EP0433255A2 - Orthogonally polarized dual-band printed circuit antenna employing radiating elements capacitively coupled to feedlines - Google Patents
Orthogonally polarized dual-band printed circuit antenna employing radiating elements capacitively coupled to feedlines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0433255A2 EP0433255A2 EP90850394A EP90850394A EP0433255A2 EP 0433255 A2 EP0433255 A2 EP 0433255A2 EP 90850394 A EP90850394 A EP 90850394A EP 90850394 A EP90850394 A EP 90850394A EP 0433255 A2 EP0433255 A2 EP 0433255A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- array
- radiating elements
- power divider
- frequency
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
- H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays
Definitions
- This invention relates to another improvement in a series of inventions developed by the present inventors relating to printed circuit antennas having their elements capacitively coupled to each other, and in particular, two antennas wherein the feed to the radiating elements is coupled capacitively, rather than directly.
- the first in this series of inventions, invented by one of the present inventors, resulted in U.S. Patent No. 4,761,654.
- An improvement to the antenna disclosed in that patent is described and claimed in U.S. Patent Application No. 06/930,187, filed on November 13, 1986.
- the contents of the foregoing patent and patent application are incorporated herein by reference.
- the antenna described in the foregoing U.S. patent and patent application permitted either linear or circular polarization to be achieved with a single feedline to the radiating elements.
- the antennas disclosed included a single array of radiating elements, and a single array of feedlines.
- One of the improvements which the inventors developed was to provide a structure whereby two layers of feedlines, and two layers of radiating elements could be provided in a single antenna, enabling orthogonally polarized signals to be generated, without interference between the two arrays.
- U.S. Patent Application No. 07/165,332 now U.S.P. 4,929,959 discloses and claims such a structure. The contents of that patent also are incorporated herein by reference.
- the inventors have determined that employing certain types of antenna elements for the upper and lower arrays enables operation at two different, distinct frequency bands from a single radiating array structure.
- Figure 1 shows an exploded view of the dual frequency antenna of the invention
- Figures 2-8 show graphs of the measured performance of a sixteen-element dual band array.
- the inventive structure as described also in copending application Nos. 07/165,332 and 07/192,100, comprises five layers.
- the first layer is a ground plane 1.
- the second layer is a high frequency power divider 2, with the individual power divider elements disposed at a first orientation.
- the next layer is an array of high frequency radiating elements 3. These three layers together define the first operating band array B1, in which layers 1 and 3 form the ground plane for the power divider 2.
- the operating frequency of the array is dictated by the dimensions of the radiating elements and the power distribution network.
- the array of high frequency elements 3 will have physically smaller radiating slots than those used in the low frequency array.
- the principal controlling factor in the resonant frequency of the slot is the outer dimension (radius or side) of the element. This dimension is inversely proportional to the operating frequency. As a rule of thumb, for a circularly-shaped element, the diameter is approximately one-half of the operating wavelength; for a square or rectangularly-shaped element, a side (longer side for a rectangle) is approximately one-half the operating wavelength.
- the power divider 2 may consist of impedance transforming sections at the tee junctions where the power split is performed. These transforming sections typically are ⁇ /4 in length, where ⁇ refers to the wavelength at the operating frequency. The transformer length also will be inversely proportional to the operating frequency.
- a low frequency power divider array 4 Disposed above the high frequency elements 3 is a low frequency power divider array 4, with the individual power divider elements disposed orthogonally with respect to the elements of the power divider 2.
- a second array of radiating elements 5 Above the low frequency power divider 4 is a second array of radiating elements 5, these elements 5 being low frequency radiating elements.
- the layers 3-5 together form a second operating band array B2, wherein the layers 3 and 5 provide the ground plane for the power divider 4.
- the element designs in layers 3 and 5 are designed appropriately to minimize both radiation interaction between the lower and upper arrays, and coupling between the two power distribution networks.
- the physical size of the elements in the layer 5 will determine the operating frequency.
- the elements of the low frequency array 5 will be larger than those of the high frequency array 3.
- Transformer sections within the low-frequency power divider network will be longer than those used in the high frequency divider, but otherwise the divider networks may be very similar in design.
- All of the layers 1-5 may be separated by any suitable dielectric, preferably air, for example by providing Nomex honeycomb between the layers.
- FIG. 1 shows the design and construction for a dual-band linearly polarized flat-plate array.
- Linear polarization is dictated by the radiating elements.
- Circular polarization may be generated by choosing the appropriate elements with perturbation segments as described, for example, in application No. 06/930,187.
- Application No. 07/165,332 also shows examples of such elements.
- FIG. 2-8 The measured performance of a 16-element dual band linear array is depicted in Figures 2-8.
- the band of interest is 11.7-12.2 GHz, and for the other, orthogonal sense of polarization, the band of interest is 14.0-14.5 GHz.
- Figure 2 shows the input return loss for both senses of polarization (in each instance, the input match is very good over a broad band, as can be seen from the figure).
- Figure 3 shows the corresponding radiation gain for each polarization. As shown in the Figure, both senses of polarization radiate very efficiently and over a broad band, and the radiation efficiency of each is comparable.
- Figure 4 shows the port-to-port or array network isolation.
- the isolation is sufficiently high to ensure that the two arrays are virtually decoupled, and operate as required in an independent manner.
- Figures 5-8 show a corresponding on axis swept cross polarization and radiation patterns for each frequency band, demonstrating the efficiency of the radiating array, and the low radiated cross polarization.
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to another improvement in a series of inventions developed by the present inventors relating to printed circuit antennas having their elements capacitively coupled to each other, and in particular, two antennas wherein the feed to the radiating elements is coupled capacitively, rather than directly. The first in this series of inventions, invented by one of the present inventors, resulted in U.S. Patent No. 4,761,654. An improvement to the antenna disclosed in that patent is described and claimed in U.S. Patent Application No. 06/930,187, filed on November 13, 1986. The contents of the foregoing patent and patent application are incorporated herein by reference.
- The antenna described in the foregoing U.S. patent and patent application permitted either linear or circular polarization to be achieved with a single feedline to the radiating elements. The antennas disclosed included a single array of radiating elements, and a single array of feedlines. One of the improvements which the inventors developed was to provide a structure whereby two layers of feedlines, and two layers of radiating elements could be provided in a single antenna, enabling orthogonally polarized signals to be generated, without interference between the two arrays. U.S. Patent Application No. 07/165,332, now U.S.P. 4,929,959 discloses and claims such a structure. The contents of that patent also are incorporated herein by reference.
- Having developed the dual-band orthogonally polarized antenna, various experiments have been conducted with different shapes of radiating elements, and antenna configurations. Commonly assigned application No. 07/192,100, now U.S.P. 4,926,189 is directed to such an array employing gridded antenna elements. The contents of that patent also are incorporated herein by reference.
- The work on dual polarized printed antennas resulted in the provision of an array which could operate in two senses of polarization, a lower array of the antenna being able basically to "see through" the upper array. The improvement represented by the present invention is to extend that concept.
- In view of the foregoing, it is one object of the present invention to provide a high-performance, light weight, low-cost dual-band planar array. The inventors have determined that employing certain types of antenna elements for the upper and lower arrays enables operation at two different, distinct frequency bands from a single radiating array structure.
- Figure 1 shows an exploded view of the dual frequency antenna of the invention; and
- Figures 2-8 show graphs of the measured performance of a sixteen-element dual band array.
- Referring to Figure 1, the inventive structure, as described also in copending application Nos. 07/165,332 and 07/192,100, comprises five layers. The first layer is a ground plane 1. The second layer is a high
frequency power divider 2, with the individual power divider elements disposed at a first orientation. The next layer is an array of high frequencyradiating elements 3. These three layers together define the first operating band array B1, in whichlayers 1 and 3 form the ground plane for thepower divider 2. - The operating frequency of the array is dictated by the dimensions of the radiating elements and the power distribution network. The array of
high frequency elements 3 will have physically smaller radiating slots than those used in the low frequency array. The principal controlling factor in the resonant frequency of the slot is the outer dimension (radius or side) of the element. This dimension is inversely proportional to the operating frequency. As a rule of thumb, for a circularly-shaped element, the diameter is approximately one-half of the operating wavelength; for a square or rectangularly-shaped element, a side (longer side for a rectangle) is approximately one-half the operating wavelength. Those of working skill in this field will appreciate that the actual dimensions may vary somewhat, according to the earlier-stated prescriptions. - The
power divider 2 may consist of impedance transforming sections at the tee junctions where the power split is performed. These transforming sections typically are λ/4 in length, where λ refers to the wavelength at the operating frequency. The transformer length also will be inversely proportional to the operating frequency. - Disposed above the
high frequency elements 3 is a low frequencypower divider array 4, with the individual power divider elements disposed orthogonally with respect to the elements of thepower divider 2. Above the lowfrequency power divider 4 is a second array ofradiating elements 5, theseelements 5 being low frequency radiating elements. The layers 3-5 together form a second operating band array B2, wherein thelayers power divider 4. The element designs inlayers - As discussed previously, the physical size of the elements in the
layer 5 will determine the operating frequency. The elements of thelow frequency array 5 will be larger than those of thehigh frequency array 3. Transformer sections within the low-frequency power divider network will be longer than those used in the high frequency divider, but otherwise the divider networks may be very similar in design. - All of the layers 1-5 may be separated by any suitable dielectric, preferably air, for example by providing Nomex honeycomb between the layers.
- The structure depicted in Figure 1 shows the design and construction for a dual-band linearly polarized flat-plate array. Linear polarization is dictated by the radiating elements. Circular polarization may be generated by choosing the appropriate elements with perturbation segments as described, for example, in application No. 06/930,187. Application No. 07/165,332 also shows examples of such elements.
- The measured performance of a 16-element dual band linear array is depicted in Figures 2-8. For one sense of polarization, the band of interest is 11.7-12.2 GHz, and for the other, orthogonal sense of polarization, the band of interest is 14.0-14.5 GHz. Figure 2 shows the input return loss for both senses of polarization (in each instance, the input match is very good over a broad band, as can be seen from the figure). Figure 3 shows the corresponding radiation gain for each polarization. As shown in the Figure, both senses of polarization radiate very efficiently and over a broad band, and the radiation efficiency of each is comparable.
- Figure 4 shows the port-to-port or array network isolation. The isolation is sufficiently high to ensure that the two arrays are virtually decoupled, and operate as required in an independent manner. Figures 5-8 show a corresponding on axis swept cross polarization and radiation patterns for each frequency band, demonstrating the efficiency of the radiating array, and the low radiated cross polarization.
- While the invention has been described with reference to a partlcular preferred embodiment, various modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will be apparent to those of working skill in this technical field. For example, although the foregoing measured data shown in the figures was provided with respect to specific frequency bands, the invention represents a design that can be implemented for any two distinct frequency bands, and for any size array or any number of elements. Thus, the invention should be considered limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
- In a dual polarized printed antenna comprising a ground plane, a first power divider array disposed over said ground plane, a first array of radiating elements disposed over said power divider array, and second power divider array disposed over said first array of radiating elements, and a second array of radiating elements disposed over said second power divider array, the improvement wherein said first array of radiating elements comprises an array of radiating elements so configured as to operate at a first frequency, and said second array of radiating elements comprises an array of radiating elements so configured as to operate at a second frequency that is different from said first frequency.
- An antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second frequency is lower than said first frequency.
- An antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first and second power divider arrays comprise respective power divider arrays for feeding said first and second arrays of radiating elements at said first and second frequencies.
- An antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein elements in said first array of radiating elements are smaller than elements in said second array of radiating elements.
- An antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and second power divider arrays comprise tee junctions and impedance transforming sections, the impedance transforming sections of said second power divider array being longer than the impedance transforming sections of said first power divider array.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US45077089A | 1989-12-14 | 1989-12-14 | |
US450770 | 1989-12-14 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0433255A2 true EP0433255A2 (en) | 1991-06-19 |
EP0433255A3 EP0433255A3 (en) | 1991-08-21 |
EP0433255B1 EP0433255B1 (en) | 1997-01-29 |
Family
ID=23789422
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90850394A Expired - Lifetime EP0433255B1 (en) | 1989-12-14 | 1990-12-05 | Orthogonally polarized dual-band printed circuit antenna employing radiating elements capacitively coupled to feedlines |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5534877A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0433255B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH05267931A (en) |
KR (1) | KR910013616A (en) |
AU (1) | AU640971B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2030963C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69029842T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0433255T3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL96558A0 (en) |
NO (1) | NO177076C (en) |
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SG11202110118QA (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-10-28 | Frederic Nabki | Ultra wideband (uwb) link configuration methods and systems |
US10804609B1 (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2020-10-13 | Facebook, Inc. | Circular polarization antenna array |
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- 1990-12-04 AU AU67732/90A patent/AU640971B2/en not_active Expired
- 1990-12-05 DK DK90850394.9T patent/DK0433255T3/da active
- 1990-12-05 DE DE69029842T patent/DE69029842T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-05 EP EP90850394A patent/EP0433255B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-05 IL IL96558A patent/IL96558A0/en unknown
- 1990-12-11 KR KR1019900020343A patent/KR910013616A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-12-13 NO NO905390A patent/NO177076C/en unknown
- 1990-12-13 JP JP2415706A patent/JPH05267931A/en active Pending
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Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE4239597C2 (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1999-11-04 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Flat antenna with dual polarization |
DE4239597A1 (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1993-06-03 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Dual polarisation planar antenna for use in satellite communication systems - has laminated structure with emitter substrates alternating with dielectric layers and ground plates |
US5510803A (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1996-04-23 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Dual-polarization planar antenna |
DE4139245A1 (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1993-05-27 | Ekkehard Dr Ing Richter | Small flat microwave slot aerial - has sec. transmitter structure of alternate dielectric and conductive layers |
DE4313397A1 (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1994-11-10 | Hirschmann Richard Gmbh Co | Planar antenna |
US5907794A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1999-05-25 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Controlling a subscriber station on a direct mode channel |
US5661493A (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1997-08-26 | Spar Aerospace Limited | Layered dual frequency antenna array |
WO1996017400A1 (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1996-06-06 | Spar Aerospace Limited | Layered dual frequency antenna array and satellite imaging method |
WO1998001921A1 (en) * | 1996-07-04 | 1998-01-15 | Skygate International Technology Nv | A planar dual-frequency array antenna |
AU732084B2 (en) * | 1996-07-04 | 2001-04-12 | Skygate International Technology Nv | A planar dual-frequency array antenna |
US6121931A (en) * | 1996-07-04 | 2000-09-19 | Skygate International Technology Nv | Planar dual-frequency array antenna |
WO1998037593A1 (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-08-27 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Apparatus for receiving and transmitting radio signals |
US6252549B1 (en) | 1997-02-25 | 2001-06-26 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Apparatus for receiving and transmitting radio signals |
DE19712510A1 (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 1999-01-07 | Pates Tech Patentverwertung | Two-layer broadband planar source |
US6072439A (en) * | 1998-01-15 | 2000-06-06 | Andrew Corporation | Base station antenna for dual polarization |
US6034649A (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-03-07 | Andrew Corporation | Dual polarized based station antenna |
US6208299B1 (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2001-03-27 | Allgon Ab | Dual band antenna arrangement |
WO2000055939A1 (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2000-09-21 | Allgon Ab | Dual band antenna arrangement |
US6285336B1 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-09-04 | Andrew Corporation | Folded dipole antenna |
US6317099B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-11-13 | Andrew Corporation | Folded dipole antenna |
EP1346434B1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2005-02-16 | Kathrein-Werke KG | Patch antenna for operating in at least two frequency ranges |
US6861988B2 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2005-03-01 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Patch antenna for operating in at least two frequency ranges |
US6795020B2 (en) | 2002-01-24 | 2004-09-21 | Ball Aerospace And Technologies Corp. | Dual band coplanar microstrip interlaced array |
US7026995B2 (en) | 2002-01-24 | 2006-04-11 | Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. | Dielectric materials with modified dielectric constants |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO905390D0 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
JPH05267931A (en) | 1993-10-15 |
AU640971B2 (en) | 1993-09-09 |
NO177076C (en) | 1995-07-12 |
EP0433255A3 (en) | 1991-08-21 |
US5534877A (en) | 1996-07-09 |
DE69029842T2 (en) | 1997-08-28 |
IL96558A0 (en) | 1991-09-16 |
AU6773290A (en) | 1991-06-20 |
DE69029842D1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
NO905390L (en) | 1991-06-17 |
KR910013616A (en) | 1991-08-08 |
CA2030963C (en) | 1995-08-15 |
EP0433255B1 (en) | 1997-01-29 |
DK0433255T3 (en) | 1997-02-17 |
NO177076B (en) | 1995-04-03 |
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