EP0397139A2 - Formatverfahren für seriell übertragenen Rahmen - Google Patents

Formatverfahren für seriell übertragenen Rahmen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0397139A2
EP0397139A2 EP90108727A EP90108727A EP0397139A2 EP 0397139 A2 EP0397139 A2 EP 0397139A2 EP 90108727 A EP90108727 A EP 90108727A EP 90108727 A EP90108727 A EP 90108727A EP 0397139 A2 EP0397139 A2 EP 0397139A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
information
channels
data
bit
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Application number
EP90108727A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0397139A3 (de
EP0397139B1 (de
Inventor
Raymond Eugene Tyrrell
Stephen Carson Dunning
Richard James Sanders, Jr.
Claude Melvin Hurlocker
Michael John Gingell
Jeffrey Paul Jones
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Alcatel Lucent NV
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Alcatel NV
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Priority claimed from US07/351,458 external-priority patent/US5060229A/en
Application filed by Alcatel NV filed Critical Alcatel NV
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Publication of EP0397139A3 publication Critical patent/EP0397139A3/de
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Publication of EP0397139B1 publication Critical patent/EP0397139B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
    • H04J3/1611—Synchronous digital hierarchy [SDH] or SONET
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/12—Arrangements providing for calling or supervisory signals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a serial transport frame format method for use in telephony but not necessarily restricted thereto.
  • the serial transport frame format method describes a technique for transmitting serial information comprising a plurality of channels wherein some channels contain data and channel associated control information. Frame synchronization is included in one channel per frame.
  • the DS-X standard is commonly used in telephony, with DS-0 directed to channels that operate at 64 kilobits per second (kbits/sec), DS-1 directed to channels operating at 1.544 megabits/second (mbits/sec), DS-2 operating at 6.312 mbits/sec, and DS-3 operating at 44.736 mbits/sec.
  • each channel comprises 8 bits of data while the signalling and control information associated with such a channel is typically inserted at the least significant bit of designated frames of that channel in what is commonly referred to as a "rob-bit" method.
  • the signalling and control information associated with a digital channel is typically presented in a designated repeating frame of that channel so that the data is not compromised by the signalling and control information.
  • the SONET standard defines the rates and formats for optical interfaces with the basic signal broken into two main portions, one portion for what is called Transport Overhead and one portion for payload.
  • the Transport Overhead comprises Section Overhead and Line Overhead while the payload contains Path Overhead and payload data.
  • the payload data may be a DS-3 type signal or lower speed DS-0, DS-1c, or DS-­2 signals presented in what is called a Virtual Tributary (VT). It is within this payload data that the signalling and control information of the channels is maintained for whatever signalling format is used (e.g. AB or A,B,C,D (ESF) signalling). In SONET, such signalling and control information is stored in a prescribed manner.
  • TM terminal multiplexers
  • ADM add/drop multiplexers
  • FTS fiber transmission systems
  • the invention offers the advantage that both the data and the associated channel control information (e.g. singalling and timing information) are transparently conveyed between any two modules. It is an efficient method for the transfer of telephony channel information between modules associated with devices that operate on this data and in particular for such devices used in conjunction with interfacing and interacting with the SONET standard for the exchange of information.
  • channel control information e.g. singalling and timing information
  • the serial transport frame format provides for the transfer of information in a frame format wherein frame synchronization information is provided in a standardized form.
  • the frame format also provides for the transfer of general control information in a standardized form.
  • This general control information is also in the form of data and associated channel control information, the latter potentially including data valid (V) and interrupt (I) bits and addressing information.
  • Each control channel can be used to communicate control functions between modules within any device. Further information concerning the VI control channel is presented in a European Application entitled "Embedded Control Technique for Distributed Control Systems", inventor: Hal Thorne. This application is based on the U.S. application Ser.No. 349 716, filed on May 10, 1989.
  • the serial transport frame format defines a frame comprising 32 channels of information, each channel comprising 16 bits. Each frame is typically generated at a frequency of 4.096 megahertz.
  • the first channel of each frame preferably contains a synchronization word while the last channel may optionally contain general maintenance or control information.
  • This maintenance and control information can provide codes associated with looping so as to isolate faults as well as to control communications between modules connected at respective ends of a serial bus (link) associated with the serial transport frame format.
  • a first portion of the channel contains data while a second portion of the same channel contains associated control information.
  • control information may include timing information associated with that channel of data.
  • the first 8 bits of each 16 bit channel contains the actual DS-O data (such as voice data) with the remaining bits containing the signalling information (e.g. A, B or A, B, C, D information) and timing information associated with that DS-O channel, as well as channel parity information.
  • the signalling information e.g. A, B or A, B, C, D information
  • the invention provides a serial transport frame format for transferring data between two locations, such that the data is transferred in channels with associated control information.
  • the associated control information can include signalling information if the data correspond to telephony information. It can also include, depending upon the nature of the channel data, timing information, valid data information, interrupt information, address information and channel parity information.
  • One channel per frame contains frame synchronization information used by the interconnected modules to determine whether the serial transport frame format is being accurately received.
  • the serial transport frame includes a predetermined number of channels per frame, each channel having a predetermined size. The entire frame is transmitted during a predetermined length of time.
  • a flexible and expandable system for defining serial data which facilitates communications between modules such as those used to implement terminal multiplexers, add/drop multiplexers and the like as used in telephony, and in particular as used in telephony associated with a synchronous optical network.
  • Figure 1 illustrates various devices 20, 22 and 24, that can interface with an optical carrier (fiber optic) transmission medium such as the optical carrier medium operating within the Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) standard adopted by the American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) as set forth in their standard No. TI.105-1988 entitled "Digital Hierarchy Optical Interface Rates and Formats Specification".
  • SONET Synchronous Optical Network
  • an optical carrier level (such as OC-1, OC-3, OC-12, OC-48) is the signal that results from an optical conversion of a Synchronous Transport Signal (STS) operating at the same level.
  • STS-1 STS level 1
  • Mbit/s megabits per second
  • an STS-N optical carrier level is simply the level 1 rate multiplied by N, where N is an integer equal to or greater than one.
  • the STS bit stream is presented in a frame where the STS-1 frame comprises 810 bytes which can be visualized as nine rows, each 90 bytes wide with the frame period equal to 125 microseconds.
  • the first three column comprise what is called transport overhead, which in turn comprises section and line overhead.
  • Section overhead deals with the SONET section layer which is directed to the transport of STS-N frames across the physical medium.
  • the line overhead deals with the line layer which is directed to the transport of Path layer payload.
  • the payload is a synchronous payload whose envelope can reside across two STS-N envelopes,
  • the synchronous payload envelope (SPE) consists of nine rows, each 87 columns wide as shown in Figure 7.
  • the first column contains path overhead leaving 774 bytes available for payload.
  • channels of telephonic information comprising channels conforming to various digital signal standards, are contained. As seen in Figure 1, these standards include DS-0 (64 kbits/s), DS-1 (1.544 mbits/s) and DS-3 (44.736 mbits/s).
  • the fiber transmission system (FTS) 20 is interconnected between an 0C-3 channel operating at 155.52 megabits per second and an electrical DS-3 channel operating at 44.736 megabits per second.
  • the fiber transmission system can also connect to a 51.84 megabits per second electrical interface identified as STSX-1. This interface is an electrical implementation of the synchronized optical network interface (SONET).
  • SONET synchronized optical network interface
  • the terminal multiplexer (TM) 22 has a high speed port 28 operating at 51.84 mbits/s that can be equipped with either an electrical interface (STSX-1 electrical path) or a fiber optic interface for operation with the OC-1 SONET Standard.
  • a low speed port 30 of the terminal multiplexer is interfaced with a DSX-1 electrical telephony standard operating at 1.544 megabits per second.
  • Each DS-1 interface can incorporate up to 24 DS-O channels each operating at 64 kilobits per second.
  • the terminal multiplexer therefor interfaces from 1 - 28 DS1 channels with one OC-1 or one STSX-1 carrier.
  • the add/drop multiplexer (ADM) 24 is functionally identical to the terminal multiplexer except that the ADM is equipped with east and west high speed interfaces 32 and 34, respectively.
  • the low speed port 38 is similar in operation to the low speed port 30 associated with the terminal multiplexer.
  • the access module 40 provides conventional interfacing between DS-O channels operating at 64 kilobits per second and DS-1 channels operating at 1.544 megabits per second.
  • the terminal multiplexer 22 add/drop multiplexer 24, and the fiber transmission system 20 each use serial busses which utilize the serial transport frame format of the present invention.
  • serial transport frame format The basic nature of the serial transport frame format is shown in Figure 2. As seen there, sixteen bits comprise each channel of information. There are 32 channels per frame. The first bit of each channel (bit #0) is the most significant (MSB) and the sixteenth bit is the least significant (LSB).
  • MSB most significant
  • LSB least significant
  • the first eight bits of some of the channels comprise data (bits DO through D7) while the remaining bits represent associated control information (bits CO through C7).
  • the associated control bits may represent any type of control information depending upon the nature of the associated channel data and the needs of the modules interconnected to a serial bus transferring information within this format. This associated control information may comprise address information regarding the channel data, timing information regarding the channel data, data valid and interrupt bits (V and I bits) and parity information regarding the channel. In all situations, the associated control bits represent information respecting the channel data or are "don't care" bits; i.e., bits that convey no particular information regarding the channel data.
  • Channel zero of each serial transport frame format represents synchronization data and associated control information.
  • Each terminal multiplexer 22 and each add/drop multiplexer 24 can interface up to 28 DS-1 channels each operating at 1.544 megabits per second with one STSX-1 or one OC-1 channel.
  • Each serial bus is called a serial link and is identified by a number corresponding to its link number.
  • a serial link conveys information in the serial transport frame format, and thus 32 channels are associated with each serial link. In the following examples are given which show how the channels of the various serial links are used in accordance to the invention.
  • the links are assigned the following responsibilities set forth in Table 1: TABLE 1 Serial Link Assignment for TM and ADM devices Serial Link # Assignment 0 DS-1 #1 1 DS-1 #2 2 DS-1 #3 . .... .. . .... .. 27 DS-1 #28 28 DTAU (digitial test access unit for DS-1 test access) 29 Network Manager 30 time slot interchanger to controller 31 time slot interchanger to controller
  • each link comprises 32 channels and channel 0 of each link contains synchronization information.
  • the associated control information for channel zero of each link is set forth in Table 2 and Figure 2.
  • S is synchronization bit pattern (Barker Code)
  • a and B represent the A or B select status bit (A transport path or B transport path) CO represents the composite clock offset value bit
  • P represents the channel parity bit
  • channel parity bit P is of even parity on the 16 bit channel.
  • this bit is odd parity on the respective 16 bit channel.
  • the parity bit (P) is associated with the current serial frame transport while the parity error bit (PE) persists for one frame following the error.
  • the composite clock offset value associated with channel 0 is accumulated on a multiframe basis consisting of two frames. By using the alternating synchronization pattern to accumulate the composite clock offset bits, 10 bits are accumulated.
  • the A/B select bits represent which transport media is to be used. In telephony, two transport media paths are typically required to maintain high reliability of any desired communication. These media paths are generally referred to as path A or path B.
  • the A/B select bits are distributed via a broadcast technique from the time slot multiplexer TSM or time slot interchanger TSI associated with controller channel 0. When the serial transport frame generator receives channel 0 from the time slot interchanger parallel bus, the channel is overlaid with new A/B bits, synchronization pattern, composite clock offset value, and parity bits.
  • serial links 0 through 27 have channels 1 - 31 defined in a manner as set forth in Table 3 (channel 0 is the same for all serial links.
  • VT virtual tributary
  • the ADM high speed interfaces are provisioned to use this information or to reformat and use the signalling information included as part of the DS-O channel being inserted.
  • Channel 3 is also used to insert and extract the DS-1 F bit (the 193rd bit) when terminating a data link conforming to the extended frame (ESF) format.
  • the high speed part is further provisioned to provide a fixed relationship between the F bit sequence and the signalling master frame sync.
  • the DS-1 unit only uses the F bit and the master frame signal (MFS) while ignoring the remaining bits.
  • Channel 3 can also be provisioned to transport the DS-1 193rd bit for bit synchronous applications.
  • Bits 2 - 5 of channel 3 carry the signalling information in the SONET Standard format
  • bit 6 contains the F bit (193rd bit)
  • bit 12 contains the multi-frame synchronization signal (high for frames 1 - 12, low for frames 13 - 24)
  • bit 13 contains a bit to indicate twice the frame synchronization frequency (high for frames 1 - 6 and 13 - 18 and low for frames 7 - 12 and 19 - 24)
  • bit 14 contains the transmit H4 master frame synchronization bit (see SONET Standard) which is a positive edge aligned with the 500 microsecond virtual tributary superframe.
  • Bit 15 is the parity bit which is odd parity on bits 0 - 14. Bits 0, 1 and 7 are reserved for future use and bits 8 - 11 are not assigned.
  • Each channel contains one DS-O channel from DS-0 channel #1 to DS-0 channel #24.
  • Bits 0 - 7 contain the voice or data information while bits 8, 9, 10 and 11 contain the ABCD signalling highway information respectively (ESF signalling).
  • Bit 12 contains the signalling frame synchronization bit (high for frames 6 - 17, low for frames 18 - 5) and bit 13 contains a bit to indicate twice the frame synchronization frequency (high for frames 6 - 11 and 18 - 23 and low for frames 12 - 17 and 24 - 5).
  • Bits 14 and 15 are not assigned.
  • This channel is reserved for an add/drop multiplexer core or line shelves and in particular for use as a universal broadcast channel.
  • the line shelf generates the signal and sends it to the time slot interchanger to be broadcast.
  • This channel is used by the terminating devices (such as the DS-1 or line shelves) for communication to the system controller.
  • the data bits are assigned to bits 0 - 7, the valid or V bit is assigned to bit 8, the interrupt or I bit is assigned to bit 9 and the offset bits are assigned to bits 10 - 14.
  • Bit 15 is the parity bit
  • DTAU Digital Test Access Unit
  • This link is responsible for communications with a network manager 38.
  • the serial transport frame format channel assignment for channels 1 - 31 are presented below (channel 0 is discussed earlier):
  • the network assignments for the serial transport frame format channels 1 - 22 are programmable by the TM or ADM which is equipped with a timeslot interchanger.
  • Assignments for channels 1 - 16 are programmable for systems equipped with timeslot multiplexers.
  • Channels 17 - 22 are not accessible by the timeslot multiplexer.
  • the ADM has two sets of overhead channels, one for the east and one for the west.
  • the TM has one set for the incoming signals.
  • This channel contains the V and I channel from the TM or ADM controller to the network manager controller.
  • This channel contains the DS-1 transceiver VI channel information.
  • Serial links 30 and 31 for the TM and ADM devices represent channel assignments for two controllers.
  • DS-1's are assigned beginning with channel 1 while the line shelves are assigned beginning with channel 28. The number of each is provisionable.
  • the DS-1's/line shelves use the VI Protocol.
  • This channel is used for provisioning and control of the DTAU DS-1.
  • This channel is used for provisioning and control of the Network Manager DS-1 port.
  • This channel contains the V and I channel to the network manager. This channel is used for communications between the TM or ADM controllers to network manager controller 38 (see Figure 1).
  • serial transport frame format channel assignments for serial link 31 are presented in Table 6.
  • channels are used for the two orderwire channels in the SONET overhead.
  • the channels are the local and express orderwires.
  • both channels are the local orderwires.
  • These channels are used for the east OS communications.
  • Three channels are allocated for the 192 kilobits per second OS in the SONET overhead.
  • the extracted channel uses the HDLC protocol.
  • the channels are used with the west OS communications.
  • Three channels are allocated for the 192 kilobits per second OS in the SONET overhead.
  • the extracted data channel uses the HDLC protocol.
  • This channel is used for the 64 kilobits per second common signalling channel.
  • This data channel uses the HDLC protocol. This channel is not used for terminal multiplexers and add/drop multiplexers.
  • This channel is used as a test channel and provides both transmit and receive functions.
  • These channels are broadcast channels.
  • This channel contains the path tracer from the east or west OC-1/STS-1 interface.
  • This channel is used for provisioning control of the east OC-1/STS-1. This channel operates in a VI protocol.
  • This channel is used for provisioning control of the west OC-1/STS-1. This channel operates in a VI protocol.
  • This channel is used for a 64/4 kilobits per second EOC channel.
  • This data channel uses the HDLC protocol.
  • the ESF 4 kilobits per second serial transport frame link contains a superframe mark and a frame bit.
  • the 32 channels of the serial transport frame format are associated with a network manager 38 (Fig.1) while links 30 and 31 are associated with a controller channel allocation.
  • link 30 uses channels 1 - 28 for provisioning and control of the 28 DSI channels and/or associated line shelves.
  • Channel 29 of link 30 is used for provisioning and control of the DTAU DS-1 while channel 30 is used for provisioning and control of the network manager DS-1 port.
  • Channel 31 contains the valid interrupt channel to the network manager. This channel is used for communications between the terminal multiplexer, the add/drop multiplexer, controllers and the network manager controller.
  • the serial transport frame uses a unique framing pattern for channel 0 for purposes of synchronization. Specifically, the pattern uses bits 1 - 7 with the following binary values: 0 1 0 0 1 1 1. This code is a 7 bit Barker Code. This code is alternated on even and odd frames with its compliment so as to prevent accidental framing on a repeated steady-state pattern.
  • P stands for the channel parity bit which is even parity on the 16 bit channel for the current channel and serves as an additional check for correct synchronization
  • the channel parity bit also helps prevent false framing and gives a running measure of possible transmission problems.
  • the PE bit is a frame parity error bit at bit position 0.
  • frame parity errors are detected at a serial transport frame receiver (a channel) the corresponding transmitter sends an active parity error bit to the source which indicates to the source that problems may exist with its transmitter.
  • predetermined parity error thresholds are exceeded, a systems switchover can be initiated by controller 56 (see Figures 2 and 3).
  • the "X's" represent "don't care” bits; that is, bits which may be either 1 or 0. These bits do not have any relevance with regard to synchronization.
  • the VI channel which can be one or more of the channels of a serial transport frame format, provides the alarm, provisioning and communication channel used between various modules comprising devices such as, the terminal multiplexer 22 and the add/drop multiplexer 24 shown in Figure 1.
  • the format of this channel is suitable for both message communications between intelligent sub-systems, such as central processors, and register oriented control of non-intelligent devices, such as DS-1 transceivers.
  • Half of the bandwidth (bits 8 - 15, see Figure 8), 64 kilobits, is dedicated to control and synchronization of the receiving device while the remaining 64 kilohertz bandwidth (bits 0 - 7) is used for data transfer.
  • the format of the VI channel is transparent to the serial transport frame format channel in general. Bit 8 is the valid data, V, bit, bit 9 is the interrupt, I, bit, bits 10 - 14 are offset bits and bit 15 is the channel parity bit.
  • the V bit indicates that the data presented in bits 0 - 7 is valid while the I bit represents an interrupt for high priority data.
  • the offset bits are used to specify a specific control register for offset within a message buffer where the data is to be delivered.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Control Of El Displays (AREA)
EP90108727A 1989-05-10 1990-05-09 Formatverfahren für seriell übertragenen Rahmen Expired - Lifetime EP0397139B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US34971689A 1989-05-10 1989-05-10
US351458 1989-05-12
US07/351,458 US5060229A (en) 1989-05-12 1989-05-12 Serial transport frame format method
US349716 2003-01-23

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EP0397139A2 true EP0397139A2 (de) 1990-11-14
EP0397139A3 EP0397139A3 (de) 1992-02-19
EP0397139B1 EP0397139B1 (de) 1995-11-29

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998029976A1 (en) * 1996-12-26 1998-07-09 Northern Telecom Limited Method and system for transferring serial data
WO1999020009A1 (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-22 Timeplex, Inc. Rate control of channels on a time division multiplex bus

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0228629A2 (de) * 1985-12-20 1987-07-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Zeitmultiplexübertragungssystem
US4701913A (en) * 1986-06-11 1987-10-20 Northern Telecom Limited Circuit and method for extracting signalling information embedded in channelized serial data streams

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0228629A2 (de) * 1985-12-20 1987-07-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Zeitmultiplexübertragungssystem
US4701913A (en) * 1986-06-11 1987-10-20 Northern Telecom Limited Circuit and method for extracting signalling information embedded in channelized serial data streams

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATA COMMUNICATIONS. vol. 16, no. 3, NEW YORK US pages 161 - 169; D.R. RUFFALO: 'UNDERSTANDING T1 BASICS: PRIMER OFFERS PICTURE OF NETWORKING FUTURE' *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998029976A1 (en) * 1996-12-26 1998-07-09 Northern Telecom Limited Method and system for transferring serial data
US5842007A (en) * 1996-12-26 1998-11-24 Northern Telecom Limited Method and system for transferring high level control messaging framing and payload data in a serial stream in a communications system
US6061784A (en) * 1996-12-26 2000-05-09 Nortel Networks Corporation Method and device for transferring data frames within a serial stream
WO1999020009A1 (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-22 Timeplex, Inc. Rate control of channels on a time division multiplex bus

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EP0397139A3 (de) 1992-02-19
DE69023805D1 (de) 1996-01-11
ES2082799T3 (es) 1996-04-01
DE69023805T2 (de) 1996-08-01
ATE130989T1 (de) 1995-12-15
EP0397139B1 (de) 1995-11-29

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