EP0442154A1 - Supporting frame for containers - Google Patents

Supporting frame for containers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0442154A1
EP0442154A1 EP90200342A EP90200342A EP0442154A1 EP 0442154 A1 EP0442154 A1 EP 0442154A1 EP 90200342 A EP90200342 A EP 90200342A EP 90200342 A EP90200342 A EP 90200342A EP 0442154 A1 EP0442154 A1 EP 0442154A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pivot pin
support frame
pivot
supporting frame
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90200342A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Dipl.-Ing. Mohrmann
Jens Henrich Dipl.-Ing. Schäfertöns
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nlw Fordertechnik Ik GmbH
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Nlw Fordertechnik Ik GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Nlw Fordertechnik Ik GmbH filed Critical Nlw Fordertechnik Ik GmbH
Priority to EP90200342A priority Critical patent/EP0442154A1/en
Publication of EP0442154A1 publication Critical patent/EP0442154A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof
    • B66C1/663—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof for containers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a support frame for containers, also known as a spreader, a pivot being arranged at each of the four corners of the support frame and having two radial projections which can be adjusted into a corner fitting of the container and which, after the pivot has been rotated by 90 ° below the edge of the corner fitting so that the container can be transported by means of the supporting frame attached to a crane or the like.
  • the pivots are mounted at their upper end in a pendulum-like manner on the support frame by means of spherical bearing parts, the pivot being slightly vertically movable in its bearing.
  • a self-aligning bearing but is so heavily stressed both by the load-bearing capacities and by the bumps that occur in rough handling when touching down that it is destroyed and inoperable after a short period of operation.
  • the known pendulum-type storage also has the disadvantage that the pivot pins can remain in a corresponding inclined position after setting down a container, so that it is not even possible to accommodate another type of container without adjusting it manually.
  • the invention provides the features enumerated in claim 1.
  • the inventive design of the pendulum-type bearing for the trunnion enables damping of the impacts acting on the trunnion or on its guide element in the handling operation, without these acting on the spherical bearing which takes up the loads.
  • the bearing is therefore very easy on impact loads.
  • the spring element remains unloaded.
  • Another important advantage is that the spring element automatically returns the pivot in its raised, ie unloaded position to the central position, so that the support frame is immediately ready for use with container types with different distances between the corner fittings Transverse direction is suitable. Since manual reset is not necessary, the support frame can be used more frequently without interruption.
  • the head end of the pivot is bordered in the region of the center of the spherical bearing surfaces by an elastic rubber block attached to the support frame.
  • This design on the one hand dampens the axially effective impacts, but on the other hand, when the pivot is tilted, if it is inserted into a corner fitting and, depending on the type of container, is moved from the central position to one or the other "pendulum position", restoring forces are built up in the rubber block, which cause the pivot to return to the central position after the pivot has been released.
  • a known guide element is assigned to the pivot, which ensures an accurate mounting in the opening of a corner fitting even in the inclined position.
  • the guide element is provided with two downward-pointing fingers, under which the radial projections of the pivot lie in one rotational position, the guide element having a collar which is square in cross section and which can be displaced in a rectangular cutout of a slide plate which is in the box-shaped housing of the support frame is slidably guided at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the cutout.
  • the guide element can also be equipped with a locking bolt known per se, which projects through an axially parallel bore and is pushed up when resting on a corner fitting and locks a locking plate attached to the pivot pin against rotation. Since the locking device is part of the trunnion and its pendulum movements, the safety function is increased.
  • the corner of a box-shaped support frame shown in Fig. 1 forms a downwardly open housing 2, in which a pivot 3 is arranged.
  • a pivot 3 is arranged at the lower end of the pivot 3
  • two radially opposite projections 4 are provided with which the pivot 3 can be inserted from above into the slot-like opening of a corner fitting of a container, not shown in the drawing.
  • the projections 4 engage under the lateral edges of the corner fitting, so that the support frame 1 is positively connected to the container and this connection can be lifted and turned over by means of a crane or the like.
  • the support frame 1 is equipped with such a pivot 3 at each of the four corners, these four pivot 3 being actuated simultaneously and uniformly by means of conventional control members.
  • the vertical force acting on the trunnion 3 from the load is transmitted to the support frame 1 via an axial thrust bearing.
  • the thrust bearing is designed so that the pivot 3 is pendulum-like and axially displaceable stored on the support frame 1.
  • a bearing ring 5 is fastened to the pivot pin 3, which lies with a lower spherical bearing surface 7 on a likewise spherical bearing surface 7 of a bearing ring 6 fastened to the support frame 1.
  • This bearing allows a pendulum-like adjustment of the pivot around the spherical center point determined by the spherical bearing surfaces 7, which in the exemplary embodiment is located centrally in the head end 10 of the pivot 3.
  • the pivot 3 is also connected at its head end 10 to the support frame 1 via a spring element 11.
  • the spring element 11 is designed such that it dampens axial impacts acting on the pivot 3 and returns the pivot 3 to a perpendicular central position.
  • the spring element 11 consists of an elastic rubber block 13, which can also be an elastic plastic block or a conical spring.
  • the rubber block 13 is ring-shaped and comprises a bushing 12, into which the head end 10 of the pressure pin protrudes.
  • the rubber block 13 also has the effect that a pivot 3 rotated from the vertical central position in a pendulum-like manner is returned to the vertical central position in the unloaded state, the restoring forces acting radially on the head end 10.
  • the pivot 3 is also assigned a guide element 15, which ensures precise insertion and removal and gentle mounting of the pivot 3 in or out of the corner fitting of a container.
  • the guide element 15 has two fork-shaped downwardly directed fingers 16, under which the radial projections 4 lie in the one rotational position in which the pivot 3 is to be inserted or pulled out into the corner fitting.
  • the guide element 15 is provided with a collar 17 which has rectangular outer contours in plan (cf. FIG. 2).
  • the collar 17 is slidably mounted in a right-angled cutout 19 of a slide plate 18, it being guided by the side edges 20 and limited in its displaceability by the end edges 21.
  • the slide plate 18 is displaceable within the box-shaped housing 2 at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the cutout 19, the side edges 22 being guided and the end edges 23 limiting the displaceability.
  • the pivot pin 3 is guided at its lower end, a pendulum movement in any horizontal direction being possible within the aforementioned displacement limits and the guide element 15 remaining secured against rotation.
  • the pivot 3 is also provided with a locking device which prevents the pivot 3 from being rotated when a container hangs on the support frame 1.
  • the locking device includes a side arm 24 attached to the guide element 15 with a bore 25 through which the lower end of a locking bolt 26 projects.
  • the locking bolt 26 running parallel to the pivot 3 is guided from its upper end in a bore 27 of the bearing ring 6. So that the locking bolt 26 can participate in the oscillating movements of the pivot pin 3, the bores 24 and 27 are conical.
  • the locking bolt 26 is provided with a segment-shaped cutout 28, which is fastened to the pivot 3, in the outline approximately sector-shaped groove gel plate 29 interacts. At the edge of the locking plate 29, offset by 90 °, two edge incisions 30 with support surfaces 31 are arranged.
  • the locking plate 29 can be freely rotated through the cutout 28.
  • the locking bolt 26 is without support, that is to say free, it falls with the shoulder located over the cutout 28 in one of the edge incisions 30 as far as the support surface 31 and locks the pivot pin 3 in the one rotational position in which the projections 4 are under the fingers 16 lie, or in the other, rotated by 90 °, in which the projections 4 are in their gripping position.
  • the spring element 11 can also be designed differently and arranged at a different location, or a plurality of spring elements 11 can be provided, which take over the damping and / or resetting function.
  • This also includes an embodiment in which an elastic rubber ring is arranged between the contact surfaces of the thrust bearing, these contact surfaces being conical instead of a spherical shape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

A supporting frame (1) for containers is described, a pivot pin (3) being arranged at the four corners of the supporting frame, which pivot pin (3) has two radial projections (4) which can be inserted into a corner fitting of the container and which, after the pivot pin (3) is turned through 90 DEG , reach beneath the edge of the corner fitting so that the container can be transported by means of the supporting frame (1) attached to a crane or the like. So that the supporting frame (1) is constantly ready for use for container types in which the distance of the pivot pins (3) beyond the container width varies and so that shock loads are dampened, each pivot pin (3) is mounted like a pendulum and in an axially displaceable manner on the supporting frame (1), in the course of which a bearing ring (5) fastened to the pivot pin (3) bears with a bottom spherical bearing surface (7) on a corresponding bearing surface (7) of a bearing ring (6) attached to the supporting frame (1). Furthermore, each pivot pin (3) is connected to the supporting frame (1) by a spring element (11) which dampens axial shocks and resets the unloaded pivot pin (3) in a perpendicular centre position. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen auch als Spreader bezeichneten Tragrahmen für Container, wobei an jeder der vier Ecken des Tragrahmens ein Drehzapfen angeordnet ist, der zwei radia­le, in einen Eckbeschlag des Containers einstellbare Vor­sprünge aufweist, die nach einer Verdrehung des Drehzapfens um 90° unter die Kante des Eckbeschlages greifen, so daß der Container mittels des an einem Kran o. dgl. angebrach­ten Tragrahmens transportiert werden kann.The invention relates to a support frame for containers, also known as a spreader, a pivot being arranged at each of the four corners of the support frame and having two radial projections which can be adjusted into a corner fitting of the container and which, after the pivot has been rotated by 90 ° below the edge of the corner fitting so that the container can be transported by means of the supporting frame attached to a crane or the like.

Das Umschlagen solcher Großcontainer bereitet dadurch Schwierigkeiten, daß zwei Containertypen Verwendung finden, die einen unterschiedlichen Abstand zwischen den Eckbe­schlägen über die Breite des Containers haben. Während die­ser Abstand bei den ISO-genormten Containern 2,260 m be­trägt, beträgt er bei den sogenannten Sealand-Containern 2,285 m. Ähnliche Schwierigkeiten treten auf, wenn die Eck­beschläge oder die Rahmen beschädigt sind. Um für das Um­schlagen nicht zwei verschiedene Tragrahmentypen bereithal­ten zu müssen, sind Tragrahmen bekannt geworden, die für beide Containertypen verwendbar sein sollen. Aus der DE-PS 22 15 690 ist eine Ausführung bekannt, bei der ein gemit­telter Abstand von 2,275 m vorgesehen ist und die Drehzap­fen mit einem Führungselement versehen sind, welches das Einführen der Drehzapfen in die Öffnung der Eckbeschläge verschiedener Containertypen erleichtern soll, oder auch wenn diese beschädigt sind. Bei dem in der DE-OS 29 40 116 beschriebenen Tragrahmen sind die Drehzapfen an ihrem obe­ren Ende mittels kugelförmiger Lagerteile pendelartig am Tragrahmen gelagert, wobei der Drehzapfen in seinem Lager geringfügig vertikal beweglich ist. Ein solches Pendellager wird aber sowohl durch die Tragkräfte wie auch durch die im rauhen Umschlagbetrieb beim Aufsetzen vorkommenden Stöße so stark beansprucht, daß es nach kurzer Betriebsdauer zer­stört und funktionsunfähig ist. Die bekannte pendelartige Lagerung hat außerdem den Nachteil, daß die Drehzapfen nach dem Absetzen eines Containers in einer entsprechenden Schräglage verbleiben können, so daß die Aufnahme eines an­deren Containertyps ohne deren Verstellung von Hand gar nicht möglich ist. Um die beim rauhen Umschlagbetrieb auf­tretenden Stoßbelastungen zu dämpfen, ist in der DE-PS 22 27 823 vorgeschlagen worden, den Drehzapfen in einem Lager­körper anzuordnen, der in einem Gehäuse axial verschiebbar ist und auf den Drehzapfen oder den Lagerkörper einwirkende Stoßkräfte auf einen elastischen Gummiblock überträgt, in dem die kinetische Energie weitgehend aufgezehrt werden soll. Diese Ausführung kann freilich nicht für unterschied­liche Containertypen verwendet werden.The handling of such large containers is difficult because two types of containers are used, which have a different distance between the corner fittings across the width of the container. While this distance is 2,260 m for the ISO-standardized containers, it is 2,285 m for the so-called Sealand containers. Similar difficulties arise when the corner fittings or the frames are damaged. In order not to have two different types of support frame ready for handling, support frames have become known which should be usable for both types of containers. From DE-PS 22 15 690 an embodiment is known in which an average distance of 2.275 m is provided and the pivots are provided with a guide element which is intended to facilitate the insertion of the pivots into the opening of the corner fittings of different container types, or even if they are damaged. In the support frame described in DE-OS 29 40 116, the pivots are mounted at their upper end in a pendulum-like manner on the support frame by means of spherical bearing parts, the pivot being slightly vertically movable in its bearing. Such a self-aligning bearing but is so heavily stressed both by the load-bearing capacities and by the bumps that occur in rough handling when touching down that it is destroyed and inoperable after a short period of operation. The known pendulum-type storage also has the disadvantage that the pivot pins can remain in a corresponding inclined position after setting down a container, so that it is not even possible to accommodate another type of container without adjusting it manually. In order to dampen the shock loads occurring during rough handling operations, it has been proposed in DE-PS 22 27 823 to arrange the pivot in a bearing body which is axially displaceable in a housing and transmits impact forces acting on the pivot or the bearing body to an elastic rubber block in which the kinetic energy is to be largely consumed. Of course, this version cannot be used for different container types.

Zur Ausbildung eines Tragrahmens für Container, der sowohl bei ständiger Funktionsbereitschaft für verschiedene Con­tainertypen brauchbar ist wie auch auftretende Stoßbela­stungen zu dämpfen vermag, sieht die Erfindung die im An­spruch 1 aufgezählten Merkmale vor.In order to form a support frame for containers, which can be used for various container types with constant operational readiness as well as being able to dampen occurring shock loads, the invention provides the features enumerated in claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des pendelartigen Lagers für den Drehzapfen ermöglicht eine Dämpfung der im Um­schlagbetrieb auf den Drehzapfen oder auf dessen Führungs­element einwirkenden Stöße, ohne daß diese das die Tragla­sten aufnehmende kalottenförmige Lager beaufschlagen. Das Lager wird daher bei Stoßbeanspruchung sehr geschont. Bei einer Lastaufnahme hingegen, in der die Kraftrichtung umge­kehrt ist, bleibt das Federelement unbeaufschlagt. Ein wei­terer wesentlicher Vorteil besteht darin, daß das Federele­ment den Drehzapfen in dessen abgehobener, d.h. unbelaste­ter Lage in die Mittellage automatisch zurückstellt, so daß der Tragrahmen sofort für den Gebrauch bei den Containerty­pen mit unterschiedlichen Abständen der Eckbeschläge in Querrichtung geeignet ist. Da ein Rückstellen von Hand ent­fällt, kann der Tragrahmen ohne Unterbrechung häufiger zum Einsatz gelangen.The inventive design of the pendulum-type bearing for the trunnion enables damping of the impacts acting on the trunnion or on its guide element in the handling operation, without these acting on the spherical bearing which takes up the loads. The bearing is therefore very easy on impact loads. In contrast, when the load is picked up, in which the direction of force is reversed, the spring element remains unloaded. Another important advantage is that the spring element automatically returns the pivot in its raised, ie unloaded position to the central position, so that the support frame is immediately ready for use with container types with different distances between the corner fittings Transverse direction is suitable. Since manual reset is not necessary, the support frame can be used more frequently without interruption.

Wenngleich ein oder mehrere Federelemente an verschiedenen Stellen zwischen dem Drehzapfen und dem Tragrahmen bzw. einem den Drehzapfen aufnehmendem Gehäuse angeordnet sein können, wird bei einer bevorzugten Ausführung das Kopfende des Drehzapfens im Bereich des Mittelpunkts der kalotten­förmigem Lagerflächen von einem am Tragrahmen angebrachten elastischen Gummiblock eingefaßt. Durch diese Ausbildung werden einerseits die axial wirksamen Stöße gedämpft, ande­rerseits werden aber beim Schrägstellen des Drehzapfens, wenn dieser in einen Eckbeschlag eingeführt und dabei je nach Containertyp aus der Mittellage in die eine oder die andere "Pendelstellung" gebracht wird, im Gummiblock Rück­stellkräfte aufgebaut, welche nach einer Freigabe des Dreh­zapfens dessen Rückstellung in die Mittellage bewirken.Although one or more spring elements can be arranged at different points between the pivot and the support frame or a housing accommodating the pivot, in a preferred embodiment the head end of the pivot is bordered in the region of the center of the spherical bearing surfaces by an elastic rubber block attached to the support frame. This design on the one hand dampens the axially effective impacts, but on the other hand, when the pivot is tilted, if it is inserted into a corner fitting and, depending on the type of container, is moved from the central position to one or the other "pendulum position", restoring forces are built up in the rubber block, which cause the pivot to return to the central position after the pivot has been released.

Zweckmäßig ist dem Drehzapfen ein an sich bekanntes Füh­rungselement zugeordnet, welches auch in der Schräglage eine genaue Halterung in der Öffnung eines Eckbeschlages sicherstellt. Hierfür ist das Führungselement mit zwei nach unten weisenden Fingern versehen, unter welche die radialen Vorsprünge des Drehzapfens in der einen Drehlage liegen, wobei das Führungselement einen im Querschnitt quadrati­schen Kragen besitzt, der in einem rechtwinkligen Ausschnitt einer Schieberplatte verschiebbar ist, die in dem kastenför­migen Gehäuse des Tragrahmens rechtwinklig zur Längsachse des Ausschnitts verschiebbar geführt ist. Durch diese Aus­bildung wird der untere Teil des Drehzapfens bei jeder Pen­delbewegung geführt. In vorteilhafter Weise kann auch das Führungselement mit einem an sich bekannten Riegelbolzen aus­gestattet sein, der durch eine achsparallele Bohrung ragt und bei einer Auflage auf einem Eckbeschlag hochgeschoben wird und eine am Drehzapfen angebrachte Riegelplatte gegen Verdrehung verriegelt. Da die Riegeleinrichtung Bestandteil des Drehzapfens ist und dessen Pendelbewegungen mitmacht, wird die Sicherheitsfunktion erhöht.Appropriately, a known guide element is assigned to the pivot, which ensures an accurate mounting in the opening of a corner fitting even in the inclined position. For this purpose, the guide element is provided with two downward-pointing fingers, under which the radial projections of the pivot lie in one rotational position, the guide element having a collar which is square in cross section and which can be displaced in a rectangular cutout of a slide plate which is in the box-shaped housing of the support frame is slidably guided at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the cutout. With this design, the lower part of the pivot is guided with every pendulum movement. Advantageously, the guide element can also be equipped with a locking bolt known per se, which projects through an axially parallel bore and is pushed up when resting on a corner fitting and locks a locking plate attached to the pivot pin against rotation. Since the locking device is part of the trunnion and its pendulum movements, the safety function is increased.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung bei­spielsweise dargestellt; es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 den in einer Ecke eines Tragrahmens für Container angeordneten Drehzapfen mit den zugeordneten Bau­teilen in einem lotrechten Schnitt,
  • Fig. 2 den Gegenstand der Fig. 1 in einem Schnitt nach Li­nie B-B und
  • Fig. 3 den Gegenstand der Fig. 1 in einem Schnitt nach Li­nie A-A.
The object of the invention is shown in the drawing, for example; it shows:
  • 1 the pivot arranged in a corner of a support frame for containers with the associated components in a vertical section,
  • Fig. 2 shows the subject of Fig. 1 in a section along line BB and
  • Fig. 3 shows the subject of Fig. 1 in a section along line AA.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ecke eines kastenförmigen Trag­rahmens bildet ein nach unten offenes Gehäuse 2, in dem ein Drehzapfen 3 angeordnet ist. Am unteren Ende des Drehzap­fens 3 sind zwei radial entgegengesetzt gerichtete Vor­sprünge 4 vorgesehen, mit denen der Drehzapfen 3 von oben her in die schlitzartige Öffnung eines in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Eckbeschlages eines Containers einsteckbar ist. Nach einer Verdrehung des Drehzapfens 3 um 90° greifen die Vorsprünge 4 unter die seitlichen Kanten des Eckbeschlages, so daß der Tragrahmen 1 mit dem Container formschlüssig verbunden ist und dieser Verbund mittels eines Krans o. dgl. angehoben und umgeschlagen werden kann. Hierfür ist der Tragrahmen 1 an jeder der vier Ecken mit einem solchen Drehzapfen 3 ausgerüstet, wobei diese vier Drehzapfen 3 mittels üblicher Steuerorgane gleichzeitig und gleichförmig betätigt werden.The corner of a box-shaped support frame shown in Fig. 1 forms a downwardly open housing 2, in which a pivot 3 is arranged. At the lower end of the pivot 3, two radially opposite projections 4 are provided with which the pivot 3 can be inserted from above into the slot-like opening of a corner fitting of a container, not shown in the drawing. After turning the pivot 3 by 90 °, the projections 4 engage under the lateral edges of the corner fitting, so that the support frame 1 is positively connected to the container and this connection can be lifted and turned over by means of a crane or the like. For this purpose, the support frame 1 is equipped with such a pivot 3 at each of the four corners, these four pivot 3 being actuated simultaneously and uniformly by means of conventional control members.

Die von der Last auf den Drehzapfen 3 einwirkende lotrechte Kraft wird über ein Axialdrucklager auf den Tragrahmen 1 übertragen. Das Axialdrucklager ist so ausgebildet, daß der Drehzapfen 3 pendelartig und axial nach oben verschiebbar am Tragrahmen 1 lagert. Hierfür ist am Drehzapfen 3 ein La­gerring 5 befestigt, der mit einer unteren kalottenförmig ausgebildeten Lagerfläche 7 auf einer ebenso kalottenförmig gestalteten Lagerfläche 7 eines am Tragrahmen 1 befestigten Lagerrings 6 aufliegt. Dieses Lager erlaubt eine pendelar­tige Verstellung des Drehzapfens um den von den kalottenför­migen Lagerflächen 7 bestimmten Kugelmittelpunkt, der sich beim Ausführungsbeispiel mittig in dem Kopfende 10 des Drehzapfens 3 befindet. Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, ist die Bohrung des Lagerringes 6, durch welche der Drehzapfen 3 führt, für eine Pendelbewegung ausreichend groß. Die axiale Verschieb­barkeit des Drehzapfens 3 wird dadurch geschaffen, daß die­se von dem am Tragrahmen 1 angebrachten Lagerring 6 abheb­bar ist. Zur Verdrehung des Drehzapfens 3 um 90° ist an dessen Lagerring 5 ein Dreharm 8 angeformt, an den eine Steuerstange 9 angelenkt ist.The vertical force acting on the trunnion 3 from the load is transmitted to the support frame 1 via an axial thrust bearing. The thrust bearing is designed so that the pivot 3 is pendulum-like and axially displaceable stored on the support frame 1. For this purpose, a bearing ring 5 is fastened to the pivot pin 3, which lies with a lower spherical bearing surface 7 on a likewise spherical bearing surface 7 of a bearing ring 6 fastened to the support frame 1. This bearing allows a pendulum-like adjustment of the pivot around the spherical center point determined by the spherical bearing surfaces 7, which in the exemplary embodiment is located centrally in the head end 10 of the pivot 3. 1 shows, the bore of the bearing ring 6, through which the pivot 3 leads, is sufficiently large for a pendulum movement. The axial displaceability of the pivot pin 3 is created in that it can be lifted off the bearing ring 6 attached to the support frame 1. To rotate the pivot 3 by 90 °, a pivot arm 8 is formed on the bearing ring 5, to which a control rod 9 is articulated.

Der Drehzapfen 3 ist weiterhin an seinem Kopfende 10 über ein Federelement 11 mit dem Tragrahmen 1 verbunden. Das Fe­derelement 11 ist so ausgebildet, daß es auf den Drehzapfen 3 einwirkende axiale Stöße dämpft und den Drehzapfen 3 in eine lotrechte Mittellage zurückstellt. Beim Ausführungs­beispiel besteht das Federelement 11 aus einem elastischen Gummiblock 13, der aber auch ein elastischer Kunststoff­block oder eine Kegelfeder sein kann. Der Gummiblock 13 ist ringförmig ausgebildet und umfaßt eine Buchse 12, in welche das Kopfende 10 des Druckzapfens hineinragt. Außerdem ist zwischen dem oberen Ende der Buchse 12 und der Wand des Tragrahmens 1, gegen welche der Gummiblock 13 anliegt, ein Hohlraum 14, der eine Axialverschiebung des Drehzapfens 3 nach oben zuläßt. Stöße, die beim harten Absetzen des Trag­rahmens 1 auf die Drehzapfen 3 einwirken, werden durch den Gummiblock 13 gedämpft. Der Gummiblock 13 bewirkt weiter­hin, daß ein aus der lotrechten Mittellage pendelartig ver­drehter Drehzapfen 3 im unbelasteten Zustand wieder in die lotrechte Mittellage zurückgestellt wird, wobei die Rück­stellkräfte radial auf das Kopfende 10 einwirken.The pivot 3 is also connected at its head end 10 to the support frame 1 via a spring element 11. The spring element 11 is designed such that it dampens axial impacts acting on the pivot 3 and returns the pivot 3 to a perpendicular central position. In the exemplary embodiment, the spring element 11 consists of an elastic rubber block 13, which can also be an elastic plastic block or a conical spring. The rubber block 13 is ring-shaped and comprises a bushing 12, into which the head end 10 of the pressure pin protrudes. In addition, between the upper end of the bushing 12 and the wall of the support frame 1, against which the rubber block 13 rests, there is a cavity 14 which allows the pivot 3 to be axially displaced upwards. Shocks that act on the pivot 3 when the support frame 1 is set down hard are dampened by the rubber block 13. The rubber block 13 also has the effect that a pivot 3 rotated from the vertical central position in a pendulum-like manner is returned to the vertical central position in the unloaded state, the restoring forces acting radially on the head end 10.

Dem Drehzapfen 3 ist weiterhin ein Führungselement 15 zuge­ordnet, welches für ein genaues Einführen und Herausziehen und eine schonende Halterung des Drehzapfens 3 in den bzw. aus dem Eckbeschlag eines Containers Sorge trägt. Das Füh­rungselement 15 besitzt zwei gabelförmige nach unten ge­richtete Finger 16, unter denen die radialen Vorsprünge 4 in der einen Drehlage liegen, in der der Drehzapfen 3 in den Eckbeschlag eingeführt oder herausgezogen werden soll. Das Führungselement 15 ist mit einem Kragen 17 versehen, der im Grundriß rechteckige Außenkonturen aufweist (vgl. Fig. 2). Der Kragen 17 ist in einem rechtwinkligen Ausschnitt 19 einer Schieberplatte 18 verschiebbar gelagert, wobei er von den Seitenrändern 20 geführt wird und von den Stirnrändern 21 in seiner Verschiebbarkeit begrenzt wird. Die Schieber­platte 18 ist innerhalb des kastenförmigen Gehäuses 2 recht­winklig zur Längsachse des Ausschnitts 19 verschiebbar, wo­bei die Seitenränder 22 geführt werden und die Stirnränder 23 die Verschiebbarkeit begrenzen. Durch diese Mittel wird der Drehzapfen 3 an seinem unteren Ende geführt, wobei in­nerhalb der erwähnten Verschiebungsgrenzen eine Pendelbewe­gung in jeder Horizontalrichtung möglich ist und das Füh­rungselement 15 gegen Drehung gesichert bleibt.The pivot 3 is also assigned a guide element 15, which ensures precise insertion and removal and gentle mounting of the pivot 3 in or out of the corner fitting of a container. The guide element 15 has two fork-shaped downwardly directed fingers 16, under which the radial projections 4 lie in the one rotational position in which the pivot 3 is to be inserted or pulled out into the corner fitting. The guide element 15 is provided with a collar 17 which has rectangular outer contours in plan (cf. FIG. 2). The collar 17 is slidably mounted in a right-angled cutout 19 of a slide plate 18, it being guided by the side edges 20 and limited in its displaceability by the end edges 21. The slide plate 18 is displaceable within the box-shaped housing 2 at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the cutout 19, the side edges 22 being guided and the end edges 23 limiting the displaceability. By means of these means, the pivot pin 3 is guided at its lower end, a pendulum movement in any horizontal direction being possible within the aforementioned displacement limits and the guide element 15 remaining secured against rotation.

Der Drehzapfen 3 ist weiterhin mit einer Riegeleinrichtung versehen, die verhindert, daß der Drehzapfen 3 verdreht werden kann, wenn ein Container am Tragrahmen 1 hängt. Zur Riegeleinrichtung gehört ein am Führungselement 15 ange­brachter Seitenarm 24 mit einer Bohrung 25, durch welche das untere Ende eines Riegelbolzens 26 ragt. Der parallel zum Drehzapfen 3 verlaufende Riegelbolzen 26 wird von sei­nem oberen Ende in einer Bohrung 27 des Lagerrings 6 ge­führt. Damit der Riegelbolzen 26 die Pendelbewegungen des Drehzapfens 3 mitmachen kann, sind die Bohrungen 24 und 27 konisch ausgebildet. Der Riegelbolzen 26 ist mit einem seg­mentförmigen Ausschnitt 28 versehen, der mit einer am Dreh­zapfen 3 befestigten, im Grundriß etwa sektorförmigen Rie­ gelplatte 29 zusammenwirkt. Am Rand der Riegelplatte 29 sind, um 90° versetzt, zwei Randeinschnitte 30 mit Stütz­flächen 31 angeordnet. Wird der Riegelbolzen 26 durch Auf­lage auf einen Eckbeschlag eines Containers hochgeschoben, kann die Riegelplatte 29 frei durch den Ausschnitt 28 ver­dreht werden. Ist der Riegelbolzen 26 jedoch ohne Auflage, also frei, fällt er mit der über den Ausschnitt 28 befind­lichen Schulter in einem der Randeinschnitte 30 bis auf die Stützfläche 31 und verriegelt den Drehzapfen 3 in der einen Drehlage, in der die Vorsprünge 4 unter den Fingern 16 lie­gen, oder in der anderen, um 90° versetzten Drehlage, in der die Vorsprünge 4 sich in ihrer Greiflage befinden.The pivot 3 is also provided with a locking device which prevents the pivot 3 from being rotated when a container hangs on the support frame 1. The locking device includes a side arm 24 attached to the guide element 15 with a bore 25 through which the lower end of a locking bolt 26 projects. The locking bolt 26 running parallel to the pivot 3 is guided from its upper end in a bore 27 of the bearing ring 6. So that the locking bolt 26 can participate in the oscillating movements of the pivot pin 3, the bores 24 and 27 are conical. The locking bolt 26 is provided with a segment-shaped cutout 28, which is fastened to the pivot 3, in the outline approximately sector-shaped groove gel plate 29 interacts. At the edge of the locking plate 29, offset by 90 °, two edge incisions 30 with support surfaces 31 are arranged. If the locking bolt 26 is pushed up by resting on a corner fitting of a container, the locking plate 29 can be freely rotated through the cutout 28. However, if the locking bolt 26 is without support, that is to say free, it falls with the shoulder located over the cutout 28 in one of the edge incisions 30 as far as the support surface 31 and locks the pivot pin 3 in the one rotational position in which the projections 4 are under the fingers 16 lie, or in the other, rotated by 90 °, in which the projections 4 are in their gripping position.

Alternativ zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel kann das Federelement 11 auch anders ausgebildet und an anderer Stelle angeordnet sein, oder es können mehrere Federelemente 11 vorgesehen werden, welche die Dämpfungs- und/oder Rückstellfunktion übernehmen. Dazu gehört auch eine Ausführung, bei der ein elastischer Gummiring zwischen den Auflageflächen des Axi­al-drucklagers angeordnet ist, wobei diese Auflageflächen anstelle einer Kalottenform konisch ausgebildet sein kön­nen.As an alternative to the exemplary embodiment, the spring element 11 can also be designed differently and arranged at a different location, or a plurality of spring elements 11 can be provided, which take over the damping and / or resetting function. This also includes an embodiment in which an elastic rubber ring is arranged between the contact surfaces of the thrust bearing, these contact surfaces being conical instead of a spherical shape.

Claims (4)

1. Tragrahmen für Container mit folgenden Merkmalen: (a) jede der vier Ecken des Tragrahmens (1) ist mit einem Drehzapfen (3) versehen, der zwei radiale, in einem Eckbeschlag des Containers einsteckbare Vor­sprünge (4) aufweist, die nach einer Verdrehung des Drehzapfens (3) unter die Kante des Eckbeschlags greifen, (b) jeder Drehzapfen (3) ist pendelartig und axial ver­schiebbar am Tragrahmen (1) gelagert, wobei ein am Drehzapfen (3) befestigter Lagerring (5) mit einer unteren kalottenförmigen Lagerfläche (7) auf einer entsprechenden Lagerfläche (7) eines am Tragrahmen (1) angebrachten Lagerrings (6) aufliegt, (c) jeder Drehzapfen (3) ist durch zumindest ein Feder­element (11) mit dem Tragrahmen (1) verbunden, das axiale Stöße dämpft und den unbelasteten Drehzapfen (3) in eine Mittellage zurückstellt. 1. Support frame for containers with the following features: (a) each of the four corners of the support frame (1) is provided with a pivot (3) which has two radial projections (4) which can be inserted into a corner fitting of the container and which, after a rotation of the pivot (3), under the edge of the Grab corner fittings, (b) each pivot pin (3) is mounted in a pendulum-like and axially displaceable manner on the support frame (1), a bearing ring (5) attached to the pivot pin (3) having a lower spherical bearing surface (7) on a corresponding bearing surface (7) on the support frame (1) attached bearing ring (6) rests, (c) each pivot pin (3) is connected to the supporting frame (1) by at least one spring element (11), which dampens axial shocks and returns the unloaded pivot pin (3) to a central position. 2. Tragrahmen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kopfende (10) des Drehzapfens (3) im Bereich des Mittelpunktes der kalottenförmigen Lagerflächen (7) von einem am Tragrahmen (1) angebrachten Gummiblock (13) eingefaßt wird.2. Support frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the head end (10) of the pivot (3) in the region of the center of the spherical bearing surfaces (7) by a support frame (1) attached rubber block (13) is bordered. 3. Tragrahmen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß der Drehzapfen (3) durch ein Führungselement (15) ragt, das mit zwei nach unten weisenden Fingern (16) versehen ist, unter welche die radialen Vorsprünge (4) des Drehzapfens (3) in der einen Drehlage liegen, wobei das Führungselement (15) einen im Querschnitt quadrati­schen Kragen (17) besitzt, der in einem rechtwinkligen Ausschnitt (19) einer Schieberplatte (18) verschiebbar ist, die in einem kastenförmigen Gehäuse (2) des Tragrah­mens (1) rechtwinklig zur Längsachse des Ausschnitts (19) verschiebbar geführt ist.3. Support frame according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pivot pin (3) protrudes through a guide element (15) which is provided with two downwardly pointing fingers (16), under which the radial projections (4) of the pivot pin ( 3) are in one rotational position, whereby the guide element (15) has a collar (17) which is square in cross section and which can be displaced in a right-angled cutout (19) of a slide plate (18) which is in a box-shaped housing (2) of the support frame (1) at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the cutout ( 19) is guided. 4. Tragrahmen nach einer der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß das Führungselement (15) mit einem Rie­gelbolzen (26) versehen ist, der durch eine achsparalle­le Bohrung (27) ragt, in dieser Lage eine am Drehzapfen (3) angebrachte Riegelplatte (29) gegen Verdrehung sperrt und bei einer Auflage auf einem Eckbeschlag hochgescho­ben wird und die Sperrwirkung aufhebt.4. Support frame according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the guide element (15) is provided with a locking bolt (26) which projects through an axially parallel bore (27), in this position a locking plate on the pivot pin (3) (29) locks against twisting and is pushed up when resting on a corner fitting and cancels the locking effect.
EP90200342A 1990-02-14 1990-02-14 Supporting frame for containers Withdrawn EP0442154A1 (en)

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EP90200342A EP0442154A1 (en) 1990-02-14 1990-02-14 Supporting frame for containers

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EP90200342A EP0442154A1 (en) 1990-02-14 1990-02-14 Supporting frame for containers

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2294027A (en) * 1994-10-13 1996-04-17 Natsteel Engineering Pte Ltd A shock absorption assembly for container spreader
WO2003037775A1 (en) * 2001-10-29 2003-05-08 Gimetsi Oy Apparatus for a locking unit of a container spreader
EP2341029A2 (en) 2009-12-30 2011-07-06 Noell Mobile Systems GmbH Lifting device with a twistlock assembly
EP4086129A4 (en) * 2019-12-31 2024-01-10 CRRC Yangtze Co., Ltd. Lifting frame, air transportation vehicle, and air rail container transportation method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3677599A (en) * 1970-11-06 1972-07-18 Vickers Haskins Pty Ltd Self aligning latching mechanism on a cargo container spreader
US3724891A (en) * 1970-04-21 1973-04-03 Rubery Owen & Co Ltd Suspension means for load handling equipment
DE2227823A1 (en) * 1972-06-08 1973-12-20 Kocks Gmbh Friedrich LOAD LIFTING DEVICE FOR LIFTING DEVICES, IN PARTICULAR SPREADER FOR CONTAINER LIFTING DEVICES
GB2216492A (en) * 1988-03-22 1989-10-11 Stinis Jr Krimpen Holding B V Actuation of locking members of spreader.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3724891A (en) * 1970-04-21 1973-04-03 Rubery Owen & Co Ltd Suspension means for load handling equipment
US3677599A (en) * 1970-11-06 1972-07-18 Vickers Haskins Pty Ltd Self aligning latching mechanism on a cargo container spreader
DE2227823A1 (en) * 1972-06-08 1973-12-20 Kocks Gmbh Friedrich LOAD LIFTING DEVICE FOR LIFTING DEVICES, IN PARTICULAR SPREADER FOR CONTAINER LIFTING DEVICES
GB2216492A (en) * 1988-03-22 1989-10-11 Stinis Jr Krimpen Holding B V Actuation of locking members of spreader.

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2294027A (en) * 1994-10-13 1996-04-17 Natsteel Engineering Pte Ltd A shock absorption assembly for container spreader
WO1996011873A1 (en) * 1994-10-13 1996-04-25 Natsteel Engineering Pte Ltd. A shock absorption assembly for a spreader
GB2294027B (en) * 1994-10-13 1997-12-03 Natsteel Engineering Pte Ltd A shock absorption assembly for a spreader
WO2003037775A1 (en) * 2001-10-29 2003-05-08 Gimetsi Oy Apparatus for a locking unit of a container spreader
US7128353B2 (en) 2001-10-29 2006-10-31 Kci Konecranes Plc. Apparatus for a locking unit of a container spreader
EP2341029A2 (en) 2009-12-30 2011-07-06 Noell Mobile Systems GmbH Lifting device with a twistlock assembly
DE102009055407A1 (en) * 2009-12-30 2011-07-07 Noell Mobile Systems GmbH, 97080 Hoist with a twistlock assembly
EP2341029A3 (en) * 2009-12-30 2011-10-05 Noell Mobile Systems GmbH Lifting device with a twistlock assembly
EP4086129A4 (en) * 2019-12-31 2024-01-10 CRRC Yangtze Co., Ltd. Lifting frame, air transportation vehicle, and air rail container transportation method

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