EP0434564A1 - Method for separating parts of fibrous materials - Google Patents
Method for separating parts of fibrous materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0434564A1 EP0434564A1 EP90403704A EP90403704A EP0434564A1 EP 0434564 A1 EP0434564 A1 EP 0434564A1 EP 90403704 A EP90403704 A EP 90403704A EP 90403704 A EP90403704 A EP 90403704A EP 0434564 A1 EP0434564 A1 EP 0434564A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibrous materials
- materials according
- treatment
- cryogenic fluid
- treating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
- D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
- D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
- D01B1/30—Details of machines
- D01B1/40—Arrangements for disposing of non-fibrous materials
- D01B1/42—Arrangements for disposing of non-fibrous materials employing liquids
Definitions
- fiber plants or coarse fibers are most often subjected to chemical, physical or biological transformations, or to a combination of various treatments in order to promote the separation of the different parties or prepare them for these transformations.
- Hemp is also placed on the ground for a relatively long period of time to allow soil microorganisms to begin biodegradation of pectic cements.
- the heterogeneous aspect of rusting on the ground is also a source of difficulties in the transformation and elaboration chain of the final product.
- the method according to the invention which is set out here; proposes a solution to all the problems mentioned above. It applies to fiber plants or directly to coarse vegetable fibers, whatever the state of degradation of the plants, the state of purity of the fibers, the heterogeneity of the material or the state of humidity of the product.
- the process according to the invention prepares the fibrous material for the separation of the various constituents by a physical process. It processes the raw fibers to make them homogeneous. It breaks the internal bonds of the fibrous bundles up to the stage of the elementary fiber, or even of the fibril if the aggressiveness of the process is pushed further.
- the process for treating fibrous materials consisting in particular of fiber plants or coarse vegetable fibers, is characterized in that it consists in putting these fibrous materials at least once in contact with a fluid medium whose temperature is below 250 ° Kelvin for a short time included between the fraction of a second and a few minutes, and subjecting these fibrous materials to a physical process of selective separation of their various constituents.
- Said fluid medium can be constituted by a cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase, for example liquid nitrogen, or by a cryogenic fluid in the gas phase, for example air cooled by liquid nitrogen, thus avoiding pollution of the liquid nitrogen by waste matter. It is possible, for example, to bring the rods of fibrous material into an ordered sheet or in bulk, by a means of transport and / or pinching, and immerse them continuously in a cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase, advantageously in liquid nitrogen, According to another method, a container is filled with a determined quantity of fibrous material, then it is brought into contact with the cryogenic element. It is understood that the cryogenic fluid causes selective embrittlement of the various constituents of the fibrous material which then separate without difficulty by the action of a physical process.
- the selective separation of the various constituents of the fibrous material is carried out by a physical process, for example mechanical or vibratory, which takes place simultaneously with the treatment with the cryogenic fluid.
- the selective separation of the various constituents of the fibrous material is carried out by a physical process, for example mechanical, vibratory or by thermal shock with temperatures above 250 ° Kelvin, which occurs after the cryogenic fluid treatment.
- a chemical for bleaching the fibrous material can be added to the cryogenic fluid, in order to rid it of unflattering colors and to whiten it.
- the fibrous material can be treated in any state of degradation, either directly in the field, or having undergone a first transformation, for example mechanical, chemical or biological.
- a first transformation for example mechanical, chemical or biological.
- the method according to the invention is advantageously applied to a raw material whose natural humidity is substantially homogeneous.
- the fibrous materials to be treated are moistened beforehand to homogenize and adjust the humidity, for example by soaking, spraying or in a humidification chamber.
- the duration of the cold treatment from a few seconds to a few minutes, and the intensity thereof, adjustable from 0 ° to 250 ° Kelvin, make it possible to modulate the aggressiveness of the process and to control the desired degree of dissociation of the fibrous bundles. It will also be noted that the treatment operation according to the invention is carried out without producing dust and preserves the environment of the personnel working around the treatment machines.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Avant d'être décortiquées ou utilisées pour des processus industriels, les plantes à fibres ou les fibres grossières sont le plus souvent soumises à des transformations chimmiques, physiques ou biologiques, ou encore à une association de divers traitements en vue de favoriser la séparation des différentes parties ou de les préparer à ces transformations.Before being shelled or used for industrial processes, fiber plants or coarse fibers are most often subjected to chemical, physical or biological transformations, or to a combination of various treatments in order to promote the separation of the different parties or prepare them for these transformations.
C'est par exemple le cas du lin qui après avoir été arraché par des machines spécialisées peut être déposé au sol en bandes appelées "andains" pour subir une transformation biologique. Celle-ci dégrade les ciments pectiques qui relient les faisceaux de fibres entre eux sous l'action des micro-organismes: cette opération, appelée rouissage au sol, favorise la séparation des fibres des autres parties de la tige.This is for example the case of flax which after having been uprooted by specialized machines can be deposited on the ground in strips called "swaths" to undergo a biological transformation. This degrades the pectic cements which connect the fiber bundles together under the action of microorganisms: this operation, called retting on the ground, promotes the separation of the fibers from the other parts of the stem.
Il existe encore des unités de traitement de ces mêmes tiges végétales par trempage dans de l'eau chaude à laquelle on peut mélanger des agents actifs, enzymes ou micro-organismes spécialisés. Ces techniques, assez onéreuses en raison d'un coût de main-d'oeuvre important et du prix des agents actifs, sont selon les cas appelées "rouissage à l'eau", "rouissage biologique" ou "rouissage enzymatique". Elles imposent dans tous les cas un séchage onéreux lorsqu'il est réalisé industriellement et risqué si on se contente d'un séchage naturel. Dans tous les cas, cela pose des problèmes de pollution.There are still treatment units for these same plant stems by soaking in hot water to which active agents, enzymes or specialized micro-organisms can be mixed. These techniques, which are quite expensive due to the high labor cost and the price of the active agents, are, depending on the case, called "water retting", "biological retting" or "enzymatic retting". They impose in all costly drying when it is carried out industrially and risky if one is satisfied with natural drying. In any case, this poses pollution problems.
Des techniques assez récentes utilisent des réacteurs pour traiter des fibres cellulosiques grossières, avec de la vapeur sous pression qui, sous l'effet d'une détente brutale, fait éclater les faisceaux de fibres en fibrilles élémentaires. Jusqu'à maintenant, ce procédé s'applique sur des fibres agglomérées en faisceaux résultant d'une succession de transformations des tiges, biologiques (rouissage), physique (fanage) et mécanique (teillage), le teillage se décomposant en une suite d'actions mécaniques tel le broyage au travers de rouleaux cannelés (broyeurs) et/ou l'écangage, qui éliminent les parties boiseuses.Quite recent techniques use reactors to treat coarse cellulosic fibers, with steam under pressure which, under the effect of a sudden expansion, bursts the bundles of fibers into elementary fibrils. Until now, this process has been applied to fibers agglomerated into bundles resulting from a succession of transformations of the stems, biological (retting), physical (tedding) and mechanical (scutching), scutching breaking down into a series of mechanical actions such as crushing through fluted rollers (crushers) and / or barking, which eliminate the woody parts.
C'est encore le cas pour d'autres fibres comme celles du bois qui subissent des traitements chimiques et physiques (découpage en copeaux) pour extraire la cellulose en vue de fabriquer la pâte à papier.This is also the case for other fibers such as wood which undergo chemical and physical treatments (cutting into chips) to extract the cellulose in order to make paper pulp.
Le chanvre est également déposé au sol pendant une période relativement longue en vue de laisser les micro-organismes du sol commencer une biodégradation des ciments pectiques.Hemp is also placed on the ground for a relatively long period of time to allow soil microorganisms to begin biodegradation of pectic cements.
Cette énumération non exhaustive des traitements appliqués aux plantes à fibres et aux fibres montre dans un grand nombre de cas l'aspect très aléatoire de ces cultures qui sont, dans certains cas, simplement posées au sol pour subir une transformation que l'homme ne maîtrise pas du tout et qui expose la culture à des conditions climatiques qui peuvent, lorsqu'elles ne sont pas favorables, entraîner la perte partielle ou totale de la matière soit parce que la dégradation a été poussée trop loin et que les micro-organismes ont commencé à dégrader les fibres, soit parce que les conditions climatiques ne permettent pas de récolter une matière suffisamment sèche pour être susceptible de se conserver.This non-exhaustive list of treatments applied to fiber plants and fibers shows in a large number of cases the very random aspect of these crops which are, in some cases, simply placed on the ground to undergo a transformation that humans cannot control. not at all and which exposes the crop to climatic conditions which can, when they are not favorable, lead to the partial or total loss of the material either because the degradation has been pushed too far and the micro-organisms have started to degrade the fibers, either because the climatic conditions do not allow to harvest a material dry enough to be likely to keep.
L'aspect hétérogène du rouissage au sol est aussi une source de difficultés dans la chaîne de transformation et d'élaboration du produit final.The heterogeneous aspect of rusting on the ground is also a source of difficulties in the transformation and elaboration chain of the final product.
Le procédé selon l'invention, qui est exposé ici; propose une solution à l'ensemble des problèmes évoqués plus haut. Il s'applique à des plantes à fibres ou directement à des fibres végétales grossières, quel que soit l'état de dégradation des plantes, l'état de pureté des fibres, l'hétérogénéité de la matière ou l'état d'humidité du produit.The method according to the invention, which is set out here; proposes a solution to all the problems mentioned above. It applies to fiber plants or directly to coarse vegetable fibers, whatever the state of degradation of the plants, the state of purity of the fibers, the heterogeneity of the material or the state of humidity of the product.
Le procédé selon l'invention prépare la matière fibreuse à la séparation des différents constituants par un procédé physique. Il traite les fibres brutes pour les rendre homogènes. Il rompt les liaisons internes des faisceaux fibreux jusqu'au stade de la fibre élémentaire, voire de la fibrille si l'on pousse plus loin l'agressivité du procédé.The process according to the invention prepares the fibrous material for the separation of the various constituents by a physical process. It processes the raw fibers to make them homogeneous. It breaks the internal bonds of the fibrous bundles up to the stage of the elementary fiber, or even of the fibril if the aggressiveness of the process is pushed further.
Selon l'invention le procédé de traitement de matières fibreuses. constituées notamment de plantes à fibres ou de fibres végétales grossières, se caractérise en ce qu'il consiste à mettre au moins une fois ces matières fibreuses au contact d'un milieu fluide dont la température est inférieure à 250° Kelvin pendant un temps bref compris entre la fraction de seconde et quelques minutes, et à soumettre ces matières fibreuses à un procédé physique de séparation sélective de leurs différents constituants.According to the invention the process for treating fibrous materials. consisting in particular of fiber plants or coarse vegetable fibers, is characterized in that it consists in putting these fibrous materials at least once in contact with a fluid medium whose temperature is below 250 ° Kelvin for a short time included between the fraction of a second and a few minutes, and subjecting these fibrous materials to a physical process of selective separation of their various constituents.
Ledit milieu fluide peut être constitué par un fluide cryogène en phase liquide par exemple de l'azote liquide, ou par un fluide cryogène en phase gazeuse, par exemple de l'air refroidi par de l'azote liquide évitant ainsi la pollution de l'azote liquide par des déchets de matière. On pourra, par exemple, mettre en contact les tiges de matière fibreuse en nappe ordonnée ou en vrac, par un moyen de transport et/ou de pincement, et les immerger en continu dans un fluide cryogène en phase liquide, avantageusement dans de l'azote liquide, Selon une autre méthode, on remplit un récipient avec une quantité déterminée de matière fibreuse, puis on la met en contact avec l'élément cryogène. On comprend que le fluide cryogène provoque une fragilisation sélective des différents constituants de la matière fibreuse qui se séparent alors sans peine par l'action d'un procédé physique.Said fluid medium can be constituted by a cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase, for example liquid nitrogen, or by a cryogenic fluid in the gas phase, for example air cooled by liquid nitrogen, thus avoiding pollution of the liquid nitrogen by waste matter. It is possible, for example, to bring the rods of fibrous material into an ordered sheet or in bulk, by a means of transport and / or pinching, and immerse them continuously in a cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase, advantageously in liquid nitrogen, According to another method, a container is filled with a determined quantity of fibrous material, then it is brought into contact with the cryogenic element. It is understood that the cryogenic fluid causes selective embrittlement of the various constituents of the fibrous material which then separate without difficulty by the action of a physical process.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention on réalise la séparation sélective des différents constituants de la matière fibreuse par un procédé physique, par exemple mécanique ou vibratoire, qui intervient simultanément au traitement par le fluide cryogène. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on réalise la séparation sélective des différents constituants de la matière fibreuse par un procédé physique, par exemple mécanique, vibratoire ou par chocs thermiques avec des températures supérieures à 250° Kelvin, qui intervient à la suite du traitement par le fluide cryogène.According to a characteristic of the invention, the selective separation of the various constituents of the fibrous material is carried out by a physical process, for example mechanical or vibratory, which takes place simultaneously with the treatment with the cryogenic fluid. According to another characteristic of the invention, the selective separation of the various constituents of the fibrous material is carried out by a physical process, for example mechanical, vibratory or by thermal shock with temperatures above 250 ° Kelvin, which occurs after the cryogenic fluid treatment.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on peut ajouter dans le fluide cryogène un produit chimique de blanchiment de la matière fibreuse, afin de débarrasser celle-ci des couleurs peu flatteuses et de la blanchir.According to another characteristic of the invention, a chemical for bleaching the fibrous material can be added to the cryogenic fluid, in order to rid it of unflattering colors and to whiten it.
Selon une autre caractéristique encore du procédé selon l'invention on peut traiter la matière fibreuse en un état quelconque de dégradation, soit directement au champ, soit ayant subi une première transformation, par exemple mécanique, chimique ou biologique. Ainsi le procédé selon l'invention est utilisé sur des végétaux fibreux qui n'auraient pas subi au sol d'autre transformation que le séchage par l'action du soleil, lorsque l'on veut récupérer les fructifications, ou qui n'auraient pas subi de transformation du tout lorsqu'on peut traiter immédiatement la matière en évitant ainsi le risque de décomposition non contrôlée des fibres.According to yet another characteristic of the method according to the invention, the fibrous material can be treated in any state of degradation, either directly in the field, or having undergone a first transformation, for example mechanical, chemical or biological. Thus the method according to the invention is used on fibrous plants which have not undergone on the ground any other transformation than drying by the action of the sun, when one wants to recover the fruiting bodies, or which would not have undergone processing at all when the material can be treated immediately, thereby avoiding the risk of uncontrolled fiber decomposition.
La présence d'eau au sein des parties végétales ayant une influence sur la conduite et sur l'efficacité du traitement, le procédé selon l'invention est avantageusement appliqué sur une matière brute dont l'humidité naturelle est sensiblement homogène. A cet effet, selon une caractéristique additionnelle du procédé de l'invention on humidifie préalablement les matières fibreuses à traiter pour homogénéiser et ajuster l'humidité, par exemple par trempage, pulvérisation ou dans une chambre d'humidification.The presence of water within the plant parts having an influence on the conduct and on the effectiveness of the treatment, the method according to the invention is advantageously applied to a raw material whose natural humidity is substantially homogeneous. To this end, according to an additional characteristic of the process of the invention, the fibrous materials to be treated are moistened beforehand to homogenize and adjust the humidity, for example by soaking, spraying or in a humidification chamber.
On notera que la durée du traitement par le froid, de quelques secondes à quelques minutes, et l'intensité de celui-ci, réglable de 0° à 250° Kelvin, permettent de moduler l'agressivité du procédé et de contrôler le degré souhaité de dissociation des faisceaux fibreux. On notera aussi que l'opération de traitement selon l'invention s'effectue sans produire de poussières et préserve l'environnement du personnel qui évolue aux alentours des machines de traitement.It will be noted that the duration of the cold treatment, from a few seconds to a few minutes, and the intensity thereof, adjustable from 0 ° to 250 ° Kelvin, make it possible to modulate the aggressiveness of the process and to control the desired degree of dissociation of the fibrous bundles. It will also be noted that the treatment operation according to the invention is carried out without producing dust and preserves the environment of the personnel working around the treatment machines.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT90403704T ATE104371T1 (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1990-12-20 | PROCESS FOR SEPARATION OF FIBER COMPONENTS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8916875 | 1989-12-20 | ||
| FR8916875A FR2656008B1 (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1989-12-20 | PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE SEPARATION OF ITS DIFFERENT CONSTITUENTS. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0434564A1 true EP0434564A1 (en) | 1991-06-26 |
| EP0434564B1 EP0434564B1 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
Family
ID=9388745
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90403704A Expired - Lifetime EP0434564B1 (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1990-12-20 | Method for separating parts of fibrous materials |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0434564B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE104371T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69008137D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2656008B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997001659A1 (en) * | 1995-06-24 | 1997-01-16 | Gorham & Bateson (Agriculture) Limited | Use of ultrasonics for winning bast fibres from fibrous vegetable material |
| FR2839001A1 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2003-10-31 | Joel Patrick Jean Luc Breard | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW MATERIAL COMPRISING BEAMS OF NATURAL FIBERS PRE-IMPREGNATED WITH ORGANIC RESIN AND IN THE FORM OF YARN OR RIBBON |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB697800A (en) * | 1950-10-30 | 1953-09-30 | Foister Clay & Ward Ltd | Method of preparing nylon yarn for subsequent manufacture into fabric or fabricated articles |
| FR2043800A1 (en) * | 1969-05-30 | 1971-02-19 | Vanhauwaert Fernand | Flax processing method |
| FR2419993A1 (en) * | 1978-03-15 | 1979-10-12 | Linde Ag | Textile webs continuously decatised with improved fixing effect - by cooled webs with supercooled or liquefied gas such as nitrogen |
| GB2075562A (en) * | 1980-04-23 | 1981-11-18 | Drabert Soehne | Cooling whilst otherwise treating materials in the form of continuous lengths |
| DE3324217A1 (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1985-01-17 | Kurt Ehemann Spezialmaschinenfabrik GmbH & Co KG, 2870 Delmenhorst | Device for the heat treatment of textile material webs on finishing machines |
-
1989
- 1989-12-20 FR FR8916875A patent/FR2656008B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-12-20 AT AT90403704T patent/ATE104371T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-20 EP EP90403704A patent/EP0434564B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-20 DE DE69008137T patent/DE69008137D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB697800A (en) * | 1950-10-30 | 1953-09-30 | Foister Clay & Ward Ltd | Method of preparing nylon yarn for subsequent manufacture into fabric or fabricated articles |
| FR2043800A1 (en) * | 1969-05-30 | 1971-02-19 | Vanhauwaert Fernand | Flax processing method |
| FR2419993A1 (en) * | 1978-03-15 | 1979-10-12 | Linde Ag | Textile webs continuously decatised with improved fixing effect - by cooled webs with supercooled or liquefied gas such as nitrogen |
| GB2075562A (en) * | 1980-04-23 | 1981-11-18 | Drabert Soehne | Cooling whilst otherwise treating materials in the form of continuous lengths |
| DE3324217A1 (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1985-01-17 | Kurt Ehemann Spezialmaschinenfabrik GmbH & Co KG, 2870 Delmenhorst | Device for the heat treatment of textile material webs on finishing machines |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997001659A1 (en) * | 1995-06-24 | 1997-01-16 | Gorham & Bateson (Agriculture) Limited | Use of ultrasonics for winning bast fibres from fibrous vegetable material |
| FR2839001A1 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2003-10-31 | Joel Patrick Jean Luc Breard | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW MATERIAL COMPRISING BEAMS OF NATURAL FIBERS PRE-IMPREGNATED WITH ORGANIC RESIN AND IN THE FORM OF YARN OR RIBBON |
| WO2003091006A3 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2004-04-01 | Joel Breard | Method of producing a novel material comprising natural fibre bundles that are pre-impregnated with organic resin and taking the form of a yarn or ribbon |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2656008B1 (en) | 1992-06-12 |
| FR2656008A1 (en) | 1991-06-21 |
| ATE104371T1 (en) | 1994-04-15 |
| DE69008137D1 (en) | 1994-05-19 |
| EP0434564B1 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
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