EP0403038B1 - Method and apparatus for making dimensionally stable pressed articles - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for making dimensionally stable pressed articles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0403038B1
EP0403038B1 EP90250137A EP90250137A EP0403038B1 EP 0403038 B1 EP0403038 B1 EP 0403038B1 EP 90250137 A EP90250137 A EP 90250137A EP 90250137 A EP90250137 A EP 90250137A EP 0403038 B1 EP0403038 B1 EP 0403038B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dies
die
pressing
press
components
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP90250137A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0403038A3 (en
EP0403038A2 (en
Inventor
Gerd Dr.-Ing. Hinzmann
Norbert Dipl.-Ing. Nies
Siegfried Ing. Radewahn (Grad.)
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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Priority to AT90250137T priority Critical patent/ATE94464T1/en
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Publication of EP0403038A3 publication Critical patent/EP0403038A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/005—Control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Control Of Presses (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for making dimensionally stable pressed articles from pulverulent compositions, in particular from metal powder, on a press in a mould under the action of at least one lower die and one upper die, the position of the components carrying the dies and/or of the mould being measured relative to a fixed point and the components carrying the dies being moved, in each case, into a theoretical position relative to each other, these positions corresponding to the theoretical dimensions of the pressed article in the pressing direction, taking into account the lengths of the dies. In order to provide a method, and an apparatus for carrying out the method, by means of which the accuracy of the geometry of the pressed articles can be further improved, even in the case of pressed articles with a plurality of vertical steps, it is proposed that, in the final pressing position, the theoretical position of at least one of the components carrying the dies is corrected, in the pressing direction, by an amount which corresponds to the elastic deformation of the die or dies as a consequence of the action of the compressive force. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von maßhaltigen Preßlingen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie eine Vorrichtung zu dessen Durchführung.The invention relates to a method for producing dimensionally stable compacts according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for carrying it out.

Aus der DE-OS 29 24 704 ist eine Einrichtung an einer Presse zur Festlegung der Höhe von Preßlingen aus pulverförmigem Material bekannt, mit der Auswirkungen von Verformungen des Pressenrahmens während des Pressens im Hinblick auf die Genauigkeit des Preßlings eliminiert werden sollen. Hierzu wird vorgeschlagen, die an sich unbewegt bleibenden Teile eines Längenmeßsystems, mit dem die Positionen der die Preßstempel tragenden Teile des Preßwerkzeugs verfolgt werden, nicht am Pressenrahmen sondern an dem ortsfest bleibenden Teil des Preßwerkzeugs zu befestigen.From DE-OS 29 24 704 a device on a press for determining the height of compacts from powdered material is known, with the effects of deformations of the press frame during the pressing with regard to the accuracy of the compact are to be eliminated. For this purpose, it is proposed that the parts of a length measuring system that remain immobile, with which the positions of the parts of the press tool carrying the press rams are tracked, not attached to the press frame but to the part of the press tool that remains stationary.

Je höher die Anforderungen an die genaue Einhaltung der Geometrie eines Preßlings sind, umso gravierender wird der Störeinfluß, der durch die elastische Verformung der Preßstempel während des Pressens entsteht.The higher the requirements for the exact adherence to the geometry of a compact, the more serious is the interference caused by the elastic deformation of the press rams during pressing.

Bei einfachen Preßlingen (z.B. einfache Zylinderform) spielt dieser Effekt keine nennenswerte Rolle, da man die Preßwerkzeuge ohne Schwierigkeiten so steif bauen kann, daß keine nennenswerten elastischen Verformungen im vorgesehenen Preßkraftbereich auftreten. Bei komplizierteren Teilen mit mehreren Absätzen, für die z.B. Mehrplattenadaptorwerkzeuge eingesetzt werden, wie sie etwa aus der DE 31 42 126 C2 bekannt sind, ist die elastische Verformung der Stempel nicht mehr ohne weiteres zu vernachlässigen, weil die Werkzeugbauweise zumindest bei einzelnen Stempeln eine relativ dünnwandige, lange und schlanke Form erfordert. Ein solcher Stempel ist dann nicht mehr ein praktisch starrer Körper, sondern verformt sich, wie im Rahmen der Erfindung festgestellt wurde, unter Einwirkung der Preßkraft elastisch in einem durchaus bemerkenswerten Ausmaß.In the case of simple compacts (e.g. simple cylindrical shape), this effect does not play a significant role, since the pressing tools can be built so stiffly without difficulty that no appreciable elastic deformations occur in the intended pressing force range. For more complicated parts with multiple paragraphs, for which e.g. Multi-plate adapter tools are used, such as are known from DE 31 42 126 C2, the elastic deformation of the stamp can no longer be neglected, because the tool design requires a relatively thin-walled, long and slim shape, at least for individual stamps. Such a stamp is then no longer a practically rigid body, but, as has been found in the context of the invention, deforms elastically to a quite remarkable extent under the action of the pressing force.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu dessen Durchführung anzugeben, mit dem die Genauigkeit der Preßlingsgeometrie auch bei Preßlingen mit mehreren Höhenabsätzen weiter verbessert werden kann.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and an apparatus for carrying it out, with which the accuracy of the compact geometry can be further improved even in the case of compacts with several heels.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren, das mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 ausgestattet und durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 2 in vorteilhafter Weise ausgestaltbar ist. Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 3 gekennzeichnet und bevorzugt mit den zusätzlichen Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 4 ausgestattet.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method which is equipped with the features of patent claim 1 and can be configured in an advantageous manner by the features of patent claim 2. A device according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 3 and is preferably equipped with the additional features of claim 4.

Das der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Problem wäre von vornherein zu vermeiden, wenn man das Wegmeßsystem zur Feststellung der Lage eines Preßstempels in unmittelbarer Nähe der Preßfläche des Stempels anbringen würde, da dann nicht die Stempel, tragenden Bauteile (z.B. Stempelplatten) sondern die Preßflächen selbst in ihre jeweilige Sollposition gefahren und direkt meßtechnisch verfolgt werden könnten.The problem on which the invention is based would be avoided from the outset if the measuring system for determining the position of a press ram were to be installed in the immediate vicinity of the press surface of the ram, since then it would not be the rams, load-bearing components (for example ram plates) but the press areas themselves in their respective areas Target position driven and could be tracked directly by measurement.

Damit wären elastische Stempelverformungen völlig bedeutungslos. Aus baulichen Gründen ist man jedoch im allgemeinen nicht in der Lage, das Wegmeßsystem in dieser Weise zu befestigen. Erfindungsgemäß ist daher vorgesehen, die elastische Verformung der Preßstempel über eine direkte oder indirekte Messung der Preßkraft zu ermitteln und die relative Position gegenüberliegender Preßstempel in der Preßendstellung entsprechend dem/den ermittelten Verformungswert/en zu korrigieren. Die Sollpositionen der die Stempel tragenden Bauteile, an denen die beweglichen Teile des verwendeten Längenmeßsystems befestigt sind, ergeben sich dabei zunächst als vorläufige Werte entsprechend der Geometrie des zu erzeugenden Preßlings unter Berücksichtigung der Länge jedes einzelnen Stempels. Die Korrektur der Sollpositionen erfolgt dann in der Weise, daß die Preßflächen der Ober- und Unterstempel etwa um den Betrag der infolge Einwirkung der Preßkraft hervorgerufenen stärkeren oder schwächeren elastischen Einfederung des oder der Preßstempel näher bzw. weniger nah zusammengefahren werden. Die Korrekturwerte können dabei anhand der z.B. in Vorversuchen ermittelten Federkennlinie des jeweiligen Preßstempels und der während des Pressens gemessenen Preßkraft errechnet werden. Es ist nicht unbedingt erforderlich, diese Korrektur für alle Stempel durchzuführen. Bei einem Mehrstempelwerkzeug kann vielfach an solchen Stempeln, die relativ kurz und/oder dickwandig ausgebildet sind, wegen der nur geringfügigen elastischen Verformung, die ursprüngliche Sollposition unverändert bleiben, während lediglich der oder die Stempel mit einer weniger steifen Federkennlinie hinsichtlich ihrer Sollposition im erfindungsgemäßen Sinn korrigiert werden.This would make elastic stamp deformation completely meaningless. For structural reasons, however, it is generally not possible to attach the measuring system in this way. According to the invention, it is therefore provided to determine the elastic deformation of the press rams by means of a direct or indirect measurement of the press force and to correct the relative position of opposing press rams in the press end position in accordance with the determined deformation value (s). The desired positions of the components carrying the stamps, to which the movable parts of the length measuring system used are attached, initially result as preliminary values corresponding to the geometry of the compact to be produced, taking into account the length of each individual stamp. The correction of the desired positions is then carried out in such a way that the pressing surfaces of the upper and lower punches are moved closer or less closely together by approximately the amount of the stronger or weaker elastic deflection of the pressing die or the compression dies caused by the action of the pressing force. The correction values can be based on e.g. spring characteristics of the respective ram and the press force measured during pressing are determined in preliminary tests. It is not absolutely necessary to carry out this correction for all stamps. In the case of a multi-punch tool, the original target position can often remain unchanged on such punches that are relatively short and / or thick-walled because of the only slight elastic deformation, while only the punch or stamps corrected with a less rigid spring characteristic with regard to their desired position in the sense of the invention will.

Ein erheblicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist darin zu sehen, daß es in der Lage ist, Teile mit präziser Preßlingsgeometrie zu liefern, auch wenn die Preßkräfte und somit die Größe der elastischen Verformung der Preßstempel während der laufenden Produktion stärkeren Schwankungen unterliegen, die z.B. durch Veränderungen der Preßbarkeit des verwendeten Pulvers begründet sind.A significant advantage of the method according to the invention can be seen in the fact that it is able to deliver parts with a precise compact geometry, even if the pressing forces and thus the size of the elastic deformation of the press rams are subject to greater fluctuations during ongoing production, for example due to changes the pressability of the powder used are justified.

Anhand des in der einzigen Abbildung dargestellten einfachen Ausführungsbeispiels wird die Erfindung nachfolgend näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the simple exemplary embodiment shown in the single figure.

Das Bild zeigt schematisch einen Schnitt durch ein Preßwerkzeug in der Preßendstellung mit einem ringförmigen Preßling 1 aus Stahlpulver. Der Preßling 1, der von einer mantelförmigen Matrize 2 umgeben ist, weist im Querschnitt drei Stufen auf. Aus diesem Grunde sind zur Pulververdichtung drei koaxial ineinander geführte, unabhängig voneinander verfahrbare Unterstempel 3, 4, 5 vorgesehen, die die gestufte Unterseite formen, während die glattflächige Oberseite des Preßlings 1 von einem einzigen Oberstempel 6 geformt wird. Um eine exakte Preßlingsgeometrie zu erhalten, müssen in der Preßendstellung die Abstände der Preßflächen von Oberstempel 6 und den Unterstempeln 3, 4, 5 genau auf die Höhe der Preßlingsstufen eingestellt werden. Zu diesem Zweck sind Wegmeßsysteme vorgesehen, die schematisch als Maßstab 7 und Zeiger 8, 9, 10 dargestellt sind. Der Maßstab 7 ist starr mit dem den Unterstempel 5 tragenden Bauteil 11 verbunden, während die Zeiger 8, 9 und 10 in entsprechender Weise an die die Unterstempel 3 und 4 bzw. den Oberstempel 6 tragenden Bauteile 12 und 13 bzw. 14 angekoppelt sind. Da die Abstände der Zeiger 8, 9, 10 von der Preßfläche der Stempel 3, 4 und 6 sowie der Abstand der Preßfläche des Unterstempels 5 von dem Nullpunkt des Maßstabs 7 bekannt sind, können die Sollpositionen der Zeiger 8, 9 und 10 leicht ermittelt werden, bei denen die Abstände der Unterstempel 3, 4, 5 von Oberstempel 6 genau der Höhenstufung des Preßlings 1 entspricht. Allerdings handelt es sich noch um vorläufige Sollpositionen, da bei ihrer Ermittlung von theoretisch starren Preßstempeln 3, 4, 5, 6 ausgegangen wurde. Tatsächlich tritt jedoch eine elastische Verformung aller Stempel 3, 4, 5, 6 ein.The picture shows schematically a section through a press tool in the press end position with an annular compact 1 made of steel powder. The compact 1, which is surrounded by a jacket-shaped die 2, has three stages in cross section. For this reason, three coaxially guided, independently movable lower punches 3, 4, 5 are provided for powder compaction, which form the stepped underside, while the smooth surface of the compact 1 is formed by a single upper punch 6. In order to obtain an exact compact geometry, the distances between the press surfaces of the upper punch 6 and the lower punches 3, 4, 5 must be set exactly to the height of the compact steps in the press end position. For this purpose, measuring systems are provided, which are shown schematically as a scale 7 and pointers 8, 9, 10. The scale 7 is rigidly connected to the component 11 carrying the lower stamp 5, while the pointers 8, 9 and 10 are coupled in a corresponding manner to the components 12 and 13 and 14 carrying the lower stamp 3 and 4 or the upper stamp 6. Since the distances of the pointers 8, 9, 10 from the pressing surface of the punches 3, 4 and 6 and the distance of the pressing surface of the lower punch 5 from the zero point of the scale 7 are known, the desired positions of the pointers 8, 9 and 10 can be easily determined , in which the distances of the lower punches 3, 4, 5 from the upper punch 6 correspond exactly to the height gradation of the compact 1. However, these are still provisional target positions, since their determination was based on theoretically rigid press dies 3, 4, 5, 6. In fact, however, all the punches 3, 4, 5, 6 undergo elastic deformation.

Während in diesem Beispiel der Oberstempel 6 relative kurz und sehr massiv ausgeführt werden konnte, so daß dessen elastische Verformung praktisch vernachlässigt werden kann, sind die Verformungen der Unterstempel 3, 4, 5 wegen ihrer Baulänge und vergleichsweise dünnwandigen Ausführung zu beachten. Insbesondere der Unterstempel 5, in dessen Mitte noch ein Dorn 15 geführt ist, weist einen hohen Schlankheitsgrad auf.While in this example the upper punch 6 could be made relatively short and very solid, so that its elastic deformation can be practically neglected, the deformation of the lower punch 3, 4, 5 should be noted because of their overall length and comparatively thin-walled design. In particular, the lower punch 5, in the middle of which a mandrel 15 is guided, has a high degree of slenderness.

Zur Ermittlung der Verformungen werden daher mit nicht dargestellten Kraftmeßeinrichtungen, die z.B. als piezzoelektrischer Aufnehmer, Dehnungsmeßstreifen oder sonstiges Meßsystem ausgebildet sein können, die Preßkräfte an den Unterseiten der Unterstempel 3, 4, 5 gemessen. Eine nicht dargestellte elektronische Steuerung, der die gemessenen Werte zugeführt werden, errechnet daraus anhand der Federkennlinien der Unterstempel 3, 4, 5 die in Vorversuchen bestimmt oder berechnet wurden, die tatsächlich vorliegende Verformung der Unterstempel 3, 4, 5. Die vorläufigen Sollpositionen der Unterstempel 3, 4, 5 werden dann um diesen Verformungsbetrag korrigiert, d.h. die Preßkraft der Unterstempel 3, 4, 5 wird so lange erhöht, bis die Abstände der Preßflächen der Unterstempel 3, 4, 5 zu derjenigen des Oberstempels 6 unter Berücksichtigung der elastischen Stempelverformungen genau den gewünschten Höhenstufungen des Preßlings 1 entsprechen.To determine the deformations, force measuring devices (not shown), e.g. can be designed as a piezoelectric transducer, strain gauge or other measuring system, the pressing forces measured on the undersides of the lower punches 3, 4, 5. An electronic control (not shown), to which the measured values are fed, calculates the actual deformation of the lower punches 3, 4, 5 based on the spring characteristics of the lower punches 3, 4, 5 that were determined or calculated in preliminary tests. The provisional target positions of the lower punches 3, 4, 5 are then corrected by this amount of deformation, ie the pressing force of the lower punches 3, 4, 5 is increased until the distances between the pressing surfaces of the lower punches 3, 4, 5 and that of the upper punch 6, taking into account the elastic stamp deformations, correspond exactly to the desired height gradations of the compact 1.

Es ist grundsätzlich möglich, die Korrektur der Stempelsollpositionen jeweils erst im nächsten Preßzyklus vorzunehmen. Dies ergibt im Regelfall immer noch eine ausreichend genaue Preßlingsgeometrie, da die Störeinflüsse sich im allgemeinen nicht sprunghaft um größere Beträge verändern. Besonders vorteilhaft ist jedoch eine Regelung, die aufgrund der aktuell in demselben Preßzyklus gemessenen Preßkräfte erfolgt.It is fundamentally possible to correct the stamp set positions only in the next press cycle. As a rule, this still results in a sufficiently precise compact geometry, since the disturbing influences generally do not change suddenly by large amounts. However, a control that is based on the pressing forces currently measured in the same pressing cycle is particularly advantageous.

Claims (4)

  1. A method of producing pressed articles which are true to size from powdery substances, in particular from metal powder, on a press in a mould under the action of at least one respective lower and upper die, the position of the components which carry the dies and/or of the mould relative to a fixed point being measured and the die-carrying components being in each case run into a desired position with regard to one another, which positions, taking into account the lengths of the dies, correspond to the desired dimensions of the pressed article in the pressing direction, characterised in that in the final pressing position the desired position of at least one of the die-carrying components is corrected in the pressing direction by an amount which corresponds to the elastic deformation of the die or dies as a result of the effect of the pressing force.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the pressing force is measured at at least one of the dies during the pressing cycle and is utilised to calculate the corrected desired position in the same pressing cycle.
  3. A press for carrying out the method according to claim 1 with a mould (2), with at least one respective upper (6) and lower (3, 4, 5) die which are movable relative to one another, with measuring devices (7, 8, 9, 10) for ascertaining the position of components (11, 12, 13, 14) which are able to travel as a result of power means and which carry the dies (3, 4, 5, 6) and with an electronic control connected thereto in automatic control technology respects for the travel of the components (11, 12, 13, 14) which carry the dies (3, 4, 5, 6) and with at least one measuring device connected to the electronic control for the direct or indirect measurement of the pressing force at at least one of the dies (3, 4, 5, 6), characterised in that in the electronic control correction values for the elastic deformation of the die or dies (3, 4, 5, 6) which is brought about by the pressing force are retrievable or can be calculated with reference to the spring characteristic of the relevant die (3, 4, 5, 6).
  4. A press according to claim 3, characterised in that the measuring device is a piezoelectric pick-up or a wire strain gauge.
EP90250137A 1989-06-15 1990-05-28 Method and apparatus for making dimensionally stable pressed articles Expired - Lifetime EP0403038B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90250137T ATE94464T1 (en) 1989-06-15 1990-05-28 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MEASUREMENT PRESSINGS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3919821 1989-06-15
DE3919821A DE3919821C2 (en) 1989-06-15 1989-06-15 Method and device for producing dimensionally stable compacts

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0403038A2 EP0403038A2 (en) 1990-12-19
EP0403038A3 EP0403038A3 (en) 1991-03-27
EP0403038B1 true EP0403038B1 (en) 1993-09-15

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EP90250137A Expired - Lifetime EP0403038B1 (en) 1989-06-15 1990-05-28 Method and apparatus for making dimensionally stable pressed articles

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US (1) US5043111A (en)
EP (1) EP0403038B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0780073B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE94464T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3919821C2 (en)

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DE2924704A1 (en) * 1979-06-19 1981-01-15 Dorst Keramikmasch DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE HEIGHT OF PRESSED PARTS ON A PRESS, IN PARTICULAR FOR PRESSING PRESSED PARTS FROM POWDER-BASED INITIAL MATERIAL
JPS6045039B2 (en) * 1981-06-12 1985-10-07 株式会社ヨシツカ精機 Abnormality monitoring method in powder molding press
JPS57209798A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-12-23 Toyota Motor Corp Die position controlling device for liquid pressure type powder press
DE3142126A1 (en) * 1981-10-23 1983-05-11 Dorst-Keramikmaschinen-Bau Otto Dorst U. Dipl.-Ing. Walter Schlegel, 8113 Kochel "PRESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TAILORED PRESSINGS FROM POWDER-SHAPED MATERIAL"
JPS59183998A (en) * 1983-04-02 1984-10-19 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd Device for controlling powder molding press
SE460460B (en) * 1983-07-01 1989-10-16 Convey Teknik Ab PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR REGULATED PRESSURE OF POWDER MATERIAL
SE456458B (en) * 1983-07-12 1988-10-03 Nobel Elektronik Ab control loop
FR2570020B1 (en) * 1984-09-11 1988-07-22 Commissariat Energie Atomique AUTOMATIC PRESS
JPS63256296A (en) * 1987-04-13 1988-10-24 Hitachi Metals Ltd Nc mechanical press for powder molding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5043111A (en) 1991-08-27
ATE94464T1 (en) 1993-10-15
JPH0780073B2 (en) 1995-08-30
DE3919821A1 (en) 1990-12-20
JPH0318499A (en) 1991-01-28
DE59002707D1 (en) 1993-10-21
EP0403038A3 (en) 1991-03-27
DE3919821C2 (en) 1994-04-07
EP0403038A2 (en) 1990-12-19

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