EP0423111A1 - Process and device for improving the combustion process of fuels with oxygen containing gases and process for manufacturing said device - Google Patents

Process and device for improving the combustion process of fuels with oxygen containing gases and process for manufacturing said device

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Publication number
EP0423111A1
EP0423111A1 EP88905805A EP88905805A EP0423111A1 EP 0423111 A1 EP0423111 A1 EP 0423111A1 EP 88905805 A EP88905805 A EP 88905805A EP 88905805 A EP88905805 A EP 88905805A EP 0423111 A1 EP0423111 A1 EP 0423111A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substance
hardening
electrically
hardened
polarized
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88905805A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Willy Stüer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STUEER, DETLEF KLAUS
Original Assignee
Willy Stüer
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Willy Stüer filed Critical Willy Stüer
Publication of EP0423111A1 publication Critical patent/EP0423111A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B51/00—Other methods of operating engines involving pretreating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines
    • F02B51/04—Other methods of operating engines involving pretreating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines involving electricity or magnetism
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for improving the combustion process of, in particular, finely divided fuels with oxygen-containing Ga (hereinafter referred to as "combustion air”), in particular in the combustion of gaseous or liquid fuel, in particular in internal combustion engines of vehicles, and processes for producing them such a device.
  • combustion air oxygen-containing Ga
  • the invention has for its object to provide a further procedure and a further device of the type mentioned and a method for producing such a device, in particular the practical use of the effects of electrical fields on the reactants.
  • the procedure according to claim 1 is proposed by which the combustion process is intensified, although it proceeds more completely and / or more quickly, which - depending on the condition - by increasing the reactivity of a reaction partner and / or improving the homogeneity Mixing of the reactants and / or the Reaction fes is reached.
  • the pollutants in the exhaust gas and / or the fuel consumption can be reduced ⁇ d / or the engine power, in particular part-load range, can be improved, in particular when used in accordance with the invention on automotive power vehicles.
  • the object is achieved by the features of claim 7, the aforementioned advantages being achieved accordingly.
  • the object with regard to a manufacturing process for the device is achieved by the features of claim 9.
  • fuels are to be understood to mean all, in particular finely divided fuels, that is to say also finely divided f fuels - but preferably liquid and shaped fuels.
  • the invention is therefore basically applicable to all areas of distribution technology, in particular fossil but also artificially produced fuels, including, for example, in the area of power plant fires and the like.
  • Particularly preferred fields of application are Ir machines for mobile or stationary use, but in particular for vehicle engines of all types of water, L and aircraft, including jet or rocket engines.
  • both the reactants can be treated together, ie before, during and / or after their mixing.
  • the reactants or groups are preferably separated from reactants and, as a rule, also treated differently, preferably with opposite electrical larity.
  • the fuel in turn a mixture of several substances, in particular several fuels, is particularly preferred, separated from the combustion air, which can also be a gas mixture, but in principle it is sufficient that only one reaction partner, in particular a group of reaction substances nern to treat the fuel mixture on the one hand or the combustion air on the other hand according to the invention.
  • the "surface" with which the at least one reaction partner is brought into contact according to the invention is basically all surface areas of the combustion system in Betrac which are passed directly by the at least one reaction partner of the combustion, and in principle also the surface of storage containers of the at least one reaction partner. These surfaces are preferably the walls of the transport routes into the combustion chamber to be passed by the at least one reaction part. Basically, the combustion chamber can be included. Limits are only set by the fact that the surface produced or treated according to the invention is not damaged by external influences such as temperatures or the like which are too high, that is to say that the effects of the surface do not remain at least one of the reactants, or only as rarely as possible must be touched up.
  • a "bringing into contact" of the at least one reaction partner with the surface according to the invention accordingly includes the individual molecules or at least some of the molecules d at least one reaction partner either come into contact with the surface or are not led past the surface at too great a distance, because the effect a of the reaction partner decreases with increasing distance from the surface according to the invention.
  • the surfaces or parts of the surfaces in the transport channels for the at least one reactant that lead into the combustion chamber are successful, for example the production of the surface according to the invention in the Area of the distribution airways.
  • the "substance" to be used according to the invention is such a substance, d initially in finely divided and pulverized, gaseous form In particular, it is in liquid form and can harden under the formation of a more or less elastic or also a relatively hard piece of material, for example by cooling or by chemical reaction, such a substance must, according to the invention, be electrically polarizable and / or electrostatically chargeable by friction or the like
  • Electrically larisable in the sense of the invention means that, for example, e charge shift or charge orientation in the atoms, molecules or molecular groups of the substance is possible, which a includes an orientation of entire molecules, in particular in an electrical direct voltage field he substance or group of substances listed in claim 5 in question.
  • either S-rge must be worn for this, while the substance according to the invention hardens its correspondingly suitable components in the electrical polarity
  • the state remains / has remained or at least has been electrically polarized before it hardens / s
  • the substance can basically be left over during hardening. As a rule, however, it is necessary to take suitable measures to maintain the electrical polarization state of the substance even during hardening.
  • an electrical DC voltage field is particularly suitable for the production and maintenance of the electrically polarized state of the shock according to the invention before and during its hardening.
  • a DC voltage field can be applied and applied in basically any way, for example the component to be treated can be charged electrically positively or negatively and, in particular, this state of charge can be maintained until the substance has hardened. Basically, however, it is sufficient if the electrical direct voltage is designed such that the material to be hardened is and remains electrically polarized during the hardening. Elektris DC voltage fields of a few, for example 1 to 10, may already be sufficient, but electrical Fe of several 100 kV can also be useful in a particular application.
  • polarization and / or maintenance of the polarized state of the substance can be used according to the invention then be dispensed with if the hardened substance can be charged electrically by friction, such as preferably by flowing combustion air flow or the like.
  • an electrical DC voltage field should act on the material during hardening or at least immediately before the substance hardens.
  • the layer thickness of the material on the surface can be relatively thin, in particular a thickness of 0.01 to 100 ⁇ m, whereby the layer thickness does not have to be constant and the surface must not be continuously coated.
  • the demands on the thickness, uniformity and completeness of the application of material to the surface depend on the circumstances of the individual process. As a rule, the more intensive the contact between the surface and the at least one reaction partner, the lower the requirements
  • Particularly intensive contact occurs, for example, in air filters, on valves and / or injection nozzles and similar contact surfaces that are rich in exchange upstream or immediately on the o in the combustion chamber, in particular of internal combustion engines
  • the Beha ⁇ dlungsste the at least one Mattersp "Artner, that is, the erf du ⁇ gsge ate surface suggest the Verbre ⁇ ungsraum as possible, which means that up to Verbre ⁇ Vietnamese spasraum still back DETERMINED Moving around as short as possible and / or the time required for this is as short as possible and / or that, for example, electrically non-conductive walls are provided on the way.
  • the air intake path in particular the expansion air filter when the machine was running, was operated in the following manner:
  • the fuel saving targeted by measure e according to the invention was more than 20%.
  • the St was a mixture of 2% vol.% Dimethsiloxane and 98% vol.% Paraffins, which mixture was in the form of a solids content of 89.7% vol.% In tetrachlorocarbon before hardening. The results achieved were as good as in the first experiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et dispositif permettant d'améliorer le processus de combustion de carburants avec des gaz contenant de l'oxygène et procédé de production de ce dispositif. On facilite le processus de combustion en mettant, immédiatement avant la combustion, les corps participant à la réaction ou au moins un des corps participant à la réaction, individuellement ou collectivement en contact avec une surface traitée au préalable. La surface est traitée avec un matériau durcissable électriquement polarisable avant ou pendant son durcissement. On précipite ce matériau sur la surface en question avant ou pendant son durcissement, la surface est réalisée avec ce matériau ou tout le composant est constitué de ce matériau. Le durcissement de ce matériau pour former ladite surface, ou sur ladite surface, ou le durcissement de ce matériau pour former le composant présentant ladite surface se fait à l'état électriquement polarisé du matériau. En variante, on peut utiliser un matériau susceptible de se charger électrostatiquement par friction ou similaire et qui est également, le cas échéant, électriquement polarisable. L'invention permet entre autres d'améliorer les performances et/ou de réduire la consommation de moteurs de véhicules.Method and device for improving the process of combustion of fuels with gases containing oxygen and method for producing the same. The combustion process is facilitated by bringing, immediately prior to combustion, the bodies participating in the reaction or at least one of the bodies participating in the reaction, individually or collectively, in contact with a previously treated surface. The surface is treated with an electrically polarizable curable material before or during its curing. This material is precipitated on the surface in question before or during its curing, the surface is made of this material or the entire component is made of this material. The hardening of this material to form said surface, or on said surface, or the hardening of this material to form the component having said surface, takes place in the electrically polarized state of the material. Alternatively, one can use a material capable of being electrostatically charged by friction or the like and which is also, where appropriate, electrically polarizable. The invention makes it possible, among other things, to improve the performance and / or reduce the consumption of vehicle engines.

Description

4 4
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Verbrennungs¬ prozesses von Brennstoffen mit Sauerstoff enthaltenden Gasen sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen VorrichtungMethod and device for improving the combustion process of fuels with oxygen-containing gases and method for producing such a device
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Beschreibung:Description:
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorri tung zur Verbesserung des Verbrennungsprozesses von insbeson re feinteiligen Brennstoffen mit Sauerstoff enthaltenden Ga (nachfolgend als "Verbrennungsluft" bezeichnet) , insbesond bei der Verbrennung gasförmiger oder flüssiger Brennstof insbesondere in Brenπkraftmaschiπen von Fahrzeugen sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a method and a device for improving the combustion process of, in particular, finely divided fuels with oxygen-containing Ga (hereinafter referred to as "combustion air"), in particular in the combustion of gaseous or liquid fuel, in particular in internal combustion engines of vehicles, and processes for producing them such a device.
Vor allem auf dem Gebiet der Fahrzeugmotoren werden derz große Anstrengungen zur Optimierung des Verbrennungsprozes unternommen. Ziel dieser Bemühungen ist einerseits die Senk des Kraftstoff erbrauches und andererseits eine Verringer der Umweltbelastung, zum Beispiel durch Verwendung von weni Blei und weniger Benzol. Auch Leistuπgsverbesserungen s durchaus erwünscht. Zur Erreichung dieser Ziele gibt es mehr Lösungswege, die einander zum Teil überlappen. Wege zur L stungsverbesserung und/oder Verbrauchsverminderung bestehen ter anderem in der Optimierung der Verbrennungsluftzufuhr, i besondere mit Hilfe von Vier-Ventil-Motoren , Turbo-Ladern dergleichen. Wege zur SchadstoffVerminderung bestehen unter derem in der Verwendung von Katalysatoraπordnungen zum Nach handeln der Verbrenπungsabgase , Veränderungen der Kraftstoff sammensetzung oder dergleichen. Ein anderer Weg besteht in Abmagerung des Luft/Kraftstoff-Gemisches. Darüber hinaus auch bereits die Anwendung elektrischer Felder praktiziert w den; allerdings erwies sich die Wirkung solcher Anwendungen die Reaktionspartner am Verbrennuπgsort in praktischen Anw dungsfällen als zu gering. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein weiteres Verf ren sowie eine weitere Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen Vorrichtung reitzustellen, insbesondere den praktischen Nutzen der Einw kung elektrischer Felder auf die Reaktionspartner zu verb sern.Especially in the field of vehicle engines, great efforts are being made to optimize the combustion process. The aim of these efforts is, on the one hand, to reduce fuel consumption and, on the other hand, to reduce the environmental impact, for example by using less lead and less benzene. Performance improvements are also very welcome. There are more solutions to achieve these goals, some of which overlap. Ways to improve performance and / or reduce consumption consist, inter alia, of optimizing the combustion air supply, in particular with the aid of four-valve engines, turbochargers and the like. One way of reducing pollutants is to use catalytic converter arrangements to act on the combustion exhaust gases, changes in the fuel composition or the like. Another way is to lean the air / fuel mixture. In addition, the application of electric fields has already been practiced; however, the effects of such applications have proved to be too small for the reaction partners at the combustion site in practical applications. The invention has for its object to provide a further procedure and a further device of the type mentioned and a method for producing such a device, in particular the practical use of the effects of electrical fields on the reactants.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich eines Behandlu verfahrens die Vorgeheπsweise gemäß Anspruch 1 vorgeschla durch welche der Verbrennungsprozeß intensiviert wird, inde vollständiger und/oder schneller abläuft, was - behaπdlung dingt - durch eine Erhöhung der Reaktionsfähigkeit zumin eines Reaktioπspartners und/oder eine verbesserte Homogen der Mischung der Reaktionspartner und/oder des Reaktionsab fes erreicht wird. Hierdurch können insbesondere bei der er dungsgemäß bevorzugten Anwendung an Breπnkraftmaschiπen Fahrzeugen die Schadstoffe im Abgas und/oder der Brennsto f brauch vermindert ύπd/oder die Motorenleistuπg , insbesonder Teillastbereich., verbessert werden. - Hinsichtlich der Vorr tung wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 7 löst, wobei die vorgenannten Vorteile sinngemäß erreicht den. Schließlich wird die Aufgabe hinsichtlich eines Hers lungsverfahrens für die Vorrichtung durch die Merkmale des spruchs 9 gelöst.To solve this problem, with regard to a treatment method, the procedure according to claim 1 is proposed by which the combustion process is intensified, although it proceeds more completely and / or more quickly, which - depending on the condition - by increasing the reactivity of a reaction partner and / or improving the homogeneity Mixing of the reactants and / or the Reaction fes is reached. As a result, the pollutants in the exhaust gas and / or the fuel consumption can be reduced ύπd / or the engine power, in particular part-load range, can be improved, in particular when used in accordance with the invention on automotive power vehicles. - Regarding the Vorr device, the object is achieved by the features of claim 7, the aforementioned advantages being achieved accordingly. Finally, the object with regard to a manufacturing process for the device is achieved by the features of claim 9.
Im Sinne der Erfindung sind unter "Brennstoffen" alle, in sondere feinteiligen Brennstoffe, also auch feinteilige f Brennstoffe zu verstehen - vorzugsweise aber flüssige und förmige Brennstoffe. Die Erfindung ist mithin grundsätzlic allen Bereichen der Verbreπnungstechni , insbesondere fossi aber auch künstlich hergestellter Brennstoffe anwendbar, auch zum Beispiel im Bereich von Kraftwerksfeueruπgen und gleichen. Besonders bevorzugtes Anwendungsgebiet sind 'Ir kraftmaschinen für den mobilen oder stationären Einsatz, in sondere aber von Fahrzeugmotoren jeder Art von Wasser-, L und Luftfahrzeugen, also auch Düsen- oder Raketenantr ben .For the purposes of the invention, "fuels" are to be understood to mean all, in particular finely divided fuels, that is to say also finely divided f fuels - but preferably liquid and shaped fuels. The invention is therefore basically applicable to all areas of distribution technology, in particular fossil but also artificially produced fuels, including, for example, in the area of power plant fires and the like. Particularly preferred fields of application are Ir machines for mobile or stationary use, but in particular for vehicle engines of all types of water, L and aircraft, including jet or rocket engines.
Erfindungsgemäß können sowohl die Reaktionspartner gemeins das heißt vor, während und/oder nach deren Mischung behand werden. Vorzugsweise werden die Reaktionspartner bzw. Grup von Reaktionspartnern getrennt und in der Regel auch unt schiedlich, vorzugsweise mit entgegengesetzter elektrischer larität behandelt. Besonders bevorzugt wird der Brennstoff, seinerseits ein Gemisch mehrerer Stoffe, insbesondere mehre Brennstoffe sein kann, getrennt von der Verbrennungsluft, der es sich auch um ein Gasgemisch handeln kann, behande Grundsätzlich reicht es aber bereits aus, lediglich einen Reaktionspartner, insbesondere eine Gruppe von Reaktionspa nern wie das Brennstoffgemisch einerseits oder die V brennungsluft andererseits erfiπdungsgemäß zu behandeln.According to the invention, both the reactants can be treated together, ie before, during and / or after their mixing. The reactants or groups are preferably separated from reactants and, as a rule, also treated differently, preferably with opposite electrical larity. The fuel, in turn a mixture of several substances, in particular several fuels, is particularly preferred, separated from the combustion air, which can also be a gas mixture, but in principle it is sufficient that only one reaction partner, in particular a group of reaction substances nern to treat the fuel mixture on the one hand or the combustion air on the other hand according to the invention.
Als "Oberfläche", mit der der zumindest eine Reaktionspart erfindungsgemäß in Kontakt gebracht wird kommen grundsätzl alle Oberflächenbereiche der Verbrennungsanlage in Betrac die von dem mindestens einen Reaktionspartner unmittelbar der Verbrennung passiert werden und zwar grundsätzlich auch Oberfläche von Vorratsbehältern des mindestens einen Reaktio partπers. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei diesen Oberfläc um die Wandungen der von dem zumindest einen Reaktionspart zu passierenden Transportwege in den Verbrennungsraum. Gru sätzlich kann der Verbrennungsraum davon mit umfaßt sein. Gr zen werden lediglich dadurch gesetzt, daß die erfindungsge hergestellte oder behandelte Oberfläche durch äußere Einw kung, wie etwa zu hohe Temperaturen oder dergleichen nicht schädigt wird, das heißt, daß die Wirkungen der Oberfläche den mindestens einen Reaktionspartner auch erhalten bleiben nicht oder nur möglichst selten nachgebessert werden müss Ein "In-Kontakt-Bringeπ" des mindestens einen Reaktionspartn mit der erfindungsgemäßen Oberfläche beinhaltet demnach, die einzelnen Moleküle oder zumindest ein Teil der Moleküle d mindestens einen Reaktioπspartners mit der Oberfläche entwed in Berührungskontakt gelangen oder in nicht zu großem Absta an der Oberfläche vorbeigeführt werden, weil mit zunehmend Abstand von der erfindungsgemäßen Oberfläche die Wirkung a den Reaktionspartπer nachläßt. Es hat sich zum Beispiel bei d Anwendung an einem Einspritzmotor für eine Fahrzeugmaschine a völlig ausreichend erwiesen, wenn die Oberflächen oder Tei der Oberflächen in den Transportkanälen für den zumindest ein Reaktionspartner, die in den Verbrennungsraum führen, erfolg wie zum Beispiel die Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer Oberfläch im Bereich der Verbreπnungsluftwege.The "surface" with which the at least one reaction partner is brought into contact according to the invention is basically all surface areas of the combustion system in Betrac which are passed directly by the at least one reaction partner of the combustion, and in principle also the surface of storage containers of the at least one reaction partner. These surfaces are preferably the walls of the transport routes into the combustion chamber to be passed by the at least one reaction part. Basically, the combustion chamber can be included. Limits are only set by the fact that the surface produced or treated according to the invention is not damaged by external influences such as temperatures or the like which are too high, that is to say that the effects of the surface do not remain at least one of the reactants, or only as rarely as possible must be touched up. A "bringing into contact" of the at least one reaction partner with the surface according to the invention accordingly includes the individual molecules or at least some of the molecules d at least one reaction partner either come into contact with the surface or are not led past the surface at too great a distance, because the effect a of the reaction partner decreases with increasing distance from the surface according to the invention. For example, when used on an injection engine for a vehicle machine, it has proven to be completely sufficient if the surfaces or parts of the surfaces in the transport channels for the at least one reactant that lead into the combustion chamber are successful, for example the production of the surface according to the invention in the Area of the distribution airways.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden "Stoff", mit dem d erfindungsgemäße Oberfläche behandelt wird, oder aus der die Oberfläche bzw. das ganze diese Oberfläche tragende" Baute hergestellt wird, handelt es sich um einen solchen Stoff, d zunächst in feinteiliger wie pulverisierter, gasförmiger u insbesondere flüssiger Form vorliegt und der sich unter Bildu eines mehr oder weniger elastischen oder auch eines relat harten Materialstücks erhärten kann, zum Beispiel durch Abkü lung oder durch chemische Reaktion. Ein solcher Stoff muß finduπgsgemäß elektrisch polarisierbar und/oder durch Reib oder dergleichen elektrostatisch aufladbar sein. Elektrisch larisierbar im Sinne der Erfindung heißt, daß zum Beispiel e Laduπgsverschiebung oder Ladungsorientierung in den Atomen, lekülen oder Molekülgruppen des Stoffes möglich ist, was a eine Orientierung ganzer Moleküle, insbesondere in einem el trischen Gleichspannungsfeld beinhaltet. Als derartige Sto kommen insbesondere die im Patentanspruch 5 aufgeführten Sto bzw. Gruppe von Stoffen in Frage.The "substance" to be used according to the invention, with which the surface according to the invention is treated, or from which the structure or the entire structure supporting this surface is produced, is such a substance, d initially in finely divided and pulverized, gaseous form In particular, it is in liquid form and can harden under the formation of a more or less elastic or also a relatively hard piece of material, for example by cooling or by chemical reaction, such a substance must, according to the invention, be electrically polarizable and / or electrostatically chargeable by friction or the like Electrically larisable in the sense of the invention means that, for example, e charge shift or charge orientation in the atoms, molecules or molecular groups of the substance is possible, which a includes an orientation of entire molecules, in particular in an electrical direct voltage field he substance or group of substances listed in claim 5 in question.
Erfiπduπgsgemäß muß entweder dafür S-^rge getragen werden, während der Erhärtung des erfindungsgjmäßen Stoffes dieser b seine entsprechend geeigneten Komponenten im elektrisch pola sierten Zustand verbleibt/ erbleiben bzw. zumindest unmitte vor seinem Erhärten elektrisch polarisiert worden ist/s Hierzu kann es ausreichen, den Stoff im noch nicht erhärt Zustand elektrisch zu polarisieren und zwar entweder bevor auf die erfindungsgemäße Oberfläche aufgetragen ist, und/o während bzw. nachdem er auf die erfinduπgsgemäße Oberflä aufgetragen worden ist bzw. diese Oberfläche aus diesem St durch Herstellen des Bauteils erzeugt worden ist. Danach k der Stoff während des Erhärtens grundsätzlich sich selber üb lassen bleiben. In der Regel ist es aber erforderlich, du geeignete Maßnahmen auch während der Erhärtung den elektrisc Polarisationszustaπd des Stoffes aufrechtzuerhalten. In al Fällen ist für die Herstellung und Aufrechterhaltung des el trisch polarisierten Zustandes des erfinduπgsgemäßen Sto vor und während dessen Erhärten die Anwendung eines elekt schen Gleichspanπungsfeldes besonders geeignet. Ein solc Gleichspannuπgsfeld kann auf im Grunde beliebige Weise erz und angewendet werden, zum Beispiel kann das Oberflächen zu handelnde Bauteil elektrisch positiv oder elektrisch nega aufgeladen und, insbesondere, dieser Aufladungszustand bis Erhärten des Stoffes aufrechterhalten werden. Grundsätzlich es aber ausreichend, wenn das elektrische Gleichspanhungs so ausgebildet ist, daß der zu erhärtende Stoff während der härtung elektrisch polarisiert wird und bleibt. Elektris Gleichspannungsfelder von wenigen, zum Beispiel 1 bis 10 können bereits ausreichen, doch können auch elektrische Fe von mehreren 100 kV im einzelnen Anwendungsfall sinnvoll s - Alternativ zu diesem Weg kann erfindungsgemäß auf das Pola sieren und/oder das Aufrechterhalten des polarisierten Zust des des Stoffes dann verzichtet werden, wenn der erhärt Stoff durch Reibung, wie zum Beispiel vorzugsweise durch vorbeiströmenden Verbrennungsluftstrom oder dergleichen e trisch aufladbar ist. Auch in diesem Fall sollte ein elek sches Gleichspannungsfeld während der Erhärtung oder aber mindest unmittelbar vor dem Erhärten des Stoffes auf die wirken . Die Schichtdicke des Stoffes auf der Oberfläche kann relat dünn sein, insbesondere eine Stärke von 0,01 bis 100 μm au weisen, wobei die Schichtdicke weder konstant sein muß, no die Oberfläche ununterbrochen beschichtet sein 'muß. Die Anf derungen an die Dicke, Gleichmäßigkeit und Vollständigkeit Stoffauftrages auf die Oberfläche hängen von den Umständen einzelnen Prozesses ab. In der Regel werden die Anforderun um so geringer sein, je intensiver der Kontakt zwischen Oberfläche und dem mindestens einen Reaktioπspartner sein kaAccording to the invention, either S-rge must be worn for this, while the substance according to the invention hardens its correspondingly suitable components in the electrical polarity The state remains / has remained or at least has been electrically polarized before it hardens / s For this purpose, it may be sufficient to polarize the material in the not yet hardened state either before it is applied to the surface according to the invention, and / o during or after it has been applied to the surface according to the invention or this surface has been produced from this piece by producing the component. After that, the substance can basically be left over during hardening. As a rule, however, it is necessary to take suitable measures to maintain the electrical polarization state of the substance even during hardening. In all cases, the use of an electrical DC voltage field is particularly suitable for the production and maintenance of the electrically polarized state of the shock according to the invention before and during its hardening. Such a DC voltage field can be applied and applied in basically any way, for example the component to be treated can be charged electrically positively or negatively and, in particular, this state of charge can be maintained until the substance has hardened. Basically, however, it is sufficient if the electrical direct voltage is designed such that the material to be hardened is and remains electrically polarized during the hardening. Elektris DC voltage fields of a few, for example 1 to 10, may already be sufficient, but electrical Fe of several 100 kV can also be useful in a particular application. As an alternative to this route, polarization and / or maintenance of the polarized state of the substance can be used according to the invention then be dispensed with if the hardened substance can be charged electrically by friction, such as preferably by flowing combustion air flow or the like. In this case too, an electrical DC voltage field should act on the material during hardening or at least immediately before the substance hardens. The layer thickness of the material on the surface can be relatively thin, in particular a thickness of 0.01 to 100 μm, whereby the layer thickness does not have to be constant and the surface must not be continuously coated. The demands on the thickness, uniformity and completeness of the application of material to the surface depend on the circumstances of the individual process. As a rule, the more intensive the contact between the surface and the at least one reaction partner, the lower the requirements
Besonders intensive Berührungen treten zum Beispiel in Luftf tern, an Ventilen und/oder Einspritzdüsen und ähnlichen a tauschreichen Koπtaktflächen stromauf oder unmittelbar am o im Verbrennungsraum, insbesondere von Brennkraftmaschinen auParticularly intensive contact occurs, for example, in air filters, on valves and / or injection nozzles and similar contact surfaces that are rich in exchange upstream or immediately on the o in the combustion chamber, in particular of internal combustion engines
In jedem Falle ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Behaπdlungsste des mindestens einen Reaktionsp"artners, das heißt, die erf duπgsge äße Oberfläche möglichst nahe dem Verbreππungsraum legen ist, das heißt, daß die bis zum Verbreπnungsraum noch rückzulegenden Wege möglichst kurz sind und/oder die dafür nötigte Zeitdauer möglichst kurz ist und/oder daß auf die Wege zum Beispiel elektrisch nicht leitende Wandungen vor sehen sind.In any case, it is advantageous if the Behaπdlungsste the at least one Reaktionsp "Artner, that is, the erf duπgsge ate surface suggest the Verbreππungsraum as possible, which means that up to Verbreπnungsraum still back DETERMINED Moving around as short as possible and / or the time required for this is as short as possible and / or that, for example, electrically non-conductive walls are provided on the way.
Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen des Erfindungsgegeπstandes, insbesondere eine sehr schnelle und vollständige, insbesond spontane Verbrennung gewährleisten, sind in weiteren Ansprüc enthalten.Appropriate embodiments of the subject matter of the invention, in particular ensuring very fast and complete, in particular spontaneous, combustion are contained in further claims.
Die vorgenannten, erfinduπgsgemäß zu verwendenden Bauteile b Verfahrensschritte unterliegen in ihrer Größe, Formgestaltu Materialauswahl und technischen Konzeption bzw. den Verfahre bedingungen kerxten besonderen Ausnahmebedinguπgen, so daß in dem jeweiligen Anwendungsgebiet bekannten Auswahlkriter uneingeschränkt Anwendung finden können. Ausführungsbeispiele:The aforementioned components b of the process steps to be used according to the invention are subject in their size, shape, material selection and technical conception or the operating conditions to specific special conditions, so that known selection criteria can be used without restriction in the respective field of application. Examples:
Bei einer Brennkraftmaschine für Fahrzeuge mit Kraftstoffei spritzung wurde der Luftansaugweg, insbesondere der Verbre nungsluftfilter bei laufender Maschine in folgender Weise b handelt: Ein (Poly)dimethylsiloxan als schnell vulkanisieren Einkomponenten-Lösung , die mit einem Lösungsmittel aus Tr chloräthylen verdünnt war, wurde über eine mit 28 kV elektris positiv aufgeladene Kupferplatte einer Größe von 0,2 x 0,3 m etwa tangentialer Richtung mit Druckluft als Treibgas dera gesprüht, daß es nach Passieren der Kupferplatte in d Luftansaugweg der Brennkraftmaschine gelangte. Aufgrund d sehr schnellen Erhärtens des im elektrischen Feld versprüht Stoffes konnte die Brennkraftmaschine unmittelbar danach g startet werden. Die durch die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme e zielte Kraftstoffersparnis betrug mehr als 20 %. Außerdem wu den Beschleunigungsverbesserungen im Teillastbereich erziel Ergänzende Versuche deuten darauf hin, daß die ergänzende B handlung der den Kraftstoff führenden Leituπgswege mit d gleichen Polydimethylsiloxaπ zu weiterer Kraftstoffersparn führen. Die ergänzenden Versuche wurden mit der gleichen Ve suchsanordnung und den gleichen Versuchsbedingungen durchg führt, wobei die Kupferplatte allerdings elektrisch negat aufgeladen wurde. Überraschenderweise wurde sogar dann ei Kraftstoffersparnis festgestellt, wenn der Kraftstoff kein unmittelbaren Kontakt mit der erfindungsgemäß behandelten Obe fläche, sondern nur einen mittelbaren Kontakt hatte, in dem d äußere Oberfläche der Kraftstoff führenden Leitungen behande wurde. Der Kontakt mit der erfindungsgemäß behandelten Oberfl che und einem Reaktionspartner muß also nicht zwingender Wei unmittelbar sein, sondern es reicht aus, wenn der Abstand zw schen der erfindungsgemäß behandelten Oberfläche und den vo beistreichenden Reaktionspartner relativ gering, etwa in d Größenordnung von wenigen Millimetern, ist. Natürlich ist d Wirkung um so besser, je geringer die Abstände zu der Oberf che sind und je unmittelbarer und intensiver der Kontakt ist.In an internal combustion engine for vehicles with fuel injection, the air intake path, in particular the expansion air filter when the machine was running, was operated in the following manner: A (poly) dimethylsiloxane as a rapidly vulcanizing one-component solution, which was diluted with a solvent of trchlorethylene, was used in sprayed with 28 kV electris positively charged copper plate of a size of 0.2 x 0.3 m approximately tangential direction with compressed air as the propellant gas, so that it came into the air intake path of the internal combustion engine after passing through the copper plate. Due to the very rapid hardening of the substance sprayed in the electric field, the internal combustion engine could be started immediately afterwards. The fuel saving targeted by measure e according to the invention was more than 20%. In addition, acceleration improvements were achieved in the part-load range. Additional tests indicate that the additional treatment of the fuel conduction paths with the same polydimethylsiloxane leads to further fuel savings. The additional experiments were carried out with the same experimental arrangement and the same experimental conditions, although the copper plate was negatively charged electrically. Surprisingly, a fuel saving was found even when the fuel had no direct contact with the surface treated according to the invention, but only an indirect contact in which the outer surface of the lines carrying the fuel was treated. The contact with the surface treated according to the invention and a reaction partner does not therefore have to be immediate, but it is sufficient if the distance between the surface treated according to the invention and the co-reacting partner is relatively small, for example in the order of a few millimeters . Of course, d The smaller the distance to the surface and the more direct and intensive the contact, the better the effect.
Der gleiche Versuch wurd'e mit einem anderen, von Hause elektrisch gut isolierenden Stoff wiederholt. Bei dem St handelte es sich um eine Mischung aus 2% Vol - % Dimeth siloxan und 98% Vol. - % Parafinen, welche Mischung vor Erhärten in in Tetra—chlorkohleπstoff gelöster Form 89,7% Vol. - % Feststoffanteil vorlag. Die damit erzielten folge waren ähnlich gut wie im erstgenannten Versuch. The same experiment was repeated with another substance that was electrically good at home. The St was a mixture of 2% vol.% Dimethsiloxane and 98% vol.% Paraffins, which mixture was in the form of a solids content of 89.7% vol.% In tetrachlorocarbon before hardening. The results achieved were as good as in the first experiment.

Claims

Ansprüche : Expectations :
1. Verfahren zur Verbesserung des Verbrennungsprozesses Brennstoffen mit Sauerstoff enthaltenden Gasen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reaktionspartner einzeln oder gemeinsam oder das zum dest einer der Reaktionspartner unmittelbar vor der Verbr nung mit mindestens einer Oberfläche in Kontakt gebra wird/werden, welche mindestens eine Oberfläche zumindest teilweise ei erhärteten Stoff (Material) trägt oder aus einem erhärte Stoff (Material) besteht, welcher Stoff vor oder währ seines Erhärtens elektrisch polarisierbar ist und dessen härtung auf der oder zu der Oberfläche oder dessen geme same Erhärtung mit dem die Oberfläche aufweisenden Baut im elektrisch polarisierten Zustand des Stoffes oder zum dest unmittelbar nach einer elektrischen Polarisatioπs handluπg stattgefunden hat, oder welcher Stoff zumind nach seinem Erhärten durch Reibung oder dergleichen elekt statisch aufladbar ist oder welcher Stoff elektrisch pola sierbar und elektrostatisch aufladbar ist und im polarisi ten Zustand erhärtet oder zumindest unmittelbar vor sei Erhärten elektrisch polarisiert worden ist.1. A method for improving the combustion process of fuels with oxygen-containing gases, characterized in that the reactants are used individually or jointly or that at least one of the reactants is / are immediately in contact with at least one surface, which has at least one surface at least partially bears a hardened substance (material) or consists of a hardened substance (material), which substance can be polarized electrically before or during its hardening and its hardening on or to the surface or its joint hardening with the structure having the surface in the electrical polarized state of the substance or at least immediately after an electrical polarization has taken place, or which substance can be electrostatically charged after it has hardened due to friction or the like or which substance can be electrically polarized and electrostatically charged and is in the pol Aris ten state hardened or at least immediately before polarization has been electrically polarized.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ei elektrische Behandlung des Stoffes, insbesondere die ele trische Polarisation des Stoffes, in einem elektrisch Gleichspannungsfeld zumindest unmittelbar vor dem Erhärt des Stoffes erfolgt ist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that ei electrical treatment of the substance, in particular the ele trical polarization of the substance, is carried out in an electrical DC voltage field at least immediately before the hardening of the substance.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichne daß die elektrische Behandlung des Stoffes, insbesondere d elektrische Polarisation, während des Erhärtens des Stoff durch ein elektrisches Gleichspannungsfeld aufrechterhalt worden ist. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrical treatment of the substance, in particular d electrical polarization, has been maintained during the hardening of the substance by a DC electrical field.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichne daß die Gleichspannung mindestens 1 kV beträgt.4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the DC voltage is at least 1 kV.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch geke zeichnet, daß der Stoff aus einem pαlymeren Kunststoff, i besondere Polyorganosiloxan, PTFE, Polyester, Polypropyl kondensiertem Silikonharz und/oder Polymethylsiloxan, ins sondere Polydimethylsiloxan und/oder aus Parafinen und/o Mischungen dieser Komponenten besteht.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized geke characterized in that the substance from a pαlymeren plastic, i special polyorganosiloxane, PTFE, polyester, polypropyl-condensed silicone resin and / or polymethylsiloxane, in particular polydimethylsiloxane and / or paraffins and / or Mixtures of these components exist.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch geke zeichnet, daß die Reaktionspartner jeweils mit einer ande Oberfläche in Kontakt gebracht werden, von denen der St der einen Oberfläche entgegengesetzt zum Stoff der ande Oberfläche polarisiert erhärtet ist.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the reactants are each brought into contact with another surface, of which the St of one surface is hardened polarized opposite to the material of the other surface.
Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Verbrennungsprozesses Brennstoffen mit Sauerstoff enthaltenden Gasen", dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zumindest eine Oberfläche aufweist, die mit den Re tionspartnern oder zumindest einem der Reaktionspartner mittelbar vor der Verbrennung in Kontakt kommt/kommen, welche zumindest eine Oberfläche zumindest teilweise ei erhärteten Stoff (Material) trägt oder aus einem erhärte Stoff (Material) besteht, welcher Stoff vor oder währ seines Erhärtens elektrisch polarisierbar ist und dessen härtung auf der oder zu der Oberfläche oder dessen gemein me Erhärtung mit dem die Oberfläche aufweisenden Bauteil elektrisch polarisierten Zustand des Stoffes oder zumind unmittelbar nach einer elektrischen Polarisationsbehandl stattgefunden hat, oder welcher Stoff zumindest nach sei Erhärten durch Reibung oder dergleichen elektrostatisch a ladbar ist oder welcher Stoff elektrisch polarisierbar elektrostatisch aufladbar ist und im polarisierten Zust erhärtet oder zumindest unmittelbar vor seinem Erhär elektrisch polarisiert worden ist. Device for improving the combustion process of fuels with oxygen-containing gases " , characterized in that it has at least one surface which comes into contact with the re tion partners or at least one of the reaction partners indirectly before the combustion, which at least partially hardened at least one surface Substance (material) carries or consists of a hardened substance (material), which substance is electrically polarizable before or during its hardening and its hardening on or to the surface or its common hardening with the component having the surface electrically polarized state of the substance or at least immediately after an electrical polarization treatment, or which substance is at least electrostatically chargeable after hardening by friction or the like, or which substance is electrically polarizable, electrostatically chargeable and hardens in the polarized state t or at least has been electrically polarized immediately prior to its acquisition.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest eine Oberfläche nach einem Verfahren nach ei der Ansprüche 2 bis 6 hergestellt ist.8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one surface is made by a method according to egg of claims 2 to 6.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellen einer Vorrichtung nach Anspruch oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf die zumindest eine Oberfläche zumindest teilweise erhärtbarer Stoff (Material) aufgetragen oder daß die Ob fläche aus einem erhärtbaren Stoff (Material) gebildet w oder daß das ganze Bauteil aus einem erhärtbaren Stoff ( terial) hergestellt wird, welcher Stoff vor oder währ seines Erhärtens elektrisch polarisierbar ist, wobei die härtung des Stoffes auf der oder zu der Oberfläche oder Erhärtung des Bauteiles oder die gemeinsame Erhärtung Bauteiles mit dem erhärtbaren Stoff im elektrisch pola sierten Zustand des Stoffes oder zumindest unmittelbar n einer elektrischen Polarisationsbehandlung stattfindet, o welcher Stoff zumindest nach seinem Erhärten durch Reib oder dergleichen elektrostatisch aufladbar ist oder welc Stoff elektrisch polarisierbar und elektrostatisch auflad ist und im polarisierten Zustand erhärtet oder zumindest mittelbar vor seinem Erhärten elektrisch polarisiert wird.9. A method for producing a device according to claim or 8, characterized in that applied to the at least one surface at least partially hardenable substance (material) or that the surface is formed from a hardenable substance (material) w or that the entire component from one curable material (material) is produced, which substance is electrically polarizable before or during its hardening, the hardening of the substance on or to the surface or hardening of the component or the joint hardening component with the hardenable substance in the electrically polarized state of the substance or at least immediately after an electrical polarization treatment takes place, o which substance can be electrostatically charged at least after it has hardened by rubbing or the like, or which substance can be electrically polarized and electrostatically charged and hardened in the polarized state or at least indirectly electrically before being hardened p is polarized.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Verfahreπsschritte nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6 durc geführt werden. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that procedural steps according to one of claims 2 to 6 are performed durc.
EP88905805A 1988-07-06 1988-07-06 Process and device for improving the combustion process of fuels with oxygen containing gases and process for manufacturing said device Withdrawn EP0423111A1 (en)

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EP88110762A EP0349663A1 (en) 1988-07-06 1988-07-06 Method and device for improving the combustion process of fuels and gases oxygen containing, and method of manufacturing such a device
PCT/EP1988/000596 WO1990000675A1 (en) 1988-07-06 1988-07-06 Process and device for improving the combustion process of fuels with oxygen containing gases and process for manufacturing said device

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US5507267A (en) * 1989-12-07 1996-04-16 Stuer; Willy Process and apparatus for improved combustion of fuels with air

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GB1152957A (en) * 1967-04-24 1969-05-21 Cecil Arthur Creber Improvements in or relating to Internal-Combustion Engines
DE2002279A1 (en) * 1969-01-22 1970-07-30 Dow Chemical Co Internal combustion engine with significantly reduced emissions of hydrocarbons thanks to the inner coating of the cylinder head
JPS4921527A (en) * 1972-06-29 1974-02-26
JPS51142699A (en) * 1975-06-02 1976-12-08 Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd Process of a thermosetting resin electret
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JPS61283757A (en) * 1985-06-10 1986-12-13 Hideyori Takahashi Ion effect type engine in diesel-engine

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