EP0425377A1 - Process and apparatus for moulding building elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for moulding building elements made from concrete or another mouldable material. This material comprises a transportable mould (1) which possesses, in its upper portion, a mould cavity (2) movably mounted on a frame (5) and which comprises articulated walls (3a, 7a, 7b), the longitudinal, traverse and vertical position of which may be adjusted in relation to the frame (5), the mould cavity (2) being able to be folded in order to release the mould (1) from the building element after it has solidified. This apparatus is applicable, for example, to the manufacture of buildings comprising one or more building elements. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates generally to a method of molding a building block, for example of concrete, as well as to a device for implementing this method.

This invention applies, for example, to the production of premises for residential or office use.

There are known molds formed using articulated walls which close by pivoting about an axis so as to delimit a molding cavity which can open after solidification of the molded object. However, this type of mold is only rarely used for the manufacture of building blocks "in situ", that is to say at the same location where the blocks will be erected to construct a building.

The use of such a technique indeed poses significant problems both with regard to the design of the mold itself and the execution of the molding.

These problems are all the more difficult to solve from the moment when it is desirable to mold building blocks having large dimensions, which allows rapid construction of the building to be constructed.

Until now, it has also been difficult, particularly in developing countries, to obtain, by "in situ" molding, building blocks large enough and solid to make living quarters, and this by limiting the qualification of the workforce and the material necessary for this realization.

To combine all these advantages without increasing the cost of the finished product and to allow the realization of economic housing complexes, it is more desirable to be able to juxtapose on the building blocks so as to be able to occupy the available space the as rationally as possible.

Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a method of molding a building block, for example concrete, and a device for its implementation, which allow the realization "in situ" of building blocks both simple, solid, inexpensive to produce and advantageously defining a habitable space.

To this end, the subject of the present invention is a method of molding a building block constituted by a plate from which projecting elements are perpendicular or not, this method consisting in installing a mold with pivoting walls, at a location where said block must be permanently installed; lifting the mold cavity from the mold relative to a transport frame for this mold; unfolding and blocking said pivoting walls so as to form the molding cavity delimiting the contour of the plate and of the bearing elements of the block; optionally adjusting, in at least one horizontal and vertical direction, said mold cavity relative to the transport frame; pouring a molding material, for example concrete, into the molding cavity; folding the pivoting walls back to their initial position to release the plate and the load-bearing elements of the solidified block; to lower the mold cavity to detach it from the solidified block; and extracting the mold from the solidified block by passage between the load-bearing elements of said block.

It is already understood that after solidification of the concrete forming the building block, the mold is somehow folded back inside this block and is extracted therefrom, by contrast with the conventional methods where it is the molded objects which are removed from the mold.

According to another characteristic of this process, the walls are unfolded along a substantially horizontal axis to form the plate of the block, and the pivoting walls are unfolded along a substantially vertical axis to bring them closer to one another in order to define in the molding cavity part of this cavity which delimits the bearing elements of the block.

This method is further characterized in that, after extraction of the mold from the solidified building block, the mold is juxtaposed with this block so that at least two walls pivoting along the above-mentioned substantially vertical axis enclose at least one of the carrier elements of said previously solidified block, then a second building block is molded adjacent to the first and having at least one common carrier element with the first block.

The invention also relates to a molding device for implementing the method meeting the above characteristics, this device being constituted by a transportable mold comprising a molding cavity with articulated walls and means of transport and positioning of the mold relative to the ground.

This device is essentially characterized in that the mold comprises a molding cavity mounted relatively mobile on a chassis comprising on the one hand a substantially horizontal upper wall forming a receptacle for molding material such as concrete, and provided with flaps forming flaps articulated along a substantially horizontal axis and d secondly a plurality of double walls capable of pivoting along a substantially vertical axis and communicating with said upper wall forming a receptacle in the unfolded position thereof to allow the molding of a building block constituted by a plate comprising load-bearing elements protruding from this plateau.

This device is further characterized in that the aforementioned chassis supports at least one carriage, coupled to the upper part forming the mold receptacle by articulated arms to allow the relative displacement of the molding cavity relative to the chassis.

In addition, this device is characterized in that between the aforementioned carriage and the mold chassis is provided a second carriage movable relative to the first carriage in a direction orthogonal thereto.

Furthermore, this device comprises formwork elements completing the above-mentioned double walls in the lower part of the mold.

It will also be specified here that blocking means, such as for example jacks, keep the flaps and the aforementioned double walls of the mold in the unfolded or folded position.

This device is further characterized in that the mold is equipped with wheels and supports suitable means supply and treatment of concrete connected to an energy source, such as for example, solar collectors.

According to a preferred embodiment of the device according to this invention, the chassis is supported by several seats forming air cushions.

Each seat forming an air cushion is fixed to the chassis by means of a ball-joint element.

According to another characteristic, each element forming a ball joint consists of an upright or the like, secured to the chassis and swiveling in a housing secured to each seat.

According to yet another characteristic, the seats forming air cushions are for example four in number, and are fixed permanently or removably to the chassis.

• La figure 1 est une vue en élévation et en coupe verticale du dispositif de montage selon l'invention avec l'une de ses parois supérieures formant abattant montrée en position dépliée et bloquée de moulage et une autre paroi supérieure repliée contre le châssis du moule en position de transport ;
• La figure 2 est une vue en coupe verticale suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 1 ;
• La figure 3 est une vue en section horizontale du dispositif dont les doubles parois sont illustrées en position de moulage ;
• Les figures 4 à 15 illustrent en perspective et schématiquement les phases successives de mise en oeuvre du dispositif de moulage et de fabrication d'un bloc de construction moulé à l'aide de ce dispositif ;
• La figure 16 est une vue en élévation du dispositif équipé d'une variante de support au sol de la cavité de moulage ;
• La figure 17 est une vue suivant la flèche VII de la figure 16 ; et
• La figure 18 est une vue agrandie d'un détail désigné en VIII de la figure 16.

However, other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better in the detailed description which follows and which refers to the appended drawings, given solely by way of example, and in which:

• Figure 1 is an elevational view in vertical section of the mounting device according to the invention with one of its upper walls forming a flap shown in the unfolded and locked molding position and another upper wall folded against the chassis of the mold transport position;
• Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1;
• Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view of the device, the double walls of which are illustrated in the molding position;
• Figures 4 to 15 illustrate in perspective and schematically the successive phases of implementation of the molding device and manufacturing of a building block molded using this device;
• FIG. 16 is an elevation view of the device equipped with a variant support on the ground of the molding cavity;
• Figure 17 is a view along arrow VII of Figure 16; and
• FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of a detail designated in VIII of FIG. 16.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, we can see a molding device which is essentially constituted by a transportable mold 1 which comprises a frame 5 and a molding cavity 2.

As can be clearly seen in FIG. 1, this transportable mold 1 has at its upper part the molding cavity 2 for receiving concrete or any other moldable material. This molding cavity 2 has at its top an upper wall 3 on which are laterally mounted, pivoting about axes 4a and 4b parallel to the two longitudinal edges of the upper wall 3, two walls forming flap 3a and 3b. The longitudinal axes 4a and 4b extend substantially horizontally to allow the flaps 3a and 3b to pivot towards a position called "molding position", that is to say a position raised, so that the upper surface of the flaps is in a horizontal plane comprising the wall 3, as can be seen on the left side of FIG. 1. The flaps 3a and 3b can also be folded against the mold towards a so-called position "transport position" of this mold, as illustrated on the right-hand side of FIG. 1.

The mold cavity 2 is mounted movably on the frame 5 which will be described later.

Locking members 6a and 6b, visible in FIG. 1 and such as jacks, serve to selectively lock the flaps 3a and 3b in the upper molding or folded down transport position. These locking members 6a and 6b are respectively pivotally mounted at their upper end under the flaps 3a and 3b and at their lower end on the chassis 5.

It is clearly seen in Figures 2 and 3 that the molding cavity 2 has four double walls 7a, 7b pivotally mounted on the frame 5 so that it can be selectively unfolded in the molding position (Figure 3) or folded against the frame 5 in the transport (figure 2). These double walls 7a, 7b are constituted by an external flap 7a and an internal flap 7b. These flaps 7a and 7b are each articulated about a vertical axis 8 and form in the molding position, that is to say in the contiguous position, the vertical and lower part of the molding cavity 2. The space between the flaps 7a and 7b communicates in the upper part with the upper part of the molding cavity 2 formed by the upper wall 3 and the flaps 3a and 3b described above.

In order to allow the external flaps 7a to be inserted after folding at the ends of the chassis 5 (FIG. 3), these flaps 7a are mounted articulated on the said chassis by means of links such as those identified in 9.

As for the inner flaps 7b of the double walls 7a, 7b, they are foldable against the frame 5, between the ends of said frame.

Locking latches (not shown) make it possible to immobilize the double walls 7a, 7b in the molding or transport position of the mold 1.

It is important to note that the horizontal upper part of the molding cavity 2 formed by the walls 3, 3a and 3b, has on certain parts of its periphery flanges 2b corresponding to the thickness of the upper horizontal part of the building block. to mold.

In addition, longitudinal and transverse grooves 10 are formed in the horizontal upper part of the molding cavity 2 to form reinforcing ribs on the corresponding part of the building block to be molded.

The frame 5 on which the molding cavity 2 is mounted has an upper support 11 as can be seen in FIG. 3, which is fixed, for example by welding, to the upper wall 3 of the molding cavity 2. This support 11 has at its front and rear ends (FIGS. 2 and 3), support beams 12 on which the double walls 7a, 7b of the molding cavity 2 are articulated as described above.

The upper support 11 is itself supported by a mechanism for adjusting the height of the molding cavity 2 constituted by articulated arms 13 forming compasses. These compasses are mounted articulated between, on the one hand the upper support 11 and on the other hand a carriage 14 which will be described below.

The compasses 13, the carriage 14 and the upper support 11 together form deformable polygons allowing the height adjustment of the molding cavity relative to the carriage 14.

The carriage 14 is provided with rollers 16 guided in rails 17 forming part of a second carriage 18 arranged under the first carriage 14. The rollers 16 thus guided allow the longitudinal displacement of the carriage 14 relative to the second carriage 18 which will be described now. It will be specified that the first carriage 14 can roll on the second carriage 18 which can itself roll on the lower part or base 21 of the chassis 5.

The carriage 18 has rollers 19 guided in rails 20 integral with the base 21 and orthogonal to the rails 17, so that the carriage 18 can move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the carriage 14.

At 22, 23, wheels have been shown fixed under the base 21 of the chassis 5 and allowing the transport by rolling of the whole of the molding device according to the invention.

The base 21 of the chassis 5 is further equipped with a system of retractable crutches 24 making it possible to stabilize the mold 1 in a fixed position relative to the ground.

Depending on requirements, various pieces of equipment (not shown) can be mounted on the mold 1, such as a concrete pump, a vibrator or a system for heating the molding cavity 2.

The molding device which has just been described above makes it possible to manufacture building blocks B such as that clearly visible in FIG. 15 and comprising in particular a horizontal plate P and vertical support elements E protruding, according to the example of embodiment shown, perpendicular to the plate P and intended to rest, for example, on the ground.

The operation of the previous device will be described below with the aid of Figures 3 to 15 where only the parts necessary for understanding are shown.

All abrod, as can be seen in FIG. 4, the mold 1 is moved using the wheels 22 and 23, the walls of which are closed in the transport position up to the location S of the building, represented by dotted lines, where the building block B will be molded

One can very well imagine that this location S is located on an already existing construction, such as for example another solidified building block B. On the other hand, it will be possible, for reasons of hygiene and stability, to create a foundation such as a concrete slab or a foundation under each vertical support element at the location S chosen to rest the building block that we want to mold.

Once the mold 1 has been placed at the location S chosen, the crutches 24 are placed so as to stabilize the mold 1 relative to the ground, as is sees well in Figure 5, and thus avoid unwanted movement during subsequent molding operations.

The placing of the walls forming the molding cavity 2 in the position of molding will now be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

The first walls placed in the molding position are the flaps 3a and 3b. To achieve this, these flaps are raised to a substantially horizontal position using jacks 6a and 6b (Figure 1) which also block the flaps.

It is then clearly seen in FIG. 6 that the grooves 10 and the flanges 2b form, with the flaps 3a and 3b and the upper wall 3, the upper part of the molding cavity 2.

The four double walls 7a, 7b forming the lower part of the cavity 2 and serving to mold the support elements E of the building block B are then unfolded as seen in FIG. 7 in the molding position. To do this, the outer flaps 7a are pivoted about the axes 8 from their folded position against the ends of the chassis 5 to a position of coincidence with the flaps 3a and 3b. Then, the interior flaps 7b are pivoted about their axes 8 from their folded position between the frame 5 to a position of contact with the exterior flaps to define with them a molding space communicating with the upper part of the molding cavity 2 and allowing the molding in a single block of the support elements E and of the plate P of the block. It will be observed that the internal flaps 7b and that the external flaps 7a are, in the molding position, immobilized by latches (not shown).

The operations for adjusting the longitudinal and transverse positions of the molding cavity 2 as well as the lifting operation of this molding cavity 2 relative to the chassis 5 will be described below.

It is essential, during the installation operation of the mold 1, to raise the molding cavity 2 by a height at least equal to the height of the ribs of the plate P, formed using the grooves 10 in the wall. 3 and flaps 3a and 3b, in order to be able to subsequently lower this molding cavity 2 so as to allow correct release of the block B at the end of the molding operation.

The lifting operation is carried out by deforming, using a crank (not shown), the compasses constituted by the articulated arms 13 in the direction indicated by the arrows H in FIG. 8.

As for the operation of adjusting the longitudinal and transverse position of the molding cavity 2 relative to the chassis 5, it is carried out, if necessary, by moving in the direction indicated by the arrows L and T in Figure 8, the carriages 14 and 18 respectively.

Once the molding cavity is then exactly at the location previously chosen to mold the building block B, the carriages 14 and 18 are immobilized relative to the base 21 of the chassis 5 using, for example, brakes (not shown) blocking the rotation of the rollers 16 and 19.

It then suffices to complete the previously raised molding cavity 2 so that it completely delimits the contour of the molding block B using the formwork elements 25 and 26 in the lower and upper part respectively of the four double walls 7a, 7b as you can clearly see it in figure 9.

A concrete pouring operation can then be carried out, as shown very schematically in FIG. 10, which concrete fills all the space defined by the double walls 7a, 7b, the wall 3, the flaps 3a, 3b, the flanges 2b and the forms 25 and 26. Reinforcement reinforcements (not shown) can be placed in the molding cavity 2 before the latter is filled with concrete up to the top of the flanges 2b.

If necessary, the concrete can then be vibrated inside the molding cavity 2 so as to make it more homogeneous. To perform such vibration, a vibrator of the type used in construction can be installed, for example, on the molding cavity 2.

When the mold 1 is used, for example, under a low ambient temperature, it may be necessary to use a heating system for the mold cavity 2 which may for this purpose include electrical resistors arranged near the locations to be heated from the mold 1 and integral with this mold so as to keep the concrete block B frost-free or even to accelerate its solidification. Solar water collectors (not shown) can also be placed near the mold 1 so as to advantageously provide the necessary heat.

All mold equipment requiring electric current supply can advantageously be supplied with current using autonomous means (not shown).

After the building block B has solidified inside the molding cavity 2, the formwork elements 25 and 26 are then disassembled, as can be seen in FIG. 11. Then, the double walls 7a, 7b are opened. so as to release the supporting elements E from the building block B, as can be seen in FIG. 12. The double walls 7a and 7b are folded back by pivoting the flaps 7a and 7b around their axes 8 until '' they are placed against the frame 5 of the mold 1.

FIG. 13 shows the operation of lowering the molding cavity 2 relative to the chassis 5. This operation is carried out by acting on the articulated arms 13 of the compasses in the opposite direction to that previously described for the lifting operation . The arrow A in FIG. 13 illustrates the deformation of the articulated arms 13 and the lowering of the molding cavity 2. In fact, in order to be able to extract the mold 1 from the building block B without damaging it it is essential to lower the cavity 2 by a height such that the wall 3 and the flaps 3a and 3b are lower than the lower part of the ribs of the plate P resulting from the molding of the concrete in the grooves 10.

Then the flaps 3a and 3b are folded against the sides of the mold 1 as illustrated in FIG. 14, that is to say by pivoting the flaps 3a and 3b about their respective axes 4a and 4b.

Finally, the mold 1 is extracted by rolling it between the bearing elements E of the block of construction B.

This movement is done in the direction of the arrow visible in Figure 15.

We have therefore achieved with the method and the device according to the invention, a building block B which alone can constitute the framework of a building such as, for example, a detached house, it being understood that it will suffice to closing, with prefabricated elements for example, the lateral openings delimited by the load-bearing elements E. But this method and this device also advantageously make it possible to produce a building block B which can serve as a reference for the positioning of the mold 1 in order to proceed with a new molding operation so as to form, for example, a building made up of several building blocks B placed side by side.

To do this, the mold 1 is juxtaposed with a building block B previously molded. After stabilizing the mold 1 on its retractable crutches 24, the procedure for adjusting the position of the mold cavity 2 relative to the frame 5 is carried out in the same way as described above, so as to place the mold cavity 2 in a position such that one can enclose one of the carrier elements E of the building block B already solidified between the exterior flaps 7a and interior 7b of one of the double walls 7a, 7b. The different walls of the mold 1 are then installed in the molding position as illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 7. Next, a second building block is molded adjacent to the first solidified block and therefore having a supporting element E in common with the first block. Then, we proceed as described above with reference to FIGS. 11 to 15. We can of course, without departing from the scope of the invention, carry out successive moldings of the building blocks B which can be juxtaposed and / or superimposed so as to produce any building.

Reference will now be made to FIGS. 16 to 18 which represent another embodiment of the support and displacement means on the floor of the device according to this invention, and which bear the same references to designate the common elements.

It can be seen in these figures that the frame 5 supporting the cavity 2 is supported by several seats forming air cushions which are designated by the general reference 40.

Each seat 40 is integral with a frame or the like 30 connected to the support 11 by means of the mechanism with articulated arms 13 allowing the height adjustment of the molding cavity.

It will be specified here that each seat forming an air cushion can be fixed permanently or removably to the chassis 5.

Referring more particularly to FIG. 18, it can be seen that each seat forming an air cushion 40 is constituted by a plate 42 under which a skirt 43 is fixed. The skirt 43 rests itself on a support plane of the mold 1, such as for example the ground. A flexible pipe 44 for supplying compressed air is fixed on the plate 42 and communicates with a chamber 45 formed in this plate. The bottom wall of the plate 42 has a plurality of holes 46 which connect the chamber 45 to the space delimited by the skirt 43, between the plate 42 and the bearing plane of the mold.

Each support plate 42 is articulated on the frame 30 by means of a ball-joint element 50.

This element 50 comprises an upright 51 or the like, which is fixed, for example by welding, to the frame 30, and which extends substantially vertically from the lower part thereof. It will be specified here that the seats forming air cushions can also be detachably fixed to the chassis 5. The lower end of the upright 51, according to an exemplary embodiment, has the shape of a hemisphere 52 which is connected to the upright by a portion of reduced section 53. A housing 41 is mounted with clearance on the upright 51 at the portion of reduced section 53 which passes through a bore 41b of the upper wall 41a of the housing 41. Thus, the hemisphere 52 can come into contact with the lower wall 41c of the housing, thanks to the mounting clearance of the part 53 in the bore 51b. The lower wall 41c of the housing is fixed to the support plate 42 to thereby produce a swiveling connection.

Thanks to the swiveling connection thus established, the air cushion 40 can automatically adapt to the irregularities of the surface on which the mold 1 rests to facilitate its movement, as for example in the case where it is desired to move the mold on an inclined plane. It is thus possible to avoid any recourse to an additional displacement system such as a crane, when it is desired to load the mold on a vehicle for example.

According to the example illustrated, the mold 1 is equipped with four seats forming air cushions 40 arranged in the vicinity of the four corners of the frame 30, which is for example rectangular.

Each air cushion 40 is connected, by through its supply line 44 to a pressure distributor 60. The pressure distributor 60 is itself connected by a flexible conduit 61 to an internal compressor shown schematically at 70 in FIG. 17.

This compressed air supply system has two main advantages. First of all thanks to the distributor 60, it is possible to balance the pressures in the air cushions 40 to give the chassis 5 perfect stability. Then, it is possible to use a compressor of the type of those commonly used on construction sites, this compressor can also be used for other purposes than feeding the air cushions, for example to vibrate the material to be molded.

It is already understood that when the compressor 70 delivers via the conduit 61, the distributor 60 and the flexible conduits 44 in the chamber 45, compressed air is propelled through the holes 46, so as to create a cushion of air lift under the skirt 43. This air cushion allows the chassis 5 to be lifted by a few tens of millimeters to eliminate any friction opposing the movement of the mold, so that the transport and positioning of the cavity 2 by compared to the bearing surface of the mold 1 are particularly easy and precise. The operation of the chassis 5 can therefore advantageously be carried out by two or three people. It goes without saying that once the mold is properly positioned, in particular thanks to the seats forming air cushions, the latter is immobilized in this position, before proceeding with the pouring of the concrete. Such immobilization can advantageously be carried out using jacks (not shown), for example of the screw type and fixed to the frame of the mold. Of such cylinders avoid the seats having to bear the weight of the material to be molded.

It will be observed that the shape, the arrangement and the number of air cushions can vary according to the requirements of mobility and stability of the mold.

It should also be noted that in the case where the mold 1 has to be moved over a loose or very uneven surface, it may be advantageous to interpose support plates between the skirts and the surface in question to reconstruct a plane of regular support on which movement and positioning of the mold will be easy.

Of course, the present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described and illustrated which have been given only by way of example.

Thus the shape and the number of pivoting walls of the mold 1 can vary depending on the shape of the block that one wishes to build, this block can have a polygonal or other shape and include supporting elements E perpendicular or not at the P stage of the block.

This invention therefore includes all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if these are carried out according to the spirit.

Claims (14)

1. A method of molding a building block consisting of a plate from which projecting elements are perpendicular or not, characterized in that it consists of:
- install a mold (1) with pivoting walls in a location (S) where said block (B) must be permanently installed;
- Lift the mold cavity (2) from the mold (1) relative to a chassis (5) for transporting this mold;
- unfold and block said pivoting walls (3a, 3b, 7a, 7b) so as to form a molding cavity (2) delimiting the contour of the plate (P) and the supporting elements (E) of the block (B);
- Optionally adjust in at least one horizontal and vertical direction said molding cavity (2) relative to the transport frame (5);
- casting a molding material, for example concrete, inside the molding cavity (2);
- fold the pivoting walls (3a, 3b, 7a, 7b) to their initial position to release the plate (P) and the supporting elements (E) of the solidified block (B);
- lower the mold cavity (2) to detach it from the solidified block (B); and
- extract the mold (1) from the block (B) solidified by passage between the carrier elements (E) of said block. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it unfolds along an axis (4a, 4b) substantially horizontal of the pivoting walls (3a, 3b) to form the plate (P) of the block and pivoting walls (7a) , 7b) along a substantially vertical axis (8) to bring them closer to one another in order to define in the mold cavity (2) a part of this cavity which delimits the load-bearing elements (E) of the block (B) . 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after extraction of the mold (1) out of the solidified building block (B), the mold (1) is juxtaposed to this block so that at least two walls (7a, 7b) pivoting along the above-mentioned substantially vertical axis (8) encloses at least one (E) of the bearing elements of said previously solidified block (B) then a second building block (B) is molded adjacent to the first and having at least one carrier element (E) common with it. 4. Device for implementing the method according to one of claims 1 to 3, consisting of a transportable mold comprising a molding cavity with articulated walls and means of transport and positioning of the mold relative to the ground, characterized in that said mold (1) comprises a molding cavity (2) mounted relatively mobile on a chassis (5) comprising on the one hand, a substantially horizontal upper wall (3) forming a receptacle for material to be molded, such as concrete, and provided with walls forming flaps (3a, 3b) articulated along an axis (4a, 4b) substantially horizontal, and on the other hand, a plurality of double walls (7a, 7b) capable of pivoting along an axis (8) substantially vertical and communicate with said upper wall (8) forming a receptacle in the unfolded position thereof for allow the molding of a building block (B) constituted by a plate (P) comprising carrying elements (E) projecting from this plate. 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the aforementioned chassis (5) supports at least one carriage (14, 18) coupled to the upper part (3) forming the mold receptacle (1) by articulated arms (13) to allow relative movement of the mold cavity (2) relative to the frame (5). 6. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that between the aforementioned carriage (14) and the frame (5) of the mold (1) is provided a second carriage (18) movable relative to the first carriage (14) in a direction orthogonal to it. 7. Device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that it comprises shuttering elements (25, 26) supplementing the above-mentioned double walls (7a, 7b) in the lower part of the mold (1). 8. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that locking means (6a, 6b), such as for example jacks, hold the flaps (3a, 3b) and the double flaps in the unfolded or folded position walls (7a, 7b) mentioned above. 9. Device according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the mold (1) is equipped with wheels (22, 23) and supports suitable means for feeding and processing the concrete connected to a source of energy, such as for example solar collectors. 10. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the frame (5) is supported by several seats forming air cushions (40). 11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that each seat forming an air cushion (40) is fixed to the chassis (5) by means of a ball-forming element (50). 12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that each element forming a ball joint (50) is constituted by an upright or the like (51) integral with the frame (5) and swiveling in a housing (41) integral with each seat (40) . 13. Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the seats forming the air cushion (40) are for example four in number, e are fixed permanently or removably to the frame (5). 14. Building block comprising a plate and carrying elements projecting from the plate, characterized in that it is obtained by the method and / or the device according to one of claims 1 to 13.

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