EP0415038B1 - Tubewall for a heatreactionroom - Google Patents

Tubewall for a heatreactionroom Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0415038B1
EP0415038B1 EP90113137A EP90113137A EP0415038B1 EP 0415038 B1 EP0415038 B1 EP 0415038B1 EP 90113137 A EP90113137 A EP 90113137A EP 90113137 A EP90113137 A EP 90113137A EP 0415038 B1 EP0415038 B1 EP 0415038B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe wall
heat
subjected
pipes
wall according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90113137A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0415038A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Christoph Dr. Pohl
Klaus Köhnen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krupp Koppers GmbH
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Krupp Koppers GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krupp Koppers GmbH filed Critical Krupp Koppers GmbH
Publication of EP0415038A1 publication Critical patent/EP0415038A1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/14—Supports for linings
    • F27D1/141—Anchors therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0018—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes
    • F27D2009/0021—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes with the parallel tube parts close to each other, e.g. a serpentine
    • F27D2009/0024—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes with the parallel tube parts close to each other, e.g. a serpentine with contiguous tubes, which may be separately welded one to the other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0051—Cooling of furnaces comprising use of studs to transfer heat or retain the liner

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tube wall formed from juxtaposed tubes with a circular tube opening for hot reaction rooms, which is provided on the heat-exposed side with a temperature-resistant ceramic lining carried by metallic holding elements.
  • hot reaction rooms such as combustion rooms or reaction rooms of coal gasifiers
  • the tube walls of the hot reaction space are usually provided with pins which are applied by means of the arc welding process.
  • a maximum pen density of around 3000 pens per m2 can be achieved.
  • Experiences in the pinning of such pipe walls are reported, for example, in the journal “Welding and Cutting", Volume 20 (1968), pages 465-471.
  • a heat exchange plate for shaft furnace walls is known, which is arranged between the refractory furnace lining to be cooled and the furnace lining to be protected.
  • the inside of this plate which is designed as a cast steel construction, is designed as a cavity which is divided into channels by partitions in such a way that a stream of heat transfer fluid can flow vertically through the cavity in sinusoidal motion.
  • This embodiment does not correspond to a tube wall of the type mentioned.
  • the durability of the ceramic lining is of crucial importance for the economy of the hot reaction room and thus the entire system. This in turn essentially depends on the cooling effect exerted on the ceramic lining by the tube wall through which the coolant flows.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing the tube wall for a hot reaction space of the generic type in such a way that more intensive cooling of the ceramic lining and thus a longer durability is achieved than is the case with known tube walls.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the heat dissipation, that is to say the cooling effect, the more effective the greater the ratio of the heat-dissipating surface to the heat-absorbing surface.
  • the invention proposes that the heat-applied side of the tube wall has a substantially flat surface.
  • the heat-treated flat side of the pipe wall i.e. the heat-absorbing surface is naturally considerably smaller than the heat-exposed side of known tube walls, in which this surface is formed by the curvatures of the tubes arranged next to one another, circular cross sections.
  • the specific heat dissipation is also more intensive, and the service life of the ceramic lining applied to the tube wall increases.
  • the design of the pipe wall according to the invention can be different. It is thus possible to design the individual tubes of the tube wall that are welded to one another as shaped tubes with a surface that is flat toward the heat-affected side.
  • the individual tubes of the tube wall from normal tubes of circular cross-section, the adjoining surfaces of which are leveled by appropriate processing, the flat, heat-treated side of the tube wall being formed by the existing recesses between the individual tubes filling welding layers.
  • Pins can be welded onto the flat, heat-treated side of the tube wall in a known manner as metallic holding elements for the ceramic lining.
  • ribs can also be provided as holding elements on the flat side. These ribs can also be provided with humps and / or recesses for better adhesion of the ceramic lining. The adhesion is further improved if the ribs on the side facing away from the tube wall are cut open and bent out.
  • the invention also proposes that the fins on the welding side be provided with a welded overlay which has the same material as the pipes of the pipe wall.
  • the invention is illustrated in the drawing, for example. 1 and 2 show two different embodiments of the tube wall according to the invention.
  • Ribs 3 made of humped sheet metal for holding the ceramic lining (not shown) are welded onto this flat, heat-treated side and are also provided with the above-mentioned recesses 4. With 5, the build-up welding, which has also already been mentioned, is indicated.
  • the embodiment of the tube wall according to the invention according to FIG. 2 is composed of normal tubes 6 of circular cross section, the adjoining surfaces 7 of which are leveled by appropriate processing, in particular by milling. This reduces the cross section of the depressions between the tubes, which are filled by welding layers indicated by 8. This also creates a flat, heat-treated surface of the pipe wall.
  • pins 9 which serve to hold the ceramic lining, also not shown here.
  • the ribs 10 in the left part of FIG. 2 again serve the same purpose. These can, as also shown in FIG. 1, be provided with recesses 11. However, as indicated at 12, they can also be cut open and bent out.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine aus nebeneinander angeordneten Rohren mit kreisrunder Rohröffnung gebildete Rohrwand für Heißreaktionsräume, die auf der wärmebeaufschlagten Seite mit einer von metallischen Halteelementen getragenen temperaturbeständigen keramischen Auskleidung versehen ist.The invention relates to a tube wall formed from juxtaposed tubes with a circular tube opening for hot reaction rooms, which is provided on the heat-exposed side with a temperature-resistant ceramic lining carried by metallic holding elements.

In Heißreaktionsräumen, wie zum Beispiel Feuerungsräumen oder Reaktionsräumen von Kohlevergasern, herrschen hohe Temperaturen, die für den Ablauf der gewünschten Reaktionen und/oder für einen flüssigen Schlackeabzug erfordelrich sind. Hierbei ist es in der Regel notwendig, die Rohrwände der Heißreaktionsräume mit einer entsprechend temperaturbeständigen keramischen Auskleidung zu versehen.In hot reaction rooms, such as combustion rooms or reaction rooms of coal gasifiers, there are high temperatures which are necessary for the desired reactions and / or for a liquid slag removal to take place. It is usually necessary to provide the tube walls of the hot reaction rooms with a suitably temperature-resistant ceramic lining.

Zum Halten und Kühlen der keramischen Auskleidung werden die Rohrwände des Heißreaktionsraumes üblicherweise mit Stiften versehen, die mittels des Lichtbogenschweißverfahrens aufgebracht werden. Hierbei kann eine maximale Stiftdichte von etwa 3000 Stiften pro m² erreicht werden. Über Erfahrungen bei der Bestiftung derartiger Rohrwände wird beispielsweise in der Zeitschrift "Schweißen und Schneiden", Jahrgang 20 (1968), Seite 465 - 471 berichtet.To hold and cool the ceramic lining, the tube walls of the hot reaction space are usually provided with pins which are applied by means of the arc welding process. A maximum pen density of around 3000 pens per m² can be achieved. Experiences in the pinning of such pipe walls are reported, for example, in the journal "Welding and Cutting", Volume 20 (1968), pages 465-471.

Aus der DE-A-27 38 879 ist eine Wärmeaustauschplatte für Schachtofenwände bekannt, die zwischen der zu kühlenden feuerfesten Ofenauskleidung und der zu schützenden Ofenverkleidung angeordnet ist. Das Innere dieser als Gußstahlkonstruktion ausgebildeten Platte ist dabei als Hohlraum ausgebildet, der durch Trennwände in der Weise in Kanäle aufgeteilt ist, daß ein Wärmeträgerstrom den Hohlraum in sinusförmiger Bewegung senkrecht durchfließen kann. Diese Ausführungsform entspricht nicht der einer Rohrwand der eingangs genannten Art.From DE-A-27 38 879 a heat exchange plate for shaft furnace walls is known, which is arranged between the refractory furnace lining to be cooled and the furnace lining to be protected. The inside of this plate, which is designed as a cast steel construction, is designed as a cavity which is divided into channels by partitions in such a way that a stream of heat transfer fluid can flow vertically through the cavity in sinusoidal motion. This embodiment does not correspond to a tube wall of the type mentioned.

Für die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Heißreaktionsraumes und damit der Gesamtanlage ist die Haltbarkeitsdauer der keramischen Auskleidung von entscheidender Bedeutung. Diese wiederum hängt im wesentlichen von der Kühlwirkung ab, die von der kühlmitteldurchströmten Rohrwand auf die keramische Auskleidung ausgeübt wird.The durability of the ceramic lining is of crucial importance for the economy of the hot reaction room and thus the entire system. This in turn essentially depends on the cooling effect exerted on the ceramic lining by the tube wall through which the coolant flows.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Rohrwand für einen Heißreaktionsraum der gattungsgemäßen Art so auszubilden, daß eine intensivere Kühlung der keramischen Auskleidung und damit eine längere Haltbarkeit erzielt wird, als dies bei bekannten Rohrwänden der Fall ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing the tube wall for a hot reaction space of the generic type in such a way that more intensive cooling of the ceramic lining and thus a longer durability is achieved than is the case with known tube walls.

Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, daß die Wärmeabfuhr, die Kühlwirkung also, umso wirkungsvoller ist, je größer das Verhältnis von wärmeabführender Fläche zu wärmeaufnehmender Fläche ist.The invention is based on the knowledge that the heat dissipation, that is to say the cooling effect, the more effective the greater the ratio of the heat-dissipating surface to the heat-absorbing surface.

Unter Beachtung dieser Erkenntnis schlägt die Erfindung vor, daß die wärmebeaufschlagte Seite der Rohrwand eine im wesentlichen ebene Fläche aufweist. Die wärmebeaufschlagte ebene Seite der Rohrwand, d.h. die wärmeaufnehmende Fläche, ist naturgemäß erheblich kleiner als die wärmebeaufschlagte Seite bekannter Rohrwände, bei denen diese Fläche durch die Krümmungen der nebeneinander angeordneten Rohre kreisrunden Querschnitte gebildet wird. Das aber bedeutet, daß das Verhältnis von wärmeabführender zu wärmeaufnehmender Fläche bei der erfindungsgemäßen Rohrwand vergleichsweise groß ist. Demzufolge ist auch die spezifische Wärmeabfuhr intensiver,und die Standzeit der auf die Rohrwand aufgebrachten keramischen Auskleidung erhöht sich.Taking this knowledge into account, the invention proposes that the heat-applied side of the tube wall has a substantially flat surface. The heat-treated flat side of the pipe wall, i.e. the heat-absorbing surface is naturally considerably smaller than the heat-exposed side of known tube walls, in which this surface is formed by the curvatures of the tubes arranged next to one another, circular cross sections. However, this means that the ratio of heat-dissipating to heat-absorbing area in the pipe wall according to the invention is comparatively large. As a result, the specific heat dissipation is also more intensive, and the service life of the ceramic lining applied to the tube wall increases.

Die Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Rohrwand kann unterschiedlich sein. So ist es möglich, die einzelnen miteinander verschweißten Rohre der Rohrwand als Formrohre mit zur wärmebeaufschlagten Seite hin ebener Oberfläche auszubilden.The design of the pipe wall according to the invention can be different. It is thus possible to design the individual tubes of the tube wall that are welded to one another as shaped tubes with a surface that is flat toward the heat-affected side.

Es ist weiter möglich, die einzelnen Rohre der Rohrwand aus Normalrohren kreisrunden Querschnittes zu bilden, deren aneinanderliegende Flächen durch entsprechende Bearbeitung geebnet sind, wobei die ebene wärmebeaufschlagte Seite der Rohrwand durch die vorhandenen Vertiefungen zwischen den einzelnen Rohren ausfüllende Schweißlagen gebildet ist.It is also possible to form the individual tubes of the tube wall from normal tubes of circular cross-section, the adjoining surfaces of which are leveled by appropriate processing, the flat, heat-treated side of the tube wall being formed by the existing recesses between the individual tubes filling welding layers.

Auf der ebenen wärmebeaufschlagten Seite der Rohrwand können in bekannter Weise Stifte als metallische Halteelemente für die keramische Auskleidung aufgeschweißt sein. Gemäß einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung können auf der ebenen Seite aber auch Rippen als Halteelemente vorgesehen sein. Diese Rippen können zwecks besserer Haftung der keramischen Auskleidung noch mit Buckeln und/oder Ausnehmungen versehen sein. Die Haftung wird noch verbessert, wenn die Rippen auf der von der Rohrwand abgewandten Seite aufgeschnitten und ausgebogen sind. Um eine dauerhafte Befestigung der Rippen an der Rohrwand zu sichern, schlägt die Erfindung schließlich noch vor, daß die Rippen an der Verschweißungsseite mit einer Auftragsschweißung versehen sind, die den gleichen Werkstoff wie die Rohre der Rohrwand aufweist.Pins can be welded onto the flat, heat-treated side of the tube wall in a known manner as metallic holding elements for the ceramic lining. According to a further proposal of the invention, ribs can also be provided as holding elements on the flat side. These ribs can also be provided with humps and / or recesses for better adhesion of the ceramic lining. The adhesion is further improved if the ribs on the side facing away from the tube wall are cut open and bent out. Finally, in order to ensure permanent fastening of the fins to the pipe wall, the invention also proposes that the fins on the welding side be provided with a welded overlay which has the same material as the pipes of the pipe wall.

Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung beispielsweise veranschaulicht. Dabei zeigen Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 zwei verschiedene Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Rohrwand.The invention is illustrated in the drawing, for example. 1 and 2 show two different embodiments of the tube wall according to the invention.

Die Rohrwand gemäß Fig. 1 ist zusammengesetzt aus Formrohren 1 mit ebener Fläche 2. Diese ebenen Flächen der miteinander gasdicht verschweißten Formrohre bilden die erfindungsgemäße ebene wärmebeaufschlagte Seite der Rohrwand. Auf diese ebene wärmebeaufschlagte Seite sind Rippen 3 aus Buckelblech zum Halten der nicht dargestellten keramischen Auskleidung aufgeschweißt, die noch mit den oben erwähnten Ausnehmungen 4 versehen sind. Mit 5 ist die ebenfalls bereits angesprochene Auftragsschweißung angedeutet.1 is composed of molded tubes 1 with a flat surface 2. These flat surfaces of the molded tubes welded together in a gastight manner form the flat heat-treated side of the tube wall according to the invention. Ribs 3 made of humped sheet metal for holding the ceramic lining (not shown) are welded onto this flat, heat-treated side and are also provided with the above-mentioned recesses 4. With 5, the build-up welding, which has also already been mentioned, is indicated.

Die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Rohrwand gemäß Fig. 2 ist zusammengesetzt aus normalen Rohren 6 kreisrunden Querschnittes, deren aneinanderliegende Flächen 7 durch entsprechende Bearbeitung, insbesondere durch Fräsen, geebnet sind. Dadurch verringert sich der Querschnitt der Vertiefungen zwischen den Rohren, die durch mit 8 angedeutete Schweißlagen ausgefüllt sind. Damit ist auch hier eine ebene wärmebeaufschlagte Oberfläche der Rohrwand geschaffen.The embodiment of the tube wall according to the invention according to FIG. 2 is composed of normal tubes 6 of circular cross section, the adjoining surfaces 7 of which are leveled by appropriate processing, in particular by milling. This reduces the cross section of the depressions between the tubes, which are filled by welding layers indicated by 8. This also creates a flat, heat-treated surface of the pipe wall.

Im rechten Teil der Fig. 2 sind Stifte 9 dargestellt, die zum Halten der hier ebenfalls nicht eingezeichneten keramischen Auskleidung dienen. Dem gleichen Zweck dienen wiederum die Rippen 10 im linken Teil der Fig. 2. Diese können, wie auch in Fig. 1 dargestellt, mit Ausnehmungen 11 versehen sein. Sie können aber auch, wie bei 12 angedeutet, aufgeschnitten und ausgebogen sein.In the right part of Fig. 2 pins 9 are shown, which serve to hold the ceramic lining, also not shown here. The ribs 10 in the left part of FIG. 2 again serve the same purpose. These can, as also shown in FIG. 1, be provided with recesses 11. However, as indicated at 12, they can also be cut open and bent out.

Claims (8)

  1. Pipe wall, formed from pipes arranged alongside one another and having a circular orifice, for hot reaction chambers, which is provided, on the side subjected to heat, with a temperature-resistant ceramic lining supported by metallic holding elements, characterized in that the pipe wall side subjected to heat has an essentially flat surface.
  2. Pipe wall according to Claim 1, characterized in that the individual pipes, welded to one another, of the pipe wall are made as formed pipes (1) having a flat surface (2) towards the side subjected to heat.
  3. Pipe wall according to Claim 1, characterized in that the individual pipes, welded to one another, of the pipe wall are made of standard pipes (6) of circular cross-section, whose mutually adjoining surfaces (7) have been flattened by appropriate machining, the flat side of the pipe wall, subjected to heat, being formed by weld layers (8) which fill the depressions existing between the individual pipes.
  4. Pipe wall according to one of Claims 1 - 3, characterized in that pins (9) are welded to the flat pipe wall side (9), subjected to heat, as metallic holding elements for the ceramic lining.
  5. Pipe wall according to one of Claims 1 - 3, characterized in that fins (3, 10) are welded to the flat pipe wall side, subjected to heat, as metallic holding elements for the ceramic lining.
  6. Pipe wall according to Claim 5, characterized in that the fins (3, 10) are provided with buckles and/or recesses (4, 11).
  7. Pipe wall according to Claim 5, characterized in that the fins (10) are cut open and bent out on the side facing away from the pipe wall.
  8. Pipe wall according to Claim 5, characterized in that the fins (3, 10) are provided on the welding side with a facing weld of the same material as that of the pipes (1, 6) of the pipe wall.
EP90113137A 1989-08-28 1990-07-10 Tubewall for a heatreactionroom Expired - Lifetime EP0415038B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3928371A DE3928371A1 (en) 1989-08-28 1989-08-28 PIPE WALL FOR HOT REACTION ROOMS
DE3928371 1989-08-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0415038A1 EP0415038A1 (en) 1991-03-06
EP0415038B1 true EP0415038B1 (en) 1994-06-22

Family

ID=6388018

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90113137A Expired - Lifetime EP0415038B1 (en) 1989-08-28 1990-07-10 Tubewall for a heatreactionroom

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5058534A (en)
EP (1) EP0415038B1 (en)
DD (1) DD297505A5 (en)
DE (2) DE3928371A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0415038T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2056309T3 (en)
ZA (1) ZA905421B (en)

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DE4238369C2 (en) * 1992-11-13 1996-09-26 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Component made of a metallic base substrate with a ceramic coating
AUPM393094A0 (en) * 1994-02-16 1994-03-10 University Of Melbourne, The Internal refractory cooler
DE9415517U1 (en) * 1994-09-24 1994-12-15 Evt Energie- Und Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh, 70329 Stuttgart Pipe wall
SE9504444D0 (en) * 1995-12-12 1995-12-12 Essge Systemteknik Ab Panel
DE19821587A1 (en) * 1998-05-14 1999-11-18 Krc Umwelttechnik Gmbh Membrane-walled panels for a pressurized diffusion separation chamber
US6321691B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2001-11-27 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Oxidation resistant low alloy attachments for boiler components
LU90381B1 (en) * 1999-04-01 2000-10-02 Wurth Paul Sa Cooled shaft furnace wall
US6346807B1 (en) * 1999-10-22 2002-02-12 Bently Nevada Corporation Digital eddy current proximity system: apparatus and method
DE102008047784A1 (en) * 2008-07-02 2010-01-07 Hitachi Power Europe Gmbh Membrane wall of a large steam generator
DE102012013494A1 (en) * 2012-07-09 2014-01-09 Kme Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg Cooling element for a melting furnace

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US1732514A (en) * 1926-12-16 1929-10-22 Int Comb Eng Corp Furnace water wall and wall element
US2053127A (en) * 1934-08-30 1936-09-01 Gen Electric Method of manufacturing a heating element
US2179638A (en) * 1935-06-07 1939-11-14 Koppers Co Inc Gas producer
US2239662A (en) * 1935-06-23 1941-04-22 Babcock & Wilcox Co Furnace
GB493444A (en) * 1936-06-04 1938-10-03 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to tubes for heating and circulating water or other fluid
US2236186A (en) * 1937-02-20 1941-03-25 Jr Thomas E Murray Heat exchanger
US2149008A (en) * 1937-09-15 1939-02-28 Comb Eng Co Inc Tube with metallic block and method of attaching latter
US2267027A (en) * 1938-02-08 1941-12-23 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fluid heat exchange apparatus
GB545155A (en) * 1940-04-18 1942-05-13 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to furnace wall tubes
US2391108A (en) * 1941-08-06 1945-12-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fluid cooled wall
JPS52137505A (en) * 1976-05-13 1977-11-17 Balcke Duerr Ag Tube wall comprising plurality of tubes extending horizontally or slantly in parallel with each other
DE2659827B1 (en) * 1976-07-16 1978-04-20 Fuchs Gerhard Arc melting furnace
FR2371652A2 (en) * 1976-11-23 1978-06-16 Sofresid COOLING PLATE FOR WALLS OF TANK OVENS, ESPECIALLY FOR HAUTS-FOURNEAUX
DE2808686C2 (en) * 1978-03-01 1982-03-04 Oschatz Gmbh, 4300 Essen Gas-tight furnace wall for an industrial furnace
US4711186A (en) * 1986-12-22 1987-12-08 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Refractory anchor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5058534A (en) 1991-10-22
EP0415038A1 (en) 1991-03-06
DE3928371A1 (en) 1991-03-07
ZA905421B (en) 1991-04-24
DE59006198D1 (en) 1994-07-28
DK0415038T3 (en) 1994-10-24
ES2056309T3 (en) 1994-10-01
DD297505A5 (en) 1992-01-09

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