EP0438416A1 - Procede et appareil ameliorant la combustion et l'efficacite opertionelle dans un four de fonte de verre - Google Patents

Procede et appareil ameliorant la combustion et l'efficacite opertionelle dans un four de fonte de verre

Info

Publication number
EP0438416A1
EP0438416A1 EP89909255A EP89909255A EP0438416A1 EP 0438416 A1 EP0438416 A1 EP 0438416A1 EP 89909255 A EP89909255 A EP 89909255A EP 89909255 A EP89909255 A EP 89909255A EP 0438416 A1 EP0438416 A1 EP 0438416A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lance
furnace
glass
oxygen
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89909255A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Petersson
Mark Payne
Howard Hubert
Robert Strosnider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGA AB
Original Assignee
AGA AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AGA AB filed Critical AGA AB
Publication of EP0438416A1 publication Critical patent/EP0438416A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
    • C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07021—Details of lances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for improving the heating performance and productivity of glass melting furnaces and the like. More par icularly, the present invention relates to the use of oxygen lances that are installed through holes or ports in furnace vails to inject flows of oxygen in directions that extend substantially parallel to the top surface of a bath of molten glass contained within the furnace. The injected flows extend in closely spaced relationship to the top surface of the molten glass to draw a blanket of flame from a location spaced above the glass downwardly into contact with the glass, and to improve combustion and flame coverage in selected areas of the furnace, to concurrently improve flame positioning and character, whereby improvements also result in heat transfer from the combustion zone to the molten glass, and combustion efficiency within the combustion zone. BACKGROUND ART
  • a large melting tank typically is defined at least in part by wall structures that are thick and provide only limited access to contents within the melting tank. Constituents used to manufacture glass are introduced into the tank and heated therein to provide a bath of molten glass. As some of the molten glass is withdrawn from the bath for use in manufacturing processes, additional ingredients are added to the bath to replenish the bath and to keep its top surface at a substantial constant level.
  • Contents of the melting tank or "basin" of the furnace are heated, at least in part, by using an array of burner nozzles that inject natural gas or other fuel transversely across the top surface of the molten glass to form what can be thought of as a blanket of flame that extends over a major portion of the bath of molten glass.
  • an array of burner nozzles that inject natural gas or other fuel transversely across the top surface of the molten glass to form what can be thought of as a blanket of flame that extends over a major portion of the bath of molten glass.
  • a problem inherent in operating a furnace of this type is that, depending on a variety of factors that vary from location to location across the top of the furnace basin, the character of the flame blanket that results as combustion is used to heat molten glass is found to differ in a variety of ways including such characteristics as flame character, flame sp-read, uniformity of flame coverage, combustion efficiency, heat transfer rate and efficiency, etc. Factors that cause such variations may include the character of the supply of material gas and/or combustion air to a particular region, whether conduits and/or nozzles are fully operational, partially obstructed, deformed and/or detoriated in character, etc.
  • Another problem has to do with the height at which the blanket of flame tends to reside above the upper surface of the bath of molten glass.
  • the tendency of the flame blanket to reside at a distance spaced above the top surface of the molten glass may result from the interaction of a number of factors including the presence of upwardly moving flows of hot gases that emanate from the bath, the paucity of oxygen in the combustion zone layer that resides immediately adjacent the top surface of the bath, etc.
  • Still another problem is that of enhancing and maintaining good combustion efficiency. While this problem has been addressed by a wide variety of proposals including the proposed use of devices of various types for injecting oxygen at discrete burner locations to treat the flame patterns within combustion zone areas that are served by selected burners, the need remains for a relatively simple and inexpensive system that is adequately flexible to address the complex needs of a combustion zone in a glass melting furnace as by providing localized enhancement of combustion as by the controlled injection of oxygen.
  • the present invention overcomes the foregoing and other drawbacks of prior art by providing a novel and improved method and apparatus for effectively altering the positioning and character of a flame blanket at selected locations atop the basin of a glass melting furnace, and for simultaneously enriching the oxygen content of combustion gases to improve combustion efficiency.
  • the present invention overcomes drawbacks encountered in glass melting furnaces in prior use without extensive or expensive modification of the furnace structure. Improvement is brought about by providing simple tube-type lances to inject flows of oxygen or oxygen containing gases, such as oxygen enriched air, through holes that are formed in the furnace walls or formed in side walls of ports for supplying combustion air to burners (nozzles that inject fuel, such as natural gas), with the lances being adjustable to permit operators to control the flows of oxygen containing gases that are discharged from the lances, and to control their influence on the flame blanket that tends to reside at a distance spaced upwardly from the bath of molten glass in a glass melting furnace.
  • oxygen or oxygen containing gases such as oxygen enriched air
  • the ports for supplying combustion air are provided in the side walls above the melting tank perpendicular to the direction of the overall flow of the molten glass.
  • Nozzles fo injecting fuel may be provided through port side wall at right angles to said port side wall or at an angle, e. g. 45 degrees, directed toward the melting tank.
  • fuel nozzles are provided below or above said port. In cases were fuel nozzles are provided through port side walls or above ports lances may be provided in the port side walls directed toward the melting tank.
  • a feature of the preferred practice of the invention resides in the introduction of oxygen or an oxygen containing gas not necessarily where flames from burners are most predominantly located but rather into a portion of the combustion zone where flames are most desirably located for optimum heating of the molten glass or solid glass-making ingredients floating on the body of molten glass in the basin of the furnace.
  • the approach thus taken is to draw the blanke of flames downwardly to the one place where it will do most good, namely the vicinity of the top surface of the molten glass, and, in the same process, to enrich the flames with supplemented flows of oxygen or gases rich in oxygen for improved combustion efficiency in this important part of the combustion zone.
  • holes are drilled through the furnace walls of a glass melting furnace at a level that is below the normal level of the flame blanket, but slightly above the level of the top surface of the bath of molten glass. Lances are inserted into the holes to inject flows of oxygen out across the top surface, i. e., into a layer of the combustion zone that immediately overlies the molten glass. One or several lances may be provided for each fuel nozzle.
  • lances are inserted into holes provided in port side walls.
  • One or several lances may be provided in each port side wall.
  • the lances used to effect oxygen injection are preferably of a thin walled type that enables the lances to be adjusted to provide desired directions and characteristics of flow, which, if done properly, advantageously affects the degree of heating that is provided by the flames above the surface of molten glass. Adjustment of the lances is effected
  • a further feature of the invention resides in the use of radially extending flange members that are carried on each of the elongate lances near their discharge ends so that, once a lance has been properly positioned and the propriety of its discharge of oxygen or gas rich in oxygen has been assured, the flange can be releasably thightened in place on its associated lance to closely cover and effectively close open parts of a hole that has been drilled through the furnace wall to install the lance.
  • unwanted loss by radiation and/or convection is prevented, and the inspiration entry of unwanted gas into the furnace through holes is minimized.
  • a feature of the invention resides in the use of lances of thin walled construction. While the use of a thin walled lance naturally enables the lance to be bent more easily than would be the case if the lances were formed from a wall of thicker cross section of the same material, other advantages are also obtained.
  • One such advantage is the fact that minimizing wall thickness of a lance makes it easier to cool the lance so that it does not overheat during use and suffer from heat-induced detoriation.
  • lances of thin walled construction typically formed from stainless steel
  • cooling the lance both by means of internal gas flows of oxygen or other oxygen rich gas (or of a purging gas, such as nitrogen that is used to maintain positive pressure in the lance when oxygen flow is shut off during furnace operation), and by means of external flows of ambient cooling air.
  • supplies of lance-injected oxygen are cycled to correspond with the cycling of the burners, whereby when a burner on one side of the furnace is idle, its supply of injected oxygen is cut off.
  • a low velocity flow of an alternate gas such as nitrogen is maintained through the lance both to cool the lance and to keep unwanted particles and the like from entering the discharge end of the lance.
  • a significant aspect of features of the oxygen enrichment system of the present invention is that these features ordinarily may be implemented at relatively low installation costs in existing furnace structures, not only to overcome deficiencies in burner performace, but also to enhance combustion efficiency and overall operating efficiency of the furnace.
  • the system of the present invention has demonstrated a capability to enhance furnace production capacity well beyond that for which the furnace was originally designed.
  • Figure 1 is a foreshortened elevational view, which is a lateral section of a portion of a glass meltling furnace showing the construction and mounting of a lance that embodies features of present invention
  • Figure 2 is an elevational view, on an enlarged scale, of portions of the apparatus of Figure 1, with the lance being foreshortened;
  • Figure 3 is an elevational view, on an enlarged scale, of a lance having in its tip end an insert defining a laval nozzle;
  • Figure 4 is an elevational view, on an enlarged scale, of the insert shown in Figure 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • oxygen is injected through lances at relatively high velocities at spaced furnace wall locations above but in close proximity to the top surface of molten glass in a furnace, and serves to draw the burner generated flame down toward the surface of the molten glass to better impart the heat of the flame to the glass.
  • Special thin-walled lances are provided for effecting oxygen injection, with the thin wall character of the lance rendering the lances adequately flexible to be bent as may be needed to enable the lance concurrently to directly discharge flows of oxygen most effectively to both draw the flame down toward the molten glass to improve the transfer of heat energy from the flame to the glass, and to provide the oxygen flow that is needed to improve the character of the combustion activity itself.
  • Radiation and convection shields provide radially extending flanges that are carried by the lances to cover the holes in the furnace walls that were drilled to install the lances.
  • the shields prevent the escape of heat energy and the unwanted convection of gases through the drilled holes.
  • the lances are installed in port side walls. This is often the case when fuel nozzles for heating the glass are introduced in port side walls or above or below ports for introducing combustion air.
  • the lances introduced through holes in port side walls may form an angle of less than 90 degrees with the port side wall and are directed toward the melting tank. Usually said angle is about 20 to about 60 degrees, preferably less than 50 de ⁇ grees.
  • the holes made in port side walls for introducing lan ⁇ ces may parallel to the furnace side wall, i. e. perpendicular to the port side wall, or form an angle of less than 90 de ⁇ grees and being directed toward the furnace melting tank.
  • portions of a conventional glass melting furnace are indicated generally by the numeral 10.
  • Th furnace 10 has a melting tank or basin 12 that is defined, in part, by a vertical wall 14 and a floor structure 16.
  • a bath of molten glass 20 is contained in the basin 14, with the molten glass having a top surface 22.
  • a blanket of flame 30 is formed as fuel from a spaced array of burners 40 is injected into th combustion zone 18.
  • the flame blanket 30 tends to reside at a distance spaced above the top surface 22 of the molten bath 20.
  • lances 100 which inject flows 102 of oxygen are provided so as to extend through holes 104 that are formed in the furnace walls 14.
  • a hole 104 is drilled in a tuck stone portion of a furnace wall at a location slightly above the top surfac 22 of the molten glass 20 in the basin 12.
  • a lance 100 is installed in the hole 104 and is aimed so that it will desirably alter the configuration and positioning of the flam patterns in the vicinities of the oxygen flow that it introduces, as by drawing the flames 30 downwardly toward the top surface 22, and by enriching the combustion with oxygen to assure complete combustion of fuel.
  • the supply of oxygen needs to be such that it will properly enhance combustion efficiency to give maximum heat energy from combustion of a given quantity of fuel.
  • the oxygen should be supplied at a lance exit velocity that is sufficient both to minimize dissipation of the oxygen as it travels to its desired location and to effect any desired degree of flame pattern modification.
  • the direction of orientation of the lance should be such as to cause oxygen to flow along a path that is so directed as to effect a desired type of repositioning and/or alteration of the flame pattern, whereby flames are drawn down toward the top surface 22. Since a flame pattern tends to follow a path of an injected flow of oxygen, by aiming the flow path 102 across the top surface 22, the flame pattern 30 issuing can be directed downwardly toward contents of the melting tank 12.
  • the inner diameter 125 of the lance 100, and/or the diameter of its discharge opening 130, is selected through testing to provide an injected flow of oxygen that is suitable for each lance location.
  • the lances 100 are installed at spaced intervals of a few feet along the length of a furnace wall 14. In the case that the lances are installed in furnace ports one or several lances may be positioned in the ports. Of course, lances may be installed both in drilled holes and in burner ports.
  • the lance 100 is depicted in the drawing as comprising an enlongate tubular member of thin wall construction which will be understood by those skilled in the art to be formed from stainless steel or other heat resisting material.
  • An end cap 132 preferably is welded over the discharge end 120 of the lance 100 to provide a discharge opening 130 that is smaller in diameter than the internal diameter 125 of the lance tube 100, whereby, if the opening 130 needs to be enlared to provide increased flow, it can be drilled out as need be, and there will be no need to change to the use of a substitute lance.
  • the lance 100 will have an internal diameter of about 9 mm to about 19 mm.
  • the discharge opening 130 will be of a size of about 5 mm to about 15 mm.
  • the rate of flow of oxygen discharged from any one lance during operation of the furnace 10 will be within the range of about 200 to about 700 standard cubic meter per hour (about 700 to about 2400 standard cubic feet per hour), with a relatively high discharge velocity typically exceeding about 70 meters per second.
  • a radially extending flange member 150 is movably carried on the lance 100.
  • the flange member 150 is a welded stainless steel assembly of an annular member 152 formed from a plate stock, and a tubular member 154 to which the annular member 152 is welded.
  • One or more threaded fasteners 156 extends through the tubular member 154 and provides means of installing the flange member 150 on the lance tube 100 at a location quite near the discharge endregion of the lance 100.
  • a suitable conventional mounting bracket, indicated generally by the numeral 175 is provided for supporting the lance 100 from suitable existing structure 177 that typically forms part of the furnace 10, as those skilled in the art wil unders and.
  • the lances with openings 130 were tested on a 6 port side-fired regenerative float glass tank rated at 450 ton per day. After the insertion of the present lances a 7.1 X production increase and a 6.7 X decrease in specific fuel consumption was achieved.
  • the lance 100 is provided with a insert 60 having a discharge opening 62 designed as a laval nozzle.
  • the insert 60 is welded to the lance body 50 at the discharge end of the lance 100 or held in place by other suitable means. If the insert 60 is worn-out by the heat generated in the furnace when in operation the lance 100 can be cut in front of the inlet end of the laval nozzle insert, thus shortening the lance a short portion, and a new insert may be positioned in the discharge end of the shortened lance 100.
  • the inserts 60 are made of heat resistant material, such as stainless steel, e. g. 316 stainless steel.
  • Laval lances (i. e. lances 100 with laval nozzles) were installed in a glass melting furnace to achieve a higher velocity and a less divergent flow of the oxygen.
  • Table I in connection with Figure 4 show the dimension of the nozzle inserts 60.
  • the high velocity of the oxygen when using laval nozzles causes a lower pressure where the oxygen is flowing between the flame and the glass which causes the surrounding gases including the flame to be pulled toward the glass.
  • the oxygen flow diverges more slowly than with a conventional lance, such as the lance 100 of Figure 2 having an discharge opening 130, so the high velocity of the flow is retained further into the glass melting tank.
  • the high velocity over a longer distance causes an increase in mixing which spreads combustion and shortens the flame. This effect is counteracted by using larger diameter burner tips, which slows the mixing again.
  • the resulting effect is that the flame is lengthened again, while remaining closer to the glass than with conventional lances.
  • the first location that a laval lance was installed in was in a port where the flame was very high.
  • the crown temperature was rising from 1627 degrees Centigrade to 1649 degrees Centigrade (2960 to 3000 degrees Fahrenheit) over a course of a 15 minute reversal.
  • the temperature remained at 1632 degrees Centigrade (2970 degrees Fahrenheit).
  • the flame was optimized by adjusting the burner tips and the conventional lances, i. e. lances 100 with openings 132, that were in place. No improvement was seen in the crown temperature.
  • the center lance was replaced with a laval lance, the flame became much shorter and closer to the glass. Larger burner tips were installed, lengthening the flame.
  • the final result was a wider flame, giving better flame coverage of the glass, with a flame that was much closer to the glass.
  • Crown temperature was constant at 1632 degrees Centigrade (2970 degrees Fahrenheit) when either side was firing.
  • the flame is just as wide as with the original lances, but only about half as high.
  • the bottom of the flame was still close to the glass but the top of the flame was further away from the crown, causing the decrease in the peak crown temperature, directing more energy to the glass.
  • Table II shows the location of the laval lances in the above mentioned furnace, exit diameter of the laval lances used, and flow and velocity of the oxygen.
  • Port No 1 is at the charge end of the furnace. Two lances were used at port Nos 1, 4 and 5 and three lances at port Nos 2 and 3. TABLE II
  • oxygen as used herein, will be understood to include oxygen-rich gas of reasonable purity.
  • oxygen is intended to include oxygen of commercial grades of purity (typically about 99 X pure) as well as oxygen which may have been produced by such economical processes as pressure swing absorption (typically about 90 X purity).
  • oxygen may also include other oxygen rich gas mixtures wherein oxygen is the predominant component (typically being of at least about 75 X oxygen purity with the remainder of the mixture being substantially inert gases).
  • furnace wall opening or similar terms used in the appended claims is intended to include “opening in furnace port side wall", “port side wall opening” or similar expressions.
  • furnace wall opening is not intended to be limited to an opening in the furnace side wall 14.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un four (10) de fonte de verre du type comportant un bassin de coulée (12) dans lequel un bain (20) de verre en fusion est chauffé par une couverture (30) de flammes s'étendant sur le bain de fusion (20), on accroît l'efficacité et la productivité en installant des lances (100) d'injection d'oxygène à travers des trous (104) percés dans des parois (14) dudit four au dessus de la surface supérieure (22) du bain de verre en fusion se trouvant dans le bassin de coulée (12) du four. Les lances sont des des tubes à paroi mince portant chacun une bride réglable (150) empêchant la convection et le rayonnement indésirables dans les trous (104) des parois du four qui reçoivent lesdites lances (100). De par le cintrage des tubes (50) à paroi mince afin d'orienter avec précision les écoulements de décharge (102) d'oxygène de sorte que les chemins de décharge s'étendent correctement sur la surface supérieure (22) du verre en fusion en relation parallèle étroitement espacée de celle-ci, et de par la sélection de la taille et de la configuration de l'orifice de décharge, les écoulements d'oxygène injectés sont prévus et définis de manière à faire descendre efficacement la couverture (30) de flamme sur la partie de surface (22) du verre chauffé, et pour obtenir une combustion complète ainsi qu'une couverture de flamme maximum. L'orifice de décharge des lances est de préférence conçu comme une tuyère de laval.
EP89909255A 1988-10-17 1989-08-17 Procede et appareil ameliorant la combustion et l'efficacite opertionelle dans un four de fonte de verre Withdrawn EP0438416A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/259,467 US4911744A (en) 1987-07-09 1988-10-17 Methods and apparatus for enhancing combustion and operational efficiency in a glass melting furnace
US259467 1988-10-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0438416A1 true EP0438416A1 (fr) 1991-07-31

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Family Applications (1)

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EP89909255A Withdrawn EP0438416A1 (fr) 1988-10-17 1989-08-17 Procede et appareil ameliorant la combustion et l'efficacite opertionelle dans un four de fonte de verre

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4911744A (fr)
EP (1) EP0438416A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04502897A (fr)
BR (1) BR8907723A (fr)
DK (1) DK162764C (fr)
FI (1) FI911841A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990004571A1 (fr)

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JPH04502897A (ja) 1992-05-28
BR8907723A (pt) 1991-07-30
WO1990004571A1 (fr) 1990-05-03
DK162764C (da) 1992-04-27
DK162764B (da) 1991-12-09
US4911744A (en) 1990-03-27
DK69291A (da) 1991-04-17
DK69291D0 (da) 1991-04-17
FI911841A0 (fi) 1991-04-16

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