EP0436586A1 - Fuel injection nozzle with controllable fuel jet characteristic. - Google Patents

Fuel injection nozzle with controllable fuel jet characteristic.

Info

Publication number
EP0436586A1
EP0436586A1 EP89910599A EP89910599A EP0436586A1 EP 0436586 A1 EP0436586 A1 EP 0436586A1 EP 89910599 A EP89910599 A EP 89910599A EP 89910599 A EP89910599 A EP 89910599A EP 0436586 A1 EP0436586 A1 EP 0436586A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection nozzle
nozzle
injection
alternating
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89910599A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0436586B1 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Hohm
Peter Kleinschmidt
Hans Meixner
Dieter Stein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0436586A1 publication Critical patent/EP0436586A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0436586B1 publication Critical patent/EP0436586B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/12—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship providing a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/10—Other injectors with multiple-part delivery, e.g. with vibrating valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0696—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the use of movable windings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/08—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle specially for low-pressure fuel-injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/041—Injectors peculiar thereto having vibrating means for atomizing the fuel, e.g. with sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder

Definitions

  • Fuel injector with controllable characteristics of the fuel jet are provided.
  • the present invention relates to a fuel injector as specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • ultrasonic vibration is additionally provided, as has long been known for ultrasonic liquid atomizers.
  • the ultrasonic frequency to be used for liquid atomization is in the range above 100 KHz, depending on the configuration of an ultrasound-frequency-oscillating part of the nozzle.
  • the injection nozzle generates a fuel jet which corresponds to the design and which, from the part which vibrates at the ultrasonic frequency, has the character of a flowing droplet mist consisting of fine aerosol droplets.
  • All known fuel injection nozzles have a characteristic shape of the fuel jet which is predetermined by their construction.
  • the shape of the fuel jet is known to be important for the air-fuel mixture formation, and not only in the With regard to minimum specific fuel consumption, but also with regard to environmental pollution due to undesirable emissions, and important for the smooth running of the engine.
  • a distinction is made between a fuel injection nozzle that generates a thread jet and a nozzle that delivers a cone jet. Both types of jet are also characteristic, among other things, of different size distributions of the droplets of the fuel sprayed from the nozzle.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide measures with which, in addition, optimal mixture formation with the selected injection nozzle can also be achieved at least largely for different operating states of the internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention is based on the idea of providing technical means on or for a fuel injection nozzle, with which the characteristic shape of the fuel jet of this one nozzle can be changed in an electrically controllable manner during operation.
  • the shape of the jet of the nozzle is controlled with these means in such a way that different opening angles of the injection jet, from the (slim) thread jet to a cone jet with e.g. 70 ° opening angle or even larger can be reached.
  • the jet shape can be controlled and optimally adjusted during operation.
  • a controllable change in the distribution of the droplet size is carried out.
  • the invention relates in particular to low pressure injection at approximately 1 to 10 bar.
  • fuel injection nozzles are also injection valves.
  • the valve drive can be based on the effect of the liquid pressure exerted by the fuel to be injected.
  • injection nozzles are increasingly being provided with electromechanical devices for opening and closing their valve portion. Electromagnetic designs have predominantly been provided for this.
  • fuel injectors with a valve device with a piezoelectric drive.
  • Combustion piston engine are largely optimally adapted. These various operating conditions are in particular the cold start phase on the one hand and the continuous operation of the engine with the engine warmed up in a stationary manner on the other hand. It would be conceivable to provide two different injection nozzles, in particular for the two operating states mentioned above, each of which could be optimized for the operating phase assigned to it. However, only one injector should be provided. With regard to the cold start phase, the boundary condition must be met in particular that the fuel injected in the intake stroke of the engine is atomized into the cylinder so strongly that the intended fuel mixing with air and thus fuel combustion actually takes place.
  • the one fuel injection nozzle per cylinder is designed such that it can bring about several mutually different, controllably selectable forms of "jet formation".
  • a "thread jet” can be generated with a fuel injection nozzle according to the invention, namely for continuous operation, the cross section of which strikes the valve is limited to a predeterminable proportion of the valve disk surface. This ensures that the fuel reaches the valve as “lossless” as possible and then immediately and without detour into the cylinder. The measured optimal air-fuel ratio can thus be maintained with certainty.
  • the evaporation of the fuel on the hot valve plate ensures that an optimally finely divided fuel-air mixture is available for combustion in the cylinder.
  • the injection nozzle according to the invention is controlled so that a good fuel fine distribution occurs.
  • an injection “jet” is generated for this operating phase of the engine, which has a certain spreading in the manner of a cone jet.
  • Such a cone beam has the property that only at a certain distance from it
  • Nozzle opening the liquid only disintegrates in the jet and that only then, but sufficiently early for the combustion process, is there a substantial proportion of the injection quantity in fine droplet distribution.
  • the above-mentioned distance is important here, because it can be achieved that this fuel fine distribution is present in the cone jet just before or even at the inlet valve and that droplets fail, e.g. on the wall of the intake pipe (ie in the area between the nozzle opening and the inlet valve) is excluded.
  • This advantage occurs particularly in such known injection nozzles that have an integrated ultrasonic liquid atomization. It should be noted that the fuel injector cannot be placed anywhere near the intake valve.
  • an injection nozzle according to the invention is designed so that it has a quickly responding and fast-working drive for opening and closing the nozzle opening.
  • the injection nozzle according to the invention is one with proportional drive or proportional adjustability of the nozzle opening. In this way it is easy to set such intermediate values of the degree of opening of the injection nozzle with which an exact metering of the very small injection quantities that come into consideration, especially in idle mode, can be maintained per injection process.
  • the operating repetition frequency e.g. for a four-cylinder or six-cylinder engine, and thus the repetition frequency for opening (t- ⁇ ) and closing (t 2 ) the valve portion of the injection nozzle is around 5 Hz to 50 Hz.
  • the repetition frequency for opening (t- ⁇ ) and closing (t 2 ) the valve portion of the injection nozzle is around 5 Hz to 50 Hz.
  • steep rising and falling edges of the opening and closing of an injection nozzle according to the invention are at a frequency of considerably above 1 kHz (with a corresponding period T) as the upper limit of the Fourier spectrum of the pulse of the opening and closing.
  • the fuel throughput when the injector is open continuously (in the intake phase) is approx. 6 g / s per cylinder. This corresponds to almost full load operation.
  • the idle throughput of such an engine is approximately
  • an injection nozzle according to the invention are characterized in that the opening and closing of the injection (also designed as a valve) nozzle serving valve needle and / or the opening cross section of the nozzle are to be set in lifting movements.
  • the beam cross section ie the beam shape, for example from the thread beam to the cone beam, can be varied with different opening angles.
  • FIG. 1 which shows a time / excitation or. Opening diagram of an injection nozzle according to the invention shows.
  • the injection nozzle according to the invention is able to periodically follow the mechanical movements of the electrical excitation with its stroke movements due to the above-mentioned quick response of its parts, in particular with proportional drive.
  • the excitation frequencies for this stroke movement are optimally in the range from 5 KHz to 20 KHz, that is to say far below ultrasonic atomizing frequencies. This dimensioning applies both to injection nozzles or valves in low-pressure systems (approx. 3 bar) and to those with a customary diameter (0.3 to 1 mm) of the nozzle.
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic structure of an injection nozzle 10 according to the invention with a superimposed, rapidly changing stroke movement of the nozzle needle.
  • FIG. 3 shows a corresponding embodiment with a stroke movement of the (valve) seat of the injector 20.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show in side and front view of an embodiment 40 of an apparatus for M 'odul Schl the effective injection port.
  • Figure 6 shows a piezoceramic drive device.
  • FIG. 7 shows an agnetostrictive drive device
  • Figure 8 shows an electrodynamic drive device for an injection nozzle according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a complete configuration of an injection nozzle according to the invention.
  • 11 denotes the nozzle needle, which also acts as a valve needle. It is located in the nozzle part 12 which has the bore shown as the nozzle opening 13. If the injection nozzle is closed, the front end of the nozzle needle 11 closes the nozzle opening 13. The controllable mobility of the nozzle needle 11 is indicated at 14. In the opened state of the injection nozzle, fuel indicated with 15 flows along the nozzle needle 11 and within the nozzle part 12 to the nozzle opening 13, in order to form an injection jet with the characteristic 15 shown, with a conical shape. This jet shape 15 results from the fact that the nozzle needle 11 in the open position is superimposed on the additional alternating stroke movement indicated by 14.
  • FIG. 3 reference can largely be made to the details described for FIG. 2. Reference numerals already described for FIG. 2 have the same or at least meaningful meaning in FIG. 3.
  • alternating stroke movement is provided for the nozzle part 12 with the nozzle opening 13.
  • a beam shape results which essentially corresponds to that of the embodiment according to FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show an additional device attached to the nozzle part 12 in the region of the nozzle opening 13.
  • FIG. 5 shows an end view belonging to FIG. 4, ie a view against the sprayed jet.
  • This additional device 51 of the actual injection nozzle of FIGS. 4 and 5 consist of, for example, four rod-shaped extensions 151, each of which are to be excited to perform lifting movements. These lifting movements are indicated by the individual arrows 54.
  • These stroke movements 54 are bending movements of the parts 151.
  • These parts 151 form longitudinal guides for the fuel jet 45 emerging from the nozzle opening 13.
  • the alternating stroke movements 54 which are transverse to its jet direction, lead to a jet shape as shown at 55.
  • the drive element 6 according to FIG. 6 * consists of a stack of piezoelectrically excitable disks 61. These disks are provided with flat electrodes, not shown. Such stacks are known in principle and are also supplied with controlled electrical voltage in the present case. In particular, AC voltage is supplied, preferably with such a frequency that leads to resonant oscillatory movements of the lifting movement 114 of the stack or of the drive 6.
  • FIG. 7 shows a magnetostrictive embodiment 7 of a drive.
  • 71 denotes a rod which can be excited to magnetostriction movements and which is located inside a magnetic field coil 72.
  • This magnetic field coil 72 is supplied with electrical voltage, preferably again. at a frequency that leads to resonance with a natural oscillation of the rod 71, which leads to a correspondingly large stroke amplitude of the stroke movement 114.
  • FIG. 8 shows a drive 8 with plunger coil 81 and pot magnet 82, as is known in principle from loudspeakers. With a corresponding electrical alternating excitation, such a device leads to mechanical lifting movements 114. Resonance excitation can also be effected here.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of an injection nozzle according to the invention.
  • the details given for the figures described above have the same meaning in FIG. 91 designates an actuator, for example a stack consisting of piezoelectric plates. By applying electrical voltage between the connections 92 and 93, this actuator changes its length and thus drives the plunger 94 and the nozzle needle 11 connected to the plunger 94.
  • the actuator 91 is used to open and close the valve by moving the valve needle 11.
  • the inflow opening of the injection nozzle for the fuel is designated by 95.
  • the drive device for the alternating lifting movement to be carried out according to the invention is designated by 96.
  • this drive device comprises a plurality of stacks 97 with the electrical connecting lines 98 and 99.
  • the alternating drive voltage for this lifting movement is to be applied between the connections 98 and 99.
  • With (changing) changes in length of the plate stack 97 due to the piezoelectric effect there is a corresponding change in length of the housing 100 of the drive device 96. Since, as can be seen from the figure, the outer housing 12 of the injection nozzle is divided (sealed), this nozzle part leads 12 by the operation of the drive 96, the alternating stroke movements according to the invention, in comparison with the nozzle needle which is stationary in this example in the open state. This corresponds to the embodiment variant of the invention already described above in connection with FIG. 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Buse d'injection comportant un orifice (13) et un pointeau (11), ainsi qu'un entraînement (91) à paramètres d'entrée électriques et un dispositif d'entraînement (96) faisant faire à la partie buse (12) un mouvement de va-et-vient, prioritaire par rapport à l'état ouvert de la buse d'injection. On peut commander le dispositif d'entraînement (96) en faisant varier des paramètres d'entrée électriques et sa structure est telle que la durée de période disponible pour les alternances du mouvement de la buse est au moins assez brève pour représenter une fraction du temps d'ouverture minimum de la buse d'injection.Injection nozzle comprising an orifice (13) and a needle (11), as well as a drive (91) with electrical input parameters and a drive device (96) making the nozzle part (12) a back and forth movement, with priority over the open state of the injection nozzle. The drive device (96) can be controlled by varying electrical input parameters and its structure is such that the period of time available for the alternations of the movement of the nozzle is at least short enough to represent a fraction of the time minimum opening of the injection nozzle.

Description

Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse mit steuerbarer Charakteristik des KraftstoffStrahls. Fuel injector with controllable characteristics of the fuel jet.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Kraftstoff- Einspritzdüse wie sie im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 angegeben ist.The present invention relates to a fuel injector as specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Schon seit langem ist es zunächst für Diesel otore und dann für Ottomotore bekannt, den für den Betrieb notwendigen Kraftstoff an einer jeweils vorgegebenen Stelle der Verbrennungskraft- aschine unter Druck einzuspritzen. Es kann dies Kraftstoff¬ einspritzung in einen Raum hinter dem Einlaßventil sein. Für Ottomotore ist auch Einspritzung auf das Einlaßventil oder in das Saugrohr vor dem Einlaßventil üblich.It has long been known first for diesel engines and then for gasoline engines to inject the fuel required for operation under pressure at a predetermined point on the internal combustion engine. This can be fuel injection into a space behind the inlet valve. Injection to the intake valve or into the intake pipe before the intake valve is also common for gasoline engines.
Es gibt Bestrebungen, eine Einspritzdüse so auszugestalten und zu betreiben, daß sie ein feineres Aerosol erzeugt, als dies mit einer Einspritzdüse ohnehin üblich und/oder möglich ist. Bei solchen Einspritzdüsen ist zusätzlich Ultraschall-Vibra¬ tion vorgesehen, wie dies für Ultraschall-Flüssigkeitszer- stäuber schon seit langen bekannt war. Die anzuwendende Ultra¬ schallfrequenz liegt für Flüssigkeitszerstäubung im Bereich von oberhalb 100 KHz, und zwar abhängig von der Ausgestaltung eines jeweils vorgesehenen ultraschallfrequent-schwingenden Teils der Düse. Die Einspritzdüse erzeugt dabei für sich genommen einen der konstruktiven Ausgestaltungen entsprechenden Kraftstoff¬ strahl, der von dem ultraschallfrequent-schwingenden Teil ab den Charakter eines strömenden Tröpfchennebels, bestehend aus feinen Aeorosoltröpfchen, hat.There are efforts to design and operate an injection nozzle in such a way that it produces a finer aerosol than is customary and / or possible with an injection nozzle anyway. With such injection nozzles, ultrasonic vibration is additionally provided, as has long been known for ultrasonic liquid atomizers. The ultrasonic frequency to be used for liquid atomization is in the range above 100 KHz, depending on the configuration of an ultrasound-frequency-oscillating part of the nozzle. The injection nozzle generates a fuel jet which corresponds to the design and which, from the part which vibrates at the ultrasonic frequency, has the character of a flowing droplet mist consisting of fine aerosol droplets.
Alle bekannten Kraftstoffeinspritzdüsen haben eine durch ihre Konstruktion vorgegebene charakteristische Form des Kraftstoff¬ strahls. Die Form des Kraftstoffstrahls ist bekanntlich für die Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischbildung wichtig, und zwar nicht nur im Hinblick auf minimalen spezifischen Kraftstoffverbrauch, sondern auch im Hinblick auf Umweltbelastung durch unerwünscht auftretende Abgasanteile, und wichtig für die Laufruhe des Motors. Zum Beispiel wird unterschieden zwischen von einer Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse, die einen Fadenstrahl erzeugt und einer Düse, die einen Kegelstrahl liefert. Beide Strahlformen haben für sich charakteristisch im übrigen u.a. auch unter¬ schiedliche Größenverteilungen der Tröpfchen des aus der Düse gespritzten Kraftstoffes.All known fuel injection nozzles have a characteristic shape of the fuel jet which is predetermined by their construction. The shape of the fuel jet is known to be important for the air-fuel mixture formation, and not only in the With regard to minimum specific fuel consumption, but also with regard to environmental pollution due to undesirable emissions, and important for the smooth running of the engine. For example, a distinction is made between a fuel injection nozzle that generates a thread jet and a nozzle that delivers a cone jet. Both types of jet are also characteristic, among other things, of different size distributions of the droplets of the fuel sprayed from the nozzle.
Von Parametern einer jeweiligen Verbrennungskraftmaschine und deren Konstruktionsmerkmalen sowie dem jeweiligen Lastzustand abhängig sind jeweils verschiedene Strahlformeπ optimal.Different beam shapes are optimal in each case depending on parameters of a particular internal combustion engine and their design features as well as the respective load condition.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, Maßnahmen anzugeben, mit denen außerdem auch für unterschiedliche Betriebszustäπde der Verbrennungskraftmaschine wenigstens weitgehend jeweils optimale Gemischbildung mit der ausgewählten Einspritzdüse zu erreichen ist.The object of the present invention is to provide measures with which, in addition, optimal mixture formation with the selected injection nozzle can also be achieved at least largely for different operating states of the internal combustion engine.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Maßnahmen des Patentanspruches 1 ge¬ löst und weitere Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.This object is achieved with the measures of claim 1, and further refinements and developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, an einer bzw. für eine Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse technische Mittel vorzusehen, mit denen im Betrieb die charakteristische Form des Kraftstoffstrahls dieser einen Düse elektrisch steuerbar verändert werden kann. Es wird erfindungsgemäß mit diesen Mitteln die Form des Strahls der Düse so gesteuert, daß verschiedene Öffnungswinkel des Einspritzstrahls, vom (schlanken) Fadenstrahl bis zu einem Kegelstrahl mit z.B. 70° Öffnungswinkel oder sogar noch größer erreichbar sind.The present invention is based on the idea of providing technical means on or for a fuel injection nozzle, with which the characteristic shape of the fuel jet of this one nozzle can be changed in an electrically controllable manner during operation. According to the invention, the shape of the jet of the nozzle is controlled with these means in such a way that different opening angles of the injection jet, from the (slim) thread jet to a cone jet with e.g. 70 ° opening angle or even larger can be reached.
Mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzdüse läßt sich im Betrieb die Strahlform steuerbar verändern und optimal anpassen. Außerdem wird dabei eine steuerbare Veränderung der Verteilung der Tröpfchengröße durchgeführt. Die Erfindung bezieht sich insbesondere auf Niederdruck-Einspritzung mit etwa 1 bis 10 bar.With an injection nozzle according to the invention, the jet shape can be controlled and optimally adjusted during operation. In addition, a controllable change in the distribution of the droplet size is carried out. The invention relates in particular to low pressure injection at approximately 1 to 10 bar.
In der überwiegenden Anzahl der Fälle sind Kraftstoff-Ein¬ spritzdüsen gleichzeitig auch Einspritzventile. Der Ventilan¬ trieb kann dabei auf der Wirkung des vom einzuspritzenden Kraftstoff ausgeübten Flüssigkeitsdruckes beruhen. Zunehmend werden aber Einspritzdüsen mit elektromechanischen Einrich¬ tungen zum Öffnen und Schließen ihres Ventilanteils versehen. Vorwiegend sind hierzu elektromagnetische Ausführungen vorge¬ sehen worden. Es gibt bereits auch Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüsen mit Ventileinrichtung mit piezoelektrischem Antrieb.In the vast majority of cases, fuel injection nozzles are also injection valves. The valve drive can be based on the effect of the liquid pressure exerted by the fuel to be injected. However, injection nozzles are increasingly being provided with electromechanical devices for opening and closing their valve portion. Electromagnetic designs have predominantly been provided for this. There are also fuel injectors with a valve device with a piezoelectric drive.
Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung ist erreicht, unter Einhaltung von als besonders sinnvoll erkannten Randbedingungen eine Lö¬ sung zu haben, die es ermöglicht, solche variierten Strahlfor¬ men mit einer einzigen Einspritzdüse einstellen zu können, die den verschiedenartigen Betriebsbedingungen einesWith the present invention it is achieved, while observing boundary conditions recognized as particularly useful, to have a solution which makes it possible to set such varied jet shapes with a single injection nozzle which suits the different operating conditions
Verbrennungs-Kolbenmotors weitestgehend optimal angepaßt sind. Diese verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen sind insbesondere zum einen die Kaltstart-Phase und andererseits der Dauerbetrieb des Motors mit stationär durchgewärmtem Motor. Es wäre denkbar, insbesondere für die beiden vorangehend genannten Betriebszustände zwei verschiedene Einspritzdüsen vorzusehen, die jede auf die ihr zugeordnete Betriebsphase optimiert sein könnte. Es soll aber nur eine Einspritzdüse vorgesehen sein. Bezüglich der Kaltstart-Phase ist vor allem die Randbedingung zu erfüllen, daß der jeweils im Ansaugtakt des Motors eingespritzte Kraftstoff als kegelförmiger Strahl so stark zerstäubt in den Zylinder gelangt, daß auch tatsächlich die bestimmungsgemäße Kraftstoffvermischung mit Luft und damit Kraftstoffverbrennung erfolgt.Combustion piston engine are largely optimally adapted. These various operating conditions are in particular the cold start phase on the one hand and the continuous operation of the engine with the engine warmed up in a stationary manner on the other hand. It would be conceivable to provide two different injection nozzles, in particular for the two operating states mentioned above, each of which could be optimized for the operating phase assigned to it. However, only one injector should be provided. With regard to the cold start phase, the boundary condition must be met in particular that the fuel injected in the intake stroke of the engine is atomized into the cylinder so strongly that the intended fuel mixing with air and thus fuel combustion actually takes place.
In der Dauerbetriebsphase, d.h. bei Betriebstemperatur aller Motorteile, ist insbesondere ein heißes Einlaßventil vor¬ handen, das sich hervorragend zur Kraftstoff-Feinverteilung bzw. -Verdampfung eignet. Es ist auch dementsprechend durchaus üblich, den einzuspritzenden Kraftstoff mit einem weitgehend fadenförmigen oder nur gering aufgefächerten Einspritzstrahl auf den heißen Ventilteller zu richten und dort auftreffen zu lassen.In the continuous operating phase, ie at the operating temperature of all engine parts, there is in particular a hot inlet valve which is excellent for fine fuel distribution or evaporation is suitable. Accordingly, it is also quite common to direct the fuel to be injected onto the hot valve plate with a largely filament-shaped or only slightly fanned-out injection jet and to have it hit there.
Im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung ist festgestellt worden, daß es fallweise nicht unbedingt vorteilhaft ist, in der Dauerbe¬ triebsphase eine schon direkt von der Einspritzdüse ausgehende größere insbesondere durch Ultraschall erzeugte Zerstäubung des einzuspritzenden Kraftstoffes vorzusehen. Es ist nämlich beobachtet worden, daß trotz hoher Betriebswärme des Motorblocks durchaus nachteilige Zustände bei schon von der Düse weg feinverteiltem bzw. zerstäubtem Kraftstoff auftreten. Zum einen können im doch nur begrenzt stark erwärmten Ansaug¬ rohr noch Abschεidungen von Kraftstofftröpfchen erfolgen, die dann erst zeitverzögert zum falschen Zeitpunkt durch Wiederabdampfen in den Zylinder gelangen. Luftsäülenschwingun- gen im Ansaugrohr können ebenfalls zu Zuständen führen, daß schon vom Ort der Düse weg zerstäubter Kraftstoff nicht zum gewollten Zeitpunkt in den jeweiligen Zylinder gelangt. Damit sind in jedem Falle unerwünschte Verschiebungen hinsichtlich des Kraftstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses verbunden, das beabsichtigterweise möglichst genau zugemessenen sein soll.In connection with the invention, it has been found that in some cases it is not absolutely advantageous to provide a larger atomization of the fuel to be injected, which is generated directly from the injection nozzle, in the long-term operating phase. It has been observed that, despite the high operating heat of the engine block, disadvantageous conditions occur with fuel that has already been finely divided or atomized away from the nozzle. On the one hand, fuel droplets can still be deposited in the intake pipe, which is only heated to a limited extent, and then only delayed at the wrong time by re-evaporation and get into the cylinder. Air column vibrations in the intake pipe can also lead to conditions such that fuel atomized away from the location of the nozzle does not get into the respective cylinder at the desired time. In any case, this is associated with undesirable shifts in the fuel-air ratio, which is intended to be measured as precisely as possible.
Erfindungsgemäß ist die eine einzige Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse pro Zylinder so ausgebildet, daß sie mehrere voneinander verschiedene, steuerbar wählbare Formen der "Strahlausbildung" bewirken kann. Aufgrund dieser Steuerbarkeit läßt sich mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse, nämlich für den Dauerbetrieb, ein "Fadenstrahl" erzeugen, dessen Auftreff¬ querschnitt auf dem Ventil auf einen vorgebbaren Anteil der Ventilteller-Oberfläche begrenzt ist. Damit ist erreicht, daß der Kraftstoff möglichst "verlustlos" auf das Ventil und weiter sofort und ohne Umweg in den Zylinder gelangt. Das zugemessene optimale Kraftstoff-Luftverhältnis kann damit mit Sicherheit eingehalten werden. Aufgrund der Verdampfung des Kraftstoffs auf dem heißen Ventilteller ist sichergestellt, daß zur Verbrennung im Zylinder optimal fein verteiltes Kraftstoff-Luftgemisch zur Verfügung steht.According to the invention, the one fuel injection nozzle per cylinder is designed such that it can bring about several mutually different, controllably selectable forms of "jet formation". On account of this controllability, a "thread jet" can be generated with a fuel injection nozzle according to the invention, namely for continuous operation, the cross section of which strikes the valve is limited to a predeterminable proportion of the valve disk surface. This ensures that the fuel reaches the valve as "lossless" as possible and then immediately and without detour into the cylinder. The measured optimal air-fuel ratio can thus be maintained with certainty. The evaporation of the fuel on the hot valve plate ensures that an optimally finely divided fuel-air mixture is available for combustion in the cylinder.
In der Kaltstartphase wird die erfinduπgsgemäße Einspritzdüse so gesteuert, daß eine gute Kraftstoff-Feinverteilung auftritt. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzdüse wird für diese Betriebsphase des Motors ein Einspritz-"Strahl" erzeugt, der eine gewisse Aufspreizung nach Art eines Kegelstrahls besitzt. Ein solcher Kegelstrahl hat die Eigenschaft, daß, und zwar erst in einer gewissen Entfernung von seinerIn the cold start phase, the injection nozzle according to the invention is controlled so that a good fuel fine distribution occurs. With the injection nozzle according to the invention, an injection “jet” is generated for this operating phase of the engine, which has a certain spreading in the manner of a cone jet. Such a cone beam has the property that only at a certain distance from it
Düsenöffnung, die Flüssigkeit erst im Strahl zerfällt und daß erst dann, aber für den Verbrennungsvorgang genügend zeitig, ein wesentlicher Anteil der Einspritzmenge in feiner Tröpfchenverteilung vorliegt. Der voranstehend erwähnte dabei auftretende Abstand ist dabei wichtig, denn damit kann erreicht werden, daß erst dicht vor oder gar erst am Einla߬ ventil diese Kraftstoff-Feinverteilung im Kεgelstrahl vorliegt und ein Ausfallen von Tröpfchen z.B. an der Wandung des Ansaug¬ rohres (also im Bereich zwischen der Düsenöffnung und dem Ein- laßventil) ausgeschlossen ist. Dieser Vorteil tritt besonders bei solchen bekannten Einspritzdüsen auf, die eine integrierte Ultraschall-Flüssigkeitszerstäubung haben. Es ist ja zu berücksichtigen, daß die Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nicht beliebig nahe dem Einlaßventil angeordnet werden kann.Nozzle opening, the liquid only disintegrates in the jet and that only then, but sufficiently early for the combustion process, is there a substantial proportion of the injection quantity in fine droplet distribution. The above-mentioned distance is important here, because it can be achieved that this fuel fine distribution is present in the cone jet just before or even at the inlet valve and that droplets fail, e.g. on the wall of the intake pipe (ie in the area between the nozzle opening and the inlet valve) is excluded. This advantage occurs particularly in such known injection nozzles that have an integrated ultrasonic liquid atomization. It should be noted that the fuel injector cannot be placed anywhere near the intake valve.
Mit der Erfindung ist, und zwar schon mit nur bescheiden höherem Aufwand, auch für die Kaltstartphase ein wesentlich vorteilhafteres Ergebnis zu erreichen als es eine an sich bekannte Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse, die für Ultraschall-Kraft- Stoffzerstäubung ausgebildet ist, verspricht. Es ist nämlich festgestellt worden, daß bei intermittierender, zylinder¬ selektiver Einspritzung für wirklich quantitative Kraftstoff¬ zerstäubung durch Ultraschall auch derart hohe Ultraεchallenergie erforderlich wäre, wie sie in der Praxis zumindest mit Rücksicht auf die konstruktive Größe einer Einspritzdüse überhaupt nicht bereitgestellt werden kann. Eine erfindungsgemäße Einspritzdüse ist so ausgelegt, daß sie einen schnell ansprechenden und schnell arbeitenden Antrieb für das Öffnen und Schließen der Düsenöffnung besitzt. Es kann im Einzelfall von Vorteil sein, und zwar insbesondere für optimales Erfüllen der Bedingungen im Leerlaufbetrieb, wenn die erfindungsgemäße Einspritzdüse eine solche mit propor¬ tionalem Antrieb bzw. proportionaler Einstellbarkeit der Düsenöffnung ist. Damit lassen sich nämlich leicht solche Zwischenwerte des Öffnungsgrades der Einspritzdüse definiert einstellen, mit denen eine genaue Zumessung der gerade im Leerlaufbetrieb in Betracht kommenden sehr geringen Ein¬ spritzmengen pro Einspritzvorgang einhalten.With the invention, even with only a modestly higher effort, it is also possible to achieve a much more advantageous result for the cold start phase than a fuel injection nozzle known per se, which is designed for ultrasonic fuel atomization, promises. It has been found that with intermittent, cylinder-selective injection for truly quantitative fuel atomization by ultrasound, such high ultrasonic energy would also be required as cannot be provided in practice at least with regard to the structural size of an injection nozzle. An injection nozzle according to the invention is designed so that it has a quickly responding and fast-working drive for opening and closing the nozzle opening. In individual cases, it can be advantageous, in particular for optimally fulfilling the conditions in idle operation, if the injection nozzle according to the invention is one with proportional drive or proportional adjustability of the nozzle opening. In this way it is easy to set such intermediate values of the degree of opening of the injection nozzle with which an exact metering of the very small injection quantities that come into consideration, especially in idle mode, can be maintained per injection process.
Im praktischen Einsatz liegt die Betriebs-Folgefrequenz, z.B. für einen Vier-Zylinder- bzw. Sechs-Zylinder-Motor und damit die Folgefrequenz für das Öffnen (t-^) und Schließen (t2) des Ventilanteils der Einspritzdüse bei etwa 5 Hz bis 50 Hz. Entsprechend steile Anstiegs- und Abfallflanken des Öffnens und Schließens einer erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzdüse liegen bei einer Frequenz von erheblich oberhalb 1 kHz (mit ent¬ sprechender Periodendauer T) als obere Grenze des Fourier- spektrums des Impulses des Öffnens und Schließens.In practical use, the operating repetition frequency, e.g. for a four-cylinder or six-cylinder engine, and thus the repetition frequency for opening (t- ^) and closing (t 2 ) the valve portion of the injection nozzle is around 5 Hz to 50 Hz. Correspondingly steep rising and falling edges of the opening and closing of an injection nozzle according to the invention are at a frequency of considerably above 1 kHz (with a corresponding period T) as the upper limit of the Fourier spectrum of the pulse of the opening and closing.
Die Anforderungen an eine erfindungsgemäße Einspritzdüse seien anhand der nachfolgenden, beispielhaften Betriebswerte für einen Mittelklasse-Personenwagen angegeben:The requirements for an injection nozzle according to the invention are given on the basis of the following exemplary operating values for a medium-sized passenger car:
Der Treibstoffdurchsatz bei Daueröffnung der Einspritzdüse (in der Ansaugphase) beträgt ca. 6 g/s pro Zylinder. Dies ent- spricht nahezu Voll-Lastbetrieb.The fuel throughput when the injector is open continuously (in the intake phase) is approx. 6 g / s per cylinder. This corresponds to almost full load operation.
Der Leerlaufdurchsatz eines solchen Motors beträgt etwaThe idle throughput of such an engine is approximately
0,4 mg/s pro Zylinder. Ersichtlich ergibt sich daraus ein zu bewältigender Dynamikbereich von vier Größenordnungen.0.4 mg / s per cylinder. This clearly results in a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude to be managed.
Besondere Ausführungsformen einer erfindungsgemäßen Einspritz¬ düse sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die an sich dem Öffnen und Schließen der (auch als Ventil ausgebildeten) Einspritz- düse dienende Ventilnadel und/oder der Öffnungsquerschnitt der Düse in Hubbewegungen zu versetzen sind. In Abhängigkeit von der elektrisch einstellbaren Hub-Periode kann der Strahlquer¬ schnitt, d.h. die Strahlform z.B. vom Fadenstrahl bis zum Kegelstrahl mit verschiedenen Öffnungswinkeln variiert werden. Zur Verdeutlichung dient die beigefügte Figur 1, die ein Zeit/Anregungs-bzw. Öffnungsdiagramm einer erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzdüse zeigt. Die erfindungsgemäße Einspritzdüse ist aufgrund des oben erwähnten schnellen Ansprechens ihrer Teile, insbesondere bei proportionalem Antrieb, in der Lage mit ihren Hubbewegungen periodisch den mechanischen Bewegungen der elektrischen Anregung zu folgen. Die in der Figur 1 gezeigte Modulation bezieht sich auf eine Ausführungsform nach Figur 2 bzw. 3. Die Anregungsfrequenzen für diese Hubbewegung liegen optimal im Bereich von 5 KHz bis 20 KHz, also weit unterhalb von Ultraschall-Zerstäuberfrequenzen. Diese Bemessung gilt so¬ wohl für Einspritzdüsen bzw. -ventile in Niederdrucksystemen (ca. 3bar) als auch für solche mit üblichem Durchmesser (0,3 bis 1 mm) der Düse.Particular embodiments of an injection nozzle according to the invention are characterized in that the opening and closing of the injection (also designed as a valve) nozzle serving valve needle and / or the opening cross section of the nozzle are to be set in lifting movements. Depending on the electrically adjustable stroke period, the beam cross section, ie the beam shape, for example from the thread beam to the cone beam, can be varied with different opening angles. The attached FIG. 1, which shows a time / excitation or. Opening diagram of an injection nozzle according to the invention shows. The injection nozzle according to the invention is able to periodically follow the mechanical movements of the electrical excitation with its stroke movements due to the above-mentioned quick response of its parts, in particular with proportional drive. The modulation shown in FIG. 1 relates to an embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3. The excitation frequencies for this stroke movement are optimally in the range from 5 KHz to 20 KHz, that is to say far below ultrasonic atomizing frequencies. This dimensioning applies both to injection nozzles or valves in low-pressure systems (approx. 3 bar) and to those with a customary diameter (0.3 to 1 mm) of the nozzle.
Figur 2 zeigt einen prinzipiellen Aufbau einer erfindungsge- äßeπ Einspritzdüse 10 mit überlagerter, rasch wechselnder Hubbewegung der Düsennadel.FIG. 2 shows a basic structure of an injection nozzle 10 according to the invention with a superimposed, rapidly changing stroke movement of the nozzle needle.
Figur 3 zeigt eine entsprechende Ausführungsform mit Hubbe¬ wegung des (Ventil-)Sitzes der Einspritzdüse 20.FIG. 3 shows a corresponding embodiment with a stroke movement of the (valve) seat of the injector 20.
Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen in Seiten- und in Frontansicht eine Ausführungsform 40 mit einer Vorrichtung zum M'odulieren der wirksamen Einspritzöffnung.Figures 4 and 5 show in side and front view of an embodiment 40 of an apparatus for M 'odulieren the effective injection port.
Figur 6 zeigt eine piezokeramische Antriebseinrichtung.Figure 6 shows a piezoceramic drive device.
Figur 7 zeigt eine agnetostriktive Antriebseinrichtung undFIG. 7 shows an agnetostrictive drive device and
Figur 8 eine elektrodynamische Antriebseinrichtung für eine erfindungsgemäße Einspritzdüse. Figur 9 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Einspritzdüse in kompletter Ausführung.Figure 8 shows an electrodynamic drive device for an injection nozzle according to the invention. FIG. 9 shows a complete configuration of an injection nozzle according to the invention.
In Figur 2 ist mit 11 die Düsennadel bezeichnet, die auch als Ventilnadel wirkt. Sie befindet sich in demjenigen Düεenteil 12, das als Düsenöffnung 13 die dargestellte Bohrung besitzt. Ist die Einspritzdüse geschlossen, so verschließt das vordere Ende der Düsennadel 11 die Düsenöffnung 13. Mit 14 ist auf die steuerbare Beweglichkeit der Düsennadel 11 hingewiesen. Im ge- öffneten Zustand der Einspritzdüse strömt mit 15 angedeuteter Kraftstoff entlang der Düsennadel 11 und innerhalb des Düsen¬ teils 12 zur Düsenöffnung 13, um einen die dargestellte Charakteristik 15 aufweisenden Einspritzstrahl mit Kegelform zu bilden. Diese Strahlform 15 ergibt sich dadurch, daß der in Öffnungsposition befindlichen Düsennadel 11 die mit 14 angedeutete zusätzliche wechselnde Hubbewegung überlagert ist. Mit 16 ist auf die bereits oben angesprochene (hier sogar noch verkürzt dargestellte) Wegstrecke hingewiesen, innerhalb der, ausgehend von der Düsenöffnung 13, der ausgespritzte Kegelstrahl noch keine wesentliche Zerteilung in Tröpfchen aufweist. Dies zeigt im übrigen deutlich den Unterschied zu Ultraschall-Kraftstoffzerstäubung, bei der die Tröpfchen am schwingenden Teil entstehen und von diesem ausgehen.In Figure 2, 11 denotes the nozzle needle, which also acts as a valve needle. It is located in the nozzle part 12 which has the bore shown as the nozzle opening 13. If the injection nozzle is closed, the front end of the nozzle needle 11 closes the nozzle opening 13. The controllable mobility of the nozzle needle 11 is indicated at 14. In the opened state of the injection nozzle, fuel indicated with 15 flows along the nozzle needle 11 and within the nozzle part 12 to the nozzle opening 13, in order to form an injection jet with the characteristic 15 shown, with a conical shape. This jet shape 15 results from the fact that the nozzle needle 11 in the open position is superimposed on the additional alternating stroke movement indicated by 14. At 16, reference is made to the path already mentioned above (even shown in a shortened form here), within which, starting from the nozzle opening 13, the sprayed-out cone jet does not yet have a substantial division into droplets. Incidentally, this clearly shows the difference to ultrasonic fuel atomization, in which the droplets form on and emanate from the vibrating part.
Bezüglich der Figur 3 kann weitgehend auf zur Figur 2 beschrie¬ bene Einzelheiten verwiesen werden. Zur Figur 2 bereits be¬ schriebene Bezugszeichen haben in Figur 3 gleiche oder wenigstens sinngemäße Bedeutung. Für die Ausführungsform nach Figur 3 ist wechselnde Hubbewegung für das Düsenteil 12 mit der Düsenöffnung 13 vorgesehen. Für eine Ausführungsform nach Figur 3 ergibt sich eine- Strahlform, die im wesentlichen derjenigen der Ausführungsform nach Figur 2 entspricht.With regard to FIG. 3, reference can largely be made to the details described for FIG. 2. Reference numerals already described for FIG. 2 have the same or at least meaningful meaning in FIG. 3. For the embodiment according to FIG. 3, alternating stroke movement is provided for the nozzle part 12 with the nozzle opening 13. For an embodiment according to FIG. 3, a beam shape results which essentially corresponds to that of the embodiment according to FIG. 2.
Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen eine im Bereich der Düsenöffnung 13 am Düsenteil 12 angebrachte Zusatzeinrichtung. Die Figur 5 zeigt eine zur Figur 4 gehörende stirnseitige Ansicht, d.h. eine Ansicht entgegen dem ausgespritzten Strahl. Diese zusätzliche Einrichtung 51 der eigentlichen Einspritzdüse der Figuren 4 und 5 bestehen aus z.B. vier stabförmigen Fortsetzungen 151, die jede für sich zu Hubbewegungen anzuregen sind. Diese Hubbewegungen sind mit den einzelnen Pfeilen 54 angedeutet. Diese Hubbewegungen 54 sind Biegebewegungen der Teile 151. Diese Teile 151 bilden Längsführungen für den aus der Düsenöffnung 13 austretenden Kraftstoffstrahl 45. Die zu dessen Strahlrichtung transversalen wechselnden Hubbewegungen 54 führen zur einer wie mit 55 dargestellten Strahlform.FIGS. 4 and 5 show an additional device attached to the nozzle part 12 in the region of the nozzle opening 13. FIG. 5 shows an end view belonging to FIG. 4, ie a view against the sprayed jet. This additional device 51 of the actual injection nozzle of FIGS. 4 and 5 consist of, for example, four rod-shaped extensions 151, each of which are to be excited to perform lifting movements. These lifting movements are indicated by the individual arrows 54. These stroke movements 54 are bending movements of the parts 151. These parts 151 form longitudinal guides for the fuel jet 45 emerging from the nozzle opening 13. The alternating stroke movements 54, which are transverse to its jet direction, lead to a jet shape as shown at 55.
Das Antriebselement 6 nach Figur 6* besteht aus einem Stapel piezoelektrisch anregbarer Scheiben 61. Diese Scheiben sind mit nicht dargestellten flächigen Elektroden versehen. Solche Stapel sind an sich prinzipiell bekannt und sie werden auch im vorliegenden Falle mit gesteuerter elektrischer Spannung ge- speist. Insbesondere erfolgt Speisung mit Wechselspannung, un zwar vorzugsweise mit einer solchen mit einer derartigen Frequenz, die zu Resonanzschwingungsbewegungen der Hubbewegung 114 des Stapels bzw. des Antriebes 6 führt.The drive element 6 according to FIG. 6 * consists of a stack of piezoelectrically excitable disks 61. These disks are provided with flat electrodes, not shown. Such stacks are known in principle and are also supplied with controlled electrical voltage in the present case. In particular, AC voltage is supplied, preferably with such a frequency that leads to resonant oscillatory movements of the lifting movement 114 of the stack or of the drive 6.
Die Figur 7 zeigt eine magnetostriktive Ausführungsform 7 eines Antriebes. Mit 71 ist ein zu Magnetostriktions-Bewegun- gen anregbarer Stab bezeichnet, der sich im Inneren einer Magnetfeldspule 72 befindet. Diese Magnetfeldspule 72 wird mit elektrischer Spannung gespeist, und zwar vorzugsweise wiederum. mit einer Frequenz, die zu Resonanz mit einer Eigenschwingung des Stabes 71 führt, die zu entsprechend großer Hubamplitude der Hubbewegung 114 führt.FIG. 7 shows a magnetostrictive embodiment 7 of a drive. 71 denotes a rod which can be excited to magnetostriction movements and which is located inside a magnetic field coil 72. This magnetic field coil 72 is supplied with electrical voltage, preferably again. at a frequency that leads to resonance with a natural oscillation of the rod 71, which leads to a correspondingly large stroke amplitude of the stroke movement 114.
In Figur 8 ist ein Antrieb 8 mit Tauchspule 81 und Topfmagnet 82 dargestellt, wie er prinzipiell von Lautsprechern her bekannt ist. Eine solche Einrichtung führt bei entsprechender elektrischer Wechselanreguπg zu mechanischen Hubbewegungen 114. Es kann auch hier Resonanzanregung bewirkt werden.FIG. 8 shows a drive 8 with plunger coil 81 and pot magnet 82, as is known in principle from loudspeakers. With a corresponding electrical alternating excitation, such a device leads to mechanical lifting movements 114. Resonance excitation can also be effected here.
Figur 9 zeigt ein Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Einspritz¬ düse. Zu den vorangehend beschriebenen Figuren angegebene Einzelheiten haben in Figur 9 dieselbe Bedeutung. Mit 91 ist ein Aktuator, beispielsweise ein Stapel aus piezo¬ elektrischen Platten bestehend, bezeichnet. Durch Anlegen elektrischer Spannung zwischen den Anschlüssen 92 und 93 ändert dieser Aktuator seine Länge und treibt damit den Stößel 94 und die mit dem Stößel 94 verbundene Düsennadel 11 an. Der Aktuator 91 dient zum Öffnen und Schließen des Ventils durch Bewegung der Ventilnadel 11. Mit 95 ist die Zuflußöffnung der Einspritzdüse für den Kraftstoff bezeichnet.FIG. 9 shows an example of an injection nozzle according to the invention. The details given for the figures described above have the same meaning in FIG. 91 designates an actuator, for example a stack consisting of piezoelectric plates. By applying electrical voltage between the connections 92 and 93, this actuator changes its length and thus drives the plunger 94 and the nozzle needle 11 connected to the plunger 94. The actuator 91 is used to open and close the valve by moving the valve needle 11. The inflow opening of the injection nozzle for the fuel is designated by 95.
Mit 96 ist zusammengenommen die Antriebseinrichtung für die erfindungsgemäß auszuführende Wechsel-Hubbewegung bezeichnet. Diese Antriebseinrichtung umfaßt bei diesem Beispiel mehrere Stapel 97 mit den elektrischen Anschlußleitungen 98 und 99. Zwischen die Anschlüsse 98 und 99 ist die Antriebs-Wechsel- Spannung für diese Hubbewegung anzulegen. Bei (wechselnder) Längenänderung der Plattenstapel 97 infolge des piezoelektri¬ schen Effekts ergibt sich entsprechende Längenänderung des Gehäuses 100 der Antriebseinrichtung 96. Da, wie aus der Figur ersichtlich, das äußere Gehäuse 12 der Einspritzdüse (abge- dichtet) geteilt ist, führt dieses Düsenteil 12 durch das Arbeiten des Antriebs 96 die erfindungsgemäßen Wechsel-Hub¬ bewegungen aus, und zwar gegenüber der bei diesem Beispiel in geδffentem Zustand stillstehenden Düsennadel. Dies entspricht der schon oben im Zusammenhang mit der Figur 3 beschriebenen Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung. The drive device for the alternating lifting movement to be carried out according to the invention is designated by 96. In this example, this drive device comprises a plurality of stacks 97 with the electrical connecting lines 98 and 99. The alternating drive voltage for this lifting movement is to be applied between the connections 98 and 99. With (changing) changes in length of the plate stack 97 due to the piezoelectric effect, there is a corresponding change in length of the housing 100 of the drive device 96. Since, as can be seen from the figure, the outer housing 12 of the injection nozzle is divided (sealed), this nozzle part leads 12 by the operation of the drive 96, the alternating stroke movements according to the invention, in comparison with the nozzle needle which is stationary in this example in the open state. This corresponds to the embodiment variant of the invention already described above in connection with FIG. 3.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse für vorzugsweise Niederdruckein¬ spritzung bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, mit einer Düsenbohrung (13) und einer Düsennadel (11), wobei Düseπbohrung und Düsennadel gemeinsam eine Einspritzdüse (10, 20, 40) bilden, und mit einem Antrieb mit elektrischer Eingangsgröße, sowie mit Mitteln für eine dem geöffneten Zustand der Einspritzdüse (10, 20, 40) überlagerte wechselnde Hubbewegung (14, 24, 54) wenigstens eines solchen Anteils (11, 12, 51) der Einspritzdüse, der sich im Bereich der Ausbildung (15, 25, 55) des Einspritzstrahls der Einspritzdüse befindet, wobei diese Mittel mit elektrischer Eingangsgröße anregbar sind und konstruktiv so ausgebildet sind, daß mindestens eine solch kleine Periodendauer (T) für die Wechsel der Hubbewegung (114, 14, 24, 54) verfügbar ist, die mehrfach kleiner als die vorgegebene Mindestöffnungszeit (tαii - ts _._._π) der Einspritzdüse ist.1. Fuel injection nozzle for preferably low-pressure injection in internal combustion engines, with a nozzle bore (13) and a nozzle needle (11), the nozzle bore and nozzle needle jointly forming an injection nozzle (10, 20, 40), and with a drive with an electrical input variable, and with means for an alternating lifting movement (14, 24, 54) of at least one such portion (11, 12, 51) of the injection nozzle which is superimposed on the open state of the injection nozzle (10, 20, 40) and which is located in the area of the formation (15, 25, 55) of the injection jet of the injection nozzle, wherein these means can be excited with an electrical input variable and are designed such that at least such a small period (T) is available for changing the stroke movement (114, 14, 24, 54), which is several times smaller than the predetermined minimum opening time (tαii - ts _._._ π) of the injection nozzle.
2. Einspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h , daß die Periodendauer (T) einer Anregungsfrequenz zwischen 5 KHz und 20 KHz entsprechend bemessen ist.2. Injection nozzle according to claim 1, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h that the period (T) of an excitation frequency between 5 KHz and 20 KHz is dimensioned accordingly.
3. Einspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h , daß zusätzlich zur anzulegenden elektrischen Betätigungs- spannunqa (Uei.n/,aus„) zum Öffnen der Düse eine weitere Wechsel-3. The injector of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in addition to be applied electric actuating spannunq a (Uei.n / off ") for opening the nozzle, a further exchange
Spannung (Uy zur Anregung der Wechselhubbewegung (14, 24) vorgesehen ist.Voltage (Uy to excite the alternating stroke movement (14, 24) is provided.
4. Einspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, g e k e n n z e i c hn e t d a d u r c h , daß die Mittel zur Ausführung der Wechsel-Hubbewegung (114, 14, 24, 54) ein Rεsonanzsyste bilden.4. Injection nozzle according to claim 1, 2 or 3, g e k e n n z e i c hn e t d a d u r c h that the means for performing the alternating stroke movement (114, 14, 24, 54) form a resonance system.
5. Einspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h , daß die Mittel zur Anregung der Wechsel-Hubbewegung (114, 14, 24, 54) derart ausgebildet sind, daß die Düsennadel (11) diese Wechsel-Hubbewegungen ausführt. (Fig. 2)Injection nozzle according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the means for exciting the alternating stroke movement (114, 14, 24, 54) are designed in such a way that the nozzle needle (11) executes these alternating stroke movements. (Fig. 2)
6. Einspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h , daß die Mittel zur Anregung der Wechsel-Hubbewegung (114, 14, 24, 54) derart ausgebildet sind, daß ein Anteil der Düsenbohrung (12, 13) diese Wechsel-Hubbewegung ausführt. (Fig. 3)6. Injection nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means for exciting the alternating stroke movement (114, 14, 24, 54) are designed such that a portion of the nozzle bore (12, 13) executes this alternating stroke movement . (Fig. 3)
7. Einspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h , daß longitudinale Wec'hsel-Hubbewegung (14,24) vorgesehen ist.7. Injection nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 6, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h that longitudinal change-stroke movement (14, 24) is provided.
8. Einspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d ur c h , daß transversale Wechsel-Hubbewegung (54) vorgesehen ist.8. Injection nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 6, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d ur c h that transversal alternating stroke movement (54) is provided.
9. Einspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h , daß diese Mittel eine piezoelektrische Anregungseinrichtung (6) umfassen.9. Injection nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 8, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h that these means comprise a piezoelectric excitation device (6).
10. Einspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h , daß diese Mittel eine elektrodynamische Einrichtung (8) mit homogenem Magnetfeld umfassen.10. Injection nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 8, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h that these means comprise an electrodynamic device (8) with a homogeneous magnetic field.
11. Einspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h , daß diese Mittel eine magnetostriktive Einrichtung (7) umfassen.11. Injection nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 8, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h that these means comprise a magnetostrictive device (7).
12. Einspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a d u r c h , daß diese Mittel eine elektromagnetische Einrichtung (7, 8) umfassen. Injection nozzle according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that these means comprise an electromagnetic device (7, 8).
13. Betrieb einer Einspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d u r c h eine Anregung eines Anteils (11,12,51) der Düse (10,20,40) zu Hubbewegungen mit einer Wechselfrequenz zwischen 5 kHz und 20 KHz. 13. Operation of an injection nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 12, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d u r c h an excitation of a portion (11,12,51) of the nozzle (10,20,40) for stroke movements with an alternating frequency between 5 kHz and 20 KHz.
EP89910599A 1988-09-29 1989-09-28 Fuel injection nozzle with controllable fuel jet characteristic Expired - Lifetime EP0436586B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3833093A DE3833093A1 (en) 1988-09-29 1988-09-29 FUEL INJECTOR PROVIDED FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH CONTROLLABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FUEL JET
DE3833093 1988-09-29

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EP0436586A1 true EP0436586A1 (en) 1991-07-17
EP0436586B1 EP0436586B1 (en) 1992-12-02

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EP89117969A Expired - Lifetime EP0361480B1 (en) 1988-09-29 1989-09-28 Fuel injection nozzle for an internal-combustion engine with a controllable fuel-spray characteristic

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1990003512A1 (en) 1990-04-05
ES2015816A6 (en) 1990-09-01
DE58902915D1 (en) 1993-01-14
ES2031331T3 (en) 1992-12-01
US5199641A (en) 1993-04-06
EP0361480A1 (en) 1990-04-04
EP0436586B1 (en) 1992-12-02
EP0361480B1 (en) 1992-05-20
JPH04501153A (en) 1992-02-27
DE3833093A1 (en) 1990-04-12

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