EP0402844B1 - Arrangement at a hollow construction embedded in the ground for the transportation or storage of polluting liquids - Google Patents

Arrangement at a hollow construction embedded in the ground for the transportation or storage of polluting liquids Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0402844B1
EP0402844B1 EP90111057A EP90111057A EP0402844B1 EP 0402844 B1 EP0402844 B1 EP 0402844B1 EP 90111057 A EP90111057 A EP 90111057A EP 90111057 A EP90111057 A EP 90111057A EP 0402844 B1 EP0402844 B1 EP 0402844B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixture
ground
dry
grained portion
sealing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90111057A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0402844A2 (en
EP0402844A3 (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Walter Bau AG
Original Assignee
Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG filed Critical Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
Priority to AT90111057T priority Critical patent/ATE92132T1/en
Publication of EP0402844A2 publication Critical patent/EP0402844A2/en
Publication of EP0402844A3 publication Critical patent/EP0402844A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0402844B1 publication Critical patent/EP0402844B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
    • E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement on a hollow structure which is at least partially embedded in the ground or surrounded by the ground and has a wall which absorbs earth pressure for the transport and / or storage of environmentally hazardous substances, such as e.g. a sewage pipe, a light liquid separator, a heating oil tank or the like to protect the soil or groundwater against a possible leakage of liquid.
  • environmentally hazardous substances such as e.g. a sewage pipe, a light liquid separator, a heating oil tank or the like to protect the soil or groundwater against a possible leakage of liquid.
  • Pipes for sewage pipes are usually laid in the sand bed.
  • a sand bed provides the pipes with a full support while avoiding point storage. If leaks occur, the contaminated wastewater transported in these lines penetrates into the sand bed. Since sand has a very high permeability, the water in the sand bed is usually transported over great distances parallel to the pipeline at the interface with the often impermeable soil before it emerges into the ground transversely to the pipeline. So contamination of the groundwater can often occur at locations that are far away from the actual damage.
  • the invention has for its object to arrange a hollow structure of the type specified, in particular a sewage pipe with the associated inlet, shaft and other structures, a container or the like so that even the longitudinal, as well as the transverse spreading of leachate, but above all the penetration of pollutants into the surrounding soil with danger to the groundwater can be prevented in the long term.
  • this object is achieved in that the wall of the hollow structure in whole or in part, but at least in its base area, by a sealing layer with a high solid content from a non-hardening mixture of mineral sealing materials, in particular clay minerals, such as e.g. Montmorillonite, surrounded by minerals.
  • mineral sealing materials in particular clay minerals, such as e.g. Montmorillonite, surrounded by minerals.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to surround the hollow structure in question, at least in its base region, if not completely, by a sealing layer which has the highest possible resistance to the passage of pollutants, i.e. has a high solids content with a correspondingly low pore volume; the sealing layer must be flow and diffusion-tight and at the same time should have a sorbing effect for the pollutants, at least to prevent them from escaping into the ground.
  • the size of the laws of convection, diffusion and sorption can be described with sufficient accuracy by the permeability coefficient k f , the diffusion coefficient kJ and the sorption coefficient S. These factors are independent of the time, provided that mineral materials are used for the sealing layer, the durability of which is guaranteed over historical periods. It is therefore essential for the invention that mineral sealants, in particular clay minerals, such as montmorillonite, bentonite or the like, are used for this sealing layer, and that this layer is constructed and composed in such a way that the convection and diffusion through the layer are as small as possible and the sorption, that is, the accumulation capacity of the pollutants becomes as large as possible.
  • mineral sealants in particular clay minerals, such as montmorillonite, bentonite or the like
  • a sealing layer with a high solid content and the smallest possible pore volume, that is to say with a particularly tight storage of the sealant, as is essential for the invention, can best be produced. if the sealant is processed, mixed and installed dry and the water required for the functionality of the mixture as a sealing layer is subsequently added; the natural soil moisture is sufficient for this. This creates the prerequisite for the individual constituents of the mixture to be classified according to grain size and type of substance and then to be put together according to appropriate recipes. In this way, not only a particularly dense storage of the sealants, but also a composition of the same can be achieved both according to the grain size and according to the type that can be matched to a particular extent to any pollutants that may occur. With regard to the structure of the sealing layer, reference can be made to the content of DE 37 17 884 A1, and for the installation of the sealants to that of DE 37 17 885 A1.
  • the construction of the dry mixture from a fine and a coarse grain fraction is based on the unpublished patent application according to DE 38 23 874 C1.
  • Their basic idea is to dimension the structure of the coarse grain fraction in a mixture of two inherently stable components, namely a fine and a coarse grain fraction, so that the fine grain can penetrate into the free pore spaces as if it were a liquid with low compression energy. This is the case if the largest grain of the fine grain fraction is equal to or less than approximately one tenth of the smallest grain of the coarse grain fraction.
  • the total mixture is unstable with regard to the fine grain fraction. This allows filling of all pores of the grain structure up to close to the theoretical degree of sealing regardless of the delivery condition of the dry mixture.
  • This instability of the dry mix is the prerequisite for achieving great homogeneity and density in the final state; The mixture obtains its stability when moisture is added and the cohesion of the fine particles is awakened.
  • the coarse grain structure which can consist of one or more grain fractions, has a sufficiently large permeability for the fine grain and the volume of the fine grain fraction is equal or slightly larger is the pore volume of the coarse grain fraction.
  • the confluence of the two material components can be further improved by using materials in the fine grain fraction that have a particularly small internal friction angle, such as Montmorillonite.
  • the advantage of the invention is that it is possible by embedding the entire sewer system in such a sealing layer, even in the event of any damage to the pipeline itself, as well as to shaft structures, etc., both the longitudinal and also to prevent the cross-transport of any contaminated leachate to the surrounding soil. Even if small amounts of liquid should pass through the sealing layer over time, be it by convection or diffusion, the pollutants are retained in the sealing layer by sorption, so that there is no fear of any environmental degradation.
  • the impermeability of the layer increases over time, because the accumulation or deposition of the pollutants in the pore spaces previously occupied by pore water means that they are added over time.
  • the sealing layer according to the invention when installed in a dry state, similar to a sand bed, offers a full support for and embedding the pipelines. Since these are natural materials that occur in nature and do not change their properties in geological time periods, the system also lasts for such time periods.
  • the dry clay minerals When installing the sealing material in a dry state, the problem could arise that the dry clay minerals, be it from the ground or be it from precipitation, absorb moisture, thereby becoming sticky and adhering to the processing equipment.
  • a hydrophobizing agent e.g. Stearic acid can be used.
  • Such water repellents are expediently mixed in during the preparation of the dry mixture;
  • the components of this dry mixture have a very high internal friction, so that the added hydrophobizing agents are distributed relatively well and form a thin film on the surface of the individual grains. Since such hydrophobizing agents are generally organic compounds, they are broken down relatively quickly in the soil, so that the clay minerals can then absorb moisture.
  • the invention is of course not limited to use on sewage pipes, ie sewer systems, even if this is initially seen as an essential area of application. In the same way it is possible to store containers of any kind, shape and size for the storage of environmentally hazardous substances such as heating oil tanks, light liquid separators, sewage treatment plants etc. in the manner according to the invention or to envelop.
  • FIG. 1 A typical cross section through a pipeline designed according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the remaining area of the pipe trench 1 above the sealing layer 3 is filled in a manner known per se by a layer 4 of sand, gravel or the like.
  • the pipe trench 1 When laying the pipeline after the production of the pipe trench 1, it will first be filled up to a height h 1 with the material forming the sealing layer. The pipes 2 are then laid on the lower layer 3 'thus formed in a manner known per se. Thereafter, the pipe trench 1 is still filled with sealing material, which does not necessarily have to reach the height h 2 shown in FIG. 1; in many cases it is sufficient if the tube 2 is embedded in the sealing material only in its bottom region, for example up to its largest horizontal diameter. Of course, greater security offers full embedding.
  • the material for the formation of the sealing layer can basically be installed wet, damp or dry.
  • the pipes 2 When installing in the wet state, the pipes 2 must first be supported by spacers and later secured against floating. Dense storage of the sealing material with a high solid content, which is particularly important for the invention, can only be achieved if the sealing material is installed in a dry state.
  • the grain structure of the sealant must of course match the dimensions of the structure to be embedded, e.g. the pipe diameter.
  • the coarse grain fraction should consist of material with a grain size of 2 to 4 mm and the fine grain fraction should consist of material with a grain size of 0 to 0.2 mm.
  • Large pipes or containers can also be processed with larger grain sizes.

Abstract

In a hollow construction at least partly embedded in the ground or surrounded by the ground for the transportation or storage of polluting substances, such as, for example, in a drain channel, it is proposed to embed the wall of the hollow construction (2) in a sealing layer (3) of a non-setting mixture of mineral sealing materials, in particular clay materials such as, for example, montmorillonite, with the addition of mineral substances. In order to obtain as tight a storage of this layer as possible with a high solids content and small pore volume, it is furthermore proposed to pre-mix in the dry state the materials forming the sealing layer and to insert them as a dry mixture; the moisture required for the effectiveness of the mixture as a sealing layer is supplied after insertion. By such embedding of the hollow construction, it is possible, for example in sewage systems, to prevent polluting seepage water from being transported both longitudinally and transversely into the surrounding ground even at any damaged locations possibly occurring, which seepage water escapes through these damaged locations. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Anordnung an einem zumindest teilweise in den Erdboden eingebetteten bzw. vom Erdboden umgebenen Hohlbauwerk mit einer den Erddruck aufnehmenden Wandung zum Transport und/oder zur Lagerung umweltgefährdender Stoffe, wie z.B. eine Abwasserleitung, ein Leichtflüssigkeitsabscheider, ein Heizöltank oder dergleichen zum Schutz des Bodens oder des Grundwassers gegen einen eventuellen Austritt von Flüssigkeit.The invention relates to an arrangement on a hollow structure which is at least partially embedded in the ground or surrounded by the ground and has a wall which absorbs earth pressure for the transport and / or storage of environmentally hazardous substances, such as e.g. a sewage pipe, a light liquid separator, a heating oil tank or the like to protect the soil or groundwater against a possible leakage of liquid.

In Städten, Gemeinden und sonstigen kommunalen Verbänden sowie in Industrieanlagen treten in zunehmendem Maße Probleme mit schadhaft gewordenen Abwasserleitungen auf. In fast allen Städten weisen die Kanalisationssysteme, denen üblicherweise eine Lebensdauer von 50 bis 70 Jahren gegeben wird, Leckstellen auf, durch die mit Schadstoffen belastetes Abwasser in den Erdboden austreten und in das Grundwasser gelangen kann. Diese Schäden haben unterschiedliche Ursachen. Bei Rohrleitungen aus einzelnen Rohrschüssen können infolge von Ermüdungserscheinungen oder Montagefehlern bei den Dichtungsringen die Muffenverbindungen undicht werden. Infolge von Setzungserscheinungen oder ungleichmäßigen Belastungen können aber auch Brüche sowohl im Bereich der Muffenverbindungen, als auch an den Rohren selbst auftreten.In cities, municipalities and other municipal associations as well as in industrial plants, problems with damaged sewage pipes are becoming increasingly common. In almost all cities, the sewage systems, which are usually given a lifespan of 50 to 70 years, have leaks through which waste water contaminated with pollutants can escape into the ground and reach the groundwater. This damage has different causes. In the case of pipes made from individual pipe sections, the sleeve connections may leak as a result of fatigue or assembly errors in the sealing rings. As a result of settlement phenomena or uneven loads, breaks can also occur both in the area of the socket connections and on the pipes themselves.

Rohre für Abwasserleitungen werden üblicherweise im Sandbett verlegt. Ein Sandbett bietet den Rohren eine satte Auflage unter Vermeidung von Punktlagerungen. Beim Auftreten von Leckstellen dringt das in diesen Leitungen transportierte kontaminierte Abwasser in das Sandbett ein. Da Sand eine sehr große Durchlässigkeit hat, wird das Wasser in dem Sandbett meist an der Grenzfläche zu dem oft undurchlässigen Boden hin oft über große Entfernungen parallel zur Rohrleitung transportiert, bevor es quer zur Rohrleitung in den Erdboden austritt. So können Verunreinigungen des Grundwassers oft an Stellen auftreten, die von den eigentlichen Schadensstellen weit entfernt sind.Pipes for sewage pipes are usually laid in the sand bed. A sand bed provides the pipes with a full support while avoiding point storage. If leaks occur, the contaminated wastewater transported in these lines penetrates into the sand bed. Since sand has a very high permeability, the water in the sand bed is usually transported over great distances parallel to the pipeline at the interface with the often impermeable soil before it emerges into the ground transversely to the pipeline. So contamination of the groundwater can often occur at locations that are far away from the actual damage.

Bei der Neuanlage von Rohrleitungssystemen hat man schon versucht, eine größere Sicherheit dadurch zu erreichen, daß die Rohrleitungen doppelwandig ausgebildet bzw. Dichtungen doppelt vorgesehen werden (DE-Z "Korrespondenz Abwasser", 1/89, S. 49/50 und 55/56). Hiermit wird aber nur eine scheinbare Redundanz erreicht; wenn aufgrund äußerer Einflüsse ein Element versagt, dann ist das Versagen des anderen gleichartig ausgebildeten Elementes nur eine Frage der Zeit.When creating new piping systems, attempts have already been made to achieve greater security by designing the pipelines as double-walled or by providing double seals (DE-Z "Correspondence sewage", 1/89, pp. 49/50 and 55/56 ). However, this only achieves an apparent redundancy; if one element fails due to external influences, then the failure of the other element of the same design is only a matter of time.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Hohlbauwerk der eingangs angegebenen Art, insbesondere eine Abwasserleitung mit den dazugehörigen Einlauf-, Schacht- und sonstigen Bauwerken, einen Behälter oder dergleichen so anzuordnen, daß auch bei eventuell auftretenden Schadstellen sowohl die Längs-, als auch die Querausbreitung von Sickerflüssigkeit, vor allem aber das Eindringen von Schadstoffen in das umgebende Erdreich mit Gefährdung des Grundwassers auf lange Sicht verhindert werden.Against this background, the invention has for its object to arrange a hollow structure of the type specified, in particular a sewage pipe with the associated inlet, shaft and other structures, a container or the like so that even the longitudinal, as well as the transverse spreading of leachate, but above all the penetration of pollutants into the surrounding soil with danger to the groundwater can be prevented in the long term.

Nach der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Wandung des Hohlbauwerks ganz oder teilweise, zumindest aber in ihrem Sohlbereich von einer Dichtungsschicht mit hohem Feststoffanteil aus einer nicht erhärtenden Mischung aus mineralischen Dichtungsmaterialien, insbesondere Tonmineralien, wie z.B. Montmorillonit, unter Zusatz von Mineralstoffen umgeben ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the wall of the hollow structure in whole or in part, but at least in its base area, by a sealing layer with a high solid content from a non-hardening mixture of mineral sealing materials, in particular clay minerals, such as e.g. Montmorillonite, surrounded by minerals.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, das betreffende Hohlbauwerk zumindest in seinem Sohlbereich, wenn nicht vollständig von einer Dichtungsschicht zu umgeben, die einen möglichst hohen Widerstand gegen Schadstoffdurchtritt aufweist, d.h. einen hohen Feststoffanteil mit einem dementsprechend geringen Porenvolumen besitzt; die Dichtungsschicht muß strömungs- und diffusionsdicht sein und soll zugleich eine sorbierende Wirkung für die Schadstoffe haben, um zumindest diese am Austritt in den Erdboden zu hindern.The basic idea of the invention is to surround the hollow structure in question, at least in its base region, if not completely, by a sealing layer which has the highest possible resistance to the passage of pollutants, i.e. has a high solids content with a correspondingly low pore volume; the sealing layer must be flow and diffusion-tight and at the same time should have a sorbing effect for the pollutants, at least to prevent them from escaping into the ground.

Bestimmend fürden Stofftransport durch Böden sind im wesentlichen drei Einflußgrößen, nämlich die Konvektion, die Diffusion und die Sorption. Deren Zusammenwirken ist in Form einer allgemeinen Differentialgleichung für den Stofftransport bekannt:

Figure imgb0001
Three factors are decisive for the mass transport through soils, namely convection, diffusion and sorption. Their interaction is known in the form of a general differential equation for mass transport:
Figure imgb0001

Die Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Konvektion, Diffusion und Sorption lassen sich in ihrer Größe genügend genau durch den Durchlässigkeitsbeiwert kf, den Diffusionsbeiwert k.J und den Sorptionsbeiwert S beschreiben. Diese Beiwerte sind unabhängig von der Zeit, sofern für die Dichtungsschicht mineralische Werkstoffe verwendet werden, deren Beständigkeit über geschichtliche Zeiträume gesichert ist. Wesentlich für die Erfindung ist somit, daß für diese Dichtungsschicht mineralische Dichtstoffe, insbesondere Tonmineralien, wie Montmorillonit, Bentonit oder dergleichen verwendet werden und daß diese Schicht so aufgebaut und zusammengesetzt wird, daß die Konvektion und Diffusion durch die Schicht hindurch möglichst klein und die Sorption, d.h. die Anlagerungsfähigkeit der Schadstoffe möglichst groß werden.The size of the laws of convection, diffusion and sorption can be described with sufficient accuracy by the permeability coefficient k f , the diffusion coefficient kJ and the sorption coefficient S. These factors are independent of the time, provided that mineral materials are used for the sealing layer, the durability of which is guaranteed over historical periods. It is therefore essential for the invention that mineral sealants, in particular clay minerals, such as montmorillonite, bentonite or the like, are used for this sealing layer, and that this layer is constructed and composed in such a way that the convection and diffusion through the layer are as small as possible and the sorption, that is, the accumulation capacity of the pollutants becomes as large as possible.

Eine Dichtungsschicht mit hohem Feststoffanteil und möglichst geringem Porenvolumen, also mit besonders dichter Lagerung des Dichtstoffes, wie sie für die Erfindung wesentlich ist, läßt sich am besten herstellen, wenn der Dichtstoff trocken aufbereitet, gemischt und eingebaut sowie das für die Funktionsfähigkeit der Mischung als Dichtungsschicht erforderliche Wasser nachträglich zugeführt wird; die natürliche Bodenfeuchtigkeit reicht hierzu aus. Dies schafft die Voraussetzung dafür, daß die einzelnen Bestandteile der Mischung nach Korngröße und Stoffart klassifiziert und dann nach entsprechenden Rezepturen zusammengesetzt werden können. Auf diese Weise läßt sich nicht nur eine besonders dichte Lagerung der Dichtstoffe, sondern auch eine Zusammensetzung derselben sowohl nach der Korngröße, als auch nach der Art erreichen, die auf etwa auftretende Schadstoffe in besonderem Maße abgestimmt werden kann. Hinsichtlich des Aufbaus der Dichtungsschicht kann auf den Inhalt der DE 37 17 884 A1, hinsichtlich des Einbaus der Dichtstoffe auf denjenigen der DE 37 17 885 A1 zurückgegriffen werden.A sealing layer with a high solid content and the smallest possible pore volume, that is to say with a particularly tight storage of the sealant, as is essential for the invention, can best be produced. if the sealant is processed, mixed and installed dry and the water required for the functionality of the mixture as a sealing layer is subsequently added; the natural soil moisture is sufficient for this. This creates the prerequisite for the individual constituents of the mixture to be classified according to grain size and type of substance and then to be put together according to appropriate recipes. In this way, not only a particularly dense storage of the sealants, but also a composition of the same can be achieved both according to the grain size and according to the type that can be matched to a particular extent to any pollutants that may occur. With regard to the structure of the sealing layer, reference can be made to the content of DE 37 17 884 A1, and for the installation of the sealants to that of DE 37 17 885 A1.

Der Aufbau der Trockenmischung aus einem Fein- und einem Grobkornanteil schließlich baut auf der nicht vorveröffentlichten Patentanmeldung gemäß DE 38 23 874 C1 auf. Deren Grundgedanke besteht darin, bei einer Mischung aus zwei jeweils in sich stabilen Komponenten, nämlich einem Fein- und einem Grobkornanteil die Struktur des Grobkornanteils so zu dimensionieren, daß das Feinkorn gleichsam wie eine Flüssigkeit bei Anwendung geringer Verdichtungsenergie in die freien Porenräume eindringen kann. Dies ist dann der Fall, wenn das Größtkorn des Feinkornanteils gleich oder kleiner ist als etwa ein Zehntel des Kleinstkornes des Grobkornanteils. Die Gesamtmischung ist also, solange sie trocken ist, bezüglich des Feinkornanteils instabil. Damit läßt sich unabhängig von dem Anlieferungszustand der Trockenmischung ein Füllen aller Poren des Korngerüstes bis nahe an den theoretischen Dichtgrad erzielen. Diese Instabilität der Trockenmischung ist die Voraussetzung für die Erzielung großer Homogenität und Dichte im Endzustand; ihre Stabilität erhält die Mischung dann, wenn Feuchtigkeit hinzutritt und die Kohäsion der Feinanteile geweckt wird.Finally, the construction of the dry mixture from a fine and a coarse grain fraction is based on the unpublished patent application according to DE 38 23 874 C1. Their basic idea is to dimension the structure of the coarse grain fraction in a mixture of two inherently stable components, namely a fine and a coarse grain fraction, so that the fine grain can penetrate into the free pore spaces as if it were a liquid with low compression energy. This is the case if the largest grain of the fine grain fraction is equal to or less than approximately one tenth of the smallest grain of the coarse grain fraction. As long as it is dry, the total mixture is unstable with regard to the fine grain fraction. This allows filling of all pores of the grain structure up to close to the theoretical degree of sealing regardless of the delivery condition of the dry mixture. This instability of the dry mix is the prerequisite for achieving great homogeneity and density in the final state; The mixture obtains its stability when moisture is added and the cohesion of the fine particles is awakened.

Grundsätzlich ist eine Vielzahl von Mischungszusammensetzungen denkbar, die diesen Bedingungen genügen, solange nur die Voraussetzung erfüllt ist, daß das Grobkorngerüst, das aus einer oder mehreren Kornfraktionen bestehen kann, eine ausreichend große Durchlässigkeit für das Feinkorn aufweist und das Volumen des Feinkornanteils gleich oder etwas größer ist als das Porenvolumen des Grobkornanteils. Das Ineinanderfließen der beiden Stoffkomponenten kann noch dadurch verbessert werden, daß im Feinkornanteil Materialien verwendet werden, die einen besonders kleinen inneren Reibungswinkel aufweisen, wie z.B. Montmorillonit.In principle, a large number of mixture compositions are conceivable that meet these conditions, as long as the prerequisite is met that the coarse grain structure, which can consist of one or more grain fractions, has a sufficiently large permeability for the fine grain and the volume of the fine grain fraction is equal or slightly larger is the pore volume of the coarse grain fraction. The confluence of the two material components can be further improved by using materials in the fine grain fraction that have a particularly small internal friction angle, such as Montmorillonite.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß es mit einem derartigen Mischungsaufbau technisch gelingt, ein Porenvolumen von unter 15 % zu erzielen. Damit läßt sich sicherstellen, daß bei Einbau großer Mengen von Dichtungsmaterial unter Anwendung der üblichen Erdbaugeräte und unter Berücksichtigung der Streuung in der endgültigen Dichtungsschicht ein Porenvolumen von 25 bis 20 % erreicht werden kann.It has been shown that with such a mixture structure it is technically possible to achieve a pore volume of less than 15%. This ensures that when large quantities of sealing material are installed using the usual earthworks equipment and taking into account the scatter in the final sealing layer, a pore volume of 25 to 20% can be achieved.

Bei Anwendung der Erfindung auf eine Abwasserleitung besteht der Vorteil der Erfindung darin, daß es durch die Einbettung des gesamten Kanalisationssystems in eine derartige Dichtungsschicht gelingt, auch bei etwaigen Schadstellen sowohl an der Rohrleitung selbst, als auch an Schachtbauwerken usw. sowohl den Längs-, als auch den Quertransport etwa austretender kontaminierter Sickerwässer in den umgebenden Boden zu verhindern. Selbst wenn im Lauf der Zeit durch die Dichtungsschicht, sei es durch Konvektion, sei es durch Diffusion, geringe Mengen an Flüssigkeit hindurchtreten sollten, werden doch die Schadstoffe durch Sorption in der Dichtungsschicht zurückgehalten, so daß keine Beeinträchtigung der Umgebung zu befürchten ist. Die Dichtigkeit der Schicht nimmt mit der Zeit noch zu, da durch An- bzw. Ablagerung der Schadstoffe in den zuvor von Porenwasser besetzten Porenräumen diese mit der Zeit zugesetzt werden.When applying the invention to a sewage line, the advantage of the invention is that it is possible by embedding the entire sewer system in such a sealing layer, even in the event of any damage to the pipeline itself, as well as to shaft structures, etc., both the longitudinal and also to prevent the cross-transport of any contaminated leachate to the surrounding soil. Even if small amounts of liquid should pass through the sealing layer over time, be it by convection or diffusion, the pollutants are retained in the sealing layer by sorption, so that there is no fear of any environmental degradation. The impermeability of the layer increases over time, because the accumulation or deposition of the pollutants in the pore spaces previously occupied by pore water means that they are added over time.

Die erfindungsgemäße Dichtungsschicht bietet, wenn sie in trockenem Zustand eingebaut wird, ähnlich wie ein Sandbett, eine satte Auflagerung für die und Einbettung der Rohrleitungen. Da es sich um natürliche, also in der Natur vorkommende Materialien handelt, die ihre Eigenschaften in geologischen Zeiträumen nicht verändern, hat das System auch für solche Zeiträume Bestand.The sealing layer according to the invention, when installed in a dry state, similar to a sand bed, offers a full support for and embedding the pipelines. Since these are natural materials that occur in nature and do not change their properties in geological time periods, the system also lasts for such time periods.

Beim Einbau des Dichtungsmaterials in trockenem Zustand könnte das Problem auftreten, daß die trockenen Tonmineralien, sei es aus dem Boden, sei es aus Niederschlägen, Feuchtigkeit aufnehmen, dadurch klebrig werden und an den Bearbeitungsgeräten anhaften. Um dieser Gefahr zu begegnen, kann es vorteilhaft sein, die trockenen Bestandteile der Mischung hydrophob, d.h. wasserabweisend, auszurüsten. Als Hydrophobiermittel könnte z.B. Stearinsäure verwendet werden. Solche Hydrophobiermittel werden zweckmäßigerweise bereits bei der Herstellung der Trockenmischung eingemischt; die Bestandteile dieser Trockenmischung haben eine sehr große innere Reibung, so daß die zugegebenen Hydrophobiermittel relativ gut verteilt werden und auf der Oberfläche der einzelnen Körner einen dünnen Film bilden. Da es sich bei solchen Hydrophobiermitteln in der Regel um organische Verbindungen handelt, werden diese im Boden relativ rasch abgebaut, so daß die Tonmineralien danach Feuchtigkeit aufnehmen können.When installing the sealing material in a dry state, the problem could arise that the dry clay minerals, be it from the ground or be it from precipitation, absorb moisture, thereby becoming sticky and adhering to the processing equipment. To counter this risk, it may be advantageous to make the dry components of the mixture hydrophobic, i.e. water repellent, equip. As a hydrophobizing agent e.g. Stearic acid can be used. Such water repellents are expediently mixed in during the preparation of the dry mixture; The components of this dry mixture have a very high internal friction, so that the added hydrophobizing agents are distributed relatively well and form a thin film on the surface of the individual grains. Since such hydrophobizing agents are generally organic compounds, they are broken down relatively quickly in the soil, so that the clay minerals can then absorb moisture.

Die Erfindung ist selbstverständlich nicht auf die Anwendung auf Abwasserleitungen, also Kanalisationssysteme beschränkt, selbst wenn das zunächst als wesentliches Einsatzgebiet gesehen wird. Es ist in gleicher Weise möglich, Behälter beliebiger Art, Form und Größe zur Lagerung umweltgefährdender Stoffe, wie z.B. Heizöltanks, Leichtflüssigkeitsabscheider, Kläranlagen usw. in der erfindungsgemäßen Weise zu lagern bzw. zu umhüllen.The invention is of course not limited to use on sewage pipes, ie sewer systems, even if this is initially seen as an essential area of application. In the same way it is possible to store containers of any kind, shape and size for the storage of environmentally hazardous substances such as heating oil tanks, light liquid separators, sewage treatment plants etc. in the manner according to the invention or to envelop.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in derZeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäß gebettete Rohrleitung mit kreisrundem Querschnitt,
  • Fig. 2 einen der Fig. 1 entsprechenden Querschnitt durch eine Rohrleitung mit unten abgeplattetem Querschnitt und
  • Fig. 3 einen Ausschnitt aus einem Längsschnitt durch eine Rohrleitung mit einem Schachtbauwerk.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. It shows
  • 1 shows a cross section through a pipeline embedded according to the invention with a circular cross section,
  • Fig. 2 is a cross section corresponding to FIG. 1 through a pipeline with a cross section flattened below and
  • Fig. 3 shows a detail from a longitudinal section through a pipe with a shaft structure.

Ein typischer Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Rohrleitung ist in Fig. 1 dargestellt. Das in an sich bekannter Weise in einem Rohrgraben 1 angeordnete Rohr 2, z.B. aus Steinzeug, Eternit oder Stahlbeton, ist hier vollständig von einer Dichtungsschicht 3 mit hohem Feststoffanteil aus mineralischen Dichtungsmaterialien, wie z.B. Montmorillonit, eingebettet. Der restliche Bereich des Rohrgrabens 1 oberhalb der Dichtungsschicht 3 ist in an sich bekannter Weise durch eine Schicht 4 aus Sand, Kies oder dergleichen aufgefüllt.A typical cross section through a pipeline designed according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1. The pipe 2 arranged in a pipe trench 1 in a manner known per se, e.g. made of stoneware, eternit or reinforced concrete, is here completely made of a sealing layer 3 with a high solid content made of mineral sealing materials, such as e.g. Montmorillonite, embedded. The remaining area of the pipe trench 1 above the sealing layer 3 is filled in a manner known per se by a layer 4 of sand, gravel or the like.

Üblicherweise wird man beim Verlegen der Rohrleitung nach Herstellung des Rohrgrabens 1 diesen zunächst bis zu einer Höhe h1 mit dem die Dichtungsschicht bildenden Material füllen. Auf die so gebildete untere Schicht 3' werden dann in an sich bekannter Weise die Rohre 2 verlegt. Danach wird der Rohrgraben 1 weiterhin mit Dichtmaterial gefüllt, das aber nicht unbedingt bis zu der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Höhe h2 reichen muß; in vielen Fällen reicht es aus, wenn das Rohr 2 nur in seinem Sohlbereich, etwa bis zu seinem größten horizontalen Durchmesser in das Dichtungsmaterial eingebettet ist. Größere Sicherheit bietet selbstverständlich eine vollständige Einbettung.Usually, when laying the pipeline after the production of the pipe trench 1, it will first be filled up to a height h 1 with the material forming the sealing layer. The pipes 2 are then laid on the lower layer 3 'thus formed in a manner known per se. Thereafter, the pipe trench 1 is still filled with sealing material, which does not necessarily have to reach the height h 2 shown in FIG. 1; in many cases it is sufficient if the tube 2 is embedded in the sealing material only in its bottom region, for example up to its largest horizontal diameter. Of course, greater security offers full embedding.

Das Material für die Bildung der Dichtungsschicht kann grundsätzlich naß, feucht oder trocken eingebaut werden. Bei einem Einbau in nassem Zustand müssen die Rohre 2 zunächst durch Abstandhalter unterstützt und späterhin gegen etwaiges Aufschwimmen gesichert werden. Eine für die Erfindung in besonderem Maße wichtige dichte Lagerung des Dichtmaterials mit hohem Feststoffanteil läßt sich nur dann erreichen, wenn das Dichtmaterial in trockenem Zustand eingebaut wird.The material for the formation of the sealing layer can basically be installed wet, damp or dry. When installing in the wet state, the pipes 2 must first be supported by spacers and later secured against floating. Dense storage of the sealing material with a high solid content, which is particularly important for the invention, can only be achieved if the sealing material is installed in a dry state.

Der Kornaufbau des Dichtstoffes muß selbstverständlich auf die Abmessungen des einzubettenden Bauwerks, also z.B. den Rohrdurchmesser, abgestimmt werden. So sollte bei Rohren geringerer bis mittlerer Durchmesser der Grobkornanteil aus Material der Korngrößen 2 bis 4 mm und der Feinkornanteil aus Material der Korngrößen 0 bis 0,2 mm bestehen. Bei Großrohren oder Behältern kann auch Material höherer Korngrößen verarbeitet werden.The grain structure of the sealant must of course match the dimensions of the structure to be embedded, e.g. the pipe diameter. For pipes with small to medium diameters, the coarse grain fraction should consist of material with a grain size of 2 to 4 mm and the fine grain fraction should consist of material with a grain size of 0 to 0.2 mm. Large pipes or containers can also be processed with larger grain sizes.

Da der trockene Dichtstoff einen verhältnismäßig großen Winkel Phi der inneren Reibung hat, ist es trotz geringer Korngrößen bei kreisrunden Rohren, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, oft schwierig, die nach dem Auflegen der Rohre auf die untere Dichtungsschicht 3' entstehenden Zwickel satt auszufüllen. In diesem Fall ist es, wie Fig. 2 erkennen läßt, zweckmäßig, Rohre 2' mit etwa Ei-förmigem, an der Unterseite abgeplattetem Querschnitt zu verwenden. Der Winkel, den die schrägen Außenflächen 5 mit der horizontalen Grundfläche 6 einschließen, soll dann gleich oder größer sein als der Winkel Phi der inneren Reibung. Auf diese Weise wird eine satte Ausfüllung der Zwickel erreicht.Since the dry sealant has a relatively large angle Phi of the internal friction, it is often difficult, despite the small grain sizes in the case of circular tubes, as shown in FIG. 1, to fill in the gusset formed after the tubes have been placed on the lower sealing layer 3 '. In this case, as can be seen in FIG. 2, it is expedient to use tubes 2 'with an approximately egg-shaped cross section flattened on the underside. The angle which the inclined outer surfaces 5 form with the horizontal base surface 6 should then be equal to or greater than the angle Phi of the internal friction. In this way, a full filling of the gusset is achieved.

Nach der Erfindung ist natürlich nicht nurvorgesehen, die Rohrleitungen in ihrem normalen Verlauf in eine Dichtungsschicht einzubetten; von der Dichtungsschicht müssen selbstverständlich auch sonstige Bauwerke im Verlauf der Kanalisation, wie z.B. Kanalschächte, umfaßt werden. Dies zeigt ein teilweiser Längsschnitt durch eine Rohrleitung gemäß Fig. 3. Die Rohrleitung 2 mündet hier in einen Kanalschacht 7, dessen Sohle 8 etwas tiefer liegt als die Sohle 9 der Rohrleitung 2; der Rohrgraben 1 muß deshalb an dieser Stelle etwas vertieft werden (1'), um auch die Sohle 8 des Kanalschachtes 7 mit der entsprechenden Dicke in die Dichtungsschicht 3 einzubetten.According to the invention, of course, it is not only intended to embed the pipes in their normal course in a sealing layer; Of course, other structures in the course of the sewage system, e.g. Canal shafts are included. This is shown in a partial longitudinal section through a pipeline according to FIG. 3. The pipeline 2 opens into a duct 7, the bottom 8 of which is somewhat lower than the bottom 9 of the pipeline 2; The pipe trench 1 must therefore be deepened somewhat at this point (1 ') in order to also embed the base 8 of the manhole 7 with the appropriate thickness in the sealing layer 3.

In den Zeichnungen sind nur Ausführungsbeispiele dargestellt, bei denen der Rohrgraben 1 vollständig, d.h. auf seine gesamte Breite mit Dichtungsmaterial ausgefüllt ist. Bei besonders breiten Rohrgräben oder um an Material zu sparen, ist es auch möglich, zum Einbau des Dichtungsmaterials verlorene oder verschiebbare Schalungen zu verwenden, mit denen absatzweise oder kontinuierlich gearbeitet wird.In the drawings, only exemplary embodiments are shown in which the pipe trench 1 is complete, i.e. is filled with sealing material over its entire width. In the case of particularly wide pipe trenches or to save material, it is also possible to use lost or displaceable formwork for installing the sealing material, with which work is carried out batchwise or continuously.

In gleicher Weise erscheint es auch möglich, Rohrleitungen in erfindungsgemäßer Weise zu umhüllen, die nicht in offener Baugrube, sondern im unterirdischen Vortrieb hergestellt werden. Hier kann auf an sich bekannte Verfahren zurückgegriffen werden, bei denen zunächst ein Vortriebsrohr vorgetrieben wird, in das dann nachträglich ein Produktrohr eingezogen wird, das einen geringeren Durchmesser aufweist als das Vortriebsrohr. Während das Vortriebsrohr im Boden verbleiben oder auch gezogen werden kann, wird der Ringraum zwischen dem Produktrohr und dem Vortriebsrohr in erfindungsgemäßer Weise mit Dichtmaterial ausgefüllt.In the same way, it also appears possible to sheath pipelines in the manner according to the invention, which are not produced in an open excavation pit, but in underground tunneling. Here, methods known per se can be used, in which a jacking pipe is first driven, into which a product pipe is then subsequently drawn which has a smaller diameter than the jacking pipe. While the jacking pipe remains in the ground or can also be pulled, the annular space between the product pipe and the jacking pipe is filled with sealing material in the manner according to the invention.

Claims (5)

1. Arrangement on a hollow structure (2, 7) at least partially embedded in the ground or surrounded by the ground, with a wall absorbing the earth pressure, for the transport and/or the storage of environmentally hazardous substances, such as e.g. a sewage pipe, a petrol trap, a fuel oil tank or similar, for protecting the ground or the ground water against a possible escape of liquid, characterised in that the wall of the hollow structure (2, 7) is surrounded wholly or partly, but at least in its bottom region, by a sealing bed (3) with high solids content consisting of a non-setting mixture of mineral sealing materials, in particular clay minerals, such as e.g. montmorillonite, with the addition of mineral substances.
2. Dry mixture for producing a sealing bed according to claim 1 in such a way that the materials forming the sealing bed are pre-mixed in the dry state and placed as a dry mixture and that the moisture required for the mixture to be effective as a sealing bed is supplied after placement, characterised in that the mixture consists of a fine- and a coarse-grained portion, where the volume of the fine-grained portion is equal to or greater than the pore volume of the coarse-grained portion and the maximum grain size of the fine-grained portion is equal to or smaller than about 1/10 of the minimum grain size of the coarse-grained portion.
3. Dry mixture according to claim 2, characterised in that the coarse-grained portion of the mixture comes to about 60% and preferably consists of material of the grain sizes 2 to 4 mm and the fine-grained portion comes to about 40% and preferably consists of material of the grain sizes 0 to 0.2 mm.
4. Dry mixture according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the mixture contains, in the form of admixtures, materials which are capable of retaining, by physical and/or chemical adsorption, pollutants contained in liquids passing for instance through the wall of the structure.
5. Dry mixture according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the ingredients of the mixture are endowed with hydrophobic properties at least up to their placement.
EP90111057A 1989-06-15 1990-06-12 Arrangement at a hollow construction embedded in the ground for the transportation or storage of polluting liquids Expired - Lifetime EP0402844B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90111057T ATE92132T1 (en) 1989-06-15 1990-06-12 ARRANGEMENT ON A BUILDING STRUCTURE EMBEDDED IN THE GROUND FOR THE TRANSPORTATION AND/OR STORAGE OF ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3919539A DE3919539A1 (en) 1989-06-15 1989-06-15 HOLLOW CONSTRUCTION FOR TRANSPORT AND / OR STORAGE OF ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
DE3919539 1989-06-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0402844A2 EP0402844A2 (en) 1990-12-19
EP0402844A3 EP0402844A3 (en) 1991-02-06
EP0402844B1 true EP0402844B1 (en) 1993-07-28

Family

ID=6382780

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90111057A Expired - Lifetime EP0402844B1 (en) 1989-06-15 1990-06-12 Arrangement at a hollow construction embedded in the ground for the transportation or storage of polluting liquids

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0402844B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE92132T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3919539A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE429546T1 (en) * 2006-12-19 2009-05-15 Matthaei Bauunternehmen Gmbh & SELF-SEALING MATERIAL FOR SEALING FLOOR SURFACES

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4439062A (en) * 1981-12-21 1984-03-27 American Colloid Co. Sealing system and method for sealing earthen containers
AT387343B (en) * 1987-04-09 1989-01-10 Franz Dipl Ing Hippmann SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DEPOSITING AND STORING WASTE, WASTE AND THE LIKE
DE3717885C3 (en) * 1987-05-27 1994-12-15 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Method and device for producing a sealing layer from mineral sealing materials
DE8804832U1 (en) * 1988-04-13 1988-05-26 Preussag Ag Bauwesen, 3005 Hemmingen, De
DE3823874C1 (en) * 1988-07-14 1989-11-16 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De Dry mixture for producing a flat-spread sealing layer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3919539A1 (en) 1990-12-20
DE59002076D1 (en) 1993-09-02
EP0402844A2 (en) 1990-12-19
ATE92132T1 (en) 1993-08-15
EP0402844A3 (en) 1991-02-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0292941B1 (en) Arrangement for retaining contaminants from contaminated landfill leachates with an inorganic sealing layer and method of manufacturing said layer
DE60120152T2 (en) METHOD FOR TREATING A CONTAMINATED MATERIAL
DE3505687A1 (en) SEALING SCREEN FOR DEPONIES
DE3445127C2 (en)
DE3904930A1 (en) WASTEWATER CLEANING DEVICE
DE4425061C1 (en) Permeable treatment bed for cleaning contaminated groundwater flows in situ
DE4216473A1 (en) Contaminated ground sealing - by injecting montan wax emulsion to form sealing layers to prevent escape of toxic material
EP0402844B1 (en) Arrangement at a hollow construction embedded in the ground for the transportation or storage of polluting liquids
EP0204895B1 (en) Container for dumpable wastes
DE3502980C2 (en)
DE3539193A1 (en) Sealing cover for landfill sites
DE4400183A1 (en) Hexagonal drainage elements assembled as drainage lining for open refuse tip
DE202011050243U1 (en) Implementation for a building envelope
DE4116096C2 (en) Security procedures for contaminated sites in the form of an inclined, circumferential, trough-shaped sealing bowl, which is subsequently created as a seal
DE102011121901B4 (en) A method of cleaning a contaminated soil and an assembly of replacement columns
DE3714664A1 (en) Vertical sealing wall for landfill sites
DE19647901C2 (en) Procedure for preventing or reducing the discharge of pollutants from landfills
DE2653342A1 (en) METHOD FOR PREVENTING LEAK DAMAGE FROM SUB-GROUND CONTAINERS, IN PARTICULAR OIL CONTAINERS
AT388587B (en) Shaft structure for waste dumps
DE19936168B4 (en) Filter concrete gate
DE102021005970A1 (en) Multi-stage treatment plant for rainwater
DE4314369C2 (en) Landfill sealing
DE102013014923A1 (en) Method for preventing the introduction of liquid pollutants into the ground
DE4000981A1 (en) Adsorbent carbon in combined plastic or mineral tip support - purifies ascending or descending seeping contaminant
DE202021004321U1 (en) Renovation element for external drying and full protection of building walls in the ground

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT DE FR LU NL

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT DE FR LU NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19910208

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19920128

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT DE FR LU NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 92132

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19930815

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59002076

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19930902

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19990505

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19990616

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19990621

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19990622

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000612

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000612

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010101

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010228

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20010101

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20050728

Year of fee payment: 16

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070103