EP0408745B1 - Procede et appareil de controle de recipients multicouches en resine synthetique resistant a la chaleur - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de controle de recipients multicouches en resine synthetique resistant a la chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0408745B1
EP0408745B1 EP89902078A EP89902078A EP0408745B1 EP 0408745 B1 EP0408745 B1 EP 0408745B1 EP 89902078 A EP89902078 A EP 89902078A EP 89902078 A EP89902078 A EP 89902078A EP 0408745 B1 EP0408745 B1 EP 0408745B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
heat
resistant
mouth portion
resin
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89902078A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0408745A1 (fr
EP0408745A4 (en
Inventor
Masaru Hoshino
Tsutoo Yamada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
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Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
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Publication of EP0408745A4 publication Critical patent/EP0408745A4/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
    • G01N21/9072—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents with illumination or detection from inside the container
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
    • G01N21/9054—Inspection of sealing surface and container finish

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of inspecting a heat-resistant multilayer container made of synthetic resin capable of discriminating the quality of a product of a heat-resistant multilayer container on the basis of a non-destructive technology and to an apparatus to be utilized for the method.
  • Synthetic resin containers of the heat-resistant multilayer type are generally composed of a mouth portion with which a lid is screw engaged, and a shell portion continuous to the lower end of the mouth portion.
  • Such containers are manufactured by forming a parison formed of a main resin and a heat-resistant resin and forming a shell portion by holding a mouth portion of the parison and by performing a drawing blow process.
  • the formation of the heat resistant container involves such problems as degradation of the heat resistant deformability, chemical resistance and strength of the mouth portion because the mouth portion is not drawn and maintained as it is injected.
  • conventional art provides such methods as (a) a method in which the mouth portion is heat crystallized, (b) a method in which the mouth portion is formed by two-color formation of the heat-resistant resin and (c) a method in which the mouth portion is formed by preliminarily forming an outer periphery of the mouth portion with the heat-resistant resin and carrying out insertion formation in the preliminarily formed product.
  • the mouth portion formed by the method (a) involves faults such that diameters of a screw thread and a screw root thread of the mouth portion as well as the size thereof are not stably formed because of shape deformation during the heat crystallization process of the mouth portion, the sealing performance thereof is degraded because of the deformation of a top surface of a seal portion and this method is not applicable in a case where a totally transparent container is required because of the opacity due to the crystallization. Furthermore, a crystallizing process is additionally needed, resulting in less productivity of products and an increased cost.
  • the mouth portion formed by the method (b) has an insufficient layer-to-layer adhesive strength between the main resin and the heat-resistant resin and, in addition, requires a plurality of molding devices for the manufacturing thereof, involving complicated processes and, hence, resulting in cost increasing.
  • the mouth portion formed by the method (c) has also insufficient layer-to-layer adhesive strength between the main resin and the heat-resistant resin and also requires a plurality of molding devices. An insert device is further needed, thus also involving complicated processes and cost increasing.
  • the applicant of the present invention has developed a co-injection molding machine provided with a hot runner in which a hot runner portion, except a hot-runner branching point and a portion near that point, is composed of a pair of molten resin flow passages extending mutually closely and having the same cross sections and there is provided an area which combines two resin flows to the branching point (Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 61-252977).
  • the discrimination for the good performance and quality is based on a standard such as that the heat-resistant resin is concentrated to the mouth portion of the heat-resistant multilayer container.
  • the conventional discrimination includes a visual checking method, but this method is not suitable for discrimination in the case of the main and heat resistant resins both having the same color or both being transparent. It may be possible to discriminate the performance and the quality by a non-destructive technique based on a sampling method, but this method lacks reliability of discrimination because this method involves unstable factors in the manufacturing process and,hence, fears of causing unexpected faults when compared with single-layered containers.
  • an inspection method for a heat-resistant multilayer container made of synthetic resin comprises projecting light to an upper end portion of a mouth portion of a heat-resistant multilayer container formed by blow forming a parison made of a main resin and a heat-resistant resin, receiving light passing the upper end portion of the mouth portion, extracting and detecting a light having a specific wavelength, then outputting the light as an electric signal and discriminating the quality of the heat-resistant multilayer container in accordance with the output signal value, as well as an inspection apparatus to be utilized for carrying out the abovementioned inspection method for a heat-resistant multilayer container made of synthetic resin, the apparatus comprises a lighting device for emitting a light, a light projecting device connected to the lighting device and adapted to transfer and project the light to an upper end portion of a mouth portion of a heat resistant
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for inspecting in a non-destructive manner, as to whether or not the heat-resistant resin layer exists uniformly throughout a heat-resistant multilayer container, and simultaneously the flow condition of the heat-resistant resin layer at a mouth portion of a heat-resistant multilayer container.
  • the characteristic features of the present invention reside in an inspection method for a heat-resistant multilayer container made of synthetic resin, the method being characterized by projecting light to an upper end portion of a mouth portion and a lower thread portion of the mouth portion of a heat-resistant multilayer container formed by blow forming a parison made of a main resin and a heat-resistant resin, receiving light passing the upper end portion and the lower screw thread portion of the mouth portion, extracting and detecting a light having a specific wave length, then outputting the light as an electric signal and discriminating the quality of the heat-resistant multilayer container in accordance with the output signal value, as well as in an inspection apparatus to be utilized for carrying out the abovementioned inspection method (2) for a heat-resistant multilayer container made of synthetic resin, the apparatus being characterized by comprising a lighting device for emitting a light, a plurality of light projecting devices each connected to
  • hot runner nozzle means 104 for the co-injection molding comprises a hot-runner nozzle 105 for main resin and a hot-runner nozzle 106 for heat-resistant resin and also is provided with a hot-runner main block 107 for supporting the hot-runner nozzle means 104, a spacer block 108, a hot-runner sub-block 109 and a heat insulating plate 110.
  • a runner 111 for the main resin is disposed in the hot-runner main block 107 and a runner 112 for the heat-resistant resin is disposed in the hot-runner sub-block 109.
  • An injection cavity mold 113, a lip cavity mold 114 and an injection core 115 are disposed above the hot-runner nozzle means 104 for the co-injection molding.
  • the main resin 116 is first injected through the hot-runner nozzle 105 for the main resin into a cavity a defined by the injection cavity mold 113 and the injection core 115 (Fig. 7(A)) and the heat-resistant resin 117 is then pressure injected, with a slight time lag, into an intermediate layer of the main resin 116 in the cavity a through the hot-runner nozzle 106 for the heat-resistant resin (Fig. 7(B)).
  • the front end portion of the heat-resistant resin 117 flows out from the front end portion of the main resin 116 near a portion at which the front end of the main resin 116 reaches a cavity b defined by the lip cavity mold 114 and the injection core 115 and the heat-resistant resin that flows out covers the front surface of the main resin 116 (Fig. 7(C)).
  • the heat-resistant resin 117 further advances and when the portion of the heat-resistant resin 117 covering the main resin 116 reaches a closed portion of the cavity b, the heat resistant resin advances along the walls of the lip cavity mold 114 and injection core 115 (Fig. 7(D)) to thereby form a molded product, i.e. parison 101, having five-layered mouth portion and three-layered shell portion.
  • the parison 101 formed by the injection molding machine is first prepared-(Fig. 8(A)).
  • the mouth portion of the parison 101 is grasped by a mold 102 of a drawing blow formation machine, not shown, (Fig. 8(B)) and the drawing blow formation process is carried out (Fig. 8(C)), whereby a container 103 having a predetermined shape is manufactured (Fig. 8(D)).
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an inspection apparatus and Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of the structure of a sensor.
  • the inspection apparatus 120 comprises a lighting device 121 provided with a mercury-xenon lamp, not shown, emitting ultraviolet rays and visual light rays, a light projecting device 123 connected to the lighting device 121 and provided with a silica series fiber 122 for lighting having a diameter of 2 mm for collecting and transferring the ultraviolet rays and visual light rays and a light receiving device 126 provided with a silica fiber 124 for detection having a diameter of 1 mm and a guide 125 for supporting the silica detecting fiber 124.
  • the reason for using the mercury-xenon lamp as the lighting device is for increasing the light quantity in the ultraviolet region.
  • visual light is emitted, and such positional alignment can be facilitated, unlike the case for ultraviolet light that cannot be observed by eye.
  • a sensor means 129 is disposed along the silica detecting fiber 124 and the sensor means 129 is composed of an interference filter 127 for passing only light having a specific wavelength (350 ⁇ 10 nm) and a gallium-phosphorous element 128 of photoelectric transfer type receiving the ultraviolet rays and the visual light rays.
  • a cable 130 extending from the sensor means 129 is connected to a discriminating means 131 comprising an amplifier, not shown, and a discriminating circuit, not shown.
  • the principle of the inspection method is first described with reference to Fig. 3.
  • the principle is based on the property such that the main resin is superior in the transmission factor for ultraviolet light having a specific wavelength, when compared with heat-resistant resin.
  • Fig. 3 shows the ultraviolet ray transmission factors of the heat-resistant multilayer container 118 manufactured by the method described hereinbefore and made of a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) series resin as the main resin and a polyallyrate series resin as the heat-resistant resin and a single layer container 119 manufactured by the method described hereinbefore and made of only the PET series resin.
  • a PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • aromatic dicarboxylic acid group such as dicarboxylic acid of less than about
  • Blend polymer of polyallyrate and polyethylene-terephthalate is utilized for the polyallyrate series resin for the heat resistant resin.
  • the heat-resistant resin layer flows from the lower side towards the upper side, so that it is found that the heat-resistant resin layer exists throughout the entire container in a case where the heat resistant resin layer exists to the upper end portion of the mouth portion of the container. Accordingly, the inspection method is carried out throughout the entire periphery of the upper end portion of the mouth portion of the container.
  • the mouth portion of the container is provided with screw threads for sealing the container with a cap which is engaged with the screw thread portion and is therefore impossible to inspect the container at the screw thread portion. Accordingly, the inspection is carried out to a cylindrical portion of the upper end portion of the mouth portion provided with no screw threads (the cylindrical portion being formed for the purpose of improving a sealing effect of the container by dipping a rubber packing formed inside the cap).
  • the silica lighting fiber 122 and the silica detecting fiber 124 are aligned on a straight line by utilizing a visual light. Thereafter, the light emitted from the lighting device 121 is projected through the silica lighting fiber 122 and irradiated on the upper end portion 133 of the mouth portion of the container 103 with a part of the light being shield by a shielding plate 132. The light transmitted through the upper end portion 133 of the mouth portion is received by the silica detecting fiber 124 and light having only the specific wavelength (350 ⁇ 10 nm) is transmitted (extracted) by the interference filter 127 of the sensor 129.
  • the specific wavelength 350 ⁇ 10 nm
  • the gallium-phosphorous element 128 when the light having the specific wavelength is detected by the gallium-phosphorous element 128, the gallium-phosphorous element 128 generates voltage, which is amplified by an amplifier and then inputted into the discrimination circuit to discriminate the quality of the container 103.
  • Fig. 5(A) shows the result of the single container 119 in which an output of more than 250 mV is observed throughout the entire periphery.
  • Fig. 5(B) shows the inspection result of the heat resistant multilayer container having a fault mouth portion and an output of 25 to 50 mV is observed at positional angles near 90°, 180° and 270° of the lower screw thread portion of the mouth portion of the container.
  • Fig. 5(C) shows the inspection result of a good heat-resistant multilayer container, in which an output is not substantially observed.
  • the quality of the heat resistant multilayer containers can be discriminated by detecting the transmission factors of the lights having specific wavelengths of the main resin and the heat resistant resin of the mouth portion of the container, outputting the detected result as electric voltages and discriminating the outputted value. Namely, it can be discriminated whether or not the heat-resistant resin layer exists throughout the entire heat resistant multilayer container.
  • definite inspection can be performed in a short time, so that the number of inspection processes can be eliminated and products of high quality can be produced.
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of the inspection apparatus and Fig. 10 is a sectional side view showing a structure of a sensor means.
  • the inspection device 220 covers the ultraviolet emission area and comprises a lighting device 221 provided with, for example, a mercury-xenon lamp, not shown, which emits ultraviolet rays and visible light rays, two silica fibers 222 and 222 for lighting connected to the lighting device 221, each having a diameter of 2 mm so as to collect and transfer the ultraviolet rays and the visible light, and two silica fibers 224 and 224 for detection, each having a diameter of 1 mm to receive the light projected.
  • the two silica lighting fibers 222 and 222 have front ends 223 and 223 which are supported by a guide 225 to be parallel in vertical arrangement so that the distance therebetween is equal to the distance between the upper end portion of the mouth portion of the container and the lower screw thread portion.
  • the silica detecting fibers 224 and 224 have front ends 226 and 226 which are supported by the guide 225 so that the front ends 226 and 226 are opposed to the front ends 223 and 223 with predetermined spaces therebetween.
  • Sensor means 229 are disposed on the way of the respective silica detecting fibers 224 and 224.
  • Each of the sensor means 229 comprises an interference filter 227 for passing only the specific wavelength (350 ⁇ 10 nm) and a gallium-phosphorous element 228 for receiving the ultraviolet rays and the visual light rays.
  • Cables 230 and 230 extending from the respective sensor means 229 and 229 is connected to discriminating means 231 and 231 each composed of an amplifier, not shown, and a discrimination circuit, not shown.
  • the fact that the heat-resistant resin layer exists at the upper end portion of the mouth portion of the container means that the heat-resistant resin layer exists entirely to the container, so that the quality of the heat-resistant multilayer container can be discriminated by inspecting the entire periphery of the upper end portion of the mouth portion of the container. Furthermore, the flow condition of the heat-resistant resin layer can be discriminated by inspecting the entire periphery of the lower screw thread portion of the mouth portion. Accordingly, according to this embodiment, a cylindrical portion directly below the screw thread portion is inspected in addition to the inspection of a cylindrical portion of the upper end portion of the mouth portion including no screw thread portion.
  • the front ends 223 and 223 of the respective two silica lighting fibers 222 and 222 and the front ends 226 and 226 of the respective two silica detecting fibers 224 and 224 are arranged so as to respectively hold the upper end portion of the mouth portion of the container and the lower screw thread portion of the mouth portion. Thereafter, the lights emitted from the lighting devices 221 are projected through the two silica series lighting fibers 222 and 222 and irradiated on the upper end portion 203a of the mouth portion of the container and the lower screw thread portion 203b of the mouth portion.
  • the lights passing the upper end portion 203a and the lower screw thread portion 203b of the mouth portion are received by the two silica series detecting fibers 224 and 224 and the lights having only the specific wavelengths (350 ⁇ 10 nm) pass (are extracted) by the interference filters 227 and 227 disposed in the sensor means 229 and 229.
  • the gallium-phosphorous elements 228 and 228 When the lights having the specific wavelengths are detected by the gallium-phosphorous elements 228 and 228, the gallium-phosphorous elements 228 and 228 generate electric currents, which are then amplified by the amplifiers and input into the discrimination circuits, respectively, to discriminate the quality of the container 203.
  • the heat-resistant resin 117 flows along the wall surfaces of the lip cavity mold 114 and the injection core 115 to form the mouth portion having a five-layered structure and such flow condition can be discriminated by inspecting the entire periphery of the lower screw thread portion 203b of the mouth portion.
  • a heat resistant multilayer container 118 manufactured by the method described hereinbefore and made of a PET resin [MITSUI PET resin J125] as the main resin and a U polymer [UNITIKA U 8400] prepared by blending a polyallyrate and a polyethylene terephthalate as the heat-resistant resin and a single layer container 119 made of only the PET were prepared. The inspections were performed to the entire peripheries (0 to 360°) of the upper end portions of the mouth portions and the lower screw thread portions of the mouth portions of the respective containers 118 and 119.
  • Fig. 12(A) shows the result of the single container 119 in which an output of more than 250 mV is observed throughout the entire periphery.
  • FIG. 12(B) shows the inspection result of the heat-resistant multilayer container having a fault mouth portion and an output of 25 to 50 mV is observed at positional angles near 90°, 180° and 270° of the lower screw thread portion of the mouth portion of the container.
  • Fig. 12(C) shows the inspection result of the good heat-resistant multilayer container, in which an output is not substantially observed.
  • the quality of the heat-resistant multilayer containers can be discriminated by detecting the transmission factors of the lights having specific wavelengths of the main resin and the heat-resistant resin of the upper end portion and the lower screw thread portion of the mouth portion of the container, outputting the detected result as electric voltages and discriminating the outputted value. Namely, it can be discriminated whether or not the heat-resistant resin layer exists throughout the entire heat-resistant multilayer container and whether or not the heat-resistant resin layer surely flows in the mouth portion to form an ideal mouth portion.

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé pour contrôler un récipient multicouche résistant à la chaleur fait de résine synthétique, comportant une partie de goulot formée par soufflage d'une ébauche faite de résine principale et de résine résistant à la chaleur comprenant les phases consistant à :
    projeter une lumière sur une partie d'extrémité supérieure de ladite partie de goulot,
    recevoir la lumière traversant la partie d'extrémité supérieure de ladite partie de goulot,
    extraire et détecter une lumière ayant une longueur d'onde spécifique,
    communiquer en sortie la lumière en tant que signal électrique et
    discriminer si la couche de résine résistant à la chaleur existe uniformément dans tout le récipient multicouche résistant à la chaleur,
       caractérisé en ce que ledit procédé comprend simultanément, outre les phases ci-dessus, les phases consistant à :
    projeter une lumière sur une partie filetée inférieure de la partie de goulot,
    recevoir la lumière traversant la partie filetée inférieure,
    extraire et détecter une lumière ayant une longueur d'onde spécifique,
    communiquer en sortie la lumière en tant que signal électrique et
    discriminer si la condition d'écoulement de la couche de résine résistant à la chaleur est satisfaisante en fonction de la valeur du signal de sortie et
    discriminer si ladite partie de goulot est une partie de goulot idéale en fonction des deux phases de discrimination ci-dessus.
  2. Procédé pour contrôler un récipient multicouche résistant à la chaleur fait de résine synthétique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la résine résistant à la chaleur est une résine de la série polyallyrate.
  3. Procédé pour contrôler un récipient multicouche résistant à la chaleur fait de résine synthétique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la lumière est un rayon ultraviolet.
  4. Procédé pour contrôler un récipient multicouche résistant à la chaleur fait de résine synthétique selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la longueur d'onde spécifique à extraire est dans la plage de 350 +/- 10 nm.
  5. Appareil pour contrôler un récipient multicouche résistant à la chaleur fait de résine synthétique, comportant une partie de goulot formée par soufflage d'une ébauche faite de résine principale et de résine résistant à la chaleur, comprenant un dispositif d'éclairage (221) pour émettre une lumière, un premier dispositif de projection (222) relié au dispositif d'éclairage et adapté à transférer et projeter la lumière sur une partie d'extrémité supérieure de ladite partie de goulot, un dispositif de réception de lumière (224) situé à l'opposé du dispositif de projection de lumière et adapté à recevoir et transférer la lumière traversant la partie d'extrémité supérieure de ladite partie de goulot, un capteur (229) pour extraire et détecter la lumière transmise depuis ledit dispositif de réception de lumière et un moyen de circuit de traitement de signaux (231) pour traiter les signaux électriques provenant dudit capteur afin de discriminer si la couche de résine résistant à la chaleur existe uniformément dans tout le récipient multicouche résistant à la chaleur,
       caractérisé en ce que ledit appareil comprend, en outre, un second dispositif de projection (222) relié au dispositif d'éclairage, étant adapté à transférer et projeter la lumière sur une partie filetée inférieure de ladite partie de goulot, un second dispositif de réception de lumière (224) situé à l'opposé du second dispositif de projection de lumière, étant adapté à recevoir et transférer la lumière traversant la partie filetée inférieure de ladite partie de goulot, un second capteur (229) pour extraire et détecter la lumière transmise depuis le second dispositif de réception de lumière, un second moyen de circuit de traitement de signaux (231) pour traiter les signaux électriques provenant dudit second capteur afin de discriminer si la condition d'écoulement de la couche de résine résistant à la chaleur est satisfaisante et un moyen de discrimination pour discriminer si la partie de goulot est une partie de goulot idéale sur la base des résultats des deux moyens de circuit de traitement de signaux.
  6. Appareil pour contrôler un récipient multicouche résistant à la chaleur fait de résine synthétique selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le dispositif de projection de lumière est une fibre de projection de lumière.
  7. Appareil pour contrôler un récipient multicouche résistant à la chaleur fait de résine synthétique selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le dispositif de réception de lumière est une fibre de réception de lumière.
EP89902078A 1989-02-06 1989-02-06 Procede et appareil de controle de recipients multicouches en resine synthetique resistant a la chaleur Expired - Lifetime EP0408745B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP1989/000118 WO1990008951A1 (fr) 1989-02-06 1989-02-06 Procede et appareil de controle de recipients multicouches en resine synthetique resistant a la chaleur

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0408745A1 EP0408745A1 (fr) 1991-01-23
EP0408745A4 EP0408745A4 (en) 1992-02-05
EP0408745B1 true EP0408745B1 (fr) 1998-09-09

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US (1) US5331167A (fr)
EP (1) EP0408745B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE68928813T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990008951A1 (fr)

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EP2381246A1 (fr) * 2010-04-26 2011-10-26 Becton Dickinson France Dispositif, kit et procédé pour inspection d'un article
US9206827B2 (en) 2012-11-20 2015-12-08 Avery Dennison Corporation Wall mount organization system

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 13, no. 266 (P-887)[3614], 20th June 1989; & JP-A-1 59 147 (DAINIPPON) 06-03-1989 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5331167A (en) 1994-07-19
EP0408745A1 (fr) 1991-01-23
DE68928813D1 (de) 1998-10-15
WO1990008951A1 (fr) 1990-08-09
DE68928813T2 (de) 1999-05-12
EP0408745A4 (en) 1992-02-05

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