EP0422088A1

EP0422088A1 - Anchor fastening, process and means for manufacture thereof

Info

Publication number: EP0422088A1
Application number: EP19890907741
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rudolf Dr.-Ing. Sell
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1988-06-30
Filing date: 1989-06-26
Publication date: 1991-04-17
Also published as: WO1990000230A1; EP0348545A1

Abstract

Fixations d'ancrage avec bâton rond (1) profilé doté de nervures obliques ou hélicoïdales, fixé dans un trou borgne à symétrie de rotation à l'aide d'un adhésif liquide et de matières solides et maintenu contre la paroi du trou (4) à la fois par assujettissement autobloquant d'éléments additionnels (3) et par liaison de forme, les surfaces obliques requises pour l'assujettissement étant agencées sur le bâton (1) ou sur la paroi du trou (4) ou à la fois sur la paroi du trou (4) et sur le bâton (1). Pour une fixation d'ancrage dans de la roche compacte ou dans du béton, la surface oblique requise pour l'assujettissement est agencée sur le bâton d'ancrage (1), dont le profil hélicoïdal (P) à proximité du fond du trou est doté de nervures très hautes, de manière à recevoir les éléments d'assujettissement (3) sphériques, qui sont comprimés contre la paroi du trou (4) par des moments de poussée et des moments angulaires selon la présente invention de telle façon que l'extrémité interne de la partie d'insertion est précontrainte. Le seuil de valeur maximale des moments angulaires permet d'installer les fixations (1) de manière commandée et empêche le mortier d'être pressé hors de la fente sous l'effet d'une rotation prolongée. Les moyens d'ancrage selon la présente invention comprennent un instrument de pose servant également d'instrument de perçage, le bâton d'ancrage (1), les éléments de liaison de forme (3) et le chargeur de mortier (10).Anchor fasteners with round rod (1) profiled with oblique or helical ribs, fixed in a blind hole with rotation symmetry using a liquid adhesive and solid materials and held against the wall of the hole (4) both by self-locking subjection of additional elements (3) and by form connection, the oblique surfaces required for securing being arranged on the stick (1) or on the wall of the hole (4) or both on the wall of the hole (4) and on the stick (1). For anchoring fixation in compacted rock or in concrete, the oblique surface required for securing is arranged on the anchoring stick (1), whose helical profile (P) near the bottom of the hole is provided with very high ribs, so as to receive the spherical securing elements (3), which are pressed against the wall of the hole (4) by thrust moments and angular moments according to the present invention in such a way that the internal end of the insertion part is prestressed. The maximum value of the angular moments threshold makes it possible to install the fasteners (1) in a controlled manner and prevents the mortar from being pressed out of the slot under the effect of a prolonged rotation. The anchoring means according to the present invention comprise a setting instrument also serving as a drilling instrument, the anchoring stick (1), the form connecting elements (3) and the mortar loader (10).

Description

Anchor fastening, method and means for their manufacture

The invention relates to an anchor fastening, in which a rod-shaped, profiled anchor in a blind hole in dense rock, concrete, steel or the like, is mixed with a mixture of liquid binders and solids, which is used for a determination, both by composite and leads mechanically in the area of the hole base by positive locking, as indicated in the characterizing part of the main claim. The invention also relates to methods and means for producing the anchor fastening.

From DE-PS 29 41 769 a method for setting an anchor bolt in boreholes, in particular in mineral concrete, is known which uses a hardenable mortar which is mixed when the anchor bolt is screwed in and thereby penetrates inside the bore by means of abrasive grains knife enlargement, announced. This hardenable mortar is initially separated by components in a tubular cartridge which is inserted into the borehole. The anchor bolt is driven into the borehole with a simultaneous rotation, the cartridge containing the mortar components being destroyed in the borehole. The emerging mass of reaction resin and hardener is mixed with one another by the rotary movement of the anchor rod, at the same time a rib running helically on the anchor rod ensures that the mortar components initially located deepest in the borehole gradually over the entire part of the anchor bolt, which is referred to as the plug-in part , is distributed.

The mortar contains filling aggregates, for example quartz sand, which, as so-called abrasive bodies, are intended to increase the diameter of the borehole. In the meantime, the grains with the preferred size of 1.5 to 1.8 mm given in the state of the art, when the helical ribs of the anchor bolt are oriented in the opposite direction to the rotary movement, are unable to convey from the interior of the borehole, as a result of which frictional heat occurs at the high rotational speed arises, triggers rapid hardening, but does not result in solid mortar being produced by further turning. In this way, there is no fixation at all by bonding in the interior of the borehole, where the abrasive grains are not even able to achieve a significant increase in diameter. The abrasive grains only reduce the surface roughness of the borehole wall, comparable to the effect of an abrasive paper of coarse grain, which adversely affects the bond.

In the known method for setting an anchor bolt according to P-29 41 769, the task of equipping the anchor bolt with the function of being a highly effective tool for creating a conical undercut of a cylindrical pilot hole is to serve for a highly resilient, form-fitting anchoring of the anchor bolt. with the teachings shown, not achieved insofar as there is no effective undercut in the short duration of a few minutes. In addition, it is not possible to drill holes in the concrete that are as accurate as the method specified. Small deviations in the cutting edge dimension of the stone drills, as they are generally customary, in addition to wear due to use, result in borehole tolerances which have a considerable influence on the setting of the anchor bolt. Bore diameters that are too small make it difficult to insert the anchor bolt in such a way that the described heating of the anchor bolt and destruction of the binding agent occur. In the event of tolerance deviations which necessitate an increase in relation to the nominal diameter, there is no undercut required in order to result in a heavy-duty, form-fitting anchoring in accordance with the task.

In general, the technology with helically profiled anchor rods using mortar cartridges, mortaring the annular gap by strikingly screwing in the anchor rod is associated with the risk that mortar will be conveyed out of the hole if it is turned for too long. This is a disadvantage of this technology in that the annular gap is only partially connected to the borehole wall. This is associated with a reduced load-bearing capacity, but also with the risk that water and agents are stored in the gap and that they can be destroyed, be it by corrosion or frost.

The invention has the Exer _r abe invention to provide an anchor mount with helical ribs profiled, in a rotation-symmetrical in the dense rock, concrete, steel parts or the like. Blind hole created comparable set round rod, the gap to the perforated wall, mortarized with a curable, liquid binder and solids, is bonded to the anchor base and is also fixed by positive locking, in such a way that if the bond fails as a result of fire or cracking, it is 0.4 mm Width-limited crack widths in the immediate area of the blind hole, to exclude the disadvantages of category-based anchor fastenings and their manufacturing processes and to achieve an optimum in load-bearing capacity and safety with a minimum of energy and time expenditure through controllability already when the combined definition by bond and form-fit is established.

The invention achieves these objects in the manner specified in the characterizing parts of the main and secondary claims. Solutions for special configurations of the subject matter of the invention are specified in subclaims.

The basis of the invention is to use suitable elements to design the boundary surfaces of the bodies to be fixed in such a way that a self-locking wedging can take place and thus a positive fit is achieved. This is achieved in the anchor fastening according to the invention by wedging additional elements in the gap between the perforated wall and the rod. The invention provides for the inclined surface required for self-locking wedging on the rod or on the perforated wall or both on the rod and on the perforated wall and to use the rod to mix the mixture of liquid binder and solids previously introduced into the blind hole by means of a cartridge to mix, distribute and compact, so that there is no heating that threatens the formation of strength and that the mortar is prevented from being conveyed out by turning it too long. It also provides for the mechanical wedging in relation to the perforated wall and the bracing of the plug-in part to the perforated base to be defined and controlled by a torque limitation when the anchor rod is set.

In the case of an anchor fastening in dense rock, concrete or the like, the inclined surface required for the wedging is formed on the rod in that the plug-in part has a coiled surface with an oblique inclination to the cylindrical hole wall, whereby additional elements in the gap are pressed point by point against the hole wall are so that they have sunk notching and are thus in positive engagement with the perforated wall, regardless of whether the Ausörtelung already, or has a bond to the perforated wall. The elements are pressed in that the gap between the rod and the perforated wall tapers in the circumferential direction in a wedge-shaped manner with small angles, and wedging takes place when the armature rotates without any translational movement. The reason for the self-locking wedging of the elements lies in the inventive design of the inclined surfaces. At the point in time when the elements are wedged, no further rotary movement can be carried out. The resulting constraint not only causes it to be fixed by wedging, but also deepens the elements in the perforated wall. At the same time, it also prevents the anchor rod from rotating further, so that the disadvantageous challenge of the hardenable mortar is prevented at the same time that the inner end of the plug-in part meets the base of the hole and the self-locking wedging has built up. At the same time, however, this is also a very important process step, since when a defined torque is applied, the mechanical fixing is checked automatically at the same time.

For the insertion of the elements, the invention provides that a method of mortaring is applied, in which the rod-shaped anchor is subjected to shock and angular momentum when it is driven into the blind hole filled with the mortar cartridge, which means that one should be aimed at with a rapid temporal sequence of the pulses , slow rotational movement occurs and the conveyance of the cartridge contents from the blind hole is primarily achieved by the shock impulses without generating high frictional heat. The pulses in the longitudinal and circumferential direction are generated with devices known per se, which have devices for continuously regulating the pulse frequency and intensity, as well as an adjustable maximum value limit. The preparation, mixing and distribution of the hardenable batch, which is introduced into the blind hole in the form of a mortar cartridge, is carried out with the aid of the rod-shaped anchor at a low peripheral speed.

When the anchor rod reaches the base of the hole, the impulses acting in the circumferential direction bring the elements which are screw-shaped in the profile valley into contact with the hole wall in accordance with the hole wall roughness and thus under pressure. The profile on the plug-in part is designed such that it is only able to accommodate the elements in the area near the base of the hole. The coercion of the elements results in the ^'anchor with its recess in the hole wall to mechanically down even before the grout has hardened. As soon as the set limit of the angular momentum is reached, the Turning movement to a complete standstill. The sources of incorrect assembly are thus reduced to a minimum, and security for a defined design is significantly increased.

The end of the plug-in part which stands up at the base of the hole is subject to a compressive prestress, because the elements, which are screwed into the profile valley of the plug-in part, have converted the angular momentum into a compressive prestress, such as a counter thread with self-locking.

Prerequisites for carrying out the method according to the invention are ^" a suitable setting tool, a specially designed anchor, elements for achieving the positive connection and a assembled container which contains the mixture of liquid binder and solids. Device, anchor rod, elements for achieving the positive connection and the assembled containers are means, both for the anchor attachment according to the invention and for the method according to the invention for producing the anchor attachment and thus also the subject of the request for protection.

For an anchor fastening in the form of a reinforcing steel rod profiled with oblique or helical ribs in the blind hole of a steel part or the like, the invention provides the inclined surface at the blind hole required for the self-locking wedging, in that the generatrix of the hole wall unites to the axis of rotational symmetry Includes angle, whereby the diameter of the hole at the bottom is larger than at the mouth and the self-locking wedging of additional elements, which are pressed against the hole wall by the profile ribs and result in a positive fit as a whole due to the hardened mortar and a slip-free, rigid Connection between anchor rod and hole wall is made.

The anchor fasteners according to the invention represent a combination of the fixing by means of a bond and the fixing by positive locking, where the positive locking by using the mechanically generated self-locking wedging of special elements, which are constrained between the inclined, to be fixed boundary surfaces. The combination of composite and positive locking achieved in the invention represents an optimization because the weakness of the composite in the event of fire, in particular when exposed to temperature above 150 degrees Celsius, when the polymeric binder becomes fouled, or when the composite is cracked -Bearing capacity drops from Positive locking is compensated; on the other hand, the weakness of the form fit when the load changes and the direction of the stress is reversed, a release of the self-locking and thus a loss of the form fit definition by the composite is prevented.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the examples shown in the drawings. It shows:

1: Partial view of the inner insert part end with a cut in the hole axis of the gap located in the cylindrical blind hole; 2: An example of a design of a rod-shaped anchor in an axial section with the special profiling Q, P to achieve a self-locking wedging of elements producing positive locking; Fig. 3: Rohrför iger container in section with the proportioned amounts of the components of the curable batch; Fig. 4: Example of an anchor fastening with a steel part shown in axial section, where the inclined surface required for the self-locking wedging is formed in the blind hole wall.

From the inner anchor tip shown in Fig. 1 with the profile P, the positive-locking elements 3 are shown as uniform balls on the profile flank AC in the position in which they are clamped against the cylindrical hole wall 4 under an expansion pressure. Their position during the insertion of the anchor in this position is shown in dashed lines by the elements 03. In this position, they do not yet touch the perforated wall, since it is in the Profiltal 2.

The principle of anchor attachment can be seen from the end position of the elements 3 shown. The result of the spherical shape of the elements 3 is that under the effect of the angular momentum applied to the anchor rod by the method according to the invention, the elements are deepened in the perforated wall and thus result in a positive fit to the anchor base. By filling the gap between the anchor rod and the perforated wall with the hardenable mortar, a flat bond is formed after the binder has hardened, which, if necessary, ensures plastic and or elastic resilience if a crack should spread through the anchor base, thus securing the positive connection remains. Under adverse conditions, a displacement of the anchor rod would result in an increase in the contact pressure of the elements on the perforated wall and cause an increase in the recess of the elements in the perforated wall.

The invention therefore also provides for the use of particularly suitable binders with a low modulus of elasticity and high elongation at break in order to obtain a mortar which is suitable for a moveable bond. In this respect, the mortar also differs from conventional, previously known polymer mortars which result in high strength and a rigid bond between the anchor rod and the perforated wall.

The invention also relates to an anchor for carrying out the method according to the invention. 2 shows an example of an embodiment of a rod-shaped anchor 1 in section. The illustration makes it clear that the connecting part 6 partly consists of a threaded profile 7 and a shaft 8, the plug-in 9 consists of a shaft 8, a profiling Q and a profiling P at the end of the plug-in part.

These profiles Q, P consist of a helical groove, starting from the cylindrical composite near the end face, with an essentially triangular cross-section. The unequal flanks CB and AC of this groove form an angle ACB between 80 and 100o to each other and are arranged so that the narrow flank CB to the inner end of the

Insert part has.

The slope of the flank AC in the circumferential direction plays an essential role in carrying out the method according to the invention. On the one hand, this slope must be kept so small that self-locking occurs to the elements, on the other hand, the pitch of the profile rib should be kept small in order to facilitate the conveying of the elements from the bottom of the hole. The invention therefore provides that the sum of the coefficient of friction of the elements on the profile flank and the tangent of the pitch angle of the flank AC in the circumferential direction is kept smaller than the angle of friction of the element 3 to the perforated wall 4. Under this condition the element 3 penetrates in the circumferential direction into the perforated wall 4, since it is then held on the perforated wall 4 and placed under a radial pressure. The force component occurring parallel to the armature axis is absorbed by friction. If these conditions were not met, the spherical element 3 would not be fixed on the perforated wall 4.

The design of the profile valley comes in particular at the end of the plug-in part Within the scope of the invention a special meaning. It must be trained there in such a way that it picks up the elements 3 during the angular and impact impulses, to a certain extent captures them in order to promote them in the valley of the profile. This can only be achieved if the speed of rotation is kept very low and precautions are taken to ensure that the annular gap is of the same thickness over the entire circumference. On the one hand, this is achieved by matching the size of the mortar to the gap thickness, and on the other hand, through a special design of the anchor tip. In addition, the number of elements 3 must be chosen so large that an element chain can form at least over one pitch of the armature.

For the design of the insert part with a profile of the same pitch but different profile height, there is a request for protection in a subclaim. The gradation of the profile in height causes the elements 3 to remain in a predetermined section with the profile P, which has a greater profile height than the profile Q. It is assumed that the maximum grain size of the aggregates in the batch is smaller than that Diameter of the elements 3 so that they can be embedded in the profile Q, center the anchor and fill the annular gap together with the other mortar components.

3 shows an example of the design of a tubular container for receiving proportionate amounts of the hardenable mixture for the mortar for filling the annular gap. The example shows a mortar cartridge 10 consisting of two nested glass cartridges 11, 12 which are held coaxially to one another by spacer rings 13. The inner cartridge 12 contains the liquid binder, component E and, if necessary, fine-grained additives. It is hermetically sealed by welding.

The outer cartridge takes up the elements 3 in the bottom part in the chamber 14. This chamber is delimited by the spacer ring 13 from the chamber 15. The chamber 15 is formed by the cylindrical jacket part between the two cartridges 11 and 12. The second component of the binder is stored in this chamber. In a preferred binder composition, fine-grained, hydraulically setting minerals are provided for this purpose, which set together with the liquid component E in chamber 12 in a period of 10 minutes. Of course, the contents of the chambers can be divided differently if necessary. It is also envisaged finally to use liquid binder components as shown in FIG. 3. The choice of binders on a hydraulic basis is particularly useful if one wants to achieve a high fire resistance of the anchor fastening.

Finally, in chamber 16 there is the additive for the mortar mixture, which if necessary can also be stored together with the solid binder in chamber 15, with which a separation into chamber 16 can then be omitted. The outer cartridge 11 is hermetically sealed by welding. The lower end of the outer cartridge 11, wherein the chamber is in ^"14 with the elements 3, is provided with a marking eighteenth The marking 18 marks that end of the cartridge, which is expected to be inserted into the bore, so that the elements 3 on Lochgrund 5 come to rest.

In a special embodiment of the cartridge 10, the inner cartridge 12 is filled with a reaction resin which, in the hardened state, has a rubber-elastic deformation behavior with a high elongation at break greater than 100% and a transverse elongation number close to 0.5. In the case of such a mortar matrix, the hardened mixture is distinguished by a pronounced, tough, composite displacement characteristic and an additional self-locking effect occurs through the mortar. The axis-parallel deformation in the binder matrix results in transverse deformations in the radial direction, which is hindered because of the high adhesive strength, as a result of which the resistance to displacement in the hole in the parallel direction increases considerably. The invention makes use of this by selecting suitable binders in particular when the anchor base is under tensile stress and cracks of small width, up to 0.4 mm, are to be assumed parallel to the anchor axis. The widening of the hole therefore does not result in failure of the anchor fastening, but only a slight yield until the elements in positive engagement have returned to their tensioned state.

An example of an anchor fastening according to the invention in a part made of metal, in which the inclined surface required for the wedging is formed on the perforated wall, is shown in FIG. 4. It is a tubular sleeve with an intermediate wall which, in longitudinal section, allows the coaxial blind holes to be recognized as left and right trapezoidal chambers. The left chamber as a rotationally symmetrical bag hole, the diameter of which widens towards the bottom of the borehole 5, is filled with a mortar cartridge 10 and the positive-locking elements 03 and shows the state before the anchor fastening was carried out.

In the right-hand chamber, a reinforcing steel 1 profiled with inclined ribs is shown, which is fixed against the perforated wall 4 by the positive-locking elements 3 which lie in the profile valley 2 and lie in the profile valley 2, in that the elements 3 solid bridges between the cylindrical round rod and produce inclined blind hole wall, which are fixed by the mortar in a rigid state and in their entirety create a positive connection to the steel part.

The conical tightening of the cylindrical outer sleeve wall makes it possible to connect the sleeve with a suitable adapter to a setting tool which transmits the shock and angular momentum according to the method to the sleeve. The tapering of the sleeve wall also brings about an equalization of the shear stress distribution of the bond stresses in the mortar.

When carrying out the setting method of the armature 1 according to the invention in a cylindrical blind hole, the spherical elements 3 are initially in the hole base 5 and must be picked up automatically by the armature tip. In order to achieve this, measures are required to prevent the anchor rod 1 from resting against the borehole wall 4. Therefore, the invention provides a specially designed anchor tip, consisting of a conical end face which merges into a short, cylindrical part to which the profile P adjoins.

When the anchor tip is driven into the mortar cartridge, its content is distributed in the gap, the anchor tip, namely the coarse grain, promotes against the borehole wall and centering is achieved in that the coarse grain can only be conveyed in the profile valleys. Thus, during the preparation of the cartridge contents into a mortar, the rod axis is largely centered on the bore axis.

When the armature tip hits the form-producing elements 3 located on the hole base 5, the cylindrical part of the armature tip now causes the elements to initially lie in a ring on the borehole wall 4, so that the tip assumes a coaxial position with respect to the hole axis. The spherical elements 3 now enter the profile valley 2 as a result of the rotational movement of the anchor rod and line up there helically.

As a result of the angular momentum, the spherical elements are conveyed out of the hole base until they cannot get any further due to the smaller dimensions of the groove of the profile Q. With the continued rotation of the anchor rod, they are now wedged against the hole wall, since the gap decreases in a wedge shape in the circumferential direction. The rotary movement is now largely hampered because sequentially the spherical form of the end-producing elements 3 self-locking in the hole ^'wall 4 become wedged. The rotary pulses applied in a short time sequence can only move the anchor rod about its longitudinal axis with a small change in the angle of rotation, to the extent that the elements 3 penetrate into the perforated wall 4.

Only occasionally will there be contact with the perforated wall 4 during the execution of the method in position 03, with the result that the rotation of the armature is subjected to an additional force component to the perforated base 5 when the element 03 is against the borehole wall rubs and is held at short notice. If the rod were to perform a translational movement out of the hole, this would prevent the elements 3 bearing against the hole wall 4 because the profile flank AC has an inclination to the hole wall, which is why the elements would wedge. This makes it understandable that a rotation of the armature 1 can only be carried out as long as the armature rod can move towards the base of the hole. As soon as he sits there there are no more translational movements, the wedging of the elements then occurring against the perforated wall under the pure rotary movement.

As soon as the plug-in part 9 stands up on the base 5 of the hole, there is an inhibition in the rotary movement. The elements 3 rubbing against the perforated wall come under pressure and hinder further movement. Due to the fact that the slope of the profile surface AC in the circumferential direction, which is kept small according to the invention, an angular momentum causes the elements to wedge gradually, whereby the pressure of the spherical elements 3 finally becomes so high that a notching recess takes place in the perforated wall.

At this point in time, the angular momentum only causes an angle change to the extent of the longitudinal axis of the armature as the elements 3 in the Deepen the perforated wall and an increase in the constraint occurs, as with the pinch roller effect, the further they are pushed out of the profile valley on the profile flange AC. The pitch angle of the profile flank AC, chosen very small according to the invention in the circumferential direction, results in self-locking and has the effect that the changes in the angle of rotation result in a very slow increase in the radial contact pressures.

If the torque on the anchor rod, as the invention it provides increased up to the specified limit, a the recess of the elements occurs with _^ in the hole wall a strain of the insertion hurrying also for down hole 5 out. The bracing of the plug-in part 9 in the longitudinal and radial directions characterizes the anchor fastening according to the invention insofar as loads can be transferred by positive locking of the anchor upon completion of the setting process, before the mortar has hardened.

The anchor fastening according to the invention thus also includes the possibility of carrying out the hardening of the mortar under pretension of the anchor 1 by applying a torque to the connecting part 6 and holding it against the anchor base until the mortar has formed its strength.

When the anchor tip hits the base of the hole, it is automatically prevented that mortar is conveyed out of the gap and thus eliminates a major disadvantage of conventional setting methods.

The special feature of the method according to the invention is that the level of the pressures in the punctiform contact surfaces of the elements 3 in the perforated wall 4 can be influenced both by the inclination of the profile flank AC and by the shape of the elements. The spherical shape according to the invention enables these elements 3 to adapt to a certain extent and to compensate for unevenness in the perforated wall. This means that the tolerances in diameter do not affect the form fit. The chain of elements, which extends helically over the full circumference of the plug-in part, is so flexible that it can adapt to any situation on the perforated wall. On the other hand, an element in the form of a ball has the highest structural strength, an important prerequisite for being able to form fit with the heterogeneously constructed concrete made of mineral aggregates of high strength. The special structural nature of the concrete allows a notching deepening into the perforated wall only if the digging elements are also extremely hard. The invention therefore provides for the elements 3 made of metals, in particular sintered metals, such as tungsten-cobalt alloys, which have a Mohs hardness of 10. Sintered minerals and ceramics also reach a hardness that makes them appear suitable for this use.

A notching indentation in the concrete with a minimum of energy is achieved if the energy is applied in the form of an impact. The method according to the invention therefore provides inelastic impacts in the circumferential direction, as a result of which the notching effect of the hard elements of high strength is increased.

The invention provides for the use of a device known per se which is capable of exerting forces on the armature in the longitudinal and circumferential directions at short time intervals. Such devices are usually pneumatically driven and can generate impulses by regulated compressed air loading both in the longitudinal direction and in the circumferential direction. Protection is requested for a device with an additional device for alternating angular momentum and a device for pneumatic drilling dust removal. But semi-pneumatically working electronically controllable electrically driven, mechanically pneumatically working Ge rates can also be used for this. The invention makes use of these machines, which are known per se, in order to use the plug-in part 9 to destroy the mortar cartridge 10 introduced into the hole on the basis of the marking 18 with the elements, to mix their contents and thereby to activate the binder. The helical profile Q, P on the plug-in part 9 acts analogously to an Archimedean scoop and conveys the mortar over the annular gap, with mixing and distribution taking place. Under the action of the longitudinal impact, the emptying of the hole filling is promoted, which is associated with a longitudinal movement of the armature into the hole.

The elements 3 are embedded in the hole base 5 and are taken up as the last medium by the end of the plug-in part, in that they arrange themselves in a ring along the hole wall when the armature rotates due to the cylindrical collar on the armature tip and automatically into the profile valley 2 through the longitudinal joint caused to be pushed. The cylindrical collar plays an important role in this so that the balls are pre-oriented, which facilitates the continuous threading into the helically rising profile valley 2. Therefore, the invention provides to choose the slope of the profile as small as possible but so large that the conditions of self-locking are met. According to the invention, premature wedging can be avoided even before the plug-in part ends up on the base of the hole by applying alternating angular momentum to the armature. In addition, sleepers or grooves formed on the groove outlet may make it easier to pick up the elements and are advantageous if necessary.

The introduction of the positive locking elements in the cylindrical blind hole can also be done in a different way than by means of the mortar cartridge. For example, the elements 3 can already be installed on the insert part before the anchor rod is inserted into the blind hole. A rubber-elastic piece of hose equipped with a collar holds the elements pre-assembled in the valley of the insert. When inserted into the blind hole, the collar lies against the edge of the hole and is stripped off when the insert part is rotated further, while the elements in the profile valley 2 are held by the cylindrical hole wall 4.

It is in the nature of things that during the setting of the motion vector of the elements (resultant from the motion components of the

Rotation v and the translation v must coincide with the slope of the profile ω t in order to keep the elements in the profile valley and to prevent that premature force occurs. Only when there is no longer any translation, as a rule, when the anchor tip sits on the bottom of the hole, • the elements emerge from the position in the profile valley and are spread out against the hole wall.

Other types of insertion than described, such as the insertion of a unit, for example in the form of a spiral with the slope of the profile P, which is introduced beforehand into the blind hole and holds the balls on the hole wall, are conceivable and possibly advantageous. A further advantageous embodiment of the elements in the form of an externally toothed, profile groove, the metal spiral similar to the known thread inserts such as heli-coil are useful and more efficient in particularly stored cases. When inserting the elements 3 by means of a cartridge, the invention provides for those parameters which determine the longitudinal movement component v to change during the setting, in that in the first phase of the mixing the impact energy (longitudinal pulses) is kept very small and mainly rotary pulses are applied . Only in the final phase, when the anchor tip has reached the elements and picks them up, does the energy of the impact impulses have to be increased in order to promote the picking up of the balls. The rotational movement must be reduced to such an extent that the balls are pushed into the valley and distributed over the circumference.

The device according to the invention for performing the method for form-fit fixing is provided with means for alternate rotation pulse ^¬ follow or a rotational pulse sequence in the pilgrim-step - that the time for receiving the elements substantially shorten - and egelung with a _R provided for the impact energy, which enables the impact impulses to be reduced to zero if only angular impulses are required in the last setting phase. For wedging the elements in the end position, the device only applies angular momentum which has been determined by the preselected limit value setting.

The device according to the invention for setting the anchors is also distinguished in connection with specially shaped drills as an excellent, high-performance drilling tool, because when using the drive air to remove drill cuttings and collect cuttings in their own containers, not only improvements in work hygiene are achieved, but rather a min change in the energy losses during the removal of the material in the borehole, and the rotary impact impulse proves to be superior and more powerful than the usual impact of rotary hammers with a temporally offset rotary movement. The device is not required in addition to the drilling tool, but a useful and advantageous more powerful replacement. The device according to the invention thereby contributes very significantly to the economy of the production of boreholes and anchor fastenings in rock and concrete, because the device is superior to conventional rotary hammers in terms of durability, robustness, performance, lower weight, easier handling and lower acquisition costs.

When introducing the form-locking elements 3 with the aid of the anchor rod 1, the elements narrow the already small gap to the perforated wall 4 because, despite their position in the valley of the profile, they protrude. This makes the mixing of the mortar and its distribution in the gap more difficult, especially since the entire content of the mortar cartridges must be conveyed past the above elements. This requires a very fine-grained, built-up mortar with a soft consistency.

In order to counteract a premature insertion of the elements prior to reaching the bottom of the hole, the invention also provides for a rotational application counter to the orientation of the profile, as a result of which the elements can be held in the profile valley. Only when the setting depth is reached must the direction of the angular momentum be reversed so that the elements wedge.

A turning action directed against the profile rib course is also necessary for those anchors whose profile slope is steep, such as with profiled reinforcing steel.

The invention is characterized in that the anchor fastening in a gap-minimized borehole, using prefabricated mortar cartridges, a fixing of the anchor not only by bond, but also in the bottom of the borehole is carried out mechanically by positive locking with simple means according to a particularly economical method. With a minimal expenditure of material and energy, the anchor fastening according to the invention is a rational solution for eliminating existing shortcomings and disadvantages of known methods. It is eliminated by the use of known devices which offer the possibility of executing impact and angular momentum at the same time with adjustable frequency and intensity , ei Possibility to insert the anchor rod at a low rotational speed in the hole so that there is no heating of the liquid mortar components.

The pneumatically actuated angular momentum devices are characterized by the fact that they significantly reduce the risk of accidents when using the devices because the reaction forces generated by the angular momentum are considerably lower than with a conventional mechanical drilling tool, which entails high torque when the drill bit catches in the borehole on the operator.

In addition, the device enables a defined and controlled fixing by positive locking, because it limits the maximum applicable Possesses angular momentum. On the other hand, it eliminates existing disadvantages of known methods in that the defined setting technique avoids mixing and conveying the mortar out of the annular gap for too long. When the defined positive connection is reached, the rotary movement is ended and prevents errors from occurring when setting. In this respect, the specified method also makes a significant contribution to increasing assembly security.

All in all, the anchor fastening according to the invention is more advanced, more economical and safer than the known mortared anchor. The additional elements do not require any significant additional costs compared to improving and increasing security. The process, like the means for carrying out the process, represents real progress in the further development of known technologies.

List of symbols

1 rod-shaped anchor

2 Profiltal

3 Wedging and positive locking incoming element in the end position after completion of the setting process

03 Element 3 in the starting position before wedging and producing the positive connection

4 perforated wall

5 hole base

6 connecting part

7 Thread profile of the connecting part

8 smooth shaft

9 plug-in part

Q, P profiles of the insert part of the same pitch

Q Profile with a small rib height

P Profile with a large rib height

A B C corner points of the profile rib cross-section

10 mortar cartridge

11 Container wall of the outer cartridge

12 Inner cartridge container wall

13 spacer rings for division into a 3-chamber container

14 Lower chamber with elements 3

15 Middle chamber for component E

16 Upper chamber for mortar aggregate

17 Coarse fraction mortar aggregate

18 Identification of the cartridge part in which the wedging elements are located

D the "one" binder component E the "other" binder component

Claims

P a t e n t a n s r u c h e

Anchor fastening, with a round rod profiled with oblique or helical ribs, set in a rotationally symmetrical blind hole created in dense rock, concrete, parts made of metal or the like. The space between the holes and the hole wall is mortarized with a hardenable liquid binder and solids by positive locking and by means of Ver¬ set is characterized in that the positive connection is produced by self-locking wedging of additional elements (3) by the inclined surface required for wedging on the rod, or on the perforated wall, or both on the perforated wall and on the rod , and the end of the plug-in part is braced against the hole base, the bracing is secured by the hardened mortar.

Anchor fastening, with a round bar profiled with oblique or helical ribs, set in a rotationally symmetrical blind hole made in dense rock, concrete or the like, the space between which is mortarized with a hardenable, liquid binder and solids by means of positive locking and fixed by means of a composite is characterized, characterized in that the positive connection is produced by self-locking wedging of additional elements (3) by the inclined surface required for the wedging being formed on the rod in such a way that a coiled surface on the insert (9) (AC) is arranged, the generatrix of which has an inclination to the rod axis, which at the inner end assumes a larger angle to the rod axis than the profile (Q) arranged in the central region of the plug-in part, whereby the rib height of the profile (P ) larger than that of the profile (Q), that the larger rib height si ch extends at least over one pitch of the screw line that the additional elements fit into the profile with the large rib height due to their dimensions and as uniform balls or as an externally toothed profile-forming spiral or the like in the cylindrical hole wall as a result of the Ver¬ wedging are recessed, the end of the insert is braced against the base of the hole, and the bracing is secured by the hardened, if necessary ductile mortar, which enters into a tough, displaceable bond. 3. Anchor attachment with a profiled with oblique or helical ribs, in a rotationally symmetrical blind hole made of metal parts, the gap between the hole wall with a hardenable, liquid binder and solids mortarized by for circuit and fixed is characterized by the fact that the inclined surface required for the self-locking wedging is formed on the blind hole in that the generatrix of the hole wall surface encloses an angle to the hole axis, as a result of which the diameter of the blind hole at the hole base is larger than at the hole mouth, that the positive locking by self-locking wedging of additional elements (3 ) is produced in such a way that the elements challenged from the borehole bottom are pressed by the profile rib against the hole wall and point by point form a solid body bridge between the perforated wall and an essentially cylindrical round rod, that as a result of this fixed member body bridges there is a definition of the round bar to the full extent with respect to the perforated wall, which results in a positive fit as a whole through the complete filling of the conical gap between the rod and the perforated wall and the hardening of the binder and, moreover, a connection between the anchor rod and the perforated wall is produced.

4. A method for the form-fitting fixing and mortarization of a rod-shaped anchor in a rotationally symmetrical blind hole into which a mixture of a curable, liquid binder and solids is introduced by means of a cartridge, which mixes, activates and activates when the screw-shaped, profiled insertion part of the anchor is screwed in is distributed by using the plug-in part for mixing and distributing the mortar, characterized in that

- That the positive locking incoming elements (3) are optionally inserted into the blind hole with the cartridge, the anchor rod or the like.

- When the cartridge is inserted, the cartridge is inserted in such a way that the elements reach the hole in advance and are located in the hole base (5),

- That the rod-shaped anchor (1) in the blind hole or fixed anchor the attachment with shock and angular momentum and the cartridge is destroyed, its content is distributed in the gap to the hole wall and the anchor experiences a coaxial position to the hole axis in that the grit the aggregates create an equally thick distance from the perforated wall, - That elements of the profile flanks (AC) of the profile (P) at the inner end of the plug-in part are pressed against the perforated wall (4) when the plug-in part (9) stands on the base of the hole and the elements of the profile (Q) with a small rib height are not included and become constrained when the angular momentum continues and are deepened in the perforated wall,

- That the elements distributed on the circumference experience a positive connection, so that the anchor is already fixed before the formation of the optionally movable composite.

5. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 4, characterized in that the shock and angular momentum generated pneumatically in a short time sequence are simultaneously effective and with control devices for an infinitely variable pulse frequency, pulse intensity, regulator for direction of rotation and alternating direction of rotation and with a switch for the application of shock is equipped such that the opposite angular momentum possibly results from the restoring force of a spring element without a simultaneous shock pulse.

Rod-shaped anchor for an anchor fastening according to claim 2 and for carrying out the method according to claim 5, consisting of a connecting part at the end protruding from the anchoring base and an insert part having surface profiling, that is, a c h e e c e n e z e i c h n e t,

- That the connecting part consists partly of a threaded piece (7) and if necessary also of a shaft (8),

- That the plug-in part (9) is equipped with a profile (Q) of small rib height and a profile (P) of large rib height arranged at the inner end of the plug-in part,

that the profile rib optionally ends in a short cylindrical collar, the height of which corresponds to the diameter of the elements (3) or ends in a rounded cone tip of around 90,

- that the profiles (Q, P) consist of a helical, triangular cross-section rib of the same pitch and the profile (P) extends at least over one pitch, but not more than three pitches,

- that the flanks (BC) and (CA) of the rib have an angle (BCA) of between .80 and 100, - That the narrow flank (BC) faces the inner end of the insert part,

- That the angle (CAB) in the profile (P) is matched to the positive-locking elements (3) in such a way that the conditions of self-locking are met, namely that the sum of the coefficient of friction of the elements on the Flank and the tangent from the slope angle of the flank (AC) in the circumferential direction is smaller than the friction angle of the element on the perforated wall (4).

7. positive locking incoming elements for self-locking wedging of the anchor in an anchor attachment according to claims 1, 2 and 3 .d Characterized in that the elements in the form of uniform, spherical shape from molten or sintered material of metallic or mineral, in particular ceramic, be¬ be¬ .

8. Tubular container for holding proportionate amounts of the curable mixture of liquid, multicomponent binder and solids for the production of an anchor fastening according to one of claims 1 to 3 and for carrying out the method according to one of claims 4 or 5 optionally in conjunction with Anchor according to claim 6 with at least two hermetically sealed chambers for the binder components and the solids contained in the one or more chambers, characterized in that the container consists of nested transparent glass cartridges (11, 12) which are separated by spacer rings (13 ) create a coaxial position of the inner cartridge (12) filled with component (D) to the outer, so that the outer cartridge (11) in three chambers (14, 15, 16)

. is divided, optionally with the elements (3), according to claim 7, filled chamber (14) marked on the outside by the marking (18) on the bottom, the chamber (15) filled with component (E) in the middle and the chamber (16) filled with coarse aggregate (17) at the top.

9. Curable mixture for anchor fastenings according to claim 2, characterized in that the binder consists of a polymer combination which forms a tough composite displacement characteristic of the mixture in the cured state, characterized in that the hardened binder is elastically deformable and a transverse expansion factor of 0, 47 to 0.50, and is characterized by a high elongation at break of more than 100%. 10. A curable mixture for anchor fastenings according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the binder component (D) consists of prepared hydraulically setting clinker minerals, component (E) consists of a polymer emulsion and the mortar in the hardened state has a pronounced visco-elastic Verformungs¬ ability owns.