EP0406182B1 - Système générateur-démarreur électrique, particulièrement pour utilisation de générateur et démarreur pour voiture automobile - Google Patents
Système générateur-démarreur électrique, particulièrement pour utilisation de générateur et démarreur pour voiture automobile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0406182B1 EP0406182B1 EP90830291A EP90830291A EP0406182B1 EP 0406182 B1 EP0406182 B1 EP 0406182B1 EP 90830291 A EP90830291 A EP 90830291A EP 90830291 A EP90830291 A EP 90830291A EP 0406182 B1 EP0406182 B1 EP 0406182B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- electrical machine
- supply
- motor
- generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric generator-motor system, particularly for use as a generator and a starter motor in a motor vehicle provided with an internal combustion engine, of the kind defined in the introduction of Claim 1.
- EP-A-260176 A system of this kind is disclosed in EP-A-260176.
- the voltage-boosting means includes a chopper-controlled LC-arrangement and the voltage-reduction means is an independent conventional voltage regulator.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved generator- motor system of the above-specified kind.
- an electric generator-motor system includes a rotary electrical machine, generally indicated 1, which is preferably of the synchronous type and has a three-phase armature whose windings are indicated X, Y and Z. These windings are connected in a star arrangement in the embodiment illustrated and are carried by a conventional stator, not shown.
- the synchronous electrical machine 1 also includes a rotor 2 carrying field-generator means, preferably constituted by permanent magnets.
- a three-phase bridge circuit is connected to the armature windings of the machine 1.
- the circuit includes six rectifier diodes 4 each connected in parallel with the collector-emitter path of a respective transistor 5.
- the bases of the transistors are connected in order to corresponding inputs of a piloting circuit 6 which forms part of an electronic control and operating unit, generally indicated 7.
- Sensors 8 are also connected to the piloting circuit 6 and are associated in order with the windings X, Y and Z so as to provide electrical signals indicative of the currents flowing in these windings.
- the sensors may be constituted, for example, by Hall-effect devices.
- a speed sensor 9 is also connected to the piloting circuit 6 and provides electrical signals indicative of the angular velocity of the rotor of the electrical machine 1.
- a capacitor 10 is connected in parallel with the bridge circuit 3.
- a transistor, indicated 11 has its collector-emitter path arranged between the bridge circuit 3 and one terminal of an inductor 12 the other terminal of which is connected to the positive pole of a rechargeable direct-current voltage supply 13.
- This supply is constituted, for example, by the normal battery of a motor vehicle.
- a diode 14 is connected in parallel with the collector-emitter path of the transistor 11 and has its cathode connected to the bridge circuit 3 and its anode connected to the inductor 12.
- the base of the transistor 11 is connected to an output of an operating circuit 15 included in the electronic control and operating unit 7.
- a further transistor, indicated 16 has its collector-emitter path connected between the junction between the diode 14 and the inductor 12 and earth. The base of this transistor is also connected to an output of the operating circuit 15 of the electronic unit 7.
- a diode 17 is connected in parallel with the collector-emitter path of the transistor 16, with its cathode on the side nearest the inductor 12.
- a resistor indicated L in the drawing, represents a generic load connected to the supply 13.
- a shunt resistor, indicated 18, is connected in series with the battery 13 and the load L. This resistor is also connected to an input of the operating circuit 15 and is intended to act as a sensor for sensing the current supplied to the battery 13 and the load L by the motor-generator system in operation.
- capacitors 19 and 20 are interconnected in parallel between the positive pole of the supply 13 and a terminal of the resistor 18.
- a sensor for providing the operating circuit 15 with a signal indicative of the voltage supplied to the battery 13 by the system (when it is operating as a generator) is indicated 21.
- This sensor is constituted, for example, by a voltage divider or potentiometer in parallel with the battery.
- the generator-motor system described above can conveniently be used as a generator and as a starter motor in a motor vehicle provided with an internal combustion engine.
- the rotor 2 of the electrical machine 1 is connected mechanically to the flywheel 22 of the internal combustion engine by means of a differential reduction unit 21 which may be of the epicyclic type or the "harmonic drive" type.
- the reduction unit 21 rotates the flywheel 22 at a considerbaly reduced speed in known manner.
- the reduction unit transmits the drive from the flywheel 22 to the rotor of the electrical machine with a transmission ratio more or less equal to one.
- the electronic control and operating unit 7 detects the rate of rotation of the rotor 2 of the electrical machine 1 in operation by means of a sensor 9 and, by comparing that rate with a pre-established reference, can establish whether the machine is operating as a motor or as a generator and consequently provides for the operation of the circuits 6 and 15 in the manner which will be described further below.
- the rotor 2 of the electrical machine 1 When it is operating as a generator, the rotor 2 of the electrical machine 1 is rotated. The electrical machine therefore acts as a generator, in the manner of a normal alternator.
- the piloting circuit 6 keeps the transistors 5 non-conductive.
- the three-phase bridge circuit 3 therefore operates as a normal passive rectifier circuit and provides a rectified output voltage which is smoothed by means of the capacitor 10.
- the operating circuit 15 keeps the transistor 16 non-conductive and pilots the base of the transistor 11 in an on/off manner with a waveform whose pulse width is modulated (PWM) in dependence on the value of the voltage in the load as detected by means of the divider 21.
- PWM pulse width modulated
- the capacitors 19 and 20 maintain the voltage in the load L, whilst the energy previously stored in the inductor 12 is recirculated through the diode 17.
- the inductor 12 and the capacitors 19 and 20 together have an integrating and filtering effect on the voltage supplied to the supply 13 and the load L.
- the voltage output by the bridge 3 varies according to the angular velocity imparted to the rotor 2 of the electrical machine.
- the electrical machine When the electrical machine is driven at a speed faster than a certain value, it can supply (downstream of the recitifier) a direct-current voltage higher than the nominal voltage of the battery 13.
- the circuit 15 reduces the voltage delivered to the battery in a similar way to the normal regulation circuits with which alternators used in motor vehicles are provided.
- these regulation circuits regulate the voltage supplied by modifying the current flowing in the field winding normally provided in alternators for use in motor vehicles: these regulation circuits therefore force the alternator to operate in almost short-circuited conditions and the alternator can therefore supply only a fraction of its maximum power.
- the voltage supplied by the machine to the battery is not regulated by modifying the field intensity but by choking the voltage supplied (by means of PWM).
- the machine is thus free to operate at voltages higher than the nominal voltage of the battery and can therefore supply a higher average power than that which can be supplied by a motor-vehicle alternator/regulator unit of similar characteristics, with a consequent net improvement in energy efficiency.
- the operating circuit 15 keeps the transistor 11 in the non-conductive condition and pilots the transistor 16 in an on/off manner by means of a pulsed signal whose pulse width is also modulated (PWM).
- PWM pulse width is also modulated
- the piloting circuit 6 pilots the three pairs of transistors 5 in an on/off manner in a cyclic sequence with phase differences of 120 o , so that the currents which are made to flow in the armature windings X, Y and Z of the electrical machine 1 have waveforms with phase differences of 120 o and hence simulate a three-phase current system.
- the electrical machine 1 therefore acts as a motor and its rotor 2 starts to rotate.
- the bridge circuit 3 operates as a simple rectifier bridge when the system is operating as a generator but operates as a three-phase inverter when the system has to operate as a motor.
- the piloting circuit 6 may be of the type currently used for piloting so-called brushless motors.
- the operating circuit 15 may be a normal integrated PWM modulator circuit easily obtainable commercially.
- the operating circuit 15, the capacitor 10, the inductor 12 and the capacitors 19 - 20 form a voltage-boosting circuit when the system is called upon to operate as a motor and a voltage-reduction circuit when the system operates as a generator.
- the two different operating modes are achieved simply by the different piloting of the transistors 11 and 16.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Claims (17)
- Système de générateur-moteur électrique destiné à être utilisé plus particulièrement comme générateur et comme démarreur d'un véhicule à moteur à combustion interne comportant :- une source d'énergie à courant continu rechargeable (13),- une machine électrique rotative (1, 2) comportant un induit polyphasé (X, Y, Z),- des moyens de commande polyphasés (3 à 6) situés entre la machine électrique (1, 2) et la source d'énergie (13) et adaptés pour agir comme moyens redresseurs (4) lorsque la machine électrique (1, 2) fonctionne comme générateur pour fournir un courant de sortie redressé à la source d'énergie (13) et/ou à une charge (L) et comme moyens convertisseurs (5, 6) pour alimenter l'induit (X, Y, Z) de la machine (1, 2) en courant polyphasé lorsque la machine électrique (1, 2) fonctionne comme moteur alimenté en énergie depuis la source d'énergie (13), et- des moyens de survoltage (15, 16 ; 10, 12) comportant un agencement en LC (10, 12) pour augmenter la tension entre la source d'énergie (13) et les moyens de commande (3 à 6) lorsque la machine électrique (1, 2) fonctionne comme moteur, et- des moyens réducteurs de tension (15, 11, 12, 19, 20) pour réduire la tension entre les moyens de commande (3 à 6) et la source d'énergie (13) à une valeur convenant à la recharge de la source d'énergie (13) lorsque la machine électrique (1, 2) fonctionne en générateur,caractérisé en ce que les moyens réducteurs de tension (15, 11, 12, 19, 20) comportent en outre un agencement en LC (12, 10, 19, 20) ayant des parties communes (10, 12) avec l'agencement en LC (10, 12) des moyens de survoltage (15, 16 ; 10, 12).
- Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la machine électrique est du type synchrone ayant des moyens inducteurs (2) du type à aimants permanents.
- Système selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre des moyens de survoltage (15, 16 ; 10, 12) pour augmenter la tension entre la source d'énergie (13) et les moyens de commande (3 à 6), lorsque la machine électrique (1, 2) fonctionne en moteur.
- Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la machine électrique (1, 2) est adaptée pour produire une tension qui, lorsqu'elle est redressée par les moyens de commande (3 à 6) est supérieure à la tension nominale de la source d'énergie (13).
- Système selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande comportent un circuit en pont polyphasé commandé (3 à 5) piloté par une unité de manoeuvre et de commande électronique (6).
- Système selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le circuit en pont (3 à 5) est du type triphasé et comporte six diodes (4) connectées suivant un agencement en pont et commandées par un dispositif commutateur (5) connecté respectivement en parallèle avec chaque diode.
- Système selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que chacun des dispositifs de commutation commandé comporte un transistor (5) dont le circuit collecteur-émetteur est parallèle à une diode respective (4) du pont (3) et dont la base est connectée à une sortie correspondante de l'unité de manoeuvre et de commande électronique (6, 7).
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande comportent des moyens détecteurs (8) pour détecter le courant qui circule dans l'induit (X, Y, Z) de la machine électrique (1, 2), les moyens détecteurs étant connectés à l'unité de commande électronique (7) qui est agencée pour piloter le circuit en pont polyphasé (3) suivant un mode prédéterminé en fonction des signaux émis par les moyens détecteur (8).
- Système selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande comportent en outre des moyens détecteurs (9) pour détecter la vitesse de rotation du rotor (2) de la machine électrique (1, 2), les moyens détecteurs 6-tant connectés à l'unité de manoeuvre et de commande électronique (7) qui est aussi agencée pour piloter le circuit en pont polyphasé (3) suivant un mode prédéterminé en fonction des signaux émis par les moyens détecteurs de vitesse (9).
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens réducteurs de tension comportent un premier commutateur commandé (11) piloté en modulation par largeur d'impulsions (PWM) depuis une unité de manoeuvre et de commande électronique (15, 7), le premier commutateur commandé (11) étant monté en série entre la sortie du circuit en pont (3) et la source d'énergie (13) et une charge quelconque (L).
- Système selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'un circuit d'intégration et de filtrage du type LC (12, 19, 20) est interposé entre le premier dispositif de commutation commandé (11) et la source d'énergie (13) et une charge quelconque (L).
- Système selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'intégration et de filtrage comporte un inducteur (12) connecté en série avec le premier commutateur commandé (11) et une première capacité (19, 20) montée en parallèle avec la source d'énergie (13) et avec une charge quelconque (L).
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'une deuxième capacité (10) est connectée en parallèle avec la sortie du circuit en pont (3).
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de survoltage comportent :- une capacité (10) connectée en parallèle avec le circuit en pont (3),- un inducteur (12) monté dans le circuit d'intensité situé entre la source d'énergie (13) et la capacité (10),- un deuxième commutateur commandé (16) monté en parallèle avec la capacité (10) ; le deuxième commutateur commandé (16) étant piloté suivant un mode ouvert/fermé par l'unité de manoeuvre et de commande électronique (7, 15) lorsque la machine électrique (1, 2) fonctionne en moteur de telle sorte que lorsque le deuxième commutateur (16) est passant (fermé), de l'énergie est stockée dans l'inducteur (12) puis est ensuite déchargée dans la capacité (10) lorsque le deuxième comutateur commandé (16) n'est pas conducteur (ouvert).
- Système selon les revendications 13 et 14, caractérisé en ce qu'une capacité unique (10) est connectée en parallèle avec le circuit en pont polyphasé (3) et agit comme filtre lisseur de tension lorsque la machine électrique (1, 2) fonctionne comme générateur et comme un survolteur lorsque la machine électrique (1, 2) fonctionne en moteur.
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre des moyens détecteurs (21) pour détecter la tension appliquée à une charge quelconque (L).
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, en vue de fonctionner comme démarreur d'un moteur à combustion interne, le rotor (2) de la machine électrique (1, 2) est couplé en rotation avec un organe (22) d'un moteur à combustion interne au moyen d'une unité réductrice différentielle (21).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT8967543A IT1232538B (it) | 1989-06-30 | 1989-06-30 | Sistema generatore-motore elettrico,particolarmente per l'impiego come generatore e motore di avviamento a bordo di un autoveicolo provvisto di un motore a combustione interna |
IT6754389 | 1989-06-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0406182A1 EP0406182A1 (fr) | 1991-01-02 |
EP0406182B1 true EP0406182B1 (fr) | 1992-09-23 |
Family
ID=11303306
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90830291A Expired EP0406182B1 (fr) | 1989-06-30 | 1990-06-26 | Système générateur-démarreur électrique, particulièrement pour utilisation de générateur et démarreur pour voiture automobile |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0406182B1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE69000330D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2034849T3 (fr) |
IT (1) | IT1232538B (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19918513C1 (de) * | 1999-04-23 | 2000-11-02 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Elektrische Antriebsanordnung für eine Brennkraftmaschine in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102008011479A1 (de) | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-03 | Schaeffler Kg | Starteinrichtung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9520390D0 (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1995-12-06 | Lucas Ind Plc | Regulator for permanent magnet generator and permanent magnet generator |
GB9906716D0 (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 1999-05-19 | Switched Reluctance Drives Ltd | Operation of a switched reluctance machine from dual supply voltages |
DE19928106C1 (de) * | 1999-06-19 | 2000-11-16 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Elektrisches Generator/Motor-System |
DE10029714A1 (de) * | 2000-06-16 | 2001-12-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Startervorrichtung für eine Verbrennungsmaschine |
JP3930246B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-17 | 2007-06-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | ブラシレス多相交流電機およびその通電制御装置 |
FR2843842B1 (fr) * | 2002-08-26 | 2007-02-23 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Dispositif de commande d'une machine electrique tournante pour vehicule |
FR2843841B1 (fr) * | 2002-08-26 | 2009-12-11 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Dispositif et procede de commande d'une machine electrique tournante pour vehicule |
US20140103650A1 (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-17 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Dual-dc bus starter/generator |
RU2550813C2 (ru) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-05-20 | Российская Федерация, От Имени Которой Выступает Министерство Промышленности И Торговли Российской Федерации | Способ управления мотор-генератором |
CN110259617A (zh) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-09-20 | 重庆力华自动化技术有限责任公司 | 一种用于摩托车启动和发电一体电机的控制装置 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3543809A1 (de) * | 1985-12-12 | 1987-06-19 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Permanentmagneterregte synchronmaschine |
FR2604041B1 (fr) * | 1986-09-11 | 1988-10-28 | Valeo | Procede de commande d'une machine electrique reversible generateur-moteur, pour vehicule automobile, et installation de commande pour la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procede |
-
1989
- 1989-06-30 IT IT8967543A patent/IT1232538B/it active
-
1990
- 1990-06-26 DE DE9090830291A patent/DE69000330D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-26 ES ES199090830291T patent/ES2034849T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-26 EP EP90830291A patent/EP0406182B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1990-06-26 DE DE90830291T patent/DE69000330T4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19918513C1 (de) * | 1999-04-23 | 2000-11-02 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Elektrische Antriebsanordnung für eine Brennkraftmaschine in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102008011479A1 (de) | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-03 | Schaeffler Kg | Starteinrichtung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT8967543A0 (it) | 1989-06-30 |
EP0406182A1 (fr) | 1991-01-02 |
IT1232538B (it) | 1992-02-19 |
DE69000330T2 (de) | 1993-02-11 |
DE69000330D1 (de) | 1992-10-29 |
ES2034849T3 (es) | 1993-04-01 |
DE69000330T4 (de) | 1993-11-18 |
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