EP0399994B1 - Device for controlling the secondary air supply of a burner, especially of a heater - Google Patents

Device for controlling the secondary air supply of a burner, especially of a heater Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0399994B1
EP0399994B1 EP90890151A EP90890151A EP0399994B1 EP 0399994 B1 EP0399994 B1 EP 0399994B1 EP 90890151 A EP90890151 A EP 90890151A EP 90890151 A EP90890151 A EP 90890151A EP 0399994 B1 EP0399994 B1 EP 0399994B1
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Prior art keywords
combustion section
primary
combustion
region
secondary air
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EP90890151A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0399994A2 (en
EP0399994A3 (en
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Werner Atzenhofer
Klaus Mandl
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06Ventilators at the air intake
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00Controlling
    • F23N2237/16Controlling secondary air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling the secondary air supply for a furnace, in particular a boiler, with a primary combustion path and a secondary combustion path downstream of the secondary air supply, a measuring device for a parameter dependent on the quality of combustion in the area of the secondary combustion path and with a control device for the secondary air supply as a function of the actual value of the parameter, as is known for example from US-A-4 457 692.
  • the measuring device consists of a pair of electrodes for detecting the electrical conductivity of the flame or the combustion gases in the region of the secondary combustion path, that a further measuring device with a pair of electrodes for detecting the electrical conductivity of the flame or the combustion gases in the Area of the primary combustion path is provided and that the control device comprises a target value specification for the secondary combustion path dependent on the detected conductivity in the region of the primary combustion path with a stored association between the guide values in the area of the primary combustion path and the target values for the secondary combustion path.
  • This ratio between the conductance values occurring in the area of the primary and secondary combustion zone during an optimized combustion process can be empirically determined in a series of tests for different conditions in the area of the primary combustion zone for a particular furnace and then specified to the control devices for such a furnace, because yes if the geometric conditions remain the same, do not change the conductance ratios under certain combustion conditions.
  • the guide values assigned to the guide values in the area of the primary combustion section in a test series in the area of the secondary combustion section thus provide as setpoints for the secondary combustion section A comparison of the target and actual values following an intervention in the secondary air supply ensures that the optimal combustion conditions specified in the test series are safe even with subsequent burns.
  • the electrodes of each of the two measuring devices which are connected to an electrical bias, can be connected in series with an ohmic resistance, the voltage drop being present in the area of the primary and / or the secondary combustion path for the detection of the conductivity this resistance is measured.
  • the two measuring devices can each have separate electrodes. Particularly simple constructional relationships result, however, if the grate of the furnace forms at least one of the two electrodes for the measuring device assigned to the primary combustion path.
  • the electrical conductivity in the area of the secondary combustion section can also be detected via a pair of electrodes, one electrode of which is arranged at the beginning of the primary combustion section and the other electrode at the end of the secondary combustion section, because the conductivity of the primary combustion section is recorded separately, it is also possible to use the Use the grate of the furnace as an electrode for both measuring devices.
  • the regulation of the secondary air supply as a function of the ratio of the electrical conductance values in the area of the primary and the secondary combustion path also allows the combustion conditions that change with the fuel to be taken into account when determining the ratio of the conductance values required for optimal combustion for these different fuels.
  • the control device can set a switchable setpoint for at least two different fuels with the assignments empirically determined for these fuels have the guide values in the area of the primary combustion section and the target values for the secondary combustion section. When using one of these fuels, it is only necessary to switch the setpoint specification for the control device to this fuel in order to be able to take the fuel-specific combustion conditions into account when regulating the secondary air supply.
  • the electrical conductance values are recorded in the area of the primary combustion section 2 and in the area of the secondary combustion section 3, with the aid of one measuring device 12 or 13 with two electrodes 14, 15 or 16, 15 as shown in the drawing can be used according to the embodiment of the grate 6 as a common electrode 15 for both measuring devices 12 and 13, but this need not be the case.
  • the electrodes 14, 15 and 16, 15 are each connected to a voltage source 17 and are connected in series with an ohmic resistor 18, the voltage drop across the ohmic resistor 18 being detected by a transducer 19 and being forwarded to an averager 20, which generates the averaged measured values over a predetermined period of time in order to be able to compensate for short-term fluctuations.
  • the control device 11 While the averaged measured value of the measuring device 19 for detecting the conductance in the area of the secondary combustion section 3 is supplied as the actual value to the control device 11, the averaged measured value of the conductivity in the area of the primary combustion section is used to determine the setpoint for the secondary combustion section 3 to be specified for the control adjustment.
  • the control device 11 is assigned a setpoint specification 21, in which a specific assignment between the conductivity in the area of the primary combustion section 2 and the setpoint value of the conductivity for the secondary combustion section 3 is stored via an input 22, in order to use the mean value of the conductivity present via the input 23 the primary combustion zone 2 to be able to read out the stored setpoint value assigned to this mean value to the control device 11 as a reference variable.
  • This assignment between the guide values of the primary and the secondary combustion section is recorded for a certain furnace in a series of tests in which at different combustion conditions in the area of the primary combustion section 2, the secondary air supply is set so that advantageous results are achieved with regard to the pollutant content and the efficiency, the temperature, the excess air, the pollutant content and the like being set for this setting.
  • the secondary air supply is set so that advantageous results are achieved with regard to the pollutant content and the efficiency, the temperature, the excess air, the pollutant content and the like being set for this setting.
  • Like. Can be measured in the region of the secondary combustion section 3.
  • the electrical conductivity in the area of the secondary combustion section 3 is then measured for the cheapest combustion set in each case and assigned to the conductivity in the area of the primary combustion section, so that after the storage of this assignment in the setpoint specification 21 when certain combustion conditions characterized by a conductance occur in the range of Primary combustion section 2, the secondary air supply can be readjusted on the basis of the setpoint value assigned to this conductance for the secondary combustion section in accordance with the empirically determined, cheapest combustion. If the use of different fuels is to be expected, the ratio of the guide values in the area of the primary and secondary combustion sections can also be adapted and stored to different fuels by means of appropriate test series. When changing the fuel in this case, only the setpoint specification 21 needs to be switched accordingly.

Abstract

For controlling the secondary air supply of a burner with a primary combustion section (2) and a downstream secondary combustion section (3) following the secondary air supply, the electrical conductivity of the flame or of the combustion gases is detected in each case via a measuring device (12 or 13) on the one hand in the region of the primary combustion section (2) and on the other hand in the region of the secondary combustion section (3), the measured guide value in the region of the secondary combustion section (3) being supplied to a control device (11) as the actual value for a control adjustment, the desired value of which is selected, depending upon the detected guide value in the region of the primary combustion section (2), from a stored correlation between these guide values and the desired values for the secondary combustion section (3).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Sekundärluftzufuhr für eine Feuerung, insbesondere eines Heizkessels, mit einer Primärverbrennungsstrecke und einer nachgeordneten Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke im Anschluß an die Sekundärluftzufuhr, einer Meßeinrichtung für einen von der Verbrennungsgüte abhängigen Parameter im Bereich der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke und mit einer Regeleinrichtung für die Sekundärluftzufuhr in Abhängigkeit vom Istwert des Parameters, wie beispielsweise aus US-A-4 457 692 bekannt.The invention relates to a device for controlling the secondary air supply for a furnace, in particular a boiler, with a primary combustion path and a secondary combustion path downstream of the secondary air supply, a measuring device for a parameter dependent on the quality of combustion in the area of the secondary combustion path and with a control device for the secondary air supply as a function of the actual value of the parameter, as is known for example from US-A-4 457 692.

Um insbesondere bei festen Brennstoffen vorteilhafte Verbrennungsverhältnisse sicherzustellen, wird die Verbrennungsluft in Anpassung an den Verbrennungsvorgang geteilt zugeführt, und zwar im Bereich des Glutstockes als Primärluft und im Bereich der aus dem Glutstock austretenden, brennbaren Gase als Sekundärluft. Dementsprechend kann zwischen einer Primärverbrennungsstrecke und einer dieser Primärverbrennungsstrecke nachgeordneten Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke im Anschluß an die Sekundärluftzufuhr gesprochen werden. Zur Regelung einer solchen Verbrennung wird im allgemeinen die Sekundärluftzufuhr in Abhängigkeit von der Abgastemperatur, dem Sauerstoffrestgehalt in den Abgasen oder dem Gehalt an Kohlenstoffmonoxid, also in Abhängigkeit von einem ein Maß für die Verbrennungsgüte darstellenden Parameter gesteuert, wobei vorausgesetzt wird, daß sich ändernde Verhältnisse im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke über den zur Steuerung der Sekundärluftzufuhr erfaßten Parameter ausreichend berücksichtigt werden können. Genauere Untersuchungen haben jedoch gezeigt, daß dies nicht der Fall ist und daß es wünschenswert wäre, die Sekundärluftzufuhr auch in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Verbrennungsverhältnissen im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke zu steuern.In order to ensure advantageous combustion conditions, in particular in the case of solid fuels, the combustion air is supplied divided in adaptation to the combustion process, specifically in the area of the embers as primary air and in the area of the combustible gases emerging from the embers as secondary air. Accordingly, one can speak between a primary combustion section and a secondary combustion section arranged downstream of this primary combustion section following the secondary air supply. To control such a combustion, the secondary air supply is generally controlled as a function of the exhaust gas temperature, the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gases or the carbon monoxide content, that is to say as a function of a parameter which represents a measure of the quality of combustion, with the assumption that changing conditions in the Area of the primary combustion section via the parameter recorded to control the secondary air supply can be considered sufficiently. However, more detailed studies have shown that this is not the case and that it would be desirable to control the secondary air supply as a function of the respective combustion conditions in the area of the primary combustion path.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Sekundärluftzufuhr für eine Feuerung, insbesondere eines Heizkessels, der eingangs geschilderten Art mit einfachen Mitteln so auszugestalten, daß die Verbrennung unter Berücksichtigung der sich ändernden Verbrennungsbedingungen im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke im Hinblick auf den Wirkungsgrad und auf den Schadstoffgehalt optimiert werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object to design a device for regulating the secondary air supply for a furnace, in particular a boiler, of the type described above with simple means so that the combustion taking into account the changing combustion conditions in the area of the primary combustion section with regard to the efficiency and can be optimized for the pollutant content.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß die Meßeinrichtung aus einem Elektrodenpaar zum Erfassen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Flamme bzw. der Verbrennungsgase im Bereich der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke besteht, daß eine weitere Meßeinrichtung mit einem Elektrodenpaar zum Erfassen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Flamme bzw. der Verbrennungsgase im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke vorgesehen ist und daß die Regeleinrichtung eine von der erfaßten Leitfähigkeit im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke abhängige Sollwertvorgabe für die Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke mit einer abgespeicherten Zuordnung zwischen den Leitwerten im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke und den Sollwerten für die Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke umfaßt.The invention solves the stated problem in that the measuring device consists of a pair of electrodes for detecting the electrical conductivity of the flame or the combustion gases in the region of the secondary combustion path, that a further measuring device with a pair of electrodes for detecting the electrical conductivity of the flame or the combustion gases in the Area of the primary combustion path is provided and that the control device comprises a target value specification for the secondary combustion path dependent on the detected conductivity in the region of the primary combustion path with a stored association between the guide values in the area of the primary combustion path and the target values for the secondary combustion path.

Da die elektrische Leitfähigkeit einer Flamme bzw. eines Verbrennungsgases von der Anzahl der thermisch freigesetzten Ionen und Elektronen und damit von der jeweils wirksamen Temperatur der Flamme und der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Verbrennungsgase abhängt, stellt die elektrische Leitfähigkeit der Flamme bzw. des Verbrennungsgases nicht nur einen für die Verbrennungsgüte besonders aussagekräftigen Parameter dar, sondern auch einen Parameter, der einfach meßtechnisch mit Hilfe eines Elektrodenpaares erfaßt werden kann, weil sich die positiv geladenen Ionen in der Flammenwurzel konzentrieren, während sich die erheblich beweglicheren Elektronen sich vor allem im Bereich des Flammenendes finden, so daß sich zwischen der Flammenwurzel und dem Flammenende eine Potentialdifferenz ergibt, die von der Temperatur und der Zusammensetzung der Verbrennungsgase abhängt. In diesem Zusammenhang ist zu bedenken, daß aufgrund der Besetzung der äußeren Elektronenschalen beispielsweise Kohlenstoffmonoxidmoleküle wesentlich leichter Elektronen als Kohlenstoffdioxidmoleküle abgeben. Über die elektrische Leitfähigkeit können folglich die Verbrennungsbedingungen sowohl im Bereich der Primär- als auch der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke erfaßt werden. Um dabei die Verbrennungsverhältnisse im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke für die Regelung der Sekundärluftzufuhr berücksichtigen zu können, wird aufgrund der erfaßten Leitfähigkeit im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke der Regeleinrichtung ein Soll wert für die Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke vorgegeben, der aus der abgespeicherten Zuordnung zwischen den Leitwerten im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke und den für diese Leitwerte jeweils günstigsten Soll werten für die Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke ausgewählt wird. Dieses Verhältnis zwischen den bei einem optimierten Verbrennungsablauf auftretenden Leitwerten im Bereich der Primär- und der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke kann in einer Versuchsreihe für unterschiedliche Bedingungen im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke einmal für eine bestimmte Feuerung empirisch bestimmt und dann den Regeleinrichtungen für eine solche Feuerung vorgegeben werden, weil sich ja bei gleichbleibenden geometrischen Verhältnissen die Leitwertverhältnisse bei bestimmten Verbrennungsbedingungen nicht ändern. Die in einer Versuchsreihe den Leitwerten im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke zugeordneten Leitwerte im Bereich der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke stellen somit als Sollwerte für die Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke bei einem Soll-Istwertabgleich zufolge eines Eingriffes in die Sekundärluftzufuhr die in der Versuchsreihe festgelegten optimalen Verbrennungsbedingungen auch bei nachfolgenden Verbrennungen sicher.Since the electrical conductivity of a flame or a combustion gas depends on the number of thermally released ions and electrons and thus on the effective temperature of the flame and the chemical composition of the combustion gases, the electrical conductivity of the flame or the combustion gas is not only one the combustion quality particularly meaningful parameters represents, but also a parameter that can be easily measured using a pair of electrodes, because the positively charged ions concentrate in the flame root, while the considerably more mobile electrons are mainly in the area of the flame end, so that there is between the flame root and gives the flame end a potential difference which depends on the temperature and the composition of the combustion gases. In this context, it should be borne in mind that, due to the occupation of the outer electron shells, carbon monoxide molecules, for example, release electrons much more easily than carbon dioxide molecules. The combustion conditions in the area of the primary as well as the secondary combustion section can consequently be recorded via the electrical conductivity. In order to be able to take into account the combustion conditions in the area of the primary combustion path for the regulation of the secondary air supply, a setpoint for the secondary combustion path is predefined based on the conductivity detected in the area of the primary combustion path of the control device, which is based on the stored association between the guide values in the area of the primary combustion path and the the cheapest target values for the secondary combustion path are selected for these guide values. This ratio between the conductance values occurring in the area of the primary and secondary combustion zone during an optimized combustion process can be empirically determined in a series of tests for different conditions in the area of the primary combustion zone for a particular furnace and then specified to the control devices for such a furnace, because yes if the geometric conditions remain the same, do not change the conductance ratios under certain combustion conditions. The guide values assigned to the guide values in the area of the primary combustion section in a test series in the area of the secondary combustion section thus provide as setpoints for the secondary combustion section A comparison of the target and actual values following an intervention in the secondary air supply ensures that the optimal combustion conditions specified in the test series are safe even with subsequent burns.

Um für die Erfassung der elektrischen Leitwerte eine hohe Meßempfindlichkeit zu erhalten, können die an einer elektrischen Vorspannung anliegenden Elektroden jeder der beiden Meßeinrichtungen in Reihe mit einem ohmschen Widerstand liegen, wobei zum Erfassen der Leitfähigkeit im Bereich der Primär- bzw. der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke der Spannungsabfall an diesem Widerstand gemessen wird. Die beiden Meßeinrichtungen können dabei jeweils gesonderte Elektroden aufweisen. Besonders einfache Konstruktionsverhältnisse ergeben sich jedoch, wenn der Rost der Feuerung zumindest für die der Primärverbrennungsstrecke zugeordnete Meßeinrichtung die eine der beiden Elektroden bildet. Da die elektrische Leitfähigkeit im Bereich der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke auch über ein Elektrodenpaar erfaßt werden kann, dessen eine Elektrode am Beginn der Primärverbrennungsstrecke und dessen andere Elektrode am Ende der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke angeordnet sind, weil ja die Leitfähigkeit der Primärverbrennungsstrecke gesondert erfaßt wird, ist es auch möglich, den Rost der Feuerung als eine Elektrode für beide Meßeinrichtungen heranzuziehen.In order to obtain a high measuring sensitivity for the detection of the electrical conductance values, the electrodes of each of the two measuring devices, which are connected to an electrical bias, can be connected in series with an ohmic resistance, the voltage drop being present in the area of the primary and / or the secondary combustion path for the detection of the conductivity this resistance is measured. The two measuring devices can each have separate electrodes. Particularly simple constructional relationships result, however, if the grate of the furnace forms at least one of the two electrodes for the measuring device assigned to the primary combustion path. Since the electrical conductivity in the area of the secondary combustion section can also be detected via a pair of electrodes, one electrode of which is arranged at the beginning of the primary combustion section and the other electrode at the end of the secondary combustion section, because the conductivity of the primary combustion section is recorded separately, it is also possible to use the Use the grate of the furnace as an electrode for both measuring devices.

Die Regelung der Sekundärluftzufuhr in Abhängigkeit vom Verhältnis der elektrischen Leitwerte im Bereich der Primär- und der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke läßt außerdem eine einfache Berücksichtigung der sich mit dem Brennstoff ändernden Verbrennungsbedingungen zu, wenn das für eine optimale Verbrennung erforderliche Verhältnis der Leitwerte für diese unterschiedlichen Brennstoffe bestimmt wird. Zu diesem Zweck kann die Regeleinrichtung eine umschaltbare Sollwertvorgabe für wenigstens zwei unterschiedliche Brennstoffe mit den für diese Brennstoffe empirisch ermittelten Zuordnungen zwischen den Leitwerten im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke und den Sollwerten für die Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke aufweisen. Beim Einsatz eines dieser Brennstoffe braucht lediglich die Sollwertvorgabe für die Regeleinrichtung auf diesen Brennstoff umgestellt zu werden, um bei der Regelung der Sekundärluftzufuhr die brennstoffspezifischen Verbrennungsbedingungen berücksichtigen zu können.The regulation of the secondary air supply as a function of the ratio of the electrical conductance values in the area of the primary and the secondary combustion path also allows the combustion conditions that change with the fuel to be taken into account when determining the ratio of the conductance values required for optimal combustion for these different fuels. For this purpose, the control device can set a switchable setpoint for at least two different fuels with the assignments empirically determined for these fuels have the guide values in the area of the primary combustion section and the target values for the secondary combustion section. When using one of these fuels, it is only necessary to switch the setpoint specification for the control device to this fuel in order to be able to take the fuel-specific combustion conditions into account when regulating the secondary air supply.

Damit kurzzeitige Schwankungen im Verbrennungsablauf nicht zu die Verbrennungsbedingungen ändernden Regeleingriffen und damit zu einer instabilen Regelung führen können, können die beiden Meßeinrichtungen zur Erfassung der Leitwerte in der Primär- und der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke jeweils über einen Mittelwertbildner an die Regeleinrichtung angeschlossen sein, mit dessen Hilfe lediglich Änderungen über längere Zeitabschnitte erfaßt und für die Regelung ausgenützt werden.So that short-term fluctuations in the combustion process cannot lead to control interventions that change the combustion conditions and thus lead to unstable control, the two measuring devices for recording the conductance values in the primary and secondary combustion sections can each be connected to the control device via an averager, with the aid of which only changes recorded over longer periods of time and used for the regulation.

In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise dargestellt, und zwar wird eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Sekundärluftzufuhr für eine Feuerung in einem schematischen Blockschaltbild gezeigt.The subject matter of the invention is shown in the drawing, for example, namely a device according to the invention for regulating the secondary air supply for a furnace is shown in a schematic block diagram.

Die dargestellte Festbrennstoff-Feuerung für einen Heizkessel weist eine durch eine Brennkammer 1 gebildete Primärverbrennungsstrecke 2 und eine daran anschließende Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke 3 in Form eines Nachverbrennungsraumes oder Flammkanales 4 auf. Der Brennstoff wird über eine durch einen Pfeil 5 angedeutete Zuführeinrichtung auf einen Rost 6 gefördert, der die Brennkammer 1 nach unten abschließt. Die Primärluft wird über ein Gebläse 7 durch den Rost 6 dem Brennstoff zugeführt, wobei die aufgrund der Verbrennung entstehenden Verbrennungsgase in das Flammrohr 4 zur Nachverbrennung strömen, für die über ein Gebläse 8 Verbrennungsluft bereitgestellt wird. Zur Steuerung dieser als Sekundärluft zugeführten Verbrennungsluft dient ein drehzahlgesteuerter Motor 9 für das Gebläse 8, dessen Stellglied 10 für die Drehzahlsteuerung von einer Regeleinrichtung 11 beaufschlagt wird. Zur Regelung der Sekundärluftzufuhr werden die elektrischen Leitwerte im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke 2 und im Bereich der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke 3 erfaßt, und zwar mit Hilfe von je einer Meßeinrichtung 12 bzw. 13 mit je zwei Elektroden 14, 15 bzw. 16, 15. Wie der Zeichnung entnommen werden kann, dient gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Rost 6 als gemeinsame Elektrode 15 für beide Meßeinrichtungen 12 und 13, was jedoch nicht der Fall sein muß. Die Elektroden 14, 15 bzw. 16, 15 liegen jeweils an einer Spannungsquelle 17 an und sind in Reihe mit einem ohmschen Widerstand 18 geschaltet, wobei der Spannungsabfall am ohmschen Widerstand 18 von einem Meßwertgeber 19 erfaßt und an einen Mittelwertbildner 20 weitergeleitet wird, der die erfaßten Meßwerte über eine vorgegebene Zeitspanne mittelt, um kurzzeitige Schwankungen ausgleichen zu können. Während der gemittelte Meßwert der Meßeinrichtung 19 zur Erfassung des Leitwertes im Bereich der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke 3 als Istwert der Regeleinrichtung 11 zugeführt wird, dient der gemittelte Meßwert der Leitfähigkeit im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke zur Bestimmung des für den Regelabgleich vorzugebenden Sollwertes für die Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke 3. Zu diesem Zweck ist der Regeleinrichtung 11 eine Sollwertvorgabe 21 zugeordnet, in der über einen Eingang 22 eine bestimmte Zuordnung zwischen der Leitfähigkeit im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke 2 und dem Sollwert der Leitfähigkeit für die Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke 3 abgespeichert ist, um aufgrund des jeweils über den Eingang 23 anliegenden Mittelwertes der Leitfähigkeit der Primärverbrennungsstrecke 2 den diesem Mittelwert zugeordneten, abgespeicherten Sollwert an die Regeleinrichtung 11 als Führungsgröße auslesen zu können. Diese Zuordnung zwischen den Leitwerten der Primär- und der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke wird für eine bestimmte Feuerung in einer Versuchsreihe erfaßt, in der bei verschiedenen Verbrennungsverhältnissen im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke 2 die Sekundärluftzufuhr so eingestellt wird, daß hinsichtlich des Schadstoffgehaltes und des Wirkungsgrades vorteilhafte Ergebnisse erreicht werden, wobei zu dieser Einstellung die Temperatur, der Luftüberschuß, der Schadstoffgehalt u. dgl. im Bereich der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke 3 gemessen werden kann. Für die jeweils eingestellte günstigste Verbrennung wird dann der elektrische Leitwert im Bereich der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke 3 gemessen und der Leitfähigkeit im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke zugeordnet, so daß nach der Abspeicherung dieser Zuordnung in der Sollwertvorgabe 21 beim Auftreten von bestimmten, durch einen Leitwert charakterisierten Verbrennungsbedingungen im Bereich der Primärverbrennungsstrecke 2 die Sekundärluftzufuhr aufgrund des diesem Leitwert zugeordneten Sollwertes für die Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke entsprechend der empirisch ermittelten, günstigsten Verbrennung nachgeregelt werden kann. Ist mit dem Einsatz unterschiedlicher Brennstoffe zu rechnen, so kann das Verhältnis der Leitwerte im Bereich der Primär- und der Sekundärverbrennungsstrecke durch entsprechende Versuchsreihen auch an unterschiedliche Brennstoffe angepaßt und abgespeichert werden. Beim Wechsel des Brennstoffes braucht in diesem Fall lediglich die Sollwertvorgabe 21 entsprechend umgeschaltet zu werden.The solid fuel furnace shown for a boiler has a primary combustion section 2 formed by a combustion chamber 1 and an adjoining secondary combustion section 3 in the form of a post-combustion chamber or flame channel 4. The fuel is conveyed via a feed device indicated by an arrow 5 onto a grate 6, which closes the combustion chamber 1 at the bottom. The primary air is fed to the fuel via a blower 7 through the grate 6, the combustion gases resulting from the combustion flowing into the flame tube 4 for post-combustion, for which combustion air is provided via a blower 8. A speed-controlled combustion air is used to control this combustion air supplied as secondary air Motor 9 for the blower 8, the actuator 10 for the speed control is acted upon by a control device 11. To control the secondary air supply, the electrical conductance values are recorded in the area of the primary combustion section 2 and in the area of the secondary combustion section 3, with the aid of one measuring device 12 or 13 with two electrodes 14, 15 or 16, 15 as shown in the drawing can be used according to the embodiment of the grate 6 as a common electrode 15 for both measuring devices 12 and 13, but this need not be the case. The electrodes 14, 15 and 16, 15 are each connected to a voltage source 17 and are connected in series with an ohmic resistor 18, the voltage drop across the ohmic resistor 18 being detected by a transducer 19 and being forwarded to an averager 20, which generates the averaged measured values over a predetermined period of time in order to be able to compensate for short-term fluctuations. While the averaged measured value of the measuring device 19 for detecting the conductance in the area of the secondary combustion section 3 is supplied as the actual value to the control device 11, the averaged measured value of the conductivity in the area of the primary combustion section is used to determine the setpoint for the secondary combustion section 3 to be specified for the control adjustment. For this purpose The control device 11 is assigned a setpoint specification 21, in which a specific assignment between the conductivity in the area of the primary combustion section 2 and the setpoint value of the conductivity for the secondary combustion section 3 is stored via an input 22, in order to use the mean value of the conductivity present via the input 23 the primary combustion zone 2 to be able to read out the stored setpoint value assigned to this mean value to the control device 11 as a reference variable. This assignment between the guide values of the primary and the secondary combustion section is recorded for a certain furnace in a series of tests in which at different combustion conditions in the area of the primary combustion section 2, the secondary air supply is set so that advantageous results are achieved with regard to the pollutant content and the efficiency, the temperature, the excess air, the pollutant content and the like being set for this setting. Like. Can be measured in the region of the secondary combustion section 3. The electrical conductivity in the area of the secondary combustion section 3 is then measured for the cheapest combustion set in each case and assigned to the conductivity in the area of the primary combustion section, so that after the storage of this assignment in the setpoint specification 21 when certain combustion conditions characterized by a conductance occur in the range of Primary combustion section 2, the secondary air supply can be readjusted on the basis of the setpoint value assigned to this conductance for the secondary combustion section in accordance with the empirically determined, cheapest combustion. If the use of different fuels is to be expected, the ratio of the guide values in the area of the primary and secondary combustion sections can also be adapted and stored to different fuels by means of appropriate test series. When changing the fuel in this case, only the setpoint specification 21 needs to be switched accordingly.

Claims (5)

  1. A device for controlling the supply of secondary air to a heating system, more particularly a boiler, comprising a primary combustion section (2) upstream of a secondary combustion section (3) adjacent the secondary air supply, a device (12 or 13) for measuring a parameter depending on the quality of combustion in the neighbourhood of the secondary combustion section (3) and a device (11) for controlling the supply of secondary air in dependence on the actual value of the parameter, characterised in that the measuring device (13) comprises a pair of electrodes (16, 15) for detecting the electric conductivity of the flame or of the combustion gases in the region of the secondary combustion section (3), an additional measuring device (12) is provided with a pair of electrodes (14, 15) for detecting the electric conductivity of the flame or of the combustion gases in the neighbourhood of the primary combustion section (2), and the control device (11) has a means (21) for presetting a set value for the secondary combustion section (3), the set value being dependent on the measured conductivity in the region of the primary combustion section (2), and the presetting device comprising a stored correlation between the conductance values in the region of the primary combustion section (2) and the set values for the secondary combustion section (3).
  2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the electrically biased electrodes (14, 15; 16, 15) of each of the two measuring devices (12, 13) are in series with an ohmic resistor (18), and the voltage drop at the resistor (18) is measured in order to determine the conductivity in the region of the primary or secondary combustion section (2 or 3).
  3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the grate (6) of the heating system forms one of the two electrodes (14, 15), at least for the measuring device (12) associated with the primary combustion section (2).
  4. A device according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the control device (11) comprises a switchable-over means (21) for presetting set values for at least two different fuels with correlations, empirically determined for these fuels, between the conductance in the region of the primary combustion section (2) and the set values for the secondary combustion section (3).
  5. A device according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the two measuring devices (12, 13) are each connected to the control device (11) via an average-taking device (20).
EP90890151A 1989-05-26 1990-05-16 Device for controlling the secondary air supply of a burner, especially of a heater Expired - Lifetime EP0399994B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1273/89 1989-05-26
AT0127389A AT398345B (en) 1989-05-26 1989-05-26 DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE SECONDARY AIR SUPPLY FOR A FIRE, IN PARTICULAR A BOILER

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0399994A2 EP0399994A2 (en) 1990-11-28
EP0399994A3 EP0399994A3 (en) 1991-06-12
EP0399994B1 true EP0399994B1 (en) 1993-09-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90890151A Expired - Lifetime EP0399994B1 (en) 1989-05-26 1990-05-16 Device for controlling the secondary air supply of a burner, especially of a heater

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0399994B1 (en)
AT (2) AT398345B (en)
DE (1) DE59002526D1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012021799A1 (en) * 2012-11-08 2014-05-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heating device and method for optimized combustion of biomass

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2205766C (en) * 1996-09-12 2001-02-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Combustion system and operation control method thereof
KR100355505B1 (en) * 1998-06-16 2002-10-12 미츠비시 쥬고교 가부시키가이샤 Operating method of fluidized-bed incinerator and the incinerator
DE102012023450B4 (en) * 2012-11-30 2018-12-20 Sebastian Stein Method for controlling the combustion of solids in a combustion plant

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7110040A (en) * 1971-07-21 1973-01-23
US4459098A (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-07-10 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling secondary air distribution to a multiple fuel combustor
US4457692A (en) * 1983-08-22 1984-07-03 Honeywell Inc. Dual firing rate flame sensing system
CH673699A5 (en) * 1986-09-12 1990-03-30 Tiba Kochherd & App Ag Combustion air regulation system for solid fuel boiler - with separate regulation of total quantity of air and primary secondary air ratio

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012021799A1 (en) * 2012-11-08 2014-05-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heating device and method for optimized combustion of biomass

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0399994A2 (en) 1990-11-28
ATA127389A (en) 1994-03-15
DE59002526D1 (en) 1993-10-07
AT398345B (en) 1994-11-25
EP0399994A3 (en) 1991-06-12
ATE93955T1 (en) 1993-09-15

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