EP0424201A1 - Dekoder zum Dekodieren eines verschlüsselten Fernsehaudiosignals - Google Patents

Dekoder zum Dekodieren eines verschlüsselten Fernsehaudiosignals Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0424201A1
EP0424201A1 EP90402682A EP90402682A EP0424201A1 EP 0424201 A1 EP0424201 A1 EP 0424201A1 EP 90402682 A EP90402682 A EP 90402682A EP 90402682 A EP90402682 A EP 90402682A EP 0424201 A1 EP0424201 A1 EP 0424201A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frequency
signal
sound
decoder
carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90402682A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0424201B1 (de
Inventor
Maurice Le Van Suu
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STMicroelectronics SA
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SGS Thomson Microelectronics SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K1/00—Secret communication
    • H04K1/003—Secret communication by varying carrier frequency at or within predetermined or random intervals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a decoder for decoding an encrypted sound, this sound being encrypted so that it cannot be easily decrypted, or decrypted, by listeners who would not otherwise have means to decrypt it. These means usually bear the name of decoder. It finds its application more particularly in the field of broadcasting where the use of encrypted sounds is implemented to reserve the hearing of messages to subscribers of pay-TV broadcasting channels. In the field of broadcasting, it relates more particularly to broadcasting.
  • the encryption coding relates to a variable delay in the appearance of the line video signal with respect to the standard line trigger synchronization of the television set.
  • the electrical signal representative of the sound it it is a modulation, usually of SSB (Single Side Band) type of a carrier by the sound to be heard.
  • SSB Single Side Band
  • the pay-TV broadcasting stations emit a sound which, once the high frequency demodulation (HF) has been carried out, comprises or not, depending on whether it is encrypted or not, an additional amplitude modulation of the SSB type.
  • HF high frequency demodulation
  • the broadcasting station broadcasts in the clear, for example when advertising messages are transmitted, the broadcasts are not encrypted. Under these conditions, everyone can receive them and understand the advertising message.
  • the radio signal is encrypted. While listeners who do not have a set-top box see their image become blurred and the sound emitted become inaudible at the time of the change, this change takes place without incident for the owners of the set-top box.
  • the decoder is capable of recognizing the presence of the encryption and of implementing its decryption function.
  • the pay channels want to complicate the task of fraudsters who would like to receive the sound in the clear by only subjecting it to an amplitude demodulation after the high frequency demodulation.
  • These pay channels then code by the use of a carrier signal whose frequency is unknown. In addition, this unknown frequency may vary over time during the same transmission. Under these conditions, fraudsters are unable to decode the sound using a simple amplitude demodulator.
  • This additional coding by this modulation by an unknown frequency of sound must lead to simple decoding in the decoders supplied by the pay-TV broadcasting chain.
  • a system is known with which these decoders are provided in order to make the diffusion of sound audible whatever the encryption state for the holders of the decoder.
  • This system essentially comprises a microprocessor which calculates, on the received signal, the frequency of the carrier. This microprocessor then controls an oscillator in frequency so that this oscillator emits a reconstructed carrier signal whose frequency is equal to that of the unknown carrier of the encrypted sound.
  • Such a system has the disadvantage that it requires the presence of a microprocessor and that such a microprocessor, although their use is generalized and that they are in themselves inexpensive, comes to increase by its cost the cost of decoder. So we are trying to make a decoder that is cheaper, while also having such great functionality. Indeed, a microprocessor, because it can be programmed, accepts a certain programmability of the demodulation parameters.
  • the oscillator When the two phases are identical (that is to say when the phase and the frequency of the reference signal are equal to the phase and the frequency of the encrypted signal to be demodulated) the oscillator is maintained at its demodulation frequency and it only changes when the modulation frequency of the encrypted signal itself changes.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a decoder for decoding an encrypted sound, this encryption of the sound being effected by modulation, by this sound, of an alternating signal.
  • this decoder comprising a demodulator, this demodulator receiving on the one hand an electrical signal representative of the encrypted sound and on the other hand an alternating electrical signal whose frequency is that of the unknown carrier, this decoder delivering an demodulated electrical signal representative of this sound, characterized in that it comprises an oscillator controlled by a servo, this servo comprising a phase comparator, to produce an electrical signal representative of the unknown carrier, this phase comparator receiving at the input, on the one hand an electrical signal representative of the carrier of the encrypted sound, and on the other hand an electrical signal coming from the output of the oscillator and corresponding to the signal representative of the unknown carrier.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a decoder according to the invention.
  • This comprises a demodulator 1 comprising two inputs, respectively 2 and 3.
  • a first input 2 receives an electrical signal representative of the encrypted sound.
  • this signal when it is effectively encrypted (that is to say modulated by a single sideband BLU type modulation) is transmitted to input 2 via a low pass filter 4 at output high frequency demodulation.
  • the demodulator On its second input 3, the demodulator receives an alternating electrical signal whose frequency is that of the unknown carrier.
  • the decoder 1 delivers on its output 5 a demodulated electrical signal representative of the sound once the decryption (demodulation) has been carried out.
  • the demodulator is a product type demodulator.
  • the demodulator is connected to a voltage-controlled oscillator 6.
  • the oscillator 6 is voltage-controlled by a servo essentially comprising a phase comparator 7.
  • the phase comparator 7 produces a signal error V e representative, as a function of time and of the control state of oscillator 6, of the frequency of the unknown carrier.
  • the comparator 7 has two inputs 8 and 9 respectively. On a first input 8, it receives an electrical signal representative of the encrypted sound. On a second input 9 it receives an electrical signal coming from the output of the oscillator and corresponding to the signal representative of the unknown carrier.
  • FIG. 2a shows the frequency diagram of a signal 10, the sound to be received. This sound was used to amplitude modulation of a signal at an unknown carrier frequency (it is indicated in dashes) of frequency f1 so as to lead to a spectrum 11.
  • demodulation in demodulator 1 if a signal at frequency f1 is introduced on l input 3, a signal will be obtained on output 5, the spectrum of which is represented in FIG. 2b in baseband by profile 12.
  • the signal at output of the demodulator does not only contain the useful spectral components of the sound but it also has a component at the demodulation frequency.
  • the demodulation frequency has precisely been the frequency f1, this spectral component 13 appears under f1.
  • the signals available at input 2 and input 3 of the modulator 1 are shaped by circuits 14 and 15 of the same kind respectively.
  • the circuit 14 which is the only one detailed comprises a cascaded amplifier 16 followed by a clipper 17.
  • the clipper 17 can be constituted by a simple diode. The diode is connected in parallel between the output of amplifier 16 and ground.
  • a capacitor 18 is arranged in series with the output of amplifier 16. This capacitor 18 eliminates the DC component.
  • the available signal has the appearance of that shown in FIG. 3a. It is a rectangular signal whose duty cycle is exactly 1.
  • other forms of the shaping circuit 14 can be envisaged, the latter being given here only to simplify the explanation.
  • this phase comparator 7 in principle comprises an exclusive OR gate.
  • the output of this gate is worth, in a zero example, when the two signals transmitted at its input are both negative or positive. In the other cases, the exit from the exclusive OR is worth one.
  • FIG. 3c shows pulses 19 - 23 during which the output of the exclusive OR gate of the comparator 7 has passed to 1.
  • the output of the exclusive OR gate is connected to an integrating circuit 24-25.
  • the integrator circuit 24-25 comprises a resistor 24 in series and a capacitor 25 connected between the output of the resistor 23 and the ground.
  • the output of the integrator circuit is taken at the midpoint of this RC circuit.
  • the time constant of this RC circuit is large compared to the period of the pulses 19 - 23. It is for example 10 times greater.
  • the integrator circuit 24-25 transforms the pulse signals 19 to 23 into a substantially flat signal 26 (FIG. 3c). This signal 26 is the signal V e : the error signal admitted to the input of the oscillator.
  • the exclusive OR gate is slightly different. It is in fact connected in cascade with a sequential circuit having for object to determine which of the two signals (that coming from the entry or that coming from the output of the demodulator 1) arrives first. This makes it possible, by the direction of advance or delay of phase thus detected, to give a positive or negative direction to the signal V e . Under these conditions, the signal V e remains at the frequency f1.
  • Circuits comprising both the exclusive OR circuit and the sequential circuit thus described are known in the state of the art under the abbreviation of PLL (Phase Lock Loop) and make it possible to constitute the phase control loops.
  • PLL Phase Lock Loop
  • such a PLL circuit used is the circuit: Micro Power Phase Locked Loop: CD 40-46 A from the Company RCA.
  • the frequency f1 is of the order of a dozen KHz. This leads to maximum possible phase differences, expressed in time, of the order of 40 microseconds.
  • the oscillator receives signals error of a given polarity then of an inverse polarity depending on whether the sequential circuit thus described has detected a phase change of signal or another beforehand. This can result in erratic operation of the oscillator 6.
  • the values n are preferably of the order of 10 for the application indicated.
  • the voltage-controlled oscillator 6 is normally not stable and must in practice be controlled by a quartz 27 connected to the terminals of an oscillator 28.
  • the oscillator 28 is itself connected to a divider by m. This is made necessary by the fact that the crystals normally produce very high natural frequencies which are known to be far from a frequency f2 of the order of 12 Khz around which it will be necessary to control the oscillator controlled in voltage 6.
  • the signal delivered by the output 5 of the demodulator 1 is sent, by means of a correction amplifier 29 to an input 30 of a selection circuit 31.
  • the selection circuit 31 also comprises another input 32 which receives the signal present at the input 2 of the demodulator 1.
  • the purpose of the selection circuit is to deliver the sound in clear to the output 33 of the decoder according to the invention.
  • the selection circuit 31 includes in particular switches allowing the passage of the non-demodulated signal or of the signal having undergone the first demodulation by f1.
  • the selection circuit 31 receives orders N, M or P issued by a decision circuit 34.
  • the decision circuit 34 receives the electrical signals representative of the state of encryption, double encryption or lack of encryption of the sound signal received.
  • the decision circuit 34 is a decoder analogous to an address decoder. It can also be constituted by a diode matrix or another wired circuit.
  • the signals representative of these states are signals V and W produced respectively by control circuits such as circuits 35 or 36. These control circuits 35 and 36 are given here only for information and only to explain the function that 'they are supposed to perform. Other circuits are easily accessible to those skilled in the art.
  • the circuit 35 is interposed between the input of the oscillator 6 and the input of the decision circuit 34 which receives the signal V.
  • the signal V is a logic signal: it is supposed to be at 1 constantly when the its sound is emitted in clear by the chain of broadcasting.
  • the phase comparator 7 receives on the one hand a signal produced by the oscillator 6 which is fixed by default at the control frequency which the oscillator 28 delivers to it and on the other hand a constant signal. In other words, the phase comparator delivers a signal which oscillates between + 1 and - 1 at the proper oscillation rhythm of the oscillator 6.
  • the decision circuit 34 transmits, as a function of the value of the orders V and W it receives, orders by N, M and P indicated by the decision table of FIG. 5.
  • V is 1
  • N is 1
  • M and P are 0.
  • the signal N which is introduced on the control gate of an N-type transistor 40 of the selection circuit 31 authorizes the passage through this selection circuit 31 of the clear signal available on input 32 of this circuit.
  • This clear signal is then transmitted to a low pass filter 41 whose purpose is to prevent crosstalk.
  • the low pass filter is in connection with an output amplifier 42.
  • FIGS. 4a to 4c show the spectral diagram of a sound signal having undergone a double modulation and having to undergo a double demodulation.
  • the double demodulation is not, however, too complicated. It must subscribe to a certain number of constraints. For example, it is assumed that the unknown carrier frequency must be in a certain range, for example between 12 and 14.8 Khertz.
  • the frequency f2 being known, and even in a preferred example being equal to 12.8 Khertz, the frequency f1 in the event of double demodulation, must be in another range. In a corresponding example it must be between 24.8 Khertz and 27.6 Khertz.
  • the demodulation is first carried out by the unknown carrier f1 (when it is a simple modulation) or by a combination of the unknown carrier (
  • the signal 10, FIG. 4a first modulating a carrier at frequency f2 can produce a modulated signal 47.
  • the modulated signal 47 modulating the unknown carrier f1 produces on the one hand a doubly modulated signal of which a component 48 is located outside band, and of which another component 49 is located in the useful band.
  • the signal 48 is eliminated and the signal 49 is demodulated.
  • the voltage-controlled oscillator 6 is calibrated at the frequency
  • This signal, once demodulated, is located around the frequency f2.
  • a low pass filter 51 placed at the output of the modulator 1, the unnecessary high frequency components resulting from this first demodulation are eliminated.
  • a second demodulator 52 placed downstream of the filter 51, receiving on the one hand the signal 50 delivered by the filter 51, and on the other hand a carrier signal at frequency f2 produced by the oscillator 28, the final demodulation so as to find the clear sound at the output 53 of the demodulator 52.
  • the signal delivered by the output 53 is itself filtered in a filter, preferably with switched capacitors 54, in order to remove the demodulation noise and in order to avoid tape folding problems.
  • N is necessarily zero and the orders M and P then take mutually inverse values to authorize, by their application on N-type transistor gates 43 and 44 respectively, the passage of the simply demodulated signal available on input 30, or the passage of a doubly demodulated signal available on input 45 of the selection circuit 31.
  • the signal W is generated also for example by a control circuit 36 in relation to a band pass filter 46 centered on the frequency f2.
  • the bandpass filter 46 lets appear the high frequency components which would exist if the signal had been doubly modulated and if consequently after the first demodulation still existed high frequency components. This signal is detected in the same way as in the control circuit 36 and the signal W is worth 1 when there has been double modulation or is worth 0 when there has been no double modulation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Television Receiver Circuits (AREA)
EP90402682A 1989-10-02 1990-09-28 Dekoder zum Dekodieren eines verschlüsselten Fernsehaudiosignals Expired - Lifetime EP0424201B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8912844 1989-10-02
FR8912844A FR2652698A1 (fr) 1989-10-02 1989-10-02 Decodeur pour decoder un son crypte.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0424201A1 true EP0424201A1 (de) 1991-04-24
EP0424201B1 EP0424201B1 (de) 1992-08-12

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EP90402682A Expired - Lifetime EP0424201B1 (de) 1989-10-02 1990-09-28 Dekoder zum Dekodieren eines verschlüsselten Fernsehaudiosignals

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US5144666A (de)
EP (1) EP0424201B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03158033A (de)
DE (1) DE69000257T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2652698A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999020077A1 (de) * 1997-10-15 1999-04-22 Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg Am körper eines benutzers lagerbare schallwiedergabevorrichtung

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2690766B1 (fr) * 1992-04-30 1994-07-01 Sgs Thomson Microelectronics Interface programmable notamment pour la commande d'installations domestiques.
FR2691317B1 (fr) * 1992-05-15 1995-05-19 Sgs Thomson Microelectronics Procédé d'adressage automatique dans une installation, notamment une installation domestique.
FR2704663B1 (fr) * 1993-04-29 1995-06-23 Sgs Thomson Microelectronics Procédé et dispositif de détermination de la composition d'un circuit intégré.
US5471531A (en) * 1993-12-14 1995-11-28 Macrovision Corporation Method and apparatus for low cost audio scrambling and descrambling
FR2720576B1 (fr) * 1994-05-24 1996-06-21 Sgs Thomson Microelectronics Interface compatible pour installation de commande d'appareils domestiques industriels et professionnels.
FR2720527B1 (fr) * 1994-05-31 1996-07-12 Sgs Thomson Microelectronics Procédé de commande d'appareils domotiques groupés.
US6272226B1 (en) 1997-04-02 2001-08-07 Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. Apparatus and method for masking audio signals in a signal distribution system
US6363449B1 (en) 1999-03-29 2002-03-26 Compaq Information Technologies Group, L.P. Method and apparatus for providing interchassis communication and management
US6463495B1 (en) 1999-03-29 2002-10-08 Compaq Information Technologies Group, L.P. Command and control infrastructure for a computer system using the computer's power rail
US6502203B2 (en) 1999-04-16 2002-12-31 Compaq Information Technologies Group, L.P. Method and apparatus for cluster system operation
FR3054349B1 (fr) 2016-07-21 2019-06-07 Ingenico Group Procede de traitement de donnees par un dispositif electronique d'acquisition de donnees, dispositif et programme correspondant

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2203218A1 (de) * 1972-10-12 1974-05-10 Lepaute Cie Gle Elec Ind
US4166984A (en) * 1978-05-25 1979-09-04 Rockwell International Corporation Restricted rate of change phase lock loop apparatus
EP0085453A1 (de) * 1982-01-29 1983-08-10 LA RADIOTECHNIQUE, Société Anonyme dite: Elektronisches System zur geheimen Übertragung von Audiosignalen
EP0199410A1 (de) * 1985-04-19 1986-10-29 La Radiotechnique Portenseigne System zur Übertragung geheimer Andiosignale und Fernsehgerät zum Empfang solcher Signale
FR2624674A1 (fr) * 1987-12-15 1989-06-16 Thomson Csf Procede et dispositif de modulation-demodulation d'amplitude coherente

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4148063A (en) * 1977-04-28 1979-04-03 Teleglobe Pay-Tv System, Inc. Method and apparatus for encoding audio signals in television systems
JPS6037824A (ja) * 1983-08-09 1985-02-27 Fujitsu Ltd Ｐｌｌ回路

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2203218A1 (de) * 1972-10-12 1974-05-10 Lepaute Cie Gle Elec Ind
US4166984A (en) * 1978-05-25 1979-09-04 Rockwell International Corporation Restricted rate of change phase lock loop apparatus
EP0085453A1 (de) * 1982-01-29 1983-08-10 LA RADIOTECHNIQUE, Société Anonyme dite: Elektronisches System zur geheimen Übertragung von Audiosignalen
EP0199410A1 (de) * 1985-04-19 1986-10-29 La Radiotechnique Portenseigne System zur Übertragung geheimer Andiosignale und Fernsehgerät zum Empfang solcher Signale
FR2624674A1 (fr) * 1987-12-15 1989-06-16 Thomson Csf Procede et dispositif de modulation-demodulation d'amplitude coherente

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 9, no. 159 (E-326)[1882], 4 juillet 1985; & JP-A-60 037 824 (FUJITSU) 27-02-1985 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999020077A1 (de) * 1997-10-15 1999-04-22 Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg Am körper eines benutzers lagerbare schallwiedergabevorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69000257D1 (de) 1992-09-17
EP0424201B1 (de) 1992-08-12
US5144666A (en) 1992-09-01
DE69000257T2 (de) 1993-04-08
JPH03158033A (ja) 1991-07-08
FR2652698A1 (fr) 1991-04-05

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