EP0405504B1

EP0405504B1 - Information display system suitable for compact electronic appliances having different display sizes

Info

Publication number: EP0405504B1
Application number: EP19900112258
Authority: EP
Inventors: Tatsuo C/O Pat.Dept. Hamura R&D Center Arai; Yuuji c/o Pat.Dept. Hamura R&D Center Kuriyama
Original assignee: Casio Computer Co Ltd
Current assignee: Casio Computer Co Ltd
Priority date: 1989-06-29
Filing date: 1990-06-27
Publication date: 1995-08-16
Anticipated expiration: 2010-06-27
Also published as: DE69021651D1; DE69021651T2; EP0405504A2; EP0405504A3

Description

The present invention generally relates to a display system for a compact electronic appliance. More specifically, the present invention is directed to an information display system used to such compact electronic appliances equipped with display units having different display sizes and capable of properly displaying display information which is received from the same display information source.
In general, conventional compact electronic appliances for displaying characters employ dot matrix type liquid crystal display apparatuses as display units. The data to be displayed, for instance, character codes are converted into image data or bit patterns, and the converted display data are stored in the screen memory corresponding to the dots constituting the liquid crystal display panel, and thereafter the display operation is performed in accordance with the contents of this screen memory.
On the other hand, since many needs have been made from consumers that more easily observable display screens are required, the sizes of the present display screens are modified for enlarging without changing the basic functions of the display system. In such a case, although there is no modification in the calculation control and memory control, either control unit or LSI employed in the electronic appliance must be discretely prepared so as to be fitted to the modification of the display apparatus. Therefore, there exists such an economical problem that the design of LSI employed in the display apparatus must be modified in order to accept such a slight change in the display screen size.
Furthermore, very recently an information processing apparatus has been marketed that can execute a program previously stored in an external storage medium, for instance, an IC card, while connecting the IC card to this information processing apparatus.
In accordance with such an information processing apparatus, when the program stored in the IC card is executed, e.g. information display program is executed, the display data is received from the IC card together with the information on the line number and column number for the display purpose, and the display data is merely displayed on the designated position of the display unit.
However, there are various information processing apparatuses in the same series but different sorts. As a consequence, when, for instance, such a program to display data of a 3-line x 5-column display unit has been stored in an IC card, the overall screen of this display unit can be effectively utilized so as to display this display data only under the condition that the screen size of the display unit is 3 lines x 5 columns. To the contrary, when other different sorts of display units, for example, a screen size of 4 lines x 10 columns are employed instead of the above-described screen size of 3 lines x 5 columns, and the above-described IC card is utilized, the display data is displayed only within a display area of 3 lines x 5 columns. This may cause insufficient display of the effective display range of the display unit, and also worse display appearances of the display data.
A related problem is the correct setting of the display format and size, CGA or EGA, of display apparatuses, depending on the application program being executed. A display system switching automatically, manually or semi-automatically to the required display format, CGA or EGA, is known from EP-A-0295691. However, this document does not provide hints how to display characters stored in a memory device in correspondence with any screen sizes, so that the display data is sufficiently displayed within the effective display range of the display system.
The present invention has been made in an attempt to solve the above-described problems of the conventional information display apparatus, and has an object to provide an information display system capable of displaying information properly even when the compact electronic appliances employ the display unit having different specifications.
An information processing system, according to the present invention, comprises a portable electronic appliance and a memory device. Said portable electronic appliance includes display means, having a display screen, capable of displaying a plurality of lines and also a plurality of characters thereon, display memory means, having a memory capacity corresponding to a size of said display screen, for storing display data to be displayed on said display screen, designating means for designating the position of said display memory means in which data is written and memory means for storing information regarding the size of said display screen. Said memory device includes memory means for storing character information to be displayed on said display screen, means for sequentially transferring the character information from said memory means of said memory device to said portable electronic appliance and writing position control means for sequentially updating the writing position of said display memory means which is designated by said designating means. Said portable electronic appliance further includes writing means for writing each of the character information from said memory device in the position of said display memory means which is designated by said designating means and detecting means for detecting that the writing position updated by said writing position control means exceeds a memory range corresponding to said display screen. Said memory device further includes control means for controlling the operation of said designating means and said writing means in accordance with the detection result of said detecting means.
The present invention will now be described further by way of samples only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a compact electronic appliance to which the present invention has been applied;
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a circuit arrangement of the compact electronic appliance to which the present invention has been applied;
Fig. 3 illustrates contents of a display form memory unit employed in the compact electronic appliance shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 represents display information which has been stored in a memory of an IC card;
Fig. 5 is a flowchart for explaining a main display operation of the compact electronic appliance;
Fig. 6 is a flowchart for explaining an operation executed by a program stored in the IC card;
Fig. 7 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of various circuits of the compact electronic appliance during the display operation;
Figs. 8 to 11 represent various display conditions of the display unit.

CONSTRUCTION OF COMPACT ELECTRONIC APPLIANCE

Referring now to figures, a compact electronic appliance employing an information display system according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the first compact electronic appliance. In Fig. 1, reference numeral 1 indicates an apparatus housing which is constructed of a main body 1a, and a lid 1b hinged to the main body 1a. On the surface of this main body 1a, there are formed a keyboard 2, a power-ON switch 3a, and a power-OFF switch 3b, whereas a card loading unit 5 is formed on one side surface of the main body 1a (right side as viewed in Fig. 1) so as to load an IC (integrated circuit) card 4. At an inner surface of the lid 1b, there are formed in an array form a card (CAD) key 7 for setting a card mode; a TEL key 8 for setting a telephone mode; an MEM key 9 for setting a memo mode; a Sch key 10 for setting a scheduel mode; and, a TIM key 11 for setting a time mode, and also a liquid crystal display panel 12 for displaying various data thereon. Furthermore, cursor keys 13 constructed of four switch pieces is formed beside the various function setting keys. "↑" key 13a and "↓" key 13b supply a direction of display scrolling in the card mode.

OVERALL CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT

In Fig. 2, there is shown an overall circuit arrangement of the compact electronic appliance shown in Fig. 1. This circuit is arranged by a central processing unit (CPU) 14 to which a key input unit 15, a ROM (read-only memory) 16, a RAM (random access memory) 17, a display control unit 18, a read control unit 19, and a housing connector 20 are connected.
It should be noted that the above-described key input unit 15 corresponds to the previously explained keyboard 2, cursor key 13, and various keys 7 to 11. ROM 16 previously stored therein a program for controlling various functions of the appliance, and a conversion table for converting a character code into a character pattern. In RAM 17, there are provided areas capable of storing various data; a display starting line pointer (n) 171, a display line pointer (m) 172, and a character pointer (p) 173, RAM 17 further includes area T(1), T(2), ---, 172 for buffering character pointer data of head character of each line; and a display character code register (CHR) 175. The data stored in RAM 17 are used for controlling the displays of various data sent from the IC card 4.
The compact electronic appliance shown in Fig. 1 further includes a display unit 21. The display unit 21 includes an LCD panel 12, an LCD driver 211 for driving the LCD panel 12, a VRAM 212, and a display form memory 213. The VRAM 212 stores image data to be displayed on the LCD panel 12.
The function of the display form memory unit 213 is to store a form or specifications of this display unit 21. Fig. 3 shows contents of the memory of different type display, i.e. A-type and B-type. There are difference in both the data of the character to be displayed and the address data, depending upon sizes of the display panel 12.
The display control unit 18 includes a memory unit 183. An VRAM's top address, an VRAM's end address, and a dot number in the vertical direction of the LCD panel 12 are written in memory areas A, B and C from the display form memory unit 213. Based upon the written data, the display control unit 18 executes both the data write control and display control with respect to the display unit 21. Furthermore, under the control of the display control unit 18, both digit designation data (XI) and line designation data (YI) used to write the character data into VRAM 212 are stored in a digit position memory 181 and a line position memory 182. These digit designation data (XI) and line designation data (YI) are supplied to the read control unit 19.
The read control unit 19 owns a memory 191 for storing a digit number data (Xc) of the display unit 21, and a memory 192 for storing a line number data (Yc), and furthermore comparator units 193,194 and error flag memories (EX) 195 and (EY) 196.
Then, the digit designation data (XI) and the line designation data (YI) are supplied to the comparator units 193 and 194. The first comparator unit 193 compares the digit number data (Xc) stored in the memory 191 with the digit designation data (XI) stored in the digit position memory 181. When a comparison result becomes XI>Xc, a flag is stored in an error flag memory (EX) 195. The second comparator unit 194 compares the line number data (Yc) stored in the memory 192 with the line designation data (YI) stored in the line position memory 182. When a comparison result becomes YI>Yc, another flag is set into another error flag memory (EY) 196.
On the other hand, the IC card 4 is constructed of a ROM 31 and a card connector 32. It should be noted that, for instance, display information as shown in Fig. 4 has been stored in ROM 31, and also program by which such display information can be displayed has been previously stored therein. The card connector 32 is employed so as to connect the IC card 4 via the housing connector 20 to the housing 1.
It should also be noted that a symbol
shown in Fig. 4 indicates a line-feed code.

OVERALL OPERATION OF COMPACT ELECTRONIC APPLIANCE

Referring now to Figs. 1 to 4 in conjunction with a flowchart shown in Fig. 5, a description will be made such that while the IC card 4 is loaded on the housing 1, the information (see Fig. 4) stored in the IC card 4 is displayed on the display panel 12 of the compact electronic appliance. In this preferred embodiment, it should be noted that the display unit 21 utilizes an "A" type form shown in Fig. 3. In this display unit 21, there is employed a 48x64 dot matrix as the LCD (liquid crystal display) PANEL 12. One character is constructed of 16X8-dot patterns, and a character display is effected by 3 lines X 8 columns. Accordingly, VRAM 212 has a memory capacity of 48 X 64 bits. In this VRAM 212, a top address "0000" designates an area of VRAM 212 corresponding to first 8 bits on a first line and a first column of the display panel, and an end address "017F" (hexadecimal notation) designates an area of VRAM 212 corresponding to sixteenth 8 bits on a third line and an eighth column of the display panel.
The display is executed in accordance with the flowchart represented in Fig. 5.
At a step S1 of this flowchart, the VRAM's top address "0000", VRAM's end address "017F", and dot number "48" in the vertical direction of the LCD panel 12 are read out from the display form memory 213 of the display unit 21 and then stored in the respective memory areas of the memory 183 in the display control unit 18. Subsequently, the display digit number "8" and display line number "3" are read from the display form memory 213, and thereafter stored into the memory 191 and memory 192 of the read control unit 19 at a step S2.
Then, the display process is advanced to a next step S3, the LCD PANEL 12 is driven at 1/C duty, 1/48 duty in this preferred embodiment, under the control of CPU 14. As will be described more in detail, the display information is read from the IC card 4 at a step S4 and displayed at a subsequent step S5.
The display information reading operations defined at the step S4 will now be explained with reference to flowcharts shown in Figs. 6 and 7.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart for representing such a program that the display information, as shown in Fig. 4, on the IC card 4 per se is sent out to the housing 1. Fig. 7 is another flowchart for explaining a process to execute the display operations at the apparatus housing 1.

PROGRAM FOR TRANSFERRING DISPLAY INFORMATION

In the flowchart shown in Fig. 6, "1" is set into the display starting-line pointer (n) 171 employed in RAM 17 and the character pointer (p) 173 thereof so as to initialize this transfer program at a step A1. The display starting-line pointer (n) indicates the line number of which the information or characters are displayed on the first line of the display panel 12 when the actual display of the whole information becomes plural lines. The character point (p) indicates a position of the respective character data shown in Fig. 4. Subsequently, the display data transfer process is advanced to a step A2, the value "n" of the display starting-line pointer (n) 171, i.e., "1" in this stage, is written into the display line pointer (m) 172, and furthermore, "1" is written into the line position memory 182 for storing the line designation data (YI), so that a first line of the display unit 21 is designated. Next, this process is advanced to step A3, the value "p" of the character pointer (p) 173, i.e., "1" in this case, is written into the head character position buffer T(1). This implies that the buffer T(1) stores such that the head character of the first line corresponds to "N" of character strings "NUMBER". Also, "1" is written into the digit position memory 181 for storing the digit designation data (XI), whereby the first digit of first column is designated. Then, the process is advanced to a step A4 in which a judgment is made whether or not the character corresponding to the character pointer (p) 173 is equal to the line-feed code. In this case, since the first character of the display character data shown in Fig. 4 corresponds to "N", not to the line-feed code, the judgment result becomes "NO" and the process is advanced to a next step A5.
At this step A5, the p-th character code is written into the display character code register (CHR) 175 employed in RAM 17. Thereafter, the process is advanced to a step A6. In this step A6, a display BIOS program shown in Fig. 7 previously stored in ROM 16 of the apparatus housing 1 is executed.

DISPLAY BIOS PROGRAM

In a flowchart shown in Fig. 7, at a step B1, both the error flag memory (EX) 195 and error flag memory (EY) 196 are reset to "0".
Next, the program is advanced to a step B2 in which a check is made whether or not the digit designation data (XI) of the memory 181 is greater than the display digit number data (Xc). At this stage, since XI=1 and Xc=8 and therefore the judgment result is NO, the display process is advanced to a step B3. At this step B3, another judgment is made whether or not the line designation data (YI) of the memory 182 exceeds over the display line number data (Yc). At this stage, since YI=1 and Yc=3 and thus the judgment result become NO, the display process is advanced to a step B4. At this step B4, the dot pattern of the character data "N" which has been written into the display character code register (CHR) 175 is accordingly written into the memory area of VRAM 212 corresponding to a first digit position in a first line of the display panel 12, as represented in Fig. 8. Then, this display process is returned to the flowchart shown in Fig. 6. Assuming now that a judgment of either XI>Xc or XI>Yc is made at the step B2 or B3, this implies that the character to be displayed is written outside the display panel 12, so that an error flag is set at the step B5 or B6 and then the process is returned to the flowchart shown in Fig. 6.
In Fig. 6, the display process is returned to a step A7. At the step A7, judgment is made whether or not "1" has been set at the error flag memory (EY) 196. In this case, as "1" is not set and therefore the judgment result becomes NO, the process is advanced to a step A8. At the step A8, another check is made whether or not "1" has been set in the error flag memory (EX) 195. Similarly, since "1" is not set in this error flag memory (EX) 195 and thus the judgment result becomes NO, the process is advanced to a further step A9.
At this step A9, the content of the digit position memory 181 for storing the digit designation data (XI) is added by 1 so as to designate the next position along the X direction, and the character pointer (p) 173 is added by "1" so that the next character is designated.
Thereafter, the process is returned to the step A4. The processes as defined from the step A4 to step A9 are repeatedly executed with respect to each character of the remaining characters "UMBER". As a result, the dot pattern of "NUMBER" is written into VRAM 212 corresponding to the first display line.
When the character pointer (p) 173 takes "7" and the line-feed code
is designated, the judgment result becomes "YES" at the step A4, and the process is advanced to a step A10.
At this step A10, the character pointer (p) is set to "+1", namely "8", and thus the process is advanced to a step A11. At this step A11, both the line designation data (YI) and the display line pointer (m) are set to "+1" respectively. As a consequence, the character writing operation is moved to the second display line at the display panel 12. Then, the process is returned to the step A3.
At this step A3, the value "p" of the character pointer (p) 173, namely "8" in this stage, is written into the head character position buffer T(2) and such a memory content that the head character positioned at the second line corresponds to "0" is stored. Also, "1" is written into the digit position memory 181 for storing the digit designating data (XI) so as to designate the first digit of the display panel. As previously described, the various operations defined after the step A4 are performed.
When the steps A4 to A9 are repeatedly performed and "01234567" are written at the second line of the display, then "p" becomes 16, and the process is returned to the step A4. At this time, XI has become "9". Since a character "8" is desingated by the character pointer (p=16), the character code of "8" is written into CHR 175 at the step A5. However, at the step A6, that is to say, at the step B2 of the flowchart shown in Fig. 7, a judgment is made that XI=9>Xc=8, "1" is set to the error flag memory (EX) 195. Then, since at the step A8, a judgment result becomes YES, the process is advanced to a step A11. At this step A11, the line designation data (YI) of the memory 182 is added by "1" and thus the third line is designated. Furthermore, the content of the display line pointer (m) 172 is set to "+1˝ whereby "3" is written. The process is returned to the step A3, in which the value "p" of the character pointer 173, namely "16" is written as the character position information to the head character position buffer T(3). As a result, it is stored that the head character at the third line corresponds to charcter "8" and "1" is written into the digit position memory 181 for storing the digit designating data (XI) in order to designate the first digit. Then, similarly, the process operations defined after the steps A4 are performed.
After the processes defined at the steps A4 to A9 have been performed, the characters "8" and "9" are written at the third line. When the second line-feed code
is read by the character pointer 173 (p=18), the process is advanced to the steps A4, A10 and A11 so that "YI" is equal to "4". As a consequence, a judgment is made "YES" at the step B3 of the flowchart shown in Fig. 7, and then the process is advanced to the step B6 at which "1" is set into the error flag memory (EY) 196. Thus, at the step A7, a judgment is made "YES" and the process is advanced to a step A12. At this step A12, the character write operation is once stopped, the contents of VRAM 212 are displayed, and the key input is waited. At this time, the display screen is represented in Fig. 8.

SCROLL OPERATION

Then, when the key input operation is performed by operating the key unit 15, judgments are made whether or not the key "↑" 13a or key "↓" 13b among the cursor key 13 is operated at steps A13 and A14. It should be noted that unless the key operation is effected at the key input unit 15, this condition is maintained. When the key "↓" 13b is manipulated, a judgment result becomes "YES" at a step A14 and the process is advanced to a next step A15. At this step A15, the display starting-line pointer (n) 171 employed in RAM 17 is added by "1" and thus "2" is written. Then, the process is advanced to a step A16. At this step A16, the stored value "8" is read out from the head character position buffer T(2), and then set as the value "p" of the character pointer (p) 173. Subsequently, the process is returned to the previous step A2. At this step A2, the value "n" of the display starting-line pointer (n) 171, namely "2" in this stage, is written in the display line pointer (m) 172, "1" is written into the line position memory 182 for storing the line designating data (YI) so as to designate the first line of the display.
Thereafter, the processes as defined at the step A3 and also the suceeding steps are executed in the similar manner to the previous process operation. In other words, when the key "↓" 13b is manipulated, a screen with respect to the data display after the second line is newly performed. As a result, as represented in Fig. 9, a character "0" corresponding to "8" of the character point (p) 173 is displayed at a head position of the first line. Subsequently, the character is displayed on the display panel 12 constructed of 3 lines x 8 columns based upon the display character data shown in Fig. 4.
On the other hand, when the keys "↑" 13a is depressed, a judgment result is made "YES" at the step A13, and the process is advanced to a step A17. At this step A17, a check is made whether or not the content of the display starting-line pointer (n) 171 of RAM 17 corresponding to "1". If "n" is equal to "1", since no scroll is performed in the reverse direction, the process is returned to the step A2 to form the same display.
If "n" is equal to any numbers other than "1" and the judgment result is "NO", the process is advanced to a further step A18. At this step A18, the display starting-line pointer (n) 171 employed in RAM 17 is subtracted by 1. At this stage, assuming now that the content of the display starting-line pointer (n) becomes "2" by operating the key "↓", this content again becomes "1", which will be then written into the display starting-line pointer (n) 171. Subsequently, the process is advanced to a step A16, at which the value "1" of the head character position buffer (1) is set to the value "p" of the character pointer (P) 173. Under this state, the process is returned to the previous step A2. A display screen may be formed by scrolling the characters in the reverse direction after step A2.

B-TYPE DISPLAY OPERATION

Next, in case that another display unit capable of displaying 4 lines x 16 columns, i.e., B-type display (see Fig. 3) is used as the display panel 12 of the apparatus housing 1, (Xc) is set to "16" and (Yc) is set to "4". As a consequence, when the information shown in Fig. 4 is displayed on this B-type display unit, the various operations as defined in the same flowcharts as described above are executed, so that characters of "NUMBER" "0-9" "ALPHABET" and "A-P" are written in the respective lines after being processed by the line-feed codes, and finally displayed as shown in Fig. 10.
As a result of using this display system, even when the dimension of the display range for the display panel 12 is varied due to a modification of a sort of the display unit 21 employed in the apparatus housing 1, the characters from the IC card are written into the VRAM 212 while judging whether or not the display data exceeds over the display range of the display panel 12 based upon the display clumn number (Xc) and display line number (Yc), whereby the data display is performed by effectivley utilizing the overall screen (area) of the display panel 12. Therefore, the display range of the display unit can be effectively utilized and better display appearances of the data can be achieved even when the display range of the display panel is changed, as compared with the conventional display system in which the data are displayed on only a portion of the display unit when the display range thereof is varied.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments, but may be modified, substituted and changed without departing from the technical scope of the present invention.
In the above-described preferred embodiments, both the display column number (Xc) and display line number (Yc) were fixedly set in accordance with the display range of the display panel 12. Alternatively, these display number (Xc) and (Yc) may be set as variable numbers in case that, for instance, another display such as a function display other than the display information of the IC card is made in the display screen. That is to say, when the function display is effected as shown in Fig. 11, (Yc) is selected to be "2", whereas when the function display is erased, (Yc) is selected to be "3". As a consequence, the display may be changed without carrying out a specific operation at the IC card 4. It is also possible to apply the display method according to the present invention to any display units having dimensions other thna 3 lines x 8 columns and 4 lines x 16 columns.

Claims

An information processing system comprising a portable electronic appliance (1) and a memory device (4),
characterized in that
1) said portable electronic appliance (1) includes:
display means (21), having a display screen (12), capable of displaying a plurality of lines and also a plurality of characters thereon;
display memory means (212), having a memory capacity corresponding to a size of said display screen, for storing display data to be displayed on said display screen;
designating means (181, 182) for designating the position of said display memory means (212) in which data is written; and
memory means (191, 192) for storing information regarding the size of said display screen;

2) said memory device (4) includes:
memory means (31) for storing character information to be displayed on said display screen;
means (31, 14) for sequentially transferring the character information from said memory means (31) of said memory device (4) to said portable electronic appliance; and
writing position control means (31, 14) for sequentially updating the writing position of said display memory means (212) which is designated by said designating means (181, 182);

3) said portable electronic appliance (1) further includes:
writing means (18) for writing each of the character information from said memory device in the position of said display memory means (212) which is designated by said designating means (181, 182); and
detecting means (193, 194) for detecting that the writing position updated by said writing position control means (31, 14) exceeds a memory range corresponding to said display screen; and

4) said memory device (4) further includes:
control means (31, 14) for controlling the operation of said designating means and said writing means in accordance with the detection result of said detecting means.
An information processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that
said display means (21) includes a dot matrix type liquid crystal display device.
An information processing system according to claim 2, characterized in that
said memory device (4) includes a memory card device having an IC memory chip therein, and said portable electronic appliance (1) is equipped with a memory card device loading unit (5).
An information processing system according to claim 1,
characterized in that
said display memory means has a memory area consisting of a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns for storing display character data;
said designating means includes column designating means (181), having a column counter, for designating the column of said display memory means in accordance with the count value of said column counter, and row designating means (182) having a row counter for designating the row of said display memory means in accordance with the count value of said row counter;
said writing position control means (31, 14) includes means for updating said row and column counters of said row and column designating means;
said writing means (18) includes means for writing data in the memory area of said display memory means which is defined by the counter values of said row and column counter;
said detecting means (193, 194) includes means for detecting that the column count value of said column counter exceeds the number of columns of said display memory means and that the row count value of said row counter exceeds the number of rows thereof; and
said control means (31, 14) includes means for resetting said row counter and incrementing said column counter in response to detection of the column count value exceeding the number of columns, and means for stopping the writing operation of said writing means (18) in response to detection of that the row count value exceeding the number of rows.