EP0442318B1 - Particle filter regenerable by combusting for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Particle filter regenerable by combusting for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0442318B1
EP0442318B1 EP91101119A EP91101119A EP0442318B1 EP 0442318 B1 EP0442318 B1 EP 0442318B1 EP 91101119 A EP91101119 A EP 91101119A EP 91101119 A EP91101119 A EP 91101119A EP 0442318 B1 EP0442318 B1 EP 0442318B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
exhaust gas
tubes
particle filter
filter according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91101119A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0442318A2 (en
EP0442318A3 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Wörner
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Eberspaecher Climate Control Systems GmbH and Co KG
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J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to AT91101119T priority Critical patent/ATE97994T1/en
Publication of EP0442318A2 publication Critical patent/EP0442318A2/en
Publication of EP0442318A3 publication Critical patent/EP0442318A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0442318B1 publication Critical patent/EP0442318B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0212Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters with one or more perforated tubes surrounded by filtering material, e.g. filter candles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a particle filter for cleaning the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines with filter candles, which are arranged in a housing provided with an inlet chamber and an outlet funnel between holding plates, of which the inlet-side holding plate is provided with exhaust gas passage openings, and from a filter material provided with exhaust gas passage openings occupied support tube are formed and to which additional heat for regeneration by burning is supplied from a heat source.
  • Such particle filters are required for cleaning exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, especially in vehicles that are operated with diesel fuel, in order to filter out the soot particles that are harmful to health and represent a high and dangerous environmental impact.
  • These particle filters are known in two versions.
  • the exhaust gas is filtered as it flows through a ceramic block (monolith) which has a large number of through channels, of which one channel is closed like a chessboard and one channel is closed on the outlet side, so that the exhaust gas flows into one channel, then through the surrounding monolith section acting as a filter flows into the adjacent channel and leaves it, freed from soot particles.
  • a soot filter describes, for example, DE-OS 32 17 357.
  • the other embodiment uses filter cartridges for particle filtering.
  • These filter cartridges are preferably designed as a wound filter.
  • a support tube provided with exhaust gas passage openings is wrapped in multiple layers with filter material threads, so that an element comparable to a textile yarn spool is produced.
  • Such an arrangement shows e.g. DE-OS 38 15 148 with a special representation of the storage of the filter candles in holding plates.
  • the filter candles can also be formed by a hose cover made of filter material via a support tube according to DE-OS 38 23 205.
  • the filter candles are also flowed through from the outside in, the exhaust gas to be cleaned enters the support pipes through the filter material, which are closed on the inlet side, the soot particles are retained when the wound filter material flows through, and the cleaned exhaust gas flows through the support pipes into the outlet funnel and becomes dissipated from there.
  • the filter cartridges are arranged on concentric circles in the filter housing and are of a uniform design. Instead of the holding plate on the inlet side provided with exhaust gas passage openings, a holding grille can also be arranged.
  • sooting occurs when flowing through the particle filter, ie the filter material becomes increasingly clogged with soot particles, and the soot has to be removed after a relatively short period of operation.
  • Mechanical removal is practically out of the question because the entire filter would have to be removed and the soot would have to be disposed of. It is therefore necessary to burn off or burn off the enriched soot.
  • oxidizing agents are added to the exhaust gas from a storage container as additives, so that the soot collected with them reduces the soot ignition temperature and the combustion rate increasing agents come into contact and can be burned off.
  • an "external regeneration” is activated for “driving regeneration” as soon as a higher occupancy with soot particles can be determined, for example via the exhaust gas back pressure, which heats the exhaust gas to be cleaned as much (> 600 ° C) that the free burning process can take place. It has been shown, however, that especially in load states with a low exhaust gas mass flow during the regeneration, the filter candles are not burned over their entire length, and that depending on the exposure, the inner filter candles are burned further than the outer ones. The reason for this is that the front half of the filter cartridges is already burning free for a sufficiently low flow resistance ensures that the rear part or the outermost filter cartridges are not sufficiently flowed through. This imperfect regeneration results in shorter and shorter re-infiltration times, which in the worst case can lead to filter failure. Experiments have shown that the infusion time decreased from, for example, 135 minutes on initial infusion to 15 to 20 minutes.
  • the invention has for its object to show a particle filter that enables regeneration while driving and in which a high degree of burning is achieved over the entire filter length, so that the re-infusion time is approximately constant and corresponds to the first infusion time.
  • filter material-free overflow pipes mounted in at least one holding plate distributed over the cross section of the housing are arranged parallel to and spaced from the support pipes covered with filter material.
  • This solution can be applied to all particle filters, including those in which the filtering is carried out via channeled monoliths, after obvious modifications which may be necessary.
  • the overflow pipes are formed by ducts which are open on both sides and open into the additional chamber - described here later.
  • the filter cartridges are mounted in a downstream holding plate and a rear holding plate.
  • the exhaust gas to be cleaned is fed to the filter candle area (the cleaning zone) through exhaust gas passage openings in the front holding plate and through the overflow pipes from the inlet funnel or the inlet chamber.
  • the exhaust gas receives external heat in the inlet chamber
  • the overflow pipes which have exhaust gas outlet openings in the downstream area and are closed on the outlet side, conduct exhaust gas into the downstream lower area of the filter candles during the sooting phase and thus bring about a more uniform loading of the filter candles over their length.
  • hot exhaust gas exhaust gas to be cleaned mixed with hot exhaust gas from the external heat source
  • exhaust gas exhaust gas to be cleaned mixed with hot exhaust gas from the external heat source
  • An expedient embodiment of the particle filter according to the invention shows the feature that an overflow pipe in the longitudinal axis of the housing and further overflow pipes are arranged concentrically thereto, the number of overflow pipes per circuit increasing to the outside.
  • the overflow tubes are arranged in such a way that each overflow tube is surrounded by as many filter candles as possible, so that the filter candles are all flowed as evenly as possible over their length. This also ensures that the section of the particle filter equipped with filter cartridges is flowed through uniformly over the entire length even at low load conditions. This automatically ensures that the surrounding filter cartridges are loaded and burned freely reached and a sufficiently long re-infusion time with uniform infusion ensured.
  • the particle filters are part of the sound damping system of the vehicle engine, it is advantageous to also assign sound damping properties to the particle filter. It has been shown that this is possible with simultaneous improvement of the filter properties, both with respect to the sooting and the burning free, in that a further chamber is formed in the particle filter downstream behind the filter candle region by an inserted bottom, which of the ones carrying the filter material Pipes are penetrated and open into the overflow pipes open on both sides, so that the exhaust gas or exhaust gas / hot gas mixture can enter this chamber.
  • This additional chamber acts with the support tubes as a resonator chamber, and at the same time serves to guide the uncleaned exhaust gas or the exhaust gas / hot gas mixture back into the filter section of the particle filter, so that the filter candles are also flowed to in the downstream area.
  • the floor used is also provided with exhaust gas passage openings. The cleaned exhaust gas flows through the support tubes of the filter cartridges, which extend on the inlet side and penetrate this additional chamber, into the outlet funnel and from there via the exhaust pipe.
  • a mixing chamber is arranged as an inlet chamber in the flow direction upstream of the filter chamber of the particle filter provided with filter candles and overflow pipes.
  • the exhaust gas to be cleaned is preferably fed radially or tangentially into this mixing chamber and on the other hand preferably the hot gas axially. This results in thorough mixing and thus uniform heating of the exhaust gas and the entire filter cross-section is acted on evenly.
  • the hot gas can be taken from an external heat source or the exhaust gas from a burner attached. However, this hot gas can also be supplied axially via an inlet funnel arranged axially on the inlet side of the mixing chamber. If necessary, flow-directing elements, such as baffles, can also be attached in this mixing chamber.
  • the overflow pipes can have exhaust gas passage openings over at least part of their length, so that additional exhaust gas can be supplied to the respectively adjacent filter candles over the entire length.
  • the overflow pipes are closed on the outlet side in the arrangement without the additional chamber behind the filter section, so that all of the exhaust gas flowing through the overflow pipes is fed to the filter candles.
  • the exhaust gas passage openings are arranged in the overflow pipes in such a way that the number of exhaust gas passage openings increases downstream. It is of course also equivalent that the size of the exhaust gas passage openings increases downstream. It is crucial that more exhaust gas is fed to the filter candles downstream, so that the entire length of the filter candles is recorded, especially when burning free.
  • This uniform supply of the exhaust gas also serves the continuation, according to which the overflow pipes have different diameters, for example depending on the exhaust gas inflow from the inlet funnel or the inlet chamber, the diameters increasing radially outward.
  • a continuation shows the feature that the entry chamber has at least one connection for the engine exhaust gases to be cleaned and one connection for the external supply of heat.
  • This arrangement has the advantage over the known arrangements in which the engine exhaust gases and the hot gases are supplied via an inlet funnel that better mixing can be achieved. It has proven to be particularly advantageous that the inlet chamber has a connecting flange for a burner, the hot exhaust gases of which are mixed with the engine exhaust gases to be cleaned. It is particularly advantageous to use a flat burner as a burner. Such a burner is described for example in DE-OS 34 10 716.
  • inlet pipes projecting into the filter space in the area not occupied by filter cartridge support tubes are arranged in the inlet side. This allows a more targeted supply of the exhaust gas to the filter candles, in particular in the downstream rear area, whereby according to a continuation these inflow tubes protrude to different degrees into the filter space. Since in the longitudinal axis of the housing, especially when burning free, with a central arrangement of the hot gas supply, for example through the burner, an approximately conical free-burn zone is created, i.e.
  • the arrangement of the inlet pipes and their different ones can be used Penetration depth into the filter chamber a more uniform free burning can be achieved.
  • the inflow tubes arranged in concentric circles arrange the radially outer parts projecting further into the filter space.
  • the inflow pipes can also have exhaust gas openings have, which can also be distributed unevenly over the length of the inlet pipes.
  • the improvement of the free burning can also be supported by a particularly advantageous arrangement which has the feature that inlet tulips are integrally formed on at least some of the overflow pipes or the filter core support pipes. These are formed by expanding the corresponding pipes on the inlet side and improve the inflow of the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas / hot gas mixture. As a result, a certain control over the cross-section and also over the length of the filter space can be achieved by improving the inflow.
  • both Filter core support tubes as well as the overflow tubes are each mounted on one side in a sliding seat in one of the holding plates. This means that every pipe can expand without causing tension in the overall system.
  • Another expedient embodiment is characterized in that the filter core support tubes and the overflow tubes are mounted alternately with a sufficiently tight sliding seat in the inlet-side or outlet-side holding plate. This results in a particularly high stability of the filter arrangement even at different temperature loads, so that, if necessary, different - but of course heat-resistant - materials can be used even for the filter core support tubes and the overflow tubes, for example steels of different alloys.
  • the particle filter consists of a housing 1, in which the filter chamber 4 is formed between an inlet-side holding plate 2 and an outlet-side holding plate 3.
  • the housing 1 can have any cross section, preferably round or oval.
  • an inlet chamber 5 is arranged in front of the filter chamber 4, into which the exhaust gas of the engine to be cleaned is fed via connecting pieces 6, 7 - in the case of two-pipe systems.
  • a further connection 8 is provided for the supply of external heat.
  • this connection 8 is shown as a "black box", since the external heat is generated further away and supplied via a connection piece, and is also generated in a burner attached to the connection flange 9 and can be supplied directly.
  • a flat burner is preferably provided as the burner.
  • the patent application shows an example of an external supply of heat P 35 45 437.7.
  • An arrangement that can be used as a flat burner is shown, for example, in patent application P 34 10 716.9.
  • the inlet chamber 5 can also be preceded by an inlet funnel (not shown) via which both the engine exhaust gas and the external heat are then supplied.
  • the inlet chamber 5 is at the same time designed as a mixing chamber for mixing the supplied engine exhaust gas and the supplied external heat as hot gas for the free-burning phase. Good mixing can be achieved, for example, by tangential introduction of one of the media; flow-directing means can of course also be arranged in the inlet chamber 5.
  • the inlet funnel or the inlet chamber is flanged to the filter chamber 4 by means of a flange (9).
  • the inlet chamber 5 can also be a section of the inlet funnel.
  • an outlet chamber 11 with an outlet funnel 12 adjoins the filter chamber 4 via a flange connection 10, via which the cleaned exhaust gas flows out.
  • the entire particle filter is protected against heat loss through radiation by an insulation 13 made of thermal insulation material.
  • the filter chamber 4 is delimited on the inlet side by the holding plate 2, on the outlet side by the holding plate 3.
  • the filter candles 14 penetrating the filter chamber 4 are arranged in these holding plates 2, 3. These consist of a filter core support tube 15 which is covered with filter material 16. This assignment can be applied as a winding or in the form of individual knitted hoses.
  • the filter support pipes 15 have exhaust gas passage openings 17 through which the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas / hot gas mixture can enter from the outside through the filter material 16.
  • the filter core support tubes 15 are closed on the inlet side and open on the outlet side.
  • the outlet-side holding plate 3 is formed without exhaust gas passage openings in the two arrangements according to FIG. 1.
  • overflow pipes 18, 19 are also arranged in the two holding plates 2, 3. These overflow pipes 18, 19 are closed on the outlet side.
  • the overflow pipes 18 are provided with exhaust gas passage openings 20 over their entire length and have an inlet tulip 31.
  • the overflow tubes 18 and 19 are flowed through from the inside to the outside and conduct the hot exhaust gas to the filter candles 14, in particular in the free-burning phase, whereby hot exhaust gas is also passed through the perforation of the overflow tubes 18, 19 to the downstream region of the filter candles 14, thereby causing a uniform free burning is achieved.
  • Fig. 1 - upper half - overflow pipes 19 are shown, which have exhaust gas outlet openings 21 only in their downstream area.
  • the hot exhaust gas is fed into the downstream area of the filter chamber 4 and thus to the filter candles 14, which means that this area, which is not burned free in an arrangement without overflow pipes, is now free of soot particles is cleaned by burning, which results in the desired long sooting time.
  • the arrangement of the exhaust gas passage openings 21 in the downstream section of the overflow pipes 19 can take place progressively, ie a larger exhaust gas outlet area can be achieved at the end of the overflow pipe 19. This can be done either by a progression of the number or the size of the exhaust gas outlet openings 20 can be achieved.
  • the overflow tubes 18, 19 are distributed over the cross section of the filter chamber 4 in such a way that the filter cartridges 14 are acted on as uniformly as possible, ie that the distance to the nearest filter cartridges 14 is short and in each case the same. Since the free-burning profile without overflow tubes 18, 19 is approximately conical in shape, the overflow tubes 18, 19 can also have different diameters distributed over the cross section of the filter space 4, namely a larger diameter on the outside than the inside, for stronger supply of the hot exhaust gas in the edge region of the filter space 4.
  • the filter core support tubes 15 and the overflow tubes 18, 19 are therefore mounted alternately in the inlet-side holding plate 2 and the outlet-side holding plate 3 with a sufficiently tight sliding seat because of the risk of soot particles escaping.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 shows a further variant in which a further chamber 22 is arranged downstream.
  • a further chamber 22 is arranged downstream.
  • This is formed by an inserted floor 23 and, as a resonator chamber, contributes to better sound absorption of the particle filter, which is integrated in the exhaust line of a silencer system.
  • the bottom 23 closes off the filter chamber 4 and, as in the previously described variants, is a holding plate for the filter candles 14 are formed and provided with exhaust gas passage openings 24.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 a variant with smooth, non-perforated overflow pipes 19 is shown.
  • both the inlet-side holding plate 2 and the base 23 acting as a holding plate for the overflow pipes 19 are provided with exhaust gas passage openings 24 and 25, respectively.
  • the exhaust gas flows partly through the exhaust gas passage openings 25 into the filter chamber 4 and from there through the filter candles 14 into the outlet chamber 11, partly through the overflow pipes 19 into the chamber 22 and from there back through the exhaust gas passage openings 24 into the Filter chamber 14 and from there via the filter candles 14.
  • FIG. 4 A variant is shown in the lower half of FIG. 4 and the associated sections FIGS. 5 and 6, in which the overflow pipe 18 is open on both sides, has an inlet tulip 31 and exhaust gas outlet openings 20 on the inlet side. These exhaust gas outlet openings 20 are arranged over the entire length of the overflow pipe 18, possibly with a progression downstream. In FIG. 5, lower half, the exhaust gas passage openings 25 are not shown.
  • FIG. 7 shows variants in which the overflow pipes 18, 19 of the previous figures are replaced by inflow pipes 26, 27, which are designed as shortened overflow pipes.
  • the other structure corresponds to the figures discussed above, in particular FIG. 1 with the associated figures 2 and 3.
  • an embodiment is shown in which the exhaust gas from the inlet chamber 5 is supplied to the filter chamber 4 partly through the exhaust gas passage openings 25 and partly via an inflow pipe 27. which is designed as a smooth tube open on both sides.
  • the penetration depth of this inflow tube 27 extends to at least half of the filter space 4.
  • the penetration depth can vary, the penetration depth going further downstream in the edge zones than, for example, that in the longitudinal axis or adjacent to the longitudinal axis arranged pipe.
  • inflow pipe 27 has exhaust gas passage openings 28 and an inlet tulip 31.
  • outlet-side cross-section reduction acting on a nozzle on an end piece 29 is also shown, with which the inflow conditions in If necessary, can be improved.
  • exhaust gas through openings 30 optionally provided in the inlet-side holding plate 2 are shown in the edge region of the inflow into the filter space 4.
  • the exhaust gas to be cleaned is supplied to the filter chamber 4 equipped with filter candles 14 via the overflow pipes 18, 19 and the inlet pipes 26, 27 - additionally also through exhaust gas passage openings 25 in the inlet-side holding plate 2 - and that during the possible free-burning phase during operation of the engine, a mixture of exhaust gas and hot gas, the latter from an external heat source or an attached burner is supplied.
  • This enables an approximately uniform loading and free burning that extends over the entire length and the entire cross section of the particle filter. In particular, a long sooting phase is achieved by completely burning off the particle filter.

Abstract

The particle filter for cleaning the i.e. engine exhaust gas consists of a housing (1) with an inlet (5) and an outlet chamber (11), and an outlet pipe (12). The filter has a number of filter elements, which are supported at each end in retaining plates (2,3). The housing has an inlet for the exhaust gas and an additional inlet (8) for hot gases from an independent burner. The hot gases are used for burning off the carbon particles collected by the filter elements and to clean the filter. The inlet end support plate is provided with holes for the through flow of the exhaust gas and hot gases from the burner.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Partikelfilter für die Reinigung des Abgases von Brennkraftmaschinen mit Filterkerzen, die in einem mit einer Eintrittskammer und einem Austrittstrichter versehenen Gehäuse zwischen Halteplatten, von denen die eintrittsseitige Halteplatte mit Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen versehen ist, angeordnet sind und aus einem mit Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen versehenen, mit Filtermaterial belegten Tragrohr gebildet sind und denen aus einer Wärmequelle zusätzlich Wärme für die Regeneration durch Abbrennen zugeführt wird.The invention relates to a particle filter for cleaning the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines with filter candles, which are arranged in a housing provided with an inlet chamber and an outlet funnel between holding plates, of which the inlet-side holding plate is provided with exhaust gas passage openings, and from a filter material provided with exhaust gas passage openings occupied support tube are formed and to which additional heat for regeneration by burning is supplied from a heat source.

Derartige Partikelfilter werden für die Reinigung von Abgasen aus Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere bei Fahrzeugen, die mit Dieselkraftstoff betrieben werden, benötigt, um die Rußpartikel, die gesundheitsschädlich sind und eine hohe und gefährliche Umweltbelastung darstellen, herauszufiltern. Diese Partikelfilter sind in zwei Ausführungen bekannt. Bei der einen Ausführung erfolgt die Filterung des Abgases beim Durchströmen eines Keramikblockes (Monolithen), der eine Vielzahl von Durchgangskanälen aufweist, von denen schachbrettartig jeweils ein Kanal eintrittsseitig und ein Kanal austrittsseitig verschlossen ist, so daß das Abgas in den einen Kanal einströmt, sodann durch den als Filter wirkenden umgebenden Monolithabschnitt in den benachbarten Kanal einströmt und diesen, von Rußpartikel befreit, verläßt. Einen solchen Rußfilter beschreibt z.B. die DE-OS 32 17 357.Such particle filters are required for cleaning exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, especially in vehicles that are operated with diesel fuel, in order to filter out the soot particles that are harmful to health and represent a high and dangerous environmental impact. These particle filters are known in two versions. In one embodiment, the exhaust gas is filtered as it flows through a ceramic block (monolith) which has a large number of through channels, of which one channel is closed like a chessboard and one channel is closed on the outlet side, so that the exhaust gas flows into one channel, then through the surrounding monolith section acting as a filter flows into the adjacent channel and leaves it, freed from soot particles. Such a soot filter describes, for example, DE-OS 32 17 357.

Die andere Ausführungsart verwendet zur Partikelfilterung Filterkerzen. Diese Filterkerzen sind vorzugsweise als Wickelfilter ausgebildet. Dabei wird ein mit Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen versehenes Tragrohr mehrlagig mit Filtermaterialfäden umwickelt, so daß ein mit einer Textilgarnspule vergleichbares Element entsteht. Eine derartige Anordnung zeigt z.B. die DE-OS 38 15 148 mit besonderer Darstellung der Lagerung der Filterkerzen in Halteplatten. Die Filterkerzen können auch durch einen Schlauchüberzug aus Filtermaterial über ein Tragrohr entsprechend der DE-OS 38 23 205 gebildet sein. Auch die Filterkerzen werden von außen nach innen durchströmt, das zu reinigende Abgas tritt durch das Filtermaterial in die Tragrohre, die eintrittsseitig verschlossen sind ein, die Rußpartikel werden beim Durchströmen des gewickelten Filtermaterials zurückgehalten und das gereinigte Abgas strömt durch die Tragrohre in den Austrittstrichter und wird von dort abgeführt. Die Filterkerzen sind dabei auf konzentrischen Kreisen im Filtergehäuse angeordnet und sind von einheitlicher Bauform. Anstelle der mit Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen versehenen eintrittsseitigen Halteplatte kann auch ein Haltegitter angeordnet sein.The other embodiment uses filter cartridges for particle filtering. These filter cartridges are preferably designed as a wound filter. In this case, a support tube provided with exhaust gas passage openings is wrapped in multiple layers with filter material threads, so that an element comparable to a textile yarn spool is produced. Such an arrangement shows e.g. DE-OS 38 15 148 with a special representation of the storage of the filter candles in holding plates. The filter candles can also be formed by a hose cover made of filter material via a support tube according to DE-OS 38 23 205. The filter candles are also flowed through from the outside in, the exhaust gas to be cleaned enters the support pipes through the filter material, which are closed on the inlet side, the soot particles are retained when the wound filter material flows through, and the cleaned exhaust gas flows through the support pipes into the outlet funnel and becomes dissipated from there. The filter cartridges are arranged on concentric circles in the filter housing and are of a uniform design. Instead of the holding plate on the inlet side provided with exhaust gas passage openings, a holding grille can also be arranged.

Während des Betriebes der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgt beim Durchströmen des Partikelfilters eine Aufrußung, d.h. das Filtermaterial setzt sich zunehmend mit Rußpartikel zu, und der Ruß muß nach einer relativ geringen Betriebsdauer entfernt werden. Eine mechanische Entfernung scheidet praktisch aus, da hierzu der gesamte Filter ausgebaut werden und der Ruß entsorgt werden müßte. Man ist daher auf ein Abbrennen oder Freibrennen des angereicherten Rußes angewiesen. Hierzu werden dem Abgas aus einem Vorratsbehälter Oxidationsmittel als Additive zugesetzt, so daß der gesammelte Ruß mit diesen die Rußzündtemperatur herabsetzenden und die Verbrennungsgeschwindigkeit erhöhenden Mitteln in Kontakt kommt und abgebrannt werden kann. Diese Art des Freibrennens des angesammelten Rußes hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß die Additive chemische Verbindungen sind, die leicht entflammbar sind und das Abgas mit unerwünschten Bestandteilen anreichert, deren Umweltverträglichkeit noch nicht erwiesen ist. Man hat daher bereits versucht, einen Dieselbrenner als externe Wärmequelle anzuschließen, konnte mit der bekannten Anordnung aber nicht im Fahrbetrieb des Fahrzeuges die Filter regenerieren. Daher ist man bei dieser Lösung auf sehr große Filter angewiesen, um eine Speicherkapazität zu erhalten, die einen längeren Fahrbetrieb zwischen den Regenerationsphasen zuläßt. Diese Ruhepausenregeneration ist bei Fahrzeugen möglich, die im Intervallbetrieb arbeiten, z.B. Busse im innerstädtischen Betrieb. Für andere Fahrzeuge muß die Regeneration während des Fahrbetriebes erfolgen. Hierfür hat man z.B. zwei Filter parallel zueinander angeordnet und regeneriert jeweils einen der beiden Filter.During operation of the internal combustion engine, sooting occurs when flowing through the particle filter, ie the filter material becomes increasingly clogged with soot particles, and the soot has to be removed after a relatively short period of operation. Mechanical removal is practically out of the question because the entire filter would have to be removed and the soot would have to be disposed of. It is therefore necessary to burn off or burn off the enriched soot. For this purpose, oxidizing agents are added to the exhaust gas from a storage container as additives, so that the soot collected with them reduces the soot ignition temperature and the combustion rate increasing agents come into contact and can be burned off. However, this type of burning of the accumulated soot has the disadvantage that the additives are chemical compounds that are easily flammable and enrich the exhaust gas with undesirable components, the environmental compatibility of which has not yet been proven. Attempts have therefore already been made to connect a diesel burner as an external heat source, but the known arrangement has not been able to regenerate the filters while the vehicle is in operation. Therefore, this solution relies on very large filters in order to obtain a storage capacity that allows longer driving between the regeneration phases. This regeneration regeneration is possible for vehicles that work in intervals, for example buses in inner-city operation. For other vehicles, regeneration must take place while driving. For this purpose, two filters have been arranged parallel to each other and one of the two filters has been regenerated.

Bei Anordnung nur eines Partikelfilters mit mehreren Filterkerzen oder eines Monolithblockes mit vielen Kanälen wird zur "Fahrregeneration", sobald sich eine höhere Belegung mit Rußpartikel z.B. über den Abgasgegendruck feststellen läßt, eine externe Wärmequelle zugeschaltet, die das zu reinigende Abgas soweit erhitzt (> 600 °C), daß der Freibrennvorgang erfolgen kann. Dabei hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß vor allem im Lastzuständen mit geringem Abgasmassenstrom während der Regeneration die Filterkerzen nicht auf ihrer gesamten Länge freigebrannt werden, daß ferner je nach Beaufschlagung die inneren Filterkerzen weiter als die äußeren freigebrannt werden. Ursache hierfür ist, daß bereits ein Freibrennen der etwa vorderen Hälfte der Filterkerzen für einen ausreichend niedrigen Strömungswiderstand sorgt und damit der hintere Teil bzw. die äußersten Filterkerzen nicht genügend durchströmt werden. Aus dieser unvollkommenen Regeneration ergeben sich immer kürzere Wiederaufrußungszeiten, die im ungünstigsten Fall zum Ausfall des Filters führen können. Versuche haben gezeigt, daß die Aufrußungszeit von z.B. 135 Minuten bei Erstaufrußung auf 15 bis 20 Minuten zurückging.If only one particle filter with several filter cartridges or a monolith block with many channels is arranged, an "external regeneration" is activated for "driving regeneration" as soon as a higher occupancy with soot particles can be determined, for example via the exhaust gas back pressure, which heats the exhaust gas to be cleaned as much (> 600 ° C) that the free burning process can take place. It has been shown, however, that especially in load states with a low exhaust gas mass flow during the regeneration, the filter candles are not burned over their entire length, and that depending on the exposure, the inner filter candles are burned further than the outer ones. The reason for this is that the front half of the filter cartridges is already burning free for a sufficiently low flow resistance ensures that the rear part or the outermost filter cartridges are not sufficiently flowed through. This imperfect regeneration results in shorter and shorter re-infiltration times, which in the worst case can lead to filter failure. Experiments have shown that the infusion time decreased from, for example, 135 minutes on initial infusion to 15 to 20 minutes.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Partikelfilter aufzuzeigen, der eine Regeneration während des Fahrbetriebes ermöglicht und bei dem ein hoher Freibrenngrad über der gesamten Filterlänge erzielt wird, so daß die Wiederaufrußzeit etwa konstant ist und der Erstaufrußungszeit entspricht.Based on this prior art, the invention has for its object to show a particle filter that enables regeneration while driving and in which a high degree of burning is achieved over the entire filter length, so that the re-infusion time is approximately constant and corresponds to the first infusion time.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Partikelfilter dadurch gelöst, daß über dem Querschnitt des Gehäuses verteilt in mindestens einer Halteplatte gelagerte filtermaterialfreie Überströmrohre parallel zu den mit Filtermaterial belegten Tragrohren und im Abstand zu diesen angeordnet sind. Diese Lösung ist nach naheliegenden, eventuell erforderlichen Abwandlungen bei allen Partikelfiltern anwendbar, auch bei solchen, bei denen die Filterung über mit Kanälen versehenen Monolithen erfolgt. In diesem Fall werden die Überströmrohre durch beidseits offene, in die - hier später beschriebene - Zusatzkammer mündende Kanäle gebildet.This object is achieved in a generic particle filter in that filter material-free overflow pipes mounted in at least one holding plate distributed over the cross section of the housing are arranged parallel to and spaced from the support pipes covered with filter material. This solution can be applied to all particle filters, including those in which the filtering is carried out via channeled monoliths, after obvious modifications which may be necessary. In this case, the overflow pipes are formed by ducts which are open on both sides and open into the additional chamber - described here later.

Bei einem gattungsgemäßen, mit Rußfilterkerzen bestückten Partikelfilter sind die Filterkerzen in einer stromab vorderen und einer hinteren Halteplatte gelagert. Das zu reinigende Abgas wird dem Filterkerzenbereich (der Reinigungszone) durch Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen in der vorderen Halteplatte und durch die Überströmrohre aus dem Eintrittstrichter oder der Eintrittskammer zugeführt. Während der Regeneration wird dem Abgas externe Wärme, in der Eintrittskammer z.B. durch einen mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenen Brenner zugeführt, so daß über das auf die Zündtemperatur erhitzte Abgas der Freibrennvorgang initiiert wird. Die Überströmrohre, die im stromabseitigen Bereich Abgasaustrittsöffnungen aufweisen und austrittsseitig verschlossen sind, leiten während der Aufrußphase Abgas in den stromab unteren Bereich der Filterkerzen und bewirken damit eine gleichmäßigere Beaufschlagung der Filterkerzen über deren Länge. In der Freibrennphase (Regenerationsphase) wird durch diese Überströmrohre entsprechend heißes Abgas (zu reinigendes Abgas gemischt mit heißem Abgas der externen Wärmequelle) dem stromab hinteren Bereich der Filterkerzen zugeführt, so daß auch dieser Abschnitt der Filterkerzen durch Freibrennen gleichzeitig regeneriert wird.In the case of a generic particle filter equipped with soot filter cartridges, the filter cartridges are mounted in a downstream holding plate and a rear holding plate. The exhaust gas to be cleaned is fed to the filter candle area (the cleaning zone) through exhaust gas passage openings in the front holding plate and through the overflow pipes from the inlet funnel or the inlet chamber. During the regeneration, the exhaust gas receives external heat in the inlet chamber For example, supplied by a burner operated with liquid fuel, so that the free-burning process is initiated via the exhaust gas heated to the ignition temperature. The overflow pipes, which have exhaust gas outlet openings in the downstream area and are closed on the outlet side, conduct exhaust gas into the downstream lower area of the filter candles during the sooting phase and thus bring about a more uniform loading of the filter candles over their length. In the free-burning phase (regeneration phase), hot exhaust gas (exhaust gas to be cleaned mixed with hot exhaust gas from the external heat source) is fed through these overflow pipes to the downstream region of the filter candles, so that this section of the filter candles is regenerated simultaneously by free-burning.

In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte und zweckmäßige weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung aufgezeigt, die zumindest teilweise alleine oder in Kombination selbständige erfinderische Merkmale aufweisen.Advantageous and expedient further refinements of the invention are shown in the subclaims, which at least partially have independent inventive features alone or in combination.

Eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Partikelfilters zeigt das Merkmal, daß ein Überströmrohr in der Längsachse des Gehäuses und weitere Überströmrohre konzentrisch hierzu angeordnet sind, wobei die Anzahl der Überströmrohre pro Kreis nach außen zunimmt. Dadurch sind die Überströmrohre derart angeordnet, daß jedes Überströmrohr von möglichst vielen Filterkerzen umgeben ist, so daß die Filterkerzen alle über ihre Länge möglichst gleichmäßig angeströmt werden. Damit wird ferner erreicht, daß der mit Filterkerzen bestückte Abschnitt des Partikelfilters auch bei niedrigen Lastzuständen gleichmäßig über die gesamte Länge durchströmt wird. Damit wird automatisch ein gleichmäßiges Beladen bzw. Freibrennen der umgebenden Filterkerzen erreicht und eine ausreichend lange Wiederaufrußungszeit bei gleichmäßiger Aufrußung sichergestellt.An expedient embodiment of the particle filter according to the invention shows the feature that an overflow pipe in the longitudinal axis of the housing and further overflow pipes are arranged concentrically thereto, the number of overflow pipes per circuit increasing to the outside. As a result, the overflow tubes are arranged in such a way that each overflow tube is surrounded by as many filter candles as possible, so that the filter candles are all flowed as evenly as possible over their length. This also ensures that the section of the particle filter equipped with filter cartridges is flowed through uniformly over the entire length even at low load conditions. This automatically ensures that the surrounding filter cartridges are loaded and burned freely reached and a sufficiently long re-infusion time with uniform infusion ensured.

Da die Partikelfilter Teil der Schalldämpfungsanlage des Fahrzeugmotors sind, ist es vorteilhaft, dem Partikelfilter auch Schalldämpfeigenschaften zuzuordnen. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß dies bei gleichzeitiger Verbesserung der Filtereigenschaften, sowohl hinsichtlich der Aufrußung als auch des Freibrennens, dadurch möglich ist, daß in dem Partikelfilter stromab hinter dem Filterkerzenbereich eine weitere Kammer durch einen eingesetzten Boden gebildet ist, die von den das Filtermaterial tragenden Rohren durchdrungen wird und in die beidseitig offene Überströmrohre münden, so daß das Abgas bzw. Abgas/Heißgasgemisch in diese Kammer eintreten kann. Diese Zusatzkammer wirkt mit den Tragrohren als Resonatorkammer schalldämpfend und dient gleichzeitig der Führung des ungereinigten Abgases bzw. des Abgas/Heißgasgemisches zurück in den Filterabschnitt des Partikelfilters, so daß die Filterkerzen auch im stromabliegenden Bereich angeströmt werden. Hierzu ist auch der eingesetzte Boden mit Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen versehen. Das gereinigte Abgas strömt durch die eintrittsseitig verlängerten Tragrohre der Filterkerzen, die diese Zusatzkammer durchdringen, in den Austrittstrichter und von dort über die Abgasleitung ab.Since the particle filters are part of the sound damping system of the vehicle engine, it is advantageous to also assign sound damping properties to the particle filter. It has been shown that this is possible with simultaneous improvement of the filter properties, both with respect to the sooting and the burning free, in that a further chamber is formed in the particle filter downstream behind the filter candle region by an inserted bottom, which of the ones carrying the filter material Pipes are penetrated and open into the overflow pipes open on both sides, so that the exhaust gas or exhaust gas / hot gas mixture can enter this chamber. This additional chamber acts with the support tubes as a resonator chamber, and at the same time serves to guide the uncleaned exhaust gas or the exhaust gas / hot gas mixture back into the filter section of the particle filter, so that the filter candles are also flowed to in the downstream area. For this purpose, the floor used is also provided with exhaust gas passage openings. The cleaned exhaust gas flows through the support tubes of the filter cartridges, which extend on the inlet side and penetrate this additional chamber, into the outlet funnel and from there via the exhaust pipe.

Um während der Regenerationsphase eine möglichst gleichmäßige Beaufschlagung der Filterkerzen über den Gesamtquerschnitt mit aufgeheiztem Abgas zu erreichen, ist gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung in Strömungsrichtung vor dem mit Filterkerzen und Überströmrohren versehenen Filterraum des Partikelfilters als Eintrittskammer eine Mischkammer angeordnet. In diese Mischkammer wird zum einen vorzugsweise radial oder tangential das zu reinigende Abgas zugeführt und zum anderen vorzugsweise axial das Heißgas. Hierdurch tritt eine gute Durchmischung und damit eine gleich- mäßige Aufheizung des Abgases auf und der gesamte Filterquerschnitt wird gleichmäßig beaufschlagt. Das Heißgas kann dabei einer externen Wärmequelle entnommen werden oder das Abgas eines angesetzten Brenners sein. Die axiale Zuführung dieses Heißgases kann aber auch über einen eingangsseitig axial an der Mischkammer angeordneten Eintrittstrichter erfolgen. In dieser Mischkammer können, falls erforderlich, auch strömungslenkende Elemente, wie z.B. Leitflächen, angebracht werden.In order to achieve the most uniform possible application of the heated exhaust gas to the filter candles over the entire cross-section during the regeneration phase, a mixing chamber is arranged as an inlet chamber in the flow direction upstream of the filter chamber of the particle filter provided with filter candles and overflow pipes. The exhaust gas to be cleaned is preferably fed radially or tangentially into this mixing chamber and on the other hand preferably the hot gas axially. This results in thorough mixing and thus uniform heating of the exhaust gas and the entire filter cross-section is acted on evenly. The hot gas can be taken from an external heat source or the exhaust gas from a burner attached. However, this hot gas can also be supplied axially via an inlet funnel arranged axially on the inlet side of the mixing chamber. If necessary, flow-directing elements, such as baffles, can also be attached in this mixing chamber.

Gemäß einer Weiterführung können die Überströmrohre über mindestens einen Teil ihrer Länge Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen aufweisen, so daß den jeweils benachbarten Filterkerzen über der gesamten Länge zusätzlich Abgas zugeführt werden kann. Dabei sind die Überströmrohre bei der Anordnung ohne der Zusatzkammer hinter dem Filterabschnitt austrittsseitig verschlossen, so daß das gesamte die Überströmrohre durchströmende Abgas den Filterkerzen zugeführt wird. Um eine gleichmäßige Aufrußung und auch ein vollständiges Freibrennen zu erreichen, sind die Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen in den Überströmrohren derart angeordnet, daß die Anzahl der Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen stromab zunimmt. Gleichwertig ist natürlich auch, daß die Größe der Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen stromab zunimmt. Entscheidend ist, daß stromab mehr Abgas den Filterkerzen zugeführt wird, damit insbesondere beim Freibrennen die gesamte Länge der Filterkerzen erfaßt wird. Dieser gleichmäßigen Zuführung des Abgases dient auch die Weiterführung, nach der die Überströmrohre unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisen, z.B. in Abhängigkeit von der Abgaszuströmung aus dem Eintrittstrichter oder der Eintrittskammer, wobei die Durchmesser radial nach außen zunehmen. Eine Weiterführung zeigt das Merkmal, daß die Eintrittskammer mindestens einen Anschluß für die zu reinigenden Motorabgase und einen Anschluß für die externe Wärmezufuhr aufweist. Diese Anordnung hat gegenüber den bekannten Anordnungen, bei denen die Motorabgase und die Heißgase über einen Einlaßtrichter zugeführt werden den Vorteil, daß eine bessere Durchmischung erreicht werden kann. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, daß die Eintrittskammer einen Anschlußflansch für einen Brenner aufweist, dessen heiße Abgase den zu reinigenden Motorabgasen zugemischt werden. Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft als Brenner einen Flachbrenner zu verwenden. Ein derartiger Brenner ist beispielsweise in der DE-OS 34 10 716 beschrieben.According to a further development, the overflow pipes can have exhaust gas passage openings over at least part of their length, so that additional exhaust gas can be supplied to the respectively adjacent filter candles over the entire length. The overflow pipes are closed on the outlet side in the arrangement without the additional chamber behind the filter section, so that all of the exhaust gas flowing through the overflow pipes is fed to the filter candles. In order to achieve a uniform sooting and also a complete free burning, the exhaust gas passage openings are arranged in the overflow pipes in such a way that the number of exhaust gas passage openings increases downstream. It is of course also equivalent that the size of the exhaust gas passage openings increases downstream. It is crucial that more exhaust gas is fed to the filter candles downstream, so that the entire length of the filter candles is recorded, especially when burning free. This uniform supply of the exhaust gas also serves the continuation, according to which the overflow pipes have different diameters, for example depending on the exhaust gas inflow from the inlet funnel or the inlet chamber, the diameters increasing radially outward. A continuation shows the feature that the entry chamber has at least one connection for the engine exhaust gases to be cleaned and one connection for the external supply of heat. This arrangement has the advantage over the known arrangements in which the engine exhaust gases and the hot gases are supplied via an inlet funnel that better mixing can be achieved. It has proven to be particularly advantageous that the inlet chamber has a connecting flange for a burner, the hot exhaust gases of which are mixed with the engine exhaust gases to be cleaned. It is particularly advantageous to use a flat burner as a burner. Such a burner is described for example in DE-OS 34 10 716.

Es sind zur Einleitung des Abgases bzw. des Abgas/Heißgasgemisches in den stromab hinteren Bereich der Filterkerzen gemäß einer noch weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung in der eintrittsseitigen Halteplatte in der nicht von Filterkerzentragrohren besetzten Fläche in den Filterraum ragende Einströmrohre angeordnet. Damit ist ein gezielteres Zuleiten des Abgases zu den Filterkerzen, insbesondere in den stromab hinteren Bereich möglich, wobei gemäß einer Weiterführung diese Einströmrohre unterschiedlich weit in den Filterraum ragen. Da in der Längsachse des Gehäuses insbesondere beim Freibrennen, bei zentraler Anordnung der Heißgaszuführung z.B. durch den Brenner eine etwa kegelförmige freigebrannte Zone entsteht, d.h. im in Längsachse zentralen (Mitten-) Bereich eine tiefere Abbrennzone erfolgt, kann über die Anordnung der Einströmrohre und deren unterschiedliche Eindringtiefe in den Filterraum ein gleichmäßi- geres Freibrennen erzielt werden. In diesem Fall - also ab- hängig von dem Freibrennprofil - werden von den auf konzen- trischen Kreisen angeordneten Einströmrohren die radial Äußeren weiter in den Filterraum ragend angeordnet. Dabei können die Einströmrohre ebenfalls Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen aufweisen, die auch ungleichmäßig über die Länge der Einlaßrohre verteilt sein können.In order to introduce the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas / hot gas mixture into the downstream rear area of the filter cartridges, according to a still further embodiment of the invention, inlet pipes projecting into the filter space in the area not occupied by filter cartridge support tubes are arranged in the inlet side. This allows a more targeted supply of the exhaust gas to the filter candles, in particular in the downstream rear area, whereby according to a continuation these inflow tubes protrude to different degrees into the filter space. Since in the longitudinal axis of the housing, especially when burning free, with a central arrangement of the hot gas supply, for example through the burner, an approximately conical free-burn zone is created, i.e. there is a deeper burn-off zone in the central (central) region in the longitudinal axis, the arrangement of the inlet pipes and their different ones can be used Penetration depth into the filter chamber a more uniform free burning can be achieved. In this case - that is, depending on the free-burning profile - the inflow tubes arranged in concentric circles arrange the radially outer parts projecting further into the filter space. The inflow pipes can also have exhaust gas openings have, which can also be distributed unevenly over the length of the inlet pipes.

Die Verbesserung des Freibrennens kann auch durch eine besonders vorteilhafte Anordnung unterstützt werden, die das Merkmal aufweist, daß an mindestens einigen der Überströmrohre oder der Filterkerzentragrohre Einlaßtulpen angeformt sind. Diese werden durch eintrittsseitiges Aufweiten der entsprechenden Rohre gebildet und bewirken eine Verbesserung der Einströmung des Abgases bzw. des Abgas/Heißgasgemisches. Dadurch kann eine gewisse Steuerung des Aufrußens bzw. des Freibrennens über den Querschnitt und auch über die Länge des Filterraumes durch Verbesserung der Einströmung erreicht werden.The improvement of the free burning can also be supported by a particularly advantageous arrangement which has the feature that inlet tulips are integrally formed on at least some of the overflow pipes or the filter core support pipes. These are formed by expanding the corresponding pipes on the inlet side and improve the inflow of the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas / hot gas mixture. As a result, a certain control over the cross-section and also over the length of the filter space can be achieved by improving the inflow.

Bei der Regeneration des Partikelfilters durch Freibrennen treten Temperaturen im Bereich von > 700 °C auf. Obwohl durch die vorgenannten Merkmale eine gewisse Vergleichmäßigung der Aufrußung bzw. des Freibrennens erreicht werden kann, treten doch Spannungen auf, die zu einem Verziehen des aus den einzelnen, in Halteplatten gelagerten Filterkerzen und Überströmrohren gebildeten Filterkörpers führen. Hierzu reichen bereits relativ geringe unterschiedliche Wärmedehnungen der einzelnen Rohre aus. Diese sind schon dadurch bedingt, daß die umwickelten Filterkerzen andere Wärmeleitwerte aufweisen als die Überströmrohre. Diese Spannungen können zu einem vorzeitigen Ausfall der Parti- kelfilter führen. Die bekannten Maßnahmen, die Rohre in einer Halteplatte zu lagern, die mit einem Schiebesitz im Gehäuse befestigt ist, hat sich als nicht ausreichend erwiesen, weil bei dieser Lösung zwar der Filterblock als ganzes sich ausdehnen kann, aber die einzelnen Längenänderungen doch zu zu starken Spannungen führen. Es sind daher gemäß einer besonders zweckmäßigen Weiterbildung sowohl die Filterkerzentragrohre als auch die Überströmrohre jeweils einseitig in einem Schiebesitz in einer der Halteplatten gelagert. Damit hat jedes Rohr die Möglichkeit sich auszudehnen, ohne daß es zu Spannungen im Gesamtsystem kommt. Eine weitere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Filterkerzentragrohre und die Überströmrohre abwechselnd mit einem ausreichend dichten Schiebesitz in der eintrittsseitigen oder der austrittsseitigen Halteplatte gelagert sind. Damit ergibt sich eine besonders hohe Stabilität der Filteranordnung auch bei unterschiedlicher Temperaturbelastung, so daß im Bedarfsfall sogar für die Filterkerzentragrohre und die Überströmrohre unterschiedliche - aber natürlich jeweils wärmefeste - Werkstoffe ver- wendet werden können, z.B. Stahle unterschiedlicher Legierung.When the particle filter is regenerated by burning it free, temperatures in the range of> 700 ° C occur. Although a certain leveling of the sooting or the burning free can be achieved by the aforementioned features, tensions occur which lead to a warping of the filter body formed from the individual filter candles and overflow pipes mounted in holding plates. For this purpose, relatively small different thermal expansions of the individual pipes are sufficient. These are due to the fact that the wrapped filter cartridges have different thermal conductivities than the overflow pipes. These voltages can lead to premature failure of the particle filter. The known measures to store the pipes in a holding plate, which is fastened with a sliding seat in the housing, have not proven to be sufficient, because in this solution the filter block as a whole can expand, but the individual changes in length are too great to lead. According to a particularly expedient further education, both Filter core support tubes as well as the overflow tubes are each mounted on one side in a sliding seat in one of the holding plates. This means that every pipe can expand without causing tension in the overall system. Another expedient embodiment is characterized in that the filter core support tubes and the overflow tubes are mounted alternately with a sufficiently tight sliding seat in the inlet-side or outlet-side holding plate. This results in a particularly high stability of the filter arrangement even at different temperature loads, so that, if necessary, different - but of course heat-resistant - materials can be used even for the filter core support tubes and the overflow tubes, for example steels of different alloys.

Die Erfindung ist in den Figuren vereinfacht und schematisch in Ausführungsbeispielen dargestellt und wird im folgenden einschließlich noch weiterer Ausführungen beschrieben. Zur Vereinfachung sind dabei in den Figuren jeweils zwei Ausführungsbeispiele dargestellt.The invention is simplified in the figures and shown schematically in exemplary embodiments and is described in the following including still further explanations. For simplification, two exemplary embodiments are shown in the figures.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt eines Partikelfilters
Fig. 2
einen zugehörigen Schnitt an der Stelle A-A
Fig. 3
einen zugehörigen Schnitt an der Stelle B-B
Fig. 4
einen Längsschnitt weiterer Varianten eines Partikelfilters
Fig. 5
einen zugehörigen Schnitt an der Stelle C-C
Fig. 6
einen zugehörigen Schnitt an der Stelle D-D
Fig. 7
einen Längsschnitt weiterer Varianten des Partikelfilters.
It shows:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section of a particle filter
Fig. 2
an associated cut at point AA
Fig. 3
an associated cut at point BB
Fig. 4
a longitudinal section of further variants of a particle filter
Fig. 5
an associated section at CC
Fig. 6
an associated cut at DD
Fig. 7
a longitudinal section of further variants of the particle filter.

Der Partikelfilter besteht aus einem Gehäuse 1, in welchem zwischen einer eintrittsseitigen Halteplatte 2 und einer austrittsseitigen Halteplatte 3 der Filterraum 4 gebildet ist. Das Gehäuse 1 kann dabei einen beliebigen Querschnitt aufweisen, vorzugsweise rund oder oval. Eintrittsseitig ist vor dem Filterraum 4 eine Eintrittskammer 5 angeordnet, in die das zu reinigende Abgas des Motors über Anschlußstutzen 6, 7 - bei Zweirohranlagen - zugeführt wird. Ferner ist ein weiterer Anschluß 8 zur Zufuhr externer Wärme vorgesehen. In den Figuren ist dieser Anschluß 8 als "black box" dargestellt, da die externe Wärme sowohl weiter abliegend erzeugt und über einen Stutzen zugeführt als auch in einem an den Anschlußflansch 9 angesetzten Brenner erzeugt und unmittelbar zugeführt werden kann. Als Brenner wird dabei vorzugsweise ein Flachbrenner vorgesehen. Ein Beispiel für eine externe Wärmezufuhr zeigt die Patentanmeldung P 35 45 437.7. Eine als Flachbrenner verwendbare Anordnung zeigt beispielsweise die Patentanmeldung P 34 10 716.9. Der Eintrittskammer 5 kann auch ein - nicht dargestellter - Einlaßtrichter vorgeschaltet sein, über den dann sowohl das Motorabgas als auch die externe Wärme zugeführt wird. Die Eintrittskammer 5 ist zugleich als Mischkammer zur Mischung des zugeführten Motorabgases und der zugeführten externen Wärme als Heißgas für die Freibrennungsphase ausgebildet. Eine gute Durchmischung läßt sich z.B. durch tangentiale Einleitung eines der Medien erreichen, es können natürlich auch strömungsleitende Mittel in der Eintrittskammer 5 angeordnet sein. Der Eintrittstrichter bzw. die Eintrittskammer ist an den Filterraum 4 mittels einem Flansch (9) angeflanscht. Die Eintrittskammer 5 kann auch ein Abschnitt des Eintrittstrichters sein. Austrittsseitig schließt sich an den Filterraum 4 über eine Flanschverbindung 10 eine Austrittskammer 11 mit einem Austrittstrichter 12 an, über die das gereinigte Abgas abströmt. Der gesamte Partikelfilter ist durch eine Isolation 13 aus Wärmedämm-Material gegen Wärmeverluste durch Abstrahlung geschützt.The particle filter consists of a housing 1, in which the filter chamber 4 is formed between an inlet-side holding plate 2 and an outlet-side holding plate 3. The housing 1 can have any cross section, preferably round or oval. On the inlet side, an inlet chamber 5 is arranged in front of the filter chamber 4, into which the exhaust gas of the engine to be cleaned is fed via connecting pieces 6, 7 - in the case of two-pipe systems. Furthermore, a further connection 8 is provided for the supply of external heat. In the figures, this connection 8 is shown as a "black box", since the external heat is generated further away and supplied via a connection piece, and is also generated in a burner attached to the connection flange 9 and can be supplied directly. A flat burner is preferably provided as the burner. The patent application shows an example of an external supply of heat P 35 45 437.7. An arrangement that can be used as a flat burner is shown, for example, in patent application P 34 10 716.9. The inlet chamber 5 can also be preceded by an inlet funnel (not shown) via which both the engine exhaust gas and the external heat are then supplied. The inlet chamber 5 is at the same time designed as a mixing chamber for mixing the supplied engine exhaust gas and the supplied external heat as hot gas for the free-burning phase. Good mixing can be achieved, for example, by tangential introduction of one of the media; flow-directing means can of course also be arranged in the inlet chamber 5. The inlet funnel or the inlet chamber is flanged to the filter chamber 4 by means of a flange (9). The inlet chamber 5 can also be a section of the inlet funnel. On the outlet side, an outlet chamber 11 with an outlet funnel 12 adjoins the filter chamber 4 via a flange connection 10, via which the cleaned exhaust gas flows out. The entire particle filter is protected against heat loss through radiation by an insulation 13 made of thermal insulation material.

Der Filterraum 4 wird eintrittsseitig von der Halteplatte 2 begrenzt, austrittsseitig durch die Halteplatte 3. In diesen Halteplatten 2, 3 sind die den Filterraum 4 durchdringenden Filterkerzen 14 angeordnet. Diese bestehen aus einem Filterkerzentragrohr 15, das mit Filtermaterial 16 belegt ist. Diese Belegung kann als Wicklung oder in Form von einzelnen gewirkten Schläuchen aufgebracht sein. Die Filtertragrohre 15 weisen Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 17 auf, durch die das Abgas bzw. das Abgas/Heißgasgemisch von außen durch das Filtermaterial 16 eintreten kann. Die Filterkerzentragrohre 15 sind eintrittsseitig geschlossen und austrittsseitig offen. Die Zuführung des Abgases bzw. des Abgas/Heißgasgemisches - im folgenden nur als Abgas bezeichnet, wobei für die Freibrennphase immer ein Abgas/Heißgasgemisch verstanden wird - erfolgt gemäß Fig. 1 über Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 25 in der eintrittsseitigen Halteplatte 2. Die austrittsseitige Halteplatte 3 ist bei den beiden Anordnungen nach Fig. 1 ohne Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen ausgebildet. Nach Fig. 1 mit den Schnitten Fig. 2 und 3 sind in den beiden Halteplatten 2, 3 noch Überströmrohre 18, 19 angeordnet. Diese Überströmrohre 18, 19 sind austrittsseitig verschlossen. In der in Fig. 1 - untere Hälfte - dargestellten Ausführung sind die Überströmrohre 18 über ihrer gesamten Länge mit Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 20 versehen und weisen eine Einlaßtulpe 31 auf. Diese ist für die Einleitung des Abgases in in die Überströmrohre 18 vorteilhaft. Die Überströmrohre 18 bzw. 19 werden von innen nach außen durchströmt und leiten insbesondere in der Freibrennphase das heiße Abgas zu den Filterkerzen 14, wobei durch die Perforation der Überströmrohre 18, 19 heißes Abgas auch den stromab unteren Bereich der Filterkerzen 14 geleitet werden, wodurch ein gleichmäßiges Freibrennen erzielt wird. In Fig. 1 - obere Hälfte - sind Überströmrohre 19 dargestellt, die nur in ihrem stromabseitigen Bereich Abgasaustrittsöffnungen 21 aufweisen. Damit erfolgt insbe- sondere in der Freibrennphase die Zuführung des heißen Abgases in den stromab hinteren Bereich des Filterraumes 4 und damit zu den Filterkerzen 14, was dazu führt, daß gerade dieser Bereich, der bei einer Anordnung ohne Überströmrohre nicht freigebrannt wird, jetzt von Rußpartikeln durch Freibrennen gereinigt wird, wodurch sich die angestrebte lange Aufrußzeit ergibt. Die Anordnung der Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 21 in dem stromabseitigen Abschnitt der Überströmrohre 19 kann dabei progressiv erfolgen, d.h. es kann dem Ende des Überströmrohres 19 zu eine größere Abgasautrittsfläche erzielt werden. Dies kann entweder durch eine Progression der Anzahl oder der Größe der Abgasaustrittsöffnungen 20 erreicht werden. Die Überströmrohre 18, 19 sind so über den Querschnitt des Filterraumes 4 verteilt, daß eine möglichst gleichmäßige Beaufschlagung der Filterkerzen 14 erfolgt, d.h. daß der Abstand zu den nächstgelegenen Filterkerzen 14 kurz und jeweils gleich ist. Da das Freibrennprofil ohne Überströmrohre 18, 19 etwa Kegelform aufweist, können auch zur stärkeren Zufuhr des heißen Abgases in den Randbereich des Filterraumes 4 die Überströmrohre 18, 19 über den Querschnitt des Filterraumes 4 verteilt unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisen, nämlich außen einen größeren Durchmesser als innen.The filter chamber 4 is delimited on the inlet side by the holding plate 2, on the outlet side by the holding plate 3. The filter candles 14 penetrating the filter chamber 4 are arranged in these holding plates 2, 3. These consist of a filter core support tube 15 which is covered with filter material 16. This assignment can be applied as a winding or in the form of individual knitted hoses. The filter support pipes 15 have exhaust gas passage openings 17 through which the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas / hot gas mixture can enter from the outside through the filter material 16. The filter core support tubes 15 are closed on the inlet side and open on the outlet side. The supply of the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas / hot gas mixture - hereinafter referred to only as exhaust gas, whereby an exhaust gas / hot gas mixture is always understood for the free-burning phase - takes place according to FIG. 1 via exhaust gas passage openings 25 in the inlet-side holding plate 2. The outlet-side holding plate 3 is formed without exhaust gas passage openings in the two arrangements according to FIG. 1. According to FIG. 1 with the sections FIGS. 2 and 3, overflow pipes 18, 19 are also arranged in the two holding plates 2, 3. These overflow pipes 18, 19 are closed on the outlet side. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 - lower half - the overflow pipes 18 are provided with exhaust gas passage openings 20 over their entire length and have an inlet tulip 31. This is advantageous for the introduction of the exhaust gas into the overflow pipes 18. The overflow tubes 18 and 19 are flowed through from the inside to the outside and conduct the hot exhaust gas to the filter candles 14, in particular in the free-burning phase, whereby hot exhaust gas is also passed through the perforation of the overflow tubes 18, 19 to the downstream region of the filter candles 14, thereby causing a uniform free burning is achieved. In Fig. 1 - upper half - overflow pipes 19 are shown, which have exhaust gas outlet openings 21 only in their downstream area. In this way, in particular in the free-burning phase, the hot exhaust gas is fed into the downstream area of the filter chamber 4 and thus to the filter candles 14, which means that this area, which is not burned free in an arrangement without overflow pipes, is now free of soot particles is cleaned by burning, which results in the desired long sooting time. The arrangement of the exhaust gas passage openings 21 in the downstream section of the overflow pipes 19 can take place progressively, ie a larger exhaust gas outlet area can be achieved at the end of the overflow pipe 19. This can be done either by a progression of the number or the size of the exhaust gas outlet openings 20 can be achieved. The overflow tubes 18, 19 are distributed over the cross section of the filter chamber 4 in such a way that the filter cartridges 14 are acted on as uniformly as possible, ie that the distance to the nearest filter cartridges 14 is short and in each case the same. Since the free-burning profile without overflow tubes 18, 19 is approximately conical in shape, the overflow tubes 18, 19 can also have different diameters distributed over the cross section of the filter space 4, namely a larger diameter on the outside than the inside, for stronger supply of the hot exhaust gas in the edge region of the filter space 4.

Infolge der hohen thermischen Belastung bei dem Freibrennen mit Temperaturen in der Größenordnung von > 700 °C und der ungleichen Wärmeverteilung über dem Filterraum 4 (die Filterkerzentragrohre 15 weisen infolge der Beschichtung mit Filtermaterial 16 eine andere Temperatur auf als die Überströmrohre 18, 19) treten unterschiedliche Wärmedehnungen bei den Filterkerzen 14 und den Überströmrohren 18, 19 auf. Bei den Anordnungen der Figuren 1 bis 7 sind daher die Filterkerzentragrohre 15 und die Überströmrohre 18, 19 abwechselnd in der eintrittsseitigen Halteplatte 2 und der austrittsseitigen Halteplatte 3 mit einem ausreichend dichten Schiebesitz gelagert wegen der Gefahr des Ausströmens von Rußpartikel.Due to the high thermal load during the free burning with temperatures in the order of> 700 ° C and the uneven heat distribution over the filter chamber 4 (the filter core support tubes 15 have a different temperature than the overflow tubes 18, 19 due to the coating with filter material 16) occur differently Thermal expansion in the filter candles 14 and the overflow pipes 18, 19. In the arrangements of FIGS. 1 to 7, the filter core support tubes 15 and the overflow tubes 18, 19 are therefore mounted alternately in the inlet-side holding plate 2 and the outlet-side holding plate 3 with a sufficiently tight sliding seat because of the risk of soot particles escaping.

In der Fig. 4 mit den Schnitten Fig. 5 und 6 ist eine weitere Variante dargestellt, bei der stromab eine weitere Kammer 22 angeordnet ist. Diese wird durch einen eingesetzten Boden 23 gebildet und trägt als Resonatorkammer zu einer besseren Schalldämpfung des Partikelfilters bei, der in dem Abgasstrang einer Schalldämpferanlage integriert ist. Der Boden 23 schließt den Filterraum 4 ab und ist, wie bei den zuvor beschriebenen Varianten, als Halteplatte für die Filterkerzen 14 ausgebildet und mit Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 24 versehen. Die Überströmrohre 18, 19 münden in die weitere Kammer 22, die Filterkerzentragrohre 15 durchdringen diese weitere Kammer 22 und münden mit ihrem stromabseitig offenen Ende in der Austrittskammer 11. In der oberen Hälfte der Fig. 4 und der zugehörigen Schnitte Fig. 5 und 6 ist eine Variante mit glatten, nicht perforierten Überströmrohren 19 dargestellt. Bei dieser Ausführung ist sowohl die eintrittsseitige Halteplatte 2 als auch der als Halteplatte für die Überströmrohre 19 wirkende Boden 23 mit Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 24 bzw. 25 versehen. Bei dieser Ausführung strömt das Abgas zu einem Teil durch die Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 25 in den Filterraum 4 und von dort durch die Filterkerzen 14 in die Austrittskammer 11, zum anderen Teil durch die Überströmrohre 19 in die Kammer 22 und von dort zurück durch die Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 24 in den Filterraum 14 und von dort über die Filterkerzen 14 ab.4 with the sections FIGS. 5 and 6 shows a further variant in which a further chamber 22 is arranged downstream. This is formed by an inserted floor 23 and, as a resonator chamber, contributes to better sound absorption of the particle filter, which is integrated in the exhaust line of a silencer system. The bottom 23 closes off the filter chamber 4 and, as in the previously described variants, is a holding plate for the filter candles 14 are formed and provided with exhaust gas passage openings 24. The overflow pipes 18, 19 open into the further chamber 22, the filter core support pipes 15 penetrate this further chamber 22 and open-ended end in the outlet chamber 11. In the upper half of FIG. 4 and the associated sections FIGS. 5 and 6 a variant with smooth, non-perforated overflow pipes 19 is shown. In this embodiment, both the inlet-side holding plate 2 and the base 23 acting as a holding plate for the overflow pipes 19 are provided with exhaust gas passage openings 24 and 25, respectively. In this embodiment, the exhaust gas flows partly through the exhaust gas passage openings 25 into the filter chamber 4 and from there through the filter candles 14 into the outlet chamber 11, partly through the overflow pipes 19 into the chamber 22 and from there back through the exhaust gas passage openings 24 into the Filter chamber 14 and from there via the filter candles 14.

In der unteren Hälfte der Fig. 4 und der zugehörigen Schnitte Fig. 5 und 6 ist eine Variante dargestellt, bei welcher das Überströmrohr 18 beidseitig offen ist, eintrittsseitig eine Einlaßtulpe 31 und Abgasaustrittsöffnungen 20 aufweist. Diese Abgasaustrittsöffnungen 20 sind über der gesamten Länge des Überströmrohres 18 angeordnet, evtl. mit einer Progression stromab. In der Figur 5, untere Hälfte, sind die Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 25 nicht eingezeichnet.A variant is shown in the lower half of FIG. 4 and the associated sections FIGS. 5 and 6, in which the overflow pipe 18 is open on both sides, has an inlet tulip 31 and exhaust gas outlet openings 20 on the inlet side. These exhaust gas outlet openings 20 are arranged over the entire length of the overflow pipe 18, possibly with a progression downstream. In FIG. 5, lower half, the exhaust gas passage openings 25 are not shown.

Die Fig. 7 zeigt Varianten, bei denen die Überströmrohre 18, 19 der bisherigen Figuren ersetzt sind durch Einströmrohre 26, 27, die als verkürzte Überströmrohre ausgebildet sind. Der andere Aufbau entspricht den zuvor besprochenen Figuren, insbesondere der Figur 1 mit den dazugehörigen Schnitten nach Fig. 2 und 3. In der oberen Hälfte der Fig. 7 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, bei dem das Abgas aus der Eintrittskammer 5 zum einen Teil über die Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 25 dem Filterraum 4 zugeführt wird und zum anderen Teil über ein Einströmrohr 27, das als glattes, beidseitig offenes Rohr ausgebildet ist. Die Eindringtiefe dieses Einströmrohres 27 reicht bis mindestens zur Hälfte des Filterraumes 4. Bei den über den Querschnitt des Filterraumes 4 verteilten Einströmrohren 27 kann die Eindringtiefe jedoch variieren, wobei in den Randzonen die Eindringtiefe stromab weitergeht als z.B. bei dem in der Längsachse oder benachbart zur Längsachse angeordneten Rohr.FIG. 7 shows variants in which the overflow pipes 18, 19 of the previous figures are replaced by inflow pipes 26, 27, which are designed as shortened overflow pipes. The other structure corresponds to the figures discussed above, in particular FIG. 1 with the associated figures 2 and 3. In the upper half of FIG. 7, an embodiment is shown in which the exhaust gas from the inlet chamber 5 is supplied to the filter chamber 4 partly through the exhaust gas passage openings 25 and partly via an inflow pipe 27. which is designed as a smooth tube open on both sides. The penetration depth of this inflow tube 27 extends to at least half of the filter space 4. In the inflow tubes 27 distributed over the cross section of the filter space 4, however, the penetration depth can vary, the penetration depth going further downstream in the edge zones than, for example, that in the longitudinal axis or adjacent to the longitudinal axis arranged pipe.

In der unteren Hälfte der Fig. 7 ist eine ähnliche Variante dargestellt, bei welcher das Einströmrohr 27 Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 28 aufweist sowie eine Einlaßtulpe 31. An dem Einströmrohr 27 ist ferner eine als Düse wirkende austrittsseitige Querschnittsverminderung auf ein Endstück 29 dargestellt, mit dem die Einströmverhältnisse im Bedarfsfall verbessert werden können.In the lower half of FIG. 7, a similar variant is shown, in which the inflow pipe 27 has exhaust gas passage openings 28 and an inlet tulip 31. On the inflow pipe 27, an outlet-side cross-section reduction acting on a nozzle on an end piece 29 is also shown, with which the inflow conditions in If necessary, can be improved.

In der Fig. 6 sind noch in der eintrittsseitigen Halteplatte 2 wahlweise vorgesehene Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 30 im Randbereich der Einströmung in den Filterraum 4 dargestellt.In FIG. 6, exhaust gas through openings 30 optionally provided in the inlet-side holding plate 2 are shown in the edge region of the inflow into the filter space 4.

Allen Ausführungsbeispielen gemeinsam ist, daß über die Überströmrohre 18, 19 bzw. den Einlaßrohren 26, 27 dem mit Filterkerzen 14 bestückten Filterraum 4 während der Aufrußphase das zu reinigende Abgas - zusätzlich auch durch Abgasdurchtrittsöffnungen 25 in der eintrittsseitigen Halte- platte 2 - zugeführt wird und daß während der, bei Betrieb des Motors möglichen Freibrennphase ein Gemisch von Abgas und Heißgas, letzteres aus einer externen Wärmequelle oder einem angesetzten Brenner zugeführt wird. Damit ist eine über die ganze Länge und den ganzen Querschnitt des Partikelfilters sich erstreckende in etwa gleichmäßige Beladung und Freibrennung möglich. Insbesondere wird durch ein völliges Freibrennen des Partikelfilters eine lange Aufrußphase erreicht.It is common to all of the exemplary embodiments that the exhaust gas to be cleaned is supplied to the filter chamber 4 equipped with filter candles 14 via the overflow pipes 18, 19 and the inlet pipes 26, 27 - additionally also through exhaust gas passage openings 25 in the inlet-side holding plate 2 - and that during the possible free-burning phase during operation of the engine, a mixture of exhaust gas and hot gas, the latter from an external heat source or an attached burner is supplied. This enables an approximately uniform loading and free burning that extends over the entire length and the entire cross section of the particle filter. In particular, a long sooting phase is achieved by completely burning off the particle filter.

Claims (16)

  1. Particle filter for cleaning the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines having filter plugs which are arranged in a housing, which is provided with an inlet chamber and an outlet funnel, between holding plates of which the holding plate on the inlet side is provided with openings for exhaust gas to pass through, and are formed from a bearing tube which is provided with openings for exhaust gas to pass through and which is coated with filter material, and to which in addition heat for regeneration by combustion is supplied from a heat source, characterized in that distributed over the cross-section of the housing (1) there are arranged parallel to the bearing tubes (15), which are coated with filter material (16), and at a spacing therefrom overflow tubes (18, 19) which are mounted in at least one holding plate (2, 3) and are free of filter material.
  2. Particle filter according to Claim 1, characterized in that an overflow tube (18) is arranged in the longitudinal axis of the housing and further overflow tubes (18 and 19) are arranged concentrically with respect thereto, the number of overflow tubes (18, 19) per circle increasing towards the outside.
  3. Particle filter according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that downstream a further chamber (22) is formed by an inserted base (23), said chamber being penetrated by the tubes (15) which bear the filter material (16) and into said chamber there open overflow tubes (18, 19) which are open on the inlet side.
  4. Particle filter according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a mixing chamber (5) is arranged as an inlet chamber (as seen in the direction of flow) upstream of the filter space (4) which is provided with filter plugs (14) and overflow tubes (18, 19).
  5. Particle filter according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the overflow tubes (18, 19) have openings (20, 21) for exhaust gas to pass through over at least part of their length.
  6. Particle filter according to Claim 5, characterized in that the number of openings (20, 21) for exhaust gas to pass through increases downstream.
  7. Particle filter according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inlet chamber (5) has at least one connection (6 and 7) for the engine exhaust gases which are to be cleaned and one connection (8) for the external heat supply.
  8. Particle filter according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inlet chamber (5) has a connection flange (9) for a burner.
  9. Particle filter according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inserted base (23) has openings (24) for exhaust gas to pass through.
  10. Particle filter according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the overflow tubes (18, 19) have different diameters.
  11. Particle filter according to one of Claims 1 to 8 or 10, characterized in that inflow tubes (26, 27) which project into the filter space (4) are arranged in the holding plate (2) on the inlet side, in the area which is not occupied by filter plug bearing tubes (15).
  12. Particle filter according to Claim 11, characterized in that the inflow tubes (26, 27) project into the filter space (4) to different extents.
  13. Particle filter according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the inflow tubes (26, 27) have exhaust gas outlet openings (28).
  14. Particle filter according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that bell-type inlets (31) are integrally formed on at least some of the overflow tubes (18, 19) or the filter plug bearing tubes (14).
  15. Particle filter according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that both the filter plug bearing tubes (14) and the overflow tubes (18, 19) are each mounted on one side in a sliding seat.
  16. Particle filter according to Claim 15, characterized in that the filter plug bearing tubes (14) and the overflow tubes (18, 19) alternately have a sufficiently tight sliding seat in the holding plate (2) on the inlet side or the holding plate (3) on the outlet side.
EP91101119A 1990-02-16 1991-01-29 Particle filter regenerable by combusting for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime EP0442318B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91101119T ATE97994T1 (en) 1990-02-16 1991-01-29 BY BURNING REGENERABLE PARTICLE FILTERS FOR EXHAUST GASES FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4004861A DE4004861A1 (en) 1990-02-16 1990-02-16 Particle filter for IC engine exhaust gas
DE4004861 1990-02-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0442318A2 EP0442318A2 (en) 1991-08-21
EP0442318A3 EP0442318A3 (en) 1992-01-02
EP0442318B1 true EP0442318B1 (en) 1993-12-01

Family

ID=6400310

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91101119A Expired - Lifetime EP0442318B1 (en) 1990-02-16 1991-01-29 Particle filter regenerable by combusting for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0442318B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE97994T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4004861A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2047958T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4111029C2 (en) * 1991-04-05 1995-08-31 Eberspaecher J Particle filter for the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines that can be regenerated by free burning
DE4200100A1 (en) * 1992-01-03 1993-07-08 Ernst Apparatebau Gmbh & Co SOOT FILTER FOR DIESEL ENGINES
DE9301608U1 (en) * 1993-02-05 1993-03-25 Ernst-Apparatebau Gmbh & Co., 5800 Hagen, De
DE4309478A1 (en) * 1993-03-24 1994-09-29 Ernst Apparatebau Gmbh & Co Soot filter for diesel engines
DE4405045C2 (en) * 1994-02-17 1998-04-09 Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co Device for the thermal aftertreatment of the engine exhaust gas and its use
DE19746814A1 (en) * 1997-10-23 1999-04-29 Behr Gmbh & Co Air pump for vehicular afterburning exhaust purification system
DE102008033842A1 (en) * 2008-07-19 2010-02-18 Karl-Heinz Grywotz Automobiltechnik GmbH Particulate filter for diesel and petrol engines

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3217357A1 (en) * 1982-05-08 1983-11-10 Fa. J. Eberspächer, 7300 Esslingen DEVICE FOR REDUCING THE RUSSIAN PART IN THE EXHAUST GAS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES
US4478618A (en) * 1983-08-01 1984-10-23 General Motors Corporation Diesel exhaust particulate trap with plural filter tubes
DE3410716A1 (en) * 1984-03-23 1985-10-03 Fa. J. Eberspächer, 7300 Esslingen COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR HEATING EQUIPMENT
DE3815148A1 (en) * 1988-05-04 1989-11-16 Eberspaecher J Arrangement for mounting an exhaust gas filter in a metal housing
DE3823205A1 (en) * 1988-07-08 1990-01-11 Eberspaecher J Soot-filter plug for the purification of exhaust gases and soot-filter arrangement formed from soot-filter plugs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE97994T1 (en) 1993-12-15
ES2047958T3 (en) 1994-03-01
EP0442318A2 (en) 1991-08-21
DE4004861A1 (en) 1991-08-22
DE59100641D1 (en) 1994-01-13
EP0442318A3 (en) 1992-01-02
DE4004861C2 (en) 1992-01-16

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