EP0426893A1 - Procédé et dispositif de tri - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de tri Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0426893A1
EP0426893A1 EP89120714A EP89120714A EP0426893A1 EP 0426893 A1 EP0426893 A1 EP 0426893A1 EP 89120714 A EP89120714 A EP 89120714A EP 89120714 A EP89120714 A EP 89120714A EP 0426893 A1 EP0426893 A1 EP 0426893A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glass
light
wavelength
sorted
intensity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89120714A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0426893B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hoberg
Andreas Dipl.-Ing. Reichert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP89120714A priority Critical patent/EP0426893B1/fr
Priority to DE58908420T priority patent/DE58908420D1/de
Priority to AT89120714T priority patent/ATE111781T1/de
Publication of EP0426893A1 publication Critical patent/EP0426893A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0426893B1 publication Critical patent/EP0426893B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/3416—Sorting according to other particular properties according to radiation transmissivity, e.g. for light, x-rays, particle radiation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for sorting items to be sorted, in particular glass granules or glass containers, wherein a piece of the items to be sorted is irradiated from one side with light, in particular with white light, it being detected on the opposite side whether light emerges, and wherein a fraction of the goods to be sorted is separated and discharged according to the result of the detection.
  • the invention also relates to a device for performing this method.
  • a sorting system which is suitable for sorting sorted goods according to their permeability to light of different colors is known from DE-OS 34 45 428.
  • To sort glass it is fed to a separating belt to which a colored glass sorting device is assigned.
  • the sorting device has a light barrier that shines through glass pieces.
  • the associated light source emits white light.
  • the light barrier has several detectors. At least three detectors are available, which are sensitive to white, brown or green light. All detectors are connected to wipers via a downstream control, which sheds the supplied material classified according to color.
  • the known device provides for the sorting of glass for each type of glass, colorless, brown or green, a special light converter or detector.
  • the invention was based on the object of specifying a method for sorting sorted goods, in particular glass granules or glass containers, which requires only a few detectors and can be operated at high throughput. Only two detectors should be necessary to sort the sorted goods into four components, opaque pieces of waste, colorless glass, brown glass and green glass. In addition, it should not be necessary to integrate the detected light for each piece of waste, so that a high throughput during sorting is ensured.
  • a facility for carrying out the method is also to be specified.
  • the first-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention in that the intensity of the light emerging from the item to be sorted is measured for the region of one wavelength, in particular separately for the regions of two wavelengths.
  • a fraction of the sorted goods is formed from those pieces of the sorted goods for which the difference is smaller and the two values are larger than predefined threshold values, which fraction is discharged separately.
  • This fraction includes colorless glass.
  • light intensities are measured at a first wavelength below 500 nm and at a second wavelength above 500 nm. It then becomes, for example, a sorting fraction good pieces, in which the difference in light intensity values is greater and the light intensity value at the first wavelength is less than a threshold value.
  • This fraction then only includes brown glass. This ensures that brown glass is reliably sorted out. This is due to the fact that brown glass almost does not transmit light with a wavelength below 500 nm, while light with a wavelength above 500 nm is transmitted.
  • a fraction of items to be sorted is separated and removed in which the difference in the light intensity values and also the value of the light intensity at the first wavelength are greater than the threshold values.
  • This fraction contains green glass.
  • one fraction can be the remainder remaining after separation of two fractions.
  • two light intensities are measured at a first wavelength of 450 nm and at a second wavelength of 550 nm.
  • the light intensity for green glass is a minimum, while for 550 nm it is significantly higher.
  • the light intensity for 450 nm is almost zero, while for 550 nm there is a clear intensity.
  • the method according to the invention achieves a certain degree of reliability casual and quick separation of a fraction from the sorted goods.
  • This fraction can include either colorless or brown or green glass.
  • Sorting is also possible if the light intensity is only measured for one wavelength. Then the measured intensity value gives information about the type of glass.
  • the material to be sorted For further sorting of the material to be sorted, it is irradiated with infrared light from one side, for example before or after irradiation with white light, and the intensity of the infrared light is measured on the opposite side. Another fraction is removed if the intensity is less than a threshold. This fraction then consists of all components that are not made of glass, such as. B. ceramics.
  • the sorting goods that do not belong to this fraction and are not recognized as transparent (colorless), green or brown in the main sorting process then consist exclusively of glass of a different color or of glass that is either heavily soiled or has paper labels. This currently opaque glass can be cleaned for further sorting.
  • Metal parts can be removed from the goods to be sorted using suitable means, for example a magnet, even before the sorting described.
  • suitable means for example a magnet, even before the sorting described.
  • the rest which no longer contains glass, can also be sorted further.
  • Sorted goods are irradiated with only one light source and the light that may have emerged from the sorted goods is divided and distributed to at least two detectors.
  • this has the advantage that only one light source is required.
  • there is a particular advantage in that fluctuations in the intensity of the emitted light can have no influence on the method. If two light sources were used, different and even opposite fluctuations in the emitted light intensities would be detrimental to the process.
  • the detectors are connected to a control unit in which the intensity difference is also formed.
  • a compressed air flow is controlled by this control unit, for example, which separates a certain fraction from the sorted material and conveys it to a certain container.
  • the recognized pieces can also be separated in another suitable manner, for example with a controllable mechanical deflection device.
  • Such a device is particularly suitable for glass containers. Several separating devices for different types of glass can also be arranged one behind the other.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention has a conveying means for items to be sorted, on which a light source for illuminating the items to be sorted is arranged. At least one light detector is arranged opposite the light source and is connected to a sorting device via a control unit.
  • the device for performing the method according to the invention is characterized in that each detector is sensitive to a certain wavelength of light.
  • the sorting device comprises, for example, a compressed air valve which is arranged at the end of the conveying means and to which a container is assigned. After it has been recognized that a certain piece of the sorted material is to be assigned to the fraction to be separated, the compressed air valve is activated, whereby the piece falls into the container assigned to the fraction.
  • the compressed air valve is e.g. B. connected to a compressed air tank or to a compressor. Any other sorting device can also be combined with the device for sorting according to the invention.
  • only one light source is available for irradiating the sorted material and a beam splitter is arranged opposite the light source, the output beams of which are assigned to the detectors. This means that it is not necessary to compare different light sources.
  • the detectors are, for example, photodiodes, which can be preceded by interference filters. Good results are achieved with such an arrangement.
  • an infrared light source can be arranged on the conveyor in the conveying direction in front of or behind the light source, to which an opposite infrared detector is assigned.
  • This detector is also connected to a sorting device via a control unit or evaluation unit.
  • the advantage achieved that with only a maximum of two detectors for visible light of certain wavelengths it is possible to separate a fraction from the sorted material, which can consist of colorless glass, brown glass or green glass.
  • the sorting can take place at high speed since only one wavelength is measured at a time.
  • the device for carrying out the method only requires a maximum of two detectors for optionally recognizing three types of glass.
  • Additional pre-sorting with infrared light can be used to separate non-glass items. After the later separation of colorless, brown and green glass, the only thing that remains is glass or glass of a different color, which is opaque due to dirt or labels. This glass can be mixed into the green glass without damage for further processing. All glass waste is therefore available for suitable further processing and reuse.
  • a device for sorting solid items according to FIG. 1 has a storage bunker 1, which is followed by a separating belt and an acceleration trough 3.
  • the items to be sorted are located in the storage bunker 1.
  • the separating belt 2 is, for example, tapered and provided with a narrow outlet.
  • a light source 4 is arranged on the acceleration trough 3 and irradiates the individual pieces with white light.
  • Detectors 5 and 6 are arranged on the acceleration channel 3 opposite the light source 4. These register the light intensities behind each piece that is irradiated by the light source 4.
  • the first detector 5 measures the light intensity at the wavelength 450 nm.
  • the second detector 6 measures the light intensity at the wavelength 550 nm.
  • the two detectors 5 and 6 are connected to an evaluation unit 7, which can be a process computer.
  • a compressed air valve 8 in a line 10 starting from compressed air tanks 9 is controlled by the evaluation unit 7.
  • the line 10 ends at a compressed air nozzle 11.
  • the outlet for the compressed air jet of the compressed air nozzle 11 is aligned with the end of the acceleration trough 3.
  • the compressed air valve 8 When the compressed air valve 8 is open, the pieces brought in via the acceleration trough 3 are thrown into a first container 12 by the air flow.
  • the compressed air valve 2 is closed, the pieces enter a second container 13 which is arranged directly below the end of the acceleration channel 3. If the detectors 5 and 6 recognize components of a fraction of the material to be separated, for example colorless glass, brown glass or green glass, the compressed air valve 8 is opened and the components enter the first container 12. The rest reaches the second
  • the device according to FIG. 1 can also be used for sorting entire glass containers, for example bottles.
  • Openings in the containers 12 and 13 are downstream of conveyor belts 14 and 15.
  • the first conveyor belt 14 for the separated fraction can lead to a glass melting furnace.
  • the second conveyor belt 15 for the rest then leads to the separation of a further fraction to a storage or storage bunker 1 or directly to another sorting device for another type of glass.
  • the goods to be sorted can be fed to a similar, similar device in which the light source is an infrared light source 16.
  • the detector is an infrared detector 17. Since the permeability to infrared light with glass, even if it is dirty or provided with paper labels, is greater than with other material, the material to be sorted can be separated into glass and other material by means of infrared light.
  • the glass also includes the glass that is opaque to white light. Detection with infrared light can be connected downstream or upstream of detection with white light.
  • the infrared detector 17 is connected to the evaluation unit 7, which is connected to a compressed air valve 18 in a line 19 extending from the compressed air tanks 9. The line 19 ends at a compressed air nozzle 20.
  • the outlet for the compressed air jet of the compressed air nozzle 20 is directed towards the end of the upper part 3a of a two-part acceleration channel 3. If the infrared detector 17 does not respond, the compressed air valve 18 is open. The pieces which are brought up via the acceleration trough 3 and which are not made of glass are then thrown into an additional container or into a discharge line 21 by the air flow.
  • FIG. 2 shows the beam path from the light source 4 to the two detectors 5 and 6 in detail. Only one light source 4 is used so that the light intensity to be introduced into the sorting pieces is the same for both detectors 5 and 6.
  • the light source 4 is assigned a condenser lens 22 in front of the acceleration channel 3.
  • a collecting lens 23 and an aperture 24 are located behind the acceleration trough 3.
  • a beam splitter 25 is then arranged. From this beam splitter 25, a first partial beam goes to the first detector 5 via an interference filter 26 and a second partial beam goes to the second detector 6 via another interference filter 27.
  • the transmission that is the light intensity behind a body as a percentage of the light intensity in front of the body, is dependent on the type of glass but also on the wavelength of the light for glass. For colored glass in particular, the transmission changes greatly depending on the wavelength of the light.
  • FIG. 3 shows the transmission ⁇ as a function of the wavelength ⁇ of the light for five different types of glass that can occur in the waste glass.
  • the light wavelength in nm is plotted on the abscissa and the transmission in percent is plotted on the ordinate.
  • the transmission for colorless, clean glass 28 is almost for all wavelengths of visible light constant between 80% and 100%. Even for colorless, lightly soiled glass 29 and for colorless, heavily soiled glass 30, the transmission hardly changes with the wavelength. Due to the degree of soiling, the transmission is for colorless; lightly soiled glass 29 approximately 50% and for colorless, heavily soiled glass 30 approximately 20%. Brown and green glass do not show a constant transmission curve at a changed wavelength.
  • Brown glass 31 has no transmission at a wavelength below 500 nm, ie it is opaque for these wavelengths. Above 500 nm to approx. 600 nm wavelength, the transmission increases up to approximately 30% and drops slightly again at higher wavelengths. Green glass 32 shows a transmission curve that rises and falls several times with increasing wavelength. There is no transmission below 350 nm. In the 400 nm range, two consecutive maxima are reached at 60%. This is followed by a minimum at 450 nm and approximately 30% transmission. Then a maximum is reached again at approx. 530 nm and approx. 65%. This is followed by another minimum at 650 nm and approximately 30% transmission. As the wavelength increases, the transmission also increases. The transmissions shown for brown glass 31 and for green glass 32 each apply to clean glass. When dirty, the curves for brown glass 31 and for green glass 32 are shifted downwards on the ordinate, but retain their shape.
  • two transmission measurements for two specific light wavelengths are sufficient according to the method of the invention.
  • a first measurement at 450 nm light wavelength and a second measurement at 550 nm light wavelength are suitable. Small deviations don't hurt.
  • the two measured transmission values and the difference between the two transmission values to be calculated are used to clearly identify the type of glass. All calculations and comparisons take place in the evaluation unit 7 according to FIG. 1.
  • Colorless glass that is transparent is recognized and can be separated if the transmission values are greater than a threshold value and the difference between the two transmission values is less than a threshold value. Then there is a piece in which there is a constant, measurable transmission for the two wavelengths under consideration. According to FIG. 3, this is the case for colorless glass, irrespective of whether it is clean, slightly soiled or heavily soiled.
  • the fourth fraction is a residue which contains opaque material and can also contain glass of a color other than brown and green.
  • pieces of waste can be sorted quickly and reliably using simple means.
  • different types of glass such as colorless, brown and green glass
  • the old household glass consists of colorless, brown and green glass, which is separated quickly and reliably using the method and the device according to the invention. This results in larger quantities of single-grade glass of higher quality than before and even more waste glass can be used in the manufacture of colorless and also brown glass. This is the only way to make new containers out of the old glass, which are either colorless brown or green.
  • the material to be sorted can be made of granules, e.g. B. from fragments, or from containers, for. B. consist of bottles.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
  • Discharge Of Articles From Conveyors (AREA)
EP89120714A 1989-11-08 1989-11-08 Procédé et dispositif de tri Expired - Lifetime EP0426893B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89120714A EP0426893B1 (fr) 1989-11-08 1989-11-08 Procédé et dispositif de tri
DE58908420T DE58908420D1 (de) 1989-11-08 1989-11-08 Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Sortieren.
AT89120714T ATE111781T1 (de) 1989-11-08 1989-11-08 Verfahren und einrichtung zum sortieren.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89120714A EP0426893B1 (fr) 1989-11-08 1989-11-08 Procédé et dispositif de tri

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0426893A1 true EP0426893A1 (fr) 1991-05-15
EP0426893B1 EP0426893B1 (fr) 1994-09-21

Family

ID=8202109

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89120714A Expired - Lifetime EP0426893B1 (fr) 1989-11-08 1989-11-08 Procédé et dispositif de tri

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0426893B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE111781T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE58908420D1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0562506A2 (fr) * 1992-03-27 1993-09-29 BODENSEEWERK GERÄTETECHNIK GmbH Procédé et dispositif de tri de matériau en vrac
EP0820819A2 (fr) * 1996-07-25 1998-01-28 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Dispositif de séparation de groisil
US7351929B2 (en) 2002-08-12 2008-04-01 Ecullet Method of and apparatus for high speed, high quality, contaminant removal and color sorting of glass cullet
US8030589B2 (en) 2005-08-08 2011-10-04 Binder + Co Ag Method for detecting and sorting glass
US8436268B1 (en) 2002-08-12 2013-05-07 Ecullet Method of and apparatus for type and color sorting of cullet
CN103389201A (zh) * 2013-07-29 2013-11-13 浙江福斯特电子科技有限公司 Led高速测试分选装置
EP2923777A1 (fr) 2014-03-24 2015-09-30 FESTO AG & Co. KG Dispositif de tri

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1797327B1 (de) * 1964-09-25 1974-01-03 Kollmorgen Corp , Garden City, NY (V St A ) Geraet zur messung des optischen reflexionsvermoegens bzw der durchlaessigkeit
GB2133531A (en) * 1983-01-07 1984-07-25 Delta Technology Corp Agricultural product sorting
DE3731402A1 (de) * 1987-06-11 1988-12-29 Mabeg Muell & Abfall Anlage zur trennung von abfallhohlglaesern, insbesondere von flaschen mindestens nach weiss- und buntglas

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1797327B1 (de) * 1964-09-25 1974-01-03 Kollmorgen Corp , Garden City, NY (V St A ) Geraet zur messung des optischen reflexionsvermoegens bzw der durchlaessigkeit
GB2133531A (en) * 1983-01-07 1984-07-25 Delta Technology Corp Agricultural product sorting
DE3731402A1 (de) * 1987-06-11 1988-12-29 Mabeg Muell & Abfall Anlage zur trennung von abfallhohlglaesern, insbesondere von flaschen mindestens nach weiss- und buntglas

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MESSEN + PRUFEN. vol. 19, no. 5, Mai 1983, BAD WORISHOFEN DE Seiten 286 - 288; Germer: "Optoelektronischer Glasscherben-Sortierer" *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0562506A2 (fr) * 1992-03-27 1993-09-29 BODENSEEWERK GERÄTETECHNIK GmbH Procédé et dispositif de tri de matériau en vrac
DE4210157A1 (de) * 1992-03-27 1993-09-30 Bodenseewerk Geraetetech Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Schüttgut
US5333739A (en) * 1992-03-27 1994-08-02 Bodenseewerk Geratechnik GmbH Method and apparatus for sorting bulk material
EP0562506A3 (fr) * 1992-03-27 1995-01-25 Bodenseewerk Geraetetech
EP0820819A2 (fr) * 1996-07-25 1998-01-28 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Dispositif de séparation de groisil
EP0820819A3 (fr) * 1996-07-25 1999-03-17 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Dispositif de séparation de groisil
US7351929B2 (en) 2002-08-12 2008-04-01 Ecullet Method of and apparatus for high speed, high quality, contaminant removal and color sorting of glass cullet
US8436268B1 (en) 2002-08-12 2013-05-07 Ecullet Method of and apparatus for type and color sorting of cullet
US8030589B2 (en) 2005-08-08 2011-10-04 Binder + Co Ag Method for detecting and sorting glass
CN103389201A (zh) * 2013-07-29 2013-11-13 浙江福斯特电子科技有限公司 Led高速测试分选装置
CN103389201B (zh) * 2013-07-29 2015-10-21 浙江福斯特电子科技有限公司 Led高速测试分选装置
EP2923777A1 (fr) 2014-03-24 2015-09-30 FESTO AG & Co. KG Dispositif de tri
US9586236B2 (en) 2014-03-24 2017-03-07 Festo Ag & Co. Kg Sorting device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0426893B1 (fr) 1994-09-21
DE58908420D1 (de) 1994-10-27
ATE111781T1 (de) 1994-10-15

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