EP0435893A1 - Installation for transporting and/or storing products affected by changes in temperature and humidity. - Google Patents

Installation for transporting and/or storing products affected by changes in temperature and humidity.

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Publication number
EP0435893A1
EP0435893A1 EP89910108A EP89910108A EP0435893A1 EP 0435893 A1 EP0435893 A1 EP 0435893A1 EP 89910108 A EP89910108 A EP 89910108A EP 89910108 A EP89910108 A EP 89910108A EP 0435893 A1 EP0435893 A1 EP 0435893A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
internal enclosure
enclosure
products
internal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89910108A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0435893B1 (en
Inventor
Denis Chicot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHICOT Denis
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0435893A1 publication Critical patent/EP0435893A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0435893B1 publication Critical patent/EP0435893B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/74—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • B65D88/745—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents blowing or injecting heating, cooling or other conditioning fluid inside the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2588/00—Large container
    • B65D2588/74—Large container having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • B65D2588/743—Large container having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents blowing or injecting heating, cooling or other conditioning fluid inside the container
    • B65D2588/746—Large container having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents blowing or injecting heating, cooling or other conditioning fluid inside the container with additional treatment function

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a new installation for the transport and / or storage of products sensitive to variations in temperature and humidity.
  • the present invention has two main fields of application: storage and transport.
  • the invention allows the realization of various storage facilities, such as silos, stores, warehouses, etc. and transport such as large containers, non-standard containers, pallet boxes, bags, cartons, packaging boxes, etc.
  • the products capable of being stored and / or transported, within the framework of the invention are on the one hand powdered or granulated products, such as in particular food products such as cocoa, and on the other hand any object or material sensitive to humidity and requiring limited humidity.
  • the invention allows the transport of a very wide range of goods between two countries with very different local temperatures.
  • the present invention aims to solve the aforementioned drawbacks, by proposing an installation for the transport and / or storage of products sensitive to temperature and humidity variations, of a new design, which makes it possible to avoid any deterioration of the products even when these undergo significant variations in temperature and / or humidity over time.
  • the invention is based on the application of the following three principles: 1 ° - Regulate the heat transfers of the content-container assembly, so that the temperature of the content always remains higher than the humid temperature of the air ( or neutral gas) in motion; 2 ° - Use the convection movements of the air (or of a neutral gas) to transport the calories and the humidity of the mass of the contents towards a chosen point of the container; 3 ° - Heat and dry the saturated air (or neutral gas) before it comes into contact with the product, using a heat exchanger. More specifically, the solution according to the invention, to solve the technical problem posed, consists of an installation for the transport and / or storage of products sensitive to temperature and humidity variations in an air or humidity environment.
  • neutral gas undergoing convection movements resulting in particular from temperature variations such as in particular food products such as cocoa
  • the present invention makes it possible for the first time to control and order the physical phenomena of air / product balance, while avoiding the loss of quality of the product stored or transported.
  • these processing means comprise a heat exchanger.
  • the aforementioned heat exchanger is arranged on the path of circulation of air or neutral gas, in the vicinity of the products, preferably in the lower part of said internal enclosure.
  • the aforementioned heat exchanger comprises an open cavity, preferably produced inside the thermally insulating wall forming the bottom of the aforementioned internal enclosure, and opening out:
  • this cavity is arranged substantially vertical to the upper opening of the internal enclosure, so as to create a chimney for the circulation of air or neutral gas.
  • the aforementioned heat exchanger further comprises a removable partition for separation with the products contained in the internal enclosure, produced for example in the form of a grid possibly connected to a plate disposed at the bottom of said internal enclosure.
  • this grid and this plate are made of a thermally conductive material, thus providing a thermal bridge between the internal volume of the aforementioned cavity and the internal enclosure.
  • the air-product balance conditions at the start and at the end allow us to understand the moisture transfers that occur inside a container. and their effect on the quality of the product transported.
  • the water content and the temperature of the product are generally homogeneous and the ambient air quickly equilibrates with the product without significant variation in its water content, even if this air has a temperature and hygrometry different from the equilibrium conditions.
  • Alternating humidity transfers for example following a daily cycle comprising a night minimum and a day maximum respectively lower and higher than the humid temperature of the internal air (dew point), are tolerable and do not cause loss product quality.
  • the outside temperature gradually decreases until it becomes permanently below the humid temperature of the internal air. The air-product balance is thus broken and there is great heterogeneity in the temperatures and in the water contents of the product inside its mass. In the case of cocoa, at the same time molds develop and possibly heaters in certain places.
  • This installation comprises an internal enclosure 1 intended to contain the products to be transported and / or stored.
  • the shape and dimensions of this enclosure 1 can be any and will be chosen according to the shapes and dimensions of the products to be transported and / or stored.
  • the internal enclosure 1 is thermally insulated, for example by means of insulating panels known per se, and comprises at least one opening in its upper and lower parts, allowing the circulation of air (or possibly neutral gas) through the Pregnant 1.
  • the enclosure 1 has an upper central opening 2 and a plurality of lower lateral openings 3 which will be described later.
  • This installation also includes an external enclosure 5 surrounding said internal enclosure 1 which, in the example shown has a generally parallelepiped shape.
  • the external enclosure 5 is thermally insulated with the exception of at least one part, for example the lower part "a" of its side walls.
  • the internal wall of the erfcei ⁇ te 5 is thermally insulated along its upper horizontal wall 6 as well as along the upper part 7 of its four vertical side walls.
  • the thermal insulation of the bottom wall 8 of the enclosure 5 is ensured by the panel insulating the bottom of the internal enclosure 1 which rests on the bottom 8 of the external enclosure 5.
  • the installation according to the invention finally comprises a heat exchanger which will be disposed on the path of circulation of the air or of the moving neutral gas, in the vicinity of the products, for example in the lower part of the internal enclosure 1.
  • this heat exchanger comprises an open cavity 9 opening on the one hand to its upper part in the internal enclosure 1 and on the other hand, via channels joining the openings 3, in the volume between the indoor 1 and outdoor 5 speakers.
  • the cavity 9 can be produced in the form of a channel, for example a parallelepiped, extending longitudinally in the middle part of the internal enclosure 1, and communicating via an assembly of channels 12 extending parallel and transversely to said channel, with 1. space between the inner enclosures 1 and outer 5.
  • the cavity 9 and the channels 12 will be made in the bottom insulating panel of the internal enclosure 1.
  • the cavity 9 is preferably arranged vertically, relative to the opening 2, so as to create a "chimney" in which the moving air will circulate.
  • This heat exchanger will further comprise a removable partition 10 for separation with the products contained in the internal enclosure 1.
  • This partition will for example be produced in the form of a perforated plate forming a grid possibly connected to a plate 13 forming a floor on which the products to be transported and / or stored rest.
  • the cavity-grid-floor assembly thus constitutes the heat exchanger.
  • the cavity 9 is accessible from its upper part and it is possible, for example, to introduce therein absorbent and / or adsorbent products and / or of a nature to increase the thermal mass of the exchanger.
  • the non-insulated part of the side walls cools the descending air and starts moving in the direction indicated by the arrows.
  • this internal air When the outside temperature is below the dew point of the internal air, this internal air while descending along the non-insulated part becomes saturated, releasing water by condensation on the cold wall of the external enclosure 5.
  • the condensation water flows along this wall and is collected in a condensate recovery zone 16 located at the bottom of the enclosure 5, between the side walls facing the internal 1 and external speakers 5.
  • the relatively cold air (for example 17 to 18 ° C) saturated enters the channels 12 through the openings 3 , then in the cavity 9 which then acts as a heat exchanger since it is in close proximity to the mass of the products, and consequently at the same relatively high temperature (27/28 ° C).
  • the air entering the cavity 9 is heated (for example to a temperature of 23/24 ° C) and its relative humidity decreases to a value lower than the relative humidity of air-product balance (for example 65 to 70%).
  • the air heats up on contact with the product (for example up to a temperature of 25 ° C) while being charged with humidity (tendency towards air-product equilibrium).
  • the air reaches a temperature and a relative humidity substantially equal to that of the product (for example a temperature of 25 to 26 ° C and a relative humidity of about 75%).
  • the invention allows the transport and / or storage of a wide range of products. These products can be transported both in bags and in bulk, which allows to take full advantage of the economic interest of the container.
  • the homogeneity and progressiveness of the cooling and drying guarantees the perfect preservation of the initial qualities and properties of the products.
  • the invention also covers a method of storing products sensitive to variations in temperature and / or humidity, such as in particular food products such as cocoa, contained in devices in which said products are in a container. environment of neutral air or gas undergoing convection movements resulting in particular from temperature variations, characterized in that:
  • an internal enclosure (1) thermally insulated, intended to contain said products and comprising in its upper and lower parts at least one opening (2, 3) allowing the circulation of air or neutral gas through said enclosure; .
  • an external enclosure (5) surrounding said internal enclosure (1) and the internal wall of which is thermally insulated, with the exception of at least part of its side walls, for example the bottom part, and in that the '' the air or neutral gas flowing through the products is treated so as to lower the relative humidity of the air or neutral gas entering said internal enclosure, preferably to a lower value at the relative air-product equilibrium humidity.
  • the present invention is based on a static heat exchange between a product contained in a partially or completely enclosed volume and the ambient interstitial gas (possibly air).
  • One of the original features of the invention is not to use mechanical means to control the temperature and / or the hygrometric degree of a gas, but to use a static heat exchanger.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une installation pour le transport et/ou le stockage de produits sensibles aux variations de température et d'humidité. Selon l'invention, cette installation comprend: une enceinte interne (1), thermiquement isolée, destinée à contenir lesdits produits et comportant en ses parties supérieure et inférieure au moins une ouverture (2, 3) permettant la circulation de l'air ou du gaz neutre environnant au travers de ladite enceinte interne (1); une enceinte externe (5) entourant ladite enceinte interne (1), thermiquement isolée, à l'exception d'au moins une partie, par exemple la partie basse de ses parois latérales; et des moyens de traitement de l'air ou du gaz neutre circulant au travers de l'enceinte interne (1), destinés à abaisser l'humidité relative de l'air ou du gaz neutre entrant dans ladite enceinte interne, de préférence jusqu'à une valeur inférieure à l'humidité relative d'équilibre air-produit. L'invention trouve notamment application pour le transport et/ou le stockage de produits alimentaires et en particulier de cacao.The present invention relates to an installation for the transport and / or storage of products sensitive to variations in temperature and humidity. According to the invention, this installation comprises: an internal enclosure (1), thermally insulated, intended to contain said products and comprising in its upper and lower parts at least one opening (2, 3) allowing the circulation of air or surrounding neutral gas through said internal enclosure (1); an external enclosure (5) surrounding said internal enclosure (1), thermally insulated, with the exception of at least a part, for example the lower part of its side walls; and means for treating the air or neutral gas flowing through the internal enclosure (1), intended to lower the relative humidity of the air or neutral gas entering said internal enclosure, preferably up to at a value lower than the air-product equilibrium relative humidity. The invention finds application in particular for the transport and / or storage of food products and in particular cocoa.

Description

Installation pour le transport et/ou le stockage de produits sensibles aux variations de température et d'humidité. Installation for the transport and / or storage of products sensitive to variations in temperature and humidity.
L'invention a pour objet une nouvelle installation pûur le transport et/ou le stockage de produits sensibles aux variations de température et- d'humidité.The subject of the invention is a new installation for the transport and / or storage of products sensitive to variations in temperature and humidity.
Ainsi, la présente invention a deux champs principaux d'application : le stockage et le transport.Thus, the present invention has two main fields of application: storage and transport.
Plus précisément, l'invention permet la réalisation de diverses installations de stockage, comme par exemple des silos, magasins, entrepôts, etc. et de transport comme par exemple des conteneurs de grandes dimensions, des conteneurs hors normes, des caisses-pallettes, sacs, cartons, boîtes d'emballage, etc.More specifically, the invention allows the realization of various storage facilities, such as silos, stores, warehouses, etc. and transport such as large containers, non-standard containers, pallet boxes, bags, cartons, packaging boxes, etc.
Les produits susceptibles d'être stockés et/ou transportés, dans le cadre de l'invention, sont d'une part les produits pulvérulents ou granulés, tels que en particulier des produits alimentaires comme le cacao, et d'autre part tout objet ou matériel sensible à l'humidité et exigeant une hygrométrie limitée.The products capable of being stored and / or transported, within the framework of the invention, are on the one hand powdered or granulated products, such as in particular food products such as cocoa, and on the other hand any object or material sensitive to humidity and requiring limited humidity.
Dans le domaine particulier du transport, l'invention permet le transport d'une gamme très étendue de marchandises entre deux pays de températures locales très différentes.In the particular field of transport, the invention allows the transport of a very wide range of goods between two countries with very different local temperatures.
Jusqu'à présent, le transport de produits agricoles tropicaux des pays producteurs à climat chaud et humide vers des pays consommateurs à climat tempéré ou froid s'accompagne inévitablement de phénomènes physiques de désorption, adsorption et condensation, c'est-à-dire de transfert d'humidité à l'intérieur du volume relativement clos que constitue par exemple un conteneur ou une caisse-pallette.Until now, the transport of tropical agricultural products from producing countries with hot and humid climates to consuming countries with temperate or cold climates is inevitably accompanied by physical phenomena of desorption, adsorption and condensation, i.e. moisture transfer inside the relatively closed volume that constitutes for example a container or a pallet box.
Ces phénomènes physiques sont à l'origine de graves dégradations des produits transportés. Certains systèmes mis en place dans des conteneurs spécialisés, tels que ventilation naturelle, double cloison, double plancher, faux plafond, absorbant, etc. ont pu limiter, ralentir ou retarder les phénomènes de désorption, mais aucun n'a donné entière satisfaction et n'a permis d'éviter les dégradations de αualité constatées à l'arrivée, notamment dans le cas du cacao. La présente invention a pour but de résoudre les inconvénients précités, en proposant une installation pour le transport et/ou le stockage de produits sensibles aux variations de température et d'humidité, d'une nouvelle conception, qui permette d'éviter toute dégratioπ des produits même lorsque ces derniers subissent au cours du temps, des variations importantes de température et/ou d'humidité.These physical phenomena are the cause of serious degradation of the products transported. Some systems installed in specialized containers, such as natural ventilation, double partition, double floor, false ceiling, absorbent, etc. were able to limit, slow down or delay the phenomena of desorption, but none gave full satisfaction and made it possible to avoid the deterioration in quality observed on arrival, in particular in the case of cocoa. The present invention aims to solve the aforementioned drawbacks, by proposing an installation for the transport and / or storage of products sensitive to temperature and humidity variations, of a new design, which makes it possible to avoid any deterioration of the products even when these undergo significant variations in temperature and / or humidity over time.
L'invention est basée sur l'application des trois principes suivants : 1°- Réguler les transferts thermiques de l'ensemble contenu-contenant, de façon à ce que la température du contenu reste toujours supérieure à la température humide de l'air (ou d'un gaz neutre) en mouvement ; 2°- Utiliser les mouvements de convection de l'air (ou d'un gaz neutre) pour transporter les calories et l'humidité de la masse du contenu vers un point choisi du contenant ; 3°- Réchauffer et assécher l'air (ou un gaz neutre) saturé avant qu'il ne rentre en contact avec le produit, au moyen d'un échangeur thermique. Plus précisément, la solution conforme à l'invention, pour résoudre le problème technique posé consiste en une installation pour le transport et/ou le stockage de produits sensibles aux variations de température et d'humidité se trouvant dans un environnement d'air ou de gaz neutre subissant des mouvements de convection résultant notamment de variations de température, tels que en particulier des produits alimentaires comme le cacao, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend : . une enceinte interne (1) , thermiquement isolée, destinée à contenir lesdits produits et comportant en ses parties supérieure et inférieure au moins une ouverture (2, 3) permettant la circulation de l'air ou du gaz neutre environnant au travers de ladite enceinte interne (1) ; . une enceinte externe (5) entourant ladite enceinte interne (1) , thermiquement isolée, à l'exception d'au moins une partie de ses parois latérales, par exemple la partie basse ; etThe invention is based on the application of the following three principles: 1 ° - Regulate the heat transfers of the content-container assembly, so that the temperature of the content always remains higher than the humid temperature of the air ( or neutral gas) in motion; 2 ° - Use the convection movements of the air (or of a neutral gas) to transport the calories and the humidity of the mass of the contents towards a chosen point of the container; 3 ° - Heat and dry the saturated air (or neutral gas) before it comes into contact with the product, using a heat exchanger. More specifically, the solution according to the invention, to solve the technical problem posed, consists of an installation for the transport and / or storage of products sensitive to temperature and humidity variations in an air or humidity environment. neutral gas undergoing convection movements resulting in particular from temperature variations, such as in particular food products such as cocoa, characterized in that it comprises:. an internal enclosure (1), thermally insulated, intended to contain said products and comprising in its upper and lower parts at least one opening (2, 3) allowing the circulation of the surrounding air or neutral gas through said internal enclosure (1); . an external enclosure (5) surrounding said internal enclosure (1), thermally insulated, with the exception of at least part of its side walls, for example the lower part; and
. des moyens de traitement de l'air ou du gaz neutre circulant au travers de l'enceinte interne (1), destinés à abaisser l'humidité relative de l'air ou du gaz neutre entrant dans ladite enceinte interne, de préférence jusqu'à une valeur inférieure à l'humidité relative d'équilibre air-produit. Ainsi, la présente invention permet pour la première fois de maîtriser et d'ordonner les phénomènes physiques d'équilibre air/produit, en évitant les pertes de qualité du produit stocké ou transporté.. means for treating the air or neutral gas circulating in the through the internal enclosure (1), intended to lower the relative humidity of the air or of the neutral gas entering said internal enclosure, preferably to a value lower than the relative humidity of air-product equilibrium . Thus, the present invention makes it possible for the first time to control and order the physical phenomena of air / product balance, while avoiding the loss of quality of the product stored or transported.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, ces moyens de traitement comprennent un échangeur thermique. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'échangeur thermique précité est disposé sur le chemin de circulation de l'air ou du gaz neutre, au voisinage des produits, de préférence dans la partie inférieure de ladite enceinte interne. Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux de l'invention, l'échangeur thermique précité comprend une cavité ouverte, réalisée de préférence à l'intérieur de la paroi thermiquement isolante formant le fond de l'enceinte interne précitée, et débouchant :According to a particular embodiment of the invention, these processing means comprise a heat exchanger. According to another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned heat exchanger is arranged on the path of circulation of air or neutral gas, in the vicinity of the products, preferably in the lower part of said internal enclosure. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned heat exchanger comprises an open cavity, preferably produced inside the thermally insulating wall forming the bottom of the aforementioned internal enclosure, and opening out:
- d'une part, à sa partie supérieure dans ladite enceinte interne, et- on the one hand, at its upper part in said internal enclosure, and
- d'autre part, par exemple par l'intermédiaire de canaux, dans le volume compris entre lesdites enceintes intérieure et extérieure.- on the other hand, for example through channels, in the volume between said interior and exterior enclosures.
Avantageusement, cette cavité est disposée sensiblement à la verticale de l'ouverture supérieure de l'enceinte interne, de façon à créer une cheminée pour la circulation de l'air ou du gaz neutre.Advantageously, this cavity is arranged substantially vertical to the upper opening of the internal enclosure, so as to create a chimney for the circulation of air or neutral gas.
Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, l'échangeur thermique précité comprend en outre une cloison amovible de séparation avec les produits contenus dans l'enceinte interne, réalisée par exemple sous la forme d'une grille éventuellement reliée à une plaque disposée au fond de ladite enceinte interne.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned heat exchanger further comprises a removable partition for separation with the products contained in the internal enclosure, produced for example in the form of a grid possibly connected to a plate disposed at the bottom of said internal enclosure.
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, on peut prévoir dans ladite cavité et/ou dans la zone de récupération des condensats, des matières absorbantes, adsorbantes et/ou renforçant la masse thermique de l'échangeur ou de la zone de récupération des condensats, par exemple paille de fer.According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, one can provide in said cavity and / or in the condensate recovery zone, absorbent, adsorbent and / or reinforcing thermal mass of the exchanger or from the condensate recovery zone, for example iron wool.
Avantageusement, cette grille et cette plaque sont réalisées en une matière thermiquement conductrice réalisant ainsi un pont thermique entre le volume interne de la cavité précitée et l'enceinte interne.Advantageously, this grid and this plate are made of a thermally conductive material, thus providing a thermal bridge between the internal volume of the aforementioned cavity and the internal enclosure.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description explicative qui va suivre, faite en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemples non limitatifs illustrant un mode de réalisation actuellement préféré de l'invention et dans lesquels : - La figure 1 est une vue de principe en coupe frontale d'une installation conforme à la présente invention ; et - La figure 2 en est une vue partielle en perspective avec arrachement, illustrant la partie formant échangeur thermique de cette installation.The invention will be better understood and other objects, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly on reading the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended schematic drawings given solely by way of nonlimiting examples illustrating a currently preferred embodiment of the invention and in which: - Figure 1 is a front view in front section of an installation according to the present invention; and - Figure 2 is a partial perspective view with parts broken away, illustrating the part forming a heat exchanger of this installation.
Pour la clarté de la démonstration, on a choisi de décrire l'invention dans le cadre particulier de son application au transport de produits agricoles tropicaux des produits producteurs à climat chaud et humide vers des pays consommateurs à climat froid.For the sake of clarity of the demonstration, we have chosen to describe the invention in the particular context of its application to the transport of tropical agricultural products from producing products with a hot and humid climate to consuming countries with a cold climate.
Bien entendu, il ne s'agit là que d'un exemple particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention destiné à mieux faire comprendre les différents phénomènes physiques mis en jeu.Of course, this is only a particular example of implementation of the invention intended to better understand the different physical phenomena involved.
En prenant l'exemple d'un produit tel que le cacao-fève, les conditions d'équilibre air-produit au départ et à l'arrivée permettent de comprendre les transferts d'humidité qui se produisent à l'intérieur d'un conteneur et leur conséquence sur la qualité du produit transporté.Taking the example of a product such as cocoa beans, the air-product balance conditions at the start and at the end allow us to understand the moisture transfers that occur inside a container. and their effect on the quality of the product transported.
A la fermeture du conteneur dans le pays producteur, la teneur en eau et la température du produit sont généralement homogènes et l'air ambiant se met rapidement en équilibre avec le produit sans variation significative de sa teneur en eau, même si cet air a une température et une hygrométrie différentes des conditions d'équilibre. Des alternances de transfert d'humidité, par exemple suivant un cycle journalier comportant un minimum nocturne et un maximum diurne respectivement inférieur et supérieur à la température humide de l'air interne (point de rosée), sont tolérables et n'entraînent pas de perte de qualité du produit. Par contre, au cours du transport maritime, la température extérieure décroît progressivement jusqu'à devenir en permanence inférieure à la température humide de l'air interne. L'équilibre air-produit est ainsi rompu et il apparaît une grande hétérogénéité des températures et des teneurs en eau du produit à l'intérieur de sa masse. Dans le cas du cacao, dans le même temps se développent des moisissures et éventuellement des échauffe ents en certains endroits.When the container is closed in the producing country, the water content and the temperature of the product are generally homogeneous and the ambient air quickly equilibrates with the product without significant variation in its water content, even if this air has a temperature and hygrometry different from the equilibrium conditions. Alternating humidity transfers, for example following a daily cycle comprising a night minimum and a day maximum respectively lower and higher than the humid temperature of the internal air (dew point), are tolerable and do not cause loss product quality. On the other hand, during maritime transport, the outside temperature gradually decreases until it becomes permanently below the humid temperature of the internal air. The air-product balance is thus broken and there is great heterogeneity in the temperatures and in the water contents of the product inside its mass. In the case of cocoa, at the same time molds develop and possibly heaters in certain places.
De tels phénomènes se produisent dans tout volume totalement ou partiellement clos et peuvent être observés dans tous les types de conteneurs existant actuellement. Dans le cas particulier des conteneurs isothermes, c'est à l'ouverture des portes à l'arrivée que ces phénomènes se produisent inévitablement. En référence aux figures 1 et 2, on décrira maintenant les aménagements spécifiques d'une installation conforme à . l'invention.Such phenomena occur in any totally or partially enclosed volume and can be observed in all types of containers currently existing. In the particular case of insulated containers, it is at the opening of the doors on arrival that these phenomena inevitably occur. Referring to Figures 1 and 2, we will now describe the specific arrangements of an installation according to. the invention.
Cette installation comporte une enceinte interne 1 destinée à contenir les produits à transporter et/ou stocker. La forme et les dimensions de cette enceinte 1 peuvent être quelconques et seront choisies en fonction des formes et dimensions des produits à transporter et/ou stocker.This installation comprises an internal enclosure 1 intended to contain the products to be transported and / or stored. The shape and dimensions of this enclosure 1 can be any and will be chosen according to the shapes and dimensions of the products to be transported and / or stored.
L'enceinte interne 1 est thermiquement isolée, par exemple au moyen de panneaux isolants connus en soi, et comporte au moins une ouverture en ses parties supérieure et inférieure, permettant la circulation d'air (ou éventuellement de gaz neutre) au travers de l'enceinte 1.The internal enclosure 1 is thermally insulated, for example by means of insulating panels known per se, and comprises at least one opening in its upper and lower parts, allowing the circulation of air (or possibly neutral gas) through the Pregnant 1.
Dans l'exemple représenté, l'enceinte 1 comporte une ouverture supérieure 2 centrale et une pluralité d'ouvertures inférieures latérales 3 qui seront décrites ultérieurement. Cette installation comporte également une enceinte externe 5 entourant ladite enceinte interne 1 qui, dans l'exemple représenté a une forme généralement parallélépipédique. L'enceinte externe 5 est thermiquement isolée à l'exception d'au moins une partie, par exemple la partie basse "a" de ses parois latérales.In the example shown, the enclosure 1 has an upper central opening 2 and a plurality of lower lateral openings 3 which will be described later. This installation also includes an external enclosure 5 surrounding said internal enclosure 1 which, in the example shown has a generally parallelepiped shape. The external enclosure 5 is thermally insulated with the exception of at least one part, for example the lower part "a" of its side walls.
Ainsi, la paroi interne de l'erfceiπte 5 est thermiquement isolée le long de sa paroi horizontale supérieure 6 ainsi que le long de la partie supérieure 7 de ses quatre parois latérales verticales.Thus, the internal wall of the erfceiπte 5 is thermally insulated along its upper horizontal wall 6 as well as along the upper part 7 of its four vertical side walls.
L'isolation thermique de la paroi inférieure 8 de l'enceinte 5 est assurée par le panneau isolant le fond de l'enceinte interne 1 qui repose sur le fond 8 de l'enceinte externe 5.The thermal insulation of the bottom wall 8 of the enclosure 5 is ensured by the panel insulating the bottom of the internal enclosure 1 which rests on the bottom 8 of the external enclosure 5.
L'installation conforme à l'invention comprend enfin un echangeur thermique qui sera disposé sur le chemin de circulation de l'air ou du gaz neutre en mouvement, au voisinage des produits, par exemple dans la partie inférieure de l'enceinte interne 1.The installation according to the invention finally comprises a heat exchanger which will be disposed on the path of circulation of the air or of the moving neutral gas, in the vicinity of the products, for example in the lower part of the internal enclosure 1.
Dans le mode de réalisation actuellement préféré, cet echangeur thermique comprend une cavité ouverte 9 débouchant d'une part à sa partie supérieure dans l'enceinte interne 1 et d'autre part, par l'intermédiaire de canaux rejoignant les ouvertures 3, dans le volume compris entre les enceintes intérieure 1 et extérieure 5.In the currently preferred embodiment, this heat exchanger comprises an open cavity 9 opening on the one hand to its upper part in the internal enclosure 1 and on the other hand, via channels joining the openings 3, in the volume between the indoor 1 and outdoor 5 speakers.
Comme le montre la figure 2, la cavité 9 pourra être réalisée sous la forme d'un caniveau, par exemple parallélépipédique, s'étendant longitudinalement dans la partie médiane de l'enceinte interne 1, et communiquant par l'intermédiaire d'un ensemble de canaux 12 s'.étendant parallèlement et transversalement audit caniveau, avec 1.'espace compris entre les enceintes intérieure 1 et extérieure 5. Selon une variante préférée de réalisation, la cavité 9 et les canaux 12 seront réalisés dans le panneau isolant le fond de l'enceinte interne 1. La cavité 9 sera disposée de préférence verticalement, relativement à l'ouverture 2, de façon à créer une "cheminée" dans laquelle circulera l'air en mouvement. Cet echangeur thermique comprendra en outre une cloison amovible 10 de séparation avec les produits contenus dans l'enceinte interne 1. Cette cloison sera par exemple réalisée sous forme d'une plaque perforée formant grille éventuellement reliée à une plaque 13 formant plancher sur lequel reposent les produits à transporter et/ou stocker. L'ensemble cavité-grille-plancher constitue ainsi l'échangeur thermique.As shown in FIG. 2, the cavity 9 can be produced in the form of a channel, for example a parallelepiped, extending longitudinally in the middle part of the internal enclosure 1, and communicating via an assembly of channels 12 extending parallel and transversely to said channel, with 1. space between the inner enclosures 1 and outer 5. According to a preferred embodiment, the cavity 9 and the channels 12 will be made in the bottom insulating panel of the internal enclosure 1. The cavity 9 is preferably arranged vertically, relative to the opening 2, so as to create a "chimney" in which the moving air will circulate. This heat exchanger will further comprise a removable partition 10 for separation with the products contained in the internal enclosure 1. This partition will for example be produced in the form of a perforated plate forming a grid possibly connected to a plate 13 forming a floor on which the products to be transported and / or stored rest. The cavity-grid-floor assembly thus constitutes the heat exchanger.
Bien entendu, d'autres types d'échangeurs thermiques peuvent être utilisés en lieu et place de celui qui vient d'être décrit. En particulier, on peut concevoir un echangeur constitué d'un tube traversant le plancher et noyé dans la masse de produits à transporter et/ou stocker et dont l'extrémité supérieure serait réalisée en forme de U inversé ou tout autre type d'echangeur: Avantageusement, on disposera à chaque extrémité des canaux 12 des grilles 14, 15, dont la forme des ailettes (représentée schématiquement à la figure 1) permettra de rabattre les éventuelles gouttes de condensation vers l'extérieur de la cavité 9 au niveau de l'orifice débouchant dans ladite cavité et vers l'extérieur au niveau de l'orifice débouchant dans l'espace compris entre les enceintes interne 1 et externe 5.Of course, other types of heat exchangers can be used in place of the one just described. In particular, it is possible to design an exchanger consisting of a tube passing through the floor and embedded in the mass of products to be transported and / or stored and the upper end of which would be in the form of an inverted U or any other type of exchanger: Advantageously, there will be at each end of the channels 12 grids 14, 15, the shape of the fins (shown schematically in Figure 1) will reduce any drops of condensation to the outside of the cavity 9 at the orifice opening into said cavity and outwards at the level of the orifice opening into the space between the internal 1 and external 5 enclosures.
Grâce à la présence de la grille amovible 10, la cavité 9 est accessible par sa partie supérieure et l'on pourra y introduire par exemple des produits absorbants et/ou adsorbants et/ou de nature à augmenter la masse thermique de l'échangeur.Thanks to the presence of the removable grid 10, the cavity 9 is accessible from its upper part and it is possible, for example, to introduce therein absorbent and / or adsorbent products and / or of a nature to increase the thermal mass of the exchanger.
Le fonctionnement de l'installation qui vient d'être décrite est le suivant. Lorsque des produits sont introduits dans l'enceinte interne 1, par exemple au port d'embarquement où la température est relativement élevée (par exemple 28°C) , l'ensemble contenant-contenu se met en équilibre thermique.The operation of the installation which has just been described is as follows. When products are introduced into the internal enclosure 1, for example at the embarkation port where the temperature is relatively high (for example 28 ° C.), the container-content assembly is in thermal equilibrium.
Lorsque la température extérieure diminue, la partie non-isolée des parois latérales refroidit l'air qui descend et se met en mouvement dans le sens indiqué par les flèches.When the outside temperature decreases, the non-insulated part of the side walls cools the descending air and starts moving in the direction indicated by the arrows.
Lorsque la température extérieure est inférieure au point de rosée de l'air interne, cet air interne tout en descendant le long de la partie non isolée se sature, libérant de l'eau par condensation sur la paroi froide de l'enceinte externe 5. L'eau de condensation ruisselle le long de cette paroi et est recueillie dans une zone de récupération des condensats 16 située au fond de l'enceinte 5, entre les parois latérales en vis-à-vis des enceintes interne 1 et externe 5. L'air relativement froid (par exemple 17 à 18°C) saturé entre dans les canaux 12 par les ouvertures 3, puis dans la cavité 9 qui agit alors comme un echangeur thermique puisqu'elle est à proximité directe de la masse des produits, et par conséquent à la même température relativement élevée (27/28°C) .When the outside temperature is below the dew point of the internal air, this internal air while descending along the non-insulated part becomes saturated, releasing water by condensation on the cold wall of the external enclosure 5. The condensation water flows along this wall and is collected in a condensate recovery zone 16 located at the bottom of the enclosure 5, between the side walls facing the internal 1 and external speakers 5. The relatively cold air (for example 17 to 18 ° C) saturated enters the channels 12 through the openings 3 , then in the cavity 9 which then acts as a heat exchanger since it is in close proximity to the mass of the products, and consequently at the same relatively high temperature (27/28 ° C).
Compte tenu de l'importante chaleur spécifique des produits, l'air entrant dans la cavité 9 est réchauffé (par exemple à une température de 23/24°C) et son humidité relative diminue jusqu'à une valeur inférieure à l'humidité relative d'équilibre air-produit (par exemple 65 à 70 %) .Taking into account the high specific heat of the products, the air entering the cavity 9 is heated (for example to a temperature of 23/24 ° C) and its relative humidity decreases to a value lower than the relative humidity of air-product balance (for example 65 to 70%).
Ensuite, l'air se réchauffe au contact du produit (par exemple jusqu'à une température de 25°C) tout en se chargeant en humidité (tendance à l'équilibre air-produit).Then, the air heats up on contact with the product (for example up to a temperature of 25 ° C) while being charged with humidity (tendency towards air-product equilibrium).
Parvenu dans la partie supérieure de la cheminée naturelle formée dans le plan vertical de symétrie de l'enceinte interne 1, l'air atteint une température et une humidité relative sensiblement égales à celles du produit (par exemple une fempératue de 25 à 26°C et une humidité relative d'environ 75 %).Arrived in the upper part of the natural chimney formed in the vertical plane of symmetry of the internal enclosure 1, the air reaches a temperature and a relative humidity substantially equal to that of the product (for example a temperature of 25 to 26 ° C and a relative humidity of about 75%).
L'air ayant traversé la masse de produits ressort par l'ouverture supérieure 2 et se déplace dans l'espace libre situé entre les enceintes interne et externe ; le mouvement de convexion naturel représenté sur la figure 1 par des flèches, étant favorisé par le refroidissement de l'air situé près de la cloison froide.The air having passed through the mass of products leaves through the upper opening 2 and moves in the free space situated between the internal and external enclosures; the natural convection movement shown in Figure 1 by arrows, being favored by the cooling of the air located near the cold wall.
Comme on le comprend, il se produit un cycle qui refroidit et dessèche progressivement le cacao, sans qu'apparaissent les condensations et moisissures généralement observées dans les conteneurs-utilisés jusqu'à présent. L'homogénéité et la progressivité du refroidissement et de la dessiccation sont obtenus par la régulation des transferts thermiques et des transferts d'humidité.As can be understood, a cycle takes place which gradually cools and dries the cocoa, without the condensation and molds generally observed in the containers used to date appear. The homogeneity and progressiveness of the cooling and drying are obtained by the regulation of heat transfers and humidity transfers.
Cette régulation par convexion résulte de l'échange thermique et hydrique découlant de la conformation spécifique de l'installation conforme à l'invention. A ces transferts par convexion s'ajoutent des transferts par conduction des zones les plus chaudes vers les zones les plus froides de la masse, renforçant naturellement les effets d'homogénéité et de progressivité. Les avantages de 1_'installation conforme à l'invention sont donc nombreux.This convection regulation results from the heat and water exchange resulting from the specific conformation of the installation according to the invention. To these transfers by convection are added transfers by conduction from the hottest zones to the coldest zones of the mass, naturally reinforcing the effects of homogeneity and progressiveness. The advantages of the installation according to the invention are therefore numerous.
En particulier, l'invention permet le transport et/ou le stockage d'une large gamme de produits. Ces produits peuvent être transportés aussi bien en sacs qu'en vrac, ce qui permet de profiter pleinement de l'intérêt économique du conteneur.In particular, the invention allows the transport and / or storage of a wide range of products. These products can be transported both in bags and in bulk, which allows to take full advantage of the economic interest of the container.
L'homogénéité et la progressivité du refroidissement et de la dessiccation garantissent la conservation parfaite des qualités et propriétés initiales des produits.The homogeneity and progressiveness of the cooling and drying guarantees the perfect preservation of the initial qualities and properties of the products.
Il est bien entendu que l'invention couvre également un procédé de stockage de produits sensibles aux variations de température et/ou d'humidité, tels que en particulier des produits alimentaires comme le cacao, contenus dans des dispositifs dans lesquels lesdits produits sont dans un environnement d'air ou de gaz neutre subissant des mouvements de convection résultant notamment de variations de températures, caractérisé en ce que l'on prévoit :It is understood that the invention also covers a method of storing products sensitive to variations in temperature and / or humidity, such as in particular food products such as cocoa, contained in devices in which said products are in a container. environment of neutral air or gas undergoing convection movements resulting in particular from temperature variations, characterized in that:
. une enceinte interne (1), thermiquement isolée, destinée à contenir lesdits produits et comportant en ses parties supérieure et inférieure au moins une ouverture (2, 3) permettant la circulation d'air ou de gaz neutre au travers de ladite enceinte ; . une enceinte externe (5) , entourant ladite enceinte interne (1) et dont la paroi interne est thermiquement isolée, à l'exception .d'au moins une partie de ses parois latérales, par exemple la partie basse, et en ce que l'on procède à un traitement de l'air ou du gaz neutre circulant au travers des produits, de manière à abaisser l'humidité relative de l'air ou du gaz neutre entrant dans ladite enceinte interne, de préférence jusqu'à une valeur inférieure à l'humidité relative d'équilibre air-produit. Comme on le comprend, la présente invention est basée sur un échange thermique statique entre un produit contenu dans un volume partiellement ou totalement clos et le gaz interstitiel ambiant (éventuellement de l'air). L'une des originalités de l'invention est de ne pas utiliser de moyen mécanique pour contrôler la température et/ou le degré hygrométrique d'un gaz, mais d'utiliser un echangeur thermique statique. . an internal enclosure (1), thermally insulated, intended to contain said products and comprising in its upper and lower parts at least one opening (2, 3) allowing the circulation of air or neutral gas through said enclosure; . an external enclosure (5), surrounding said internal enclosure (1) and the internal wall of which is thermally insulated, with the exception of at least part of its side walls, for example the bottom part, and in that the '' the air or neutral gas flowing through the products is treated so as to lower the relative humidity of the air or neutral gas entering said internal enclosure, preferably to a lower value at the relative air-product equilibrium humidity. As will be understood, the present invention is based on a static heat exchange between a product contained in a partially or completely enclosed volume and the ambient interstitial gas (possibly air). One of the original features of the invention is not to use mechanical means to control the temperature and / or the hygrometric degree of a gas, but to use a static heat exchanger.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Installation pour le transport et/ou le stockage de produits sensibles aux variations de température et d'humidité se trouvant dans un environnement d'air ou de gaz neutre subissant des mouvements de convection résultant notamment de variations de température, tels que en particulier des produits alimentaires comme le cacao, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend : . une enceinte interne (1), thermiquement isolée, destinée à contenir lesdits produits et comportant en ses parties supérieure et inférieure au moins une ouverture (2, 3) permettant la circulation de l'air ou du gaz neutre environnant au travers de ladite enceinte interne (1) ; . une enceinte externe (5) entourant ladite enceinte interne (1) , thermiquement isolée, à l'exception d'au moins une partie de ses parois latérales, par exemple la partie basse ; et1. Installation for the transport and / or storage of products sensitive to temperature and humidity variations in an environment of neutral air or gas undergoing convection movements resulting in particular from temperature variations, such as in particular food products such as cocoa, characterized in that it comprises:. an internal enclosure (1), thermally insulated, intended to contain said products and comprising in its upper and lower parts at least one opening (2, 3) allowing the circulation of the surrounding air or neutral gas through said internal enclosure (1); . an external enclosure (5) surrounding said internal enclosure (1), thermally insulated, with the exception of at least part of its side walls, for example the lower part; and
. des moyens de traitement de l'air ou du gaz neutre circulant au travers de l'enceinte interne (1), destinés à abaisser l'humidité relative de l'air ou du gaz neutre entrant dans ladite enceinte interne, de préférence jusqu'à une valeur inférieure à l'humidité relative d'équilibre air-produit.. means for treating the air or the neutral gas flowing through the internal enclosure (1), intended to lower the relative humidity of the air or the neutral gas entering said internal enclosure, preferably up to a value lower than the relative air-product equilibrium humidity.
2. Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de traitement précités comprennent un echangeur thermique.2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned treatment means comprise a heat exchanger.
3. Installation selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur thermique précité est disposé sur le chemin de circulation de l'air ou du gaz neutre, au voisinage des produits, de préférence dans la partie inférieure de ladite enceinte interne.3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the aforementioned heat exchanger is disposed on the path of circulation of air or neutral gas, in the vicinity of the products, preferably in the lower part of said internal enclosure.
4. Installation selon la revendication 2 ou 3 et se trouvant dans un environnement d'air ou de gaz neutre subissant des mouvements de convection résultant notamment de variations de température, caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur thermique précité comprend une cavité ouverte (9) réalisée de préférence à l'intérieure de la paroi thermiquement isolante formant le fond de ladite enceinte interne (1), et débouchant d'une part à sa partie supérieure dans ladite enceinte interne (1) et d'autre part, par l'intermédiaire de canaux (12) dans le volume compris entre lesdites enceintes intérieure (1) et extérieure (5) .4. Installation according to claim 2 or 3 and being in an air or neutral gas environment undergoing convection movements resulting in particular from temperature variations, characterized in that the aforementioned heat exchanger comprises an open cavity (9) preferably made inside the thermally insulating wall forming the bottom of said internal enclosure (1), and opening on the one hand at its upper part into said internal enclosure (1) and on the other hand, by through channels (12) in the volume between said interior (1) and exterior (5) enclosures.
5. Installation selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la cavité ouverte (9) précitée est disposée sensiblement à la verticale de l'ouverture supérieure (2) de l'enceinte interne, de façon à créer une cheminée pour la circulation de l'air ou du gaz neutre précité.5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the aforementioned open cavity (9) is arranged substantially vertical to the upper opening (2) of the internal enclosure, so as to create a chimney for the circulation of the air or neutral gas mentioned above.
6. Installation selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur thermique précité comprend une cloison de préférence amovible de séparation avec les produits contenus dans l'enceinte interne (1), réalisée par exemple sous la forme d'une plaque perforée formant grille (10) éventuellement reliée à une plaque (13) disposée au fond de ladite enceinte interne (1) , et formant plancher. 6. Installation according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the aforementioned heat exchanger comprises a preferably removable partition wall with the products contained in the internal enclosure (1), produced for example in the form of a plate perforated forming a grid (10) possibly connected to a plate (13) disposed at the bottom of said internal enclosure (1), and forming a floor.
7. Installation selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la grille (10) et la plaque (13) sont réalisées en une matière thermiquement conductrice réalisant ainsi un pont thermique entre le volume interne de la cavité (9) précitée et l'enceinte interne (1) . 7. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the grid (10) and the plate (13) are made of a thermally conductive material thus achieving a thermal bridge between the internal volume of the cavity (9) above and the enclosure internal (1).
8. Installation selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu dans la cavité (9) et/ou dans la zone de récupération des condensats (16), des matières absorbantes, adsorbantes et/ou renforçant la masse thermique de l'échangeur ou de la zone de récupération des condensats, par exemple paille de fer. 8. Installation according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it is provided in the cavity (9) and / or in the condensate recovery zone (16), absorbent, adsorbent and / or reinforcing materials the thermal mass of the exchanger or of the condensate recovery zone, for example iron wool.
EP89910108A 1988-09-22 1989-09-07 Installation for transporting and/or storing products affected by changes in temperature and humidity Expired - Lifetime EP0435893B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8812400 1988-09-22
FR8812400A FR2636607B1 (en) 1988-09-22 1988-09-22 PLANT FOR THE TRANSPORT AND / OR STORAGE OF PRODUCTS SENSITIVE TO TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY VARIATIONS
PCT/FR1989/000448 WO1990003321A1 (en) 1988-09-22 1989-09-07 Installation for transporting and/or storing products affected by changes in temperature and humidity

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EP0435893A1 true EP0435893A1 (en) 1991-07-10
EP0435893B1 EP0435893B1 (en) 1994-08-24

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EP (1) EP0435893B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE110341T1 (en)
AU (1) AU4217389A (en)
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FR (1) FR2636607B1 (en)
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US5335425A (en) * 1991-08-14 1994-08-09 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dry-processing apparatus for heating and drying objects to be processed
JPH06170527A (en) * 1992-12-08 1994-06-21 Makoto Nishimura Device for moisture-proofing powdery flux for brazing
US6785981B1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2004-09-07 In-O-Vate Technologies Restriction detecting systems for clothes dryer exhaust systems
WO2005018410A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2005-03-03 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Method for operating a device with at least one partial programme step of drying
EP2443050B1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2015-08-05 Carrier Corporation Temperature-controlled cargo container with air distribution
CN112061615B (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-01-26 山东畜牧兽医职业学院 Side wall air-permeable storage bin for bran materials and granular materials

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DE1283739B (en) * 1965-02-01 1968-11-21 Grace W R & Co Container for transporting green coffee beans
FR2163344B1 (en) * 1971-12-15 1976-04-02 Transatlantique Cie G E
DE2947759C2 (en) * 1979-11-27 1982-11-04 Alexander 2067 Reinfeld Kückens Method of drying grain in bulk

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ATE110341T1 (en) 1994-09-15
DE68917735D1 (en) 1994-09-29
FR2636607A1 (en) 1990-03-23
AU4217389A (en) 1990-04-18
DE68917735T2 (en) 1994-12-22
WO1990003321A1 (en) 1990-04-05
FR2636607B1 (en) 1991-07-05
EP0435893B1 (en) 1994-08-24
US5154008A (en) 1992-10-13
OA09093A (en) 1991-10-31

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