Höhe a im daran anschließenden Bereich. Ebenso ist die Höhe b normal auf die Bespannungsebene der Rahmenholme 1 im Bereich des Herzstückes 2 größer gewählt. Der Griffteil des Schlägers ist mit 8 bezeichnet.3 shows the side frame spar 1 of a racket, the cross-sectional height b of which is selected in the area of the
Die jeweiligen Querschnittsformen des Rahmenholmes sind in den Figuren 4, 5 und 6 näher dargestellt, wobei in Abhängigkeit von der bespannten Fläche für die Erzielung eines weitgehend linearen bzw. gleichförmigen Durchbiegeverhaltens in einem engen Bereich beispielsweise Querschnittshöhen gemäß der nachfolgenden Tabelle Verwendung finden:
Die Querschnittshöhe b im Bereich der Herzzone liegt dabei im allgemeinen jeweils über der in derselben Richtung gemessenen Griffstärke.The cross-sectional height b in the area of the heart zone is generally in each case above the grip strength measured in the same direction.
In Fig.7 ist schematisch die Masseverteilung eines Schlägers dargestellt, wobei das Ausmaß der schraffierten Fläche jeweils ein Maß für die Masse im jeweiligen Schlägerbereich darstellt. Dabei sind im Bereich des Schlägerkopfes symmetrisch zur Längsachse 9 Bereiche 10 mit größerer Masse pro Längeneinheit vorgesehen, welche durch entsprechend mehrlagige Ausbildung der Rahmenholme und/oder die Anordnung von Zusatzgewichten im Bereich der vergrößerten Querschnittshöhe erzielt werden können. Ebenso sind am Übergang von der Herzzone 2 zum Bespannungsoval Bereiche 11 mit größerer Masse je Längeneinheit vorgesehen, um das gewünschte Schwingungs-und Durchbiegungsverhalten zu erzielen. Im allgemeinen ist das Gewicht je Längeneinheit im Kopfbereich 3 größer gewählt als in der Herzzone 2 und es soll bei großer Bauhöhe c im Kopfbereich maximale Steifigkeit und bei hoher Querschnittshöhe b in der Herzzone 2 eine hohe Steifigkeit bei einer Gewichtsreduktion erzielt werden. Durch die Versteifungen im Kopfbereich und in der Herzzone werden die durch die Verrundungen geschwächten Bereiche gezielt verstärkt und somit der in Fig.2 dargestellte, weitgehend lineare und vor allem gleichförmige Verlauf der Durchbiegung in einem engen Bereich zwischen 0,5 mm und 0,8 mm in Abhängigkeit vom Abstand vom Griffteil erhalten.7 schematically shows the mass distribution of a racket, the extent of the hatched area in each case representing a measure of the mass in the respective racket area. In this case, in the area of the
Claims (11)
- Racquet, particularly tennis racquet, having a handle (8) and a stretcher frame fixed by means of a core or throat region (2) for stringing, in which the cross-sectional height of the stretcher frame measured transversely to the strings has at least one maximum height, characterized in that the cross-sectional height (a,b,c) of the frame members (1) or the stretcher frame is greater in the vicinity of the core region (2) and in the area of the racquet head (3) remote from the handle end (8) than in the intermediate area of the stretcher frame, the cross-sectional height (c) in the area of the racquet head (3) remote from the handle end (8) is greater than the cross-sectional height (b) in the core region.
- Racquet according to claim 1, characterized in that the racquet is more resistant to bending in the areas having an increased cross-sectional height (b,c).
- Racquet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame members have a substantially constant cross-sectional height (b) in the vicinity of the core region (2).
- Racquet according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the stiffness of the individual regions from the racquet handle (8) to the racquet head (3) is adjusted in such a way that in the case of a predetermined loading the deflection increases substantially linearly with the distance from a fixing point in the handle area (8).
- Racquet according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the variation of the deflection over the length of the racquet is smaller than 0.5 mm and in particular smaller than 0.3 mm, and in accordance with the testing conditions of HSTM standard 197-A the deflection is between 0.4 mm and 0.9 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm.
- Racquet according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the percentage increase of the cross-sectional height (b,c) in the area of the racquet head (3) remote from the handle end (8) and in vicinity of the core region (2) is substantially linear with the percentage increase of the strung area of the racquet, the percentage increase of the height, as a function of the strung area of the racquet, is chosen higher in the area of the racquet head (3) remote from the handle end (8) than the percentage increase of the height in the vicinity of the core region (2).
- Racquet according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sweet spot is located in the region of the lower, substantially constant cross-sectional height (a) of the frame members (1).
- Racquet according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the weight of the members (1) per length unit in the vicinity of the racquet head (3) is greater than the weight of the members (1) per length unit in the vicinity of the core region (2).
- Racquet according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that areas with a maximum weight per length unit in the area of the racquet head (3) remote from the handle end (8) and/or in the transition from the core region (2) into the stringing oval are positioned outside the racquet longitudinal axis and symmetricly thereto.
- Racquet according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for strung areas between 600 and 720 cm² the height in the vicinity of the core region (2) is higher by 16 to 24% and preferably approximately 20%, and the height in the area of the racquet head (3) remote from the handle end (8) is higher by 20 to 44%, preferably approximately 30%, than the height of the members (1) in the region of the stretcher frame located between the area of the racquet head (3) remote from the handle end (8) and the core region (2).
- Racquet according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the weight of the members (1) per length unit in the vicinity of the core region (2) is equal to or lower than the weight of the members (1) per length unit between the core region (2) and the area of the racquet head (3) remote from the handle end (8).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0212389A AT393967B (en) | 1989-09-11 | 1989-09-11 | BALL RACKETS, IN PARTICULAR TENNIS RACKETS |
| AT2123/89 | 1989-09-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0443001A1 EP0443001A1 (en) | 1991-08-28 |
| EP0443001B1 true EP0443001B1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
Family
ID=3528268
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90913398A Expired - Lifetime EP0443001B1 (en) | 1989-09-11 | 1990-09-11 | Racquets, especially tennis racquets |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5183265A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0443001B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2554399B2 (en) |
| AT (2) | AT393967B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2042039A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991003283A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5312102A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-05-17 | Lisco, Inc. | Variable inertia head racket |
| US5762571A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1998-06-09 | Degaris; Kenneth Godfrey | Ultra thin racquet frame |
| EP0676222B1 (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 2000-06-28 | Wavex Corporation | Racket with rugged frame |
| US5470061A (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1995-11-28 | Ektelon | Racquetball racquet having increased stiffness at tip |
| US6383099B1 (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 2002-05-07 | Wilson Sporting Goods Co. | Tennis racquet |
| US5913740A (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-06-22 | Miklos; Edward J. | Flat beam aerodynamic tennis racquet |
| US6062994A (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 2000-05-16 | Ef Composite Technologies, L.P. | Reinforced racquet with flat string bed |
| US6447412B1 (en) | 2000-04-18 | 2002-09-10 | Ef Composite Technologies, L.P. | Sports racket with undulations in frame interior surface |
| JP6163352B2 (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2017-07-12 | ヨネックス株式会社 | Badminton racket |
| DE102021004130B3 (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2022-08-11 | Head Technology Gmbh | Ball game racquet frame with improved torsion |
| DE202021002644U1 (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-09-21 | Head Technology Gmbh | Ball game racket frame with improved torsion |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1539019A (en) * | 1924-02-07 | 1925-05-26 | John P Nikonow | Tennis racket |
| DE574556C (en) * | 1932-06-16 | 1933-04-18 | Schloemann Akt Ges | Reel with revolving inner drum for the production of water-hardened wire |
| ZA72651B (en) * | 1971-04-15 | 1972-10-25 | Morgan Construction Co | Coil forming and packaging |
| DE2751171A1 (en) * | 1977-11-16 | 1979-05-17 | Reppert Ruediger Lothar Von Di | Weights for fixing to edge of tennis racket frame - improves balance and swing and increases striking force by generating greater centrifugal force |
| US4280699A (en) * | 1980-01-25 | 1981-07-28 | Leach Industries | Game racquet |
| DE3103671C2 (en) * | 1981-02-04 | 1984-05-24 | SMS Schloemann-Siemag AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Device for winding and cooling wire rod |
| ZA852092B (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1985-11-27 | Cons Sporting Goods | Tapered racquet |
| NL8402817A (en) * | 1984-09-14 | 1986-04-01 | Pols Erik Bernard Van Der | Fibre reinforced plastics tennis racket - has increased vibration promoting zone towards centre of blade due to decreased thickness of blade profile towards top |
| DE3434898A1 (en) * | 1984-09-22 | 1986-04-17 | Siegfried 7770 Überlingen Kuebler | BULLETS FOR GAMES WITH LIMITED ELASTIC BALL |
| FR2592804B1 (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1989-04-07 | Rossignol Sa | TENNIS RACKET IN LAMINATE MATERIAL |
| US4768786A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1988-09-06 | Siegfried Kuebler | Tennis racket |
| IN170468B (en) * | 1987-08-04 | 1992-03-28 | Wilson Sporting Goods | |
| JPH0429624Y2 (en) * | 1987-11-17 | 1992-07-17 | ||
| JPH0429621Y2 (en) * | 1988-01-23 | 1992-07-17 | ||
| US5037098A (en) * | 1988-04-06 | 1991-08-06 | Prince Manufacturing, Inc. | Tennis racquet with tapered profile frame |
| FR2630336B1 (en) * | 1988-04-26 | 1990-07-13 | Rossignol Sa | TENNIS RACKET |
| US4997186A (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1991-03-05 | Ferrari Importing Company, Inc. | Racket frame having multi-dimensional cross-sectional construction |
-
1989
- 1989-09-11 AT AT0212389A patent/AT393967B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-09-11 EP EP90913398A patent/EP0443001B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-11 CA CA002042039A patent/CA2042039A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-09-11 JP JP2512322A patent/JP2554399B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-11 WO PCT/AT1990/000091 patent/WO1991003283A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-09-11 AT AT90913398T patent/ATE90218T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-11 US US07/659,307 patent/US5183265A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA212389A (en) | 1991-07-15 |
| JPH04501820A (en) | 1992-04-02 |
| WO1991003283A1 (en) | 1991-03-21 |
| EP0443001A1 (en) | 1991-08-28 |
| US5183265A (en) | 1993-02-02 |
| AT393967B (en) | 1992-01-10 |
| CA2042039A1 (en) | 1991-03-12 |
| ATE90218T1 (en) | 1993-06-15 |
| JP2554399B2 (en) | 1996-11-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE3434898C2 (en) | ||
| DE3910890C2 (en) | Rackets for ball games, in particular tennis rackets | |
| DE2546028A1 (en) | TENNIS RACKET | |
| EP0443001B1 (en) | Racquets, especially tennis racquets | |
| DE3826545A1 (en) | TENNIS RACKET | |
| DE3800362A1 (en) | TENNIS RACKET | |
| DE10308532B3 (en) | Rackets for ball games | |
| DE4037568A1 (en) | TENNIS RACKET | |
| AT401877B (en) | VIBRATED DAMPER TRAINING | |
| EP1557203A2 (en) | Racquet for ball sports and method for its manufacture | |
| DE102006004863B4 (en) | Racket for ball games | |
| EP1097730B1 (en) | Racket for ball games | |
| DE3702197C2 (en) | Tennis racket | |
| EP0487963B1 (en) | Tennis racket | |
| DE2621062A1 (en) | Tennis racquet with combination metal and plastic frame - uses carbon fibre with centre of gravity adjustable to suit player | |
| EP0310169B2 (en) | Rackets for ball games, especially tennis rackets | |
| EP0909572B1 (en) | Racket | |
| DE4203682C2 (en) | Ball game rackets, in particular tennis rackets | |
| EP0468263A1 (en) | Racket for ball games, especially tennis racket | |
| DE102021004130B3 (en) | Ball game racquet frame with improved torsion | |
| AT404230B (en) | BALL RACKET | |
| DE4102901A1 (en) | Sports racket with improved damping - has head hand grip and throat area between two arms with cut-away sections parallel to strings and filled with silicone rubber | |
| DE4031180A1 (en) | RACKETS, ESPECIALLY TENNIS, SQUASH, BADMINTON OR RACKETBALL RACKETS | |
| DE3343947A1 (en) | Tennis racket, formed by a hollow profile which supports the strings | |
| DE4037567A1 (en) | Tennis racket of e.g. carbon@ fibre in epoxy¨ resin - has reinforcing component cross=section widening and decreasing in height towards centre between arms |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB IT LI |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19910731 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19921104 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: HEAD SPORT AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB IT LI |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 90218 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19930615 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59001709 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19930715 |
|
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: SAIC BREVETTI S.R.L. |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19930823 |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19940901 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19940919 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19950911 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19950930 Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19950930 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: GC |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: RG |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732E |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20090929 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20090930 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20090904 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20091016 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20100910 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20100910 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20100911 |