EP0396025B1 - Piston for axial piston pump - Google Patents

Piston for axial piston pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0396025B1
EP0396025B1 EP90107978A EP90107978A EP0396025B1 EP 0396025 B1 EP0396025 B1 EP 0396025B1 EP 90107978 A EP90107978 A EP 90107978A EP 90107978 A EP90107978 A EP 90107978A EP 0396025 B1 EP0396025 B1 EP 0396025B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
ceramic
face
joint surface
pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90107978A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0396025A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Russner
Volker Dr. Dietrich
Gerd Meier
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Ceramtec GmbH
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Ceramtec GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0396025A1 publication Critical patent/EP0396025A1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F04B53/144—Adaptation of piston-rods
    • F04B53/147—Mounting or detaching of piston rod

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pump piston for axial piston pumps consisting of a ceramic piston and a drive element made of metallic material.
  • Non-positive, positive and material connections between ceramic and metallic materials are known.
  • the adhesives that can be used are subject to signs of aging, which result in the connection becoming brittle.
  • the use of bonded connections is limited because the organic adhesives decompose at higher temperatures. In some cases, adhesive bonds cannot be used due to their low resistance to some chemicals. Clamped or shrunk connections can become loose during the operating period due to signs of settlement.
  • Positive connections have the disadvantage that geometrically complex parts have to be manufactured with the highest precision. This requirement complicates the manufacture of ceramic components in particular.
  • the ceramic material is metallized with a molybdenum manganese mixture or tungsten and then connected with suitable solders in a further work step with one or more metal partners.
  • Direct soldering without prior metallization is also known.
  • solders with titanium, zirconium or hafnium components must be used for this.
  • the use of metals that are adapted in their expansion behavior of the ceramic is required, or special constructions are used, which also lead to a reduction in stress.
  • US Pat. No. 4,778,345 the metal element which is connected to the ceramic element is specially adapted to it with regard to its hardness H.
  • connection between a ceramic element and a metal element in which a metal buffer with a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 14 x 10 ⁇ 6 per ° C is arranged between the two elements.
  • a metal buffer with a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 14 x 10 ⁇ 6 per ° C is arranged between the two elements.
  • the constructions can only withstand little mechanical stress.
  • a pump piston which is characterized in that the ceramic piston has an end face of which 20 to 50%, in particular 25 to 60%, is designed as a joining surface for a soldered connection to the drive element.
  • the ceramic-metal connection can be made by active soldering or passive soldering.
  • solders with proportions of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and the like are suitable; for the latter solders based on precious metals, copper or alloys thereof or based on lead, tin, zinc or alloys.
  • the soldering gaps can be smaller than 500 ⁇ m.
  • passive soldering the joining surface must be metallized, for which molybdenum, molybdenum-manganese or tungsten is suitable.
  • the metallized surfaces can be provided with a nickel layer.
  • the ceramic piston can consist of aluminum oxide with Al2O3 - held between 80 and 100% - or silicon carbide; the drive part made of ferrous or non-ferrous metals, such as alloyed or unalloyed steel, austenite, brass, copper, titanium or the like.
  • the figure shows a pump piston in which the ceramic piston (1), which is partially cut, is connected to the metallic drive part (3) by soldering.
  • the joining surface or the soldering surface (2) is ring-shaped in this example.
  • the table shows the adhesive strength of the solder joint depending on the size of the joint surface. All tests were carried out on solder connections of steel disks (ST 52) with 27 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness and ceramic pistons (aluminum oxide) with 20 mm diameter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Pumpenkolben für Axialkolbenpumpen bestehend aus einem Keramikkolben und einem Antriebselement aus metallischem Werkstoff.The invention relates to a pump piston for axial piston pumps consisting of a ceramic piston and a drive element made of metallic material.

Kraftschlüssige, formschlüssige und stoffschlüssige Verbindungen zwischen keramischen und metallischen Werkstoffen sind bekannt. Die beiden ersten Verbindungsarten weisen jedoch verschiedene Nachteile auf. So unterliegen die verwendbaren Kleber Alterungserscheinungen, die eine Versprödung der Verbindung zur Folge haben. Der Einsatz geklebter Verbindungen ist beschränkt, da sich die organischen Kleber bei höheren Temperaturen zersetzen. In einigen Fällen können Klebeverbindungen auch aufgrund ihrer gegenüber manchen Chemikalien geringen Beständigkeit nicht eingesetzt werden. Geklemmte oder geschrumpfte Verbindungen können sich während der Betriebsdauer durch Setzungserscheinungen lockern. Formschlüssige Verbindungen haben den Nachteil, daß geometrisch komplizierte Teile mit höchster Präzision gefertigt werden müssen. Diese Forderung erschwert insbesondere die Fertigung der keramischen Komponenten.Non-positive, positive and material connections between ceramic and metallic materials are known. However, the first two types of connection have different disadvantages. The adhesives that can be used are subject to signs of aging, which result in the connection becoming brittle. The use of bonded connections is limited because the organic adhesives decompose at higher temperatures. In some cases, adhesive bonds cannot be used due to their low resistance to some chemicals. Clamped or shrunk connections can become loose during the operating period due to signs of settlement. Positive connections have the disadvantage that geometrically complex parts have to be manufactured with the highest precision. This requirement complicates the manufacture of ceramic components in particular.

Bei der stoffschlüssigen Verbindung wird der keramische Werkstoff mit einer Molybdänmanganmischung oder Wolfram metallisiert und anschließend mit geeigneten Loten in einem weiteren Arbeitsgang mit einem oder mehreren Metallpartnern verbunden. Direktes Löten ohne vorherige Metallisierung ist ebenfalls bekannt. Hierfür müssen allerdings Lote mit Titan, Zirkonium oder Hafnium-Anteilen verwendet werden. Zur Reduzierung der zwischen Metall und Keramik auftretenden Spannungen, die durch unterschiedliche Ausdehnungskoeffizienten hervorgerufen werden, ist allerdings die Verwendung von Metallen erforderlich, die in ihrem Ausdehnungsverhalten der Keramik angepaßt sind oder es werden spezielle Konstruktionen verwendet, die ebenfalls zu einem Spannungsabbau führen. So ist nach der US-A-4 778 345 das metallene Element, das mit dem keramischen Element verbunden wird, bezüglich seiner Härte H speziell an dieses angepaßt. Nach der EP-B-0 111 989 ist eine Verbindung zwischen einem keramischen Element und einem metallenen Element bekannt, bei der zwischen beiden Elementen ein Metallpuffer mit einem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten von weniger als 14 x 10⁻⁶ pro °C angeordnet ist. Die Konstruktionen ertragen jedoch nur geringe mechanische Beanspruchung.In the integral connection, the ceramic material is metallized with a molybdenum manganese mixture or tungsten and then connected with suitable solders in a further work step with one or more metal partners. Direct soldering without prior metallization is also known. However, solders with titanium, zirconium or hafnium components must be used for this. To reduce the stresses between metal and ceramic caused by different Expansion coefficients are caused, however, the use of metals that are adapted in their expansion behavior of the ceramic is required, or special constructions are used, which also lead to a reduction in stress. According to US Pat. No. 4,778,345, the metal element which is connected to the ceramic element is specially adapted to it with regard to its hardness H. According to EP-B-0 111 989 a connection between a ceramic element and a metal element is known in which a metal buffer with a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 14 x 10⁻⁶ per ° C is arranged between the two elements. However, the constructions can only withstand little mechanical stress.

Die aufgezeigten Mängel werden durch einen Pumpenkolben behoben, der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß der Keramikkolben eine Stirnfläche aufweist, von der 20 bis 50 %, insbesondere 25 bis 60 % als Fügefläche für eine Lötverbindung mit dem Antriebselement ausgebildet ist.The deficiencies shown are remedied by a pump piston, which is characterized in that the ceramic piston has an end face of which 20 to 50%, in particular 25 to 60%, is designed as a joining surface for a soldered connection to the drive element.

Dabei spielt es keine Rolle, welche Teilflächen der Stirnfläche als Fügefläche ausgebildet sind. Hierfür eignen sich einzelne, individuelle Bereiche oder ringförmige Bereiche der Stirnfläche gleichermaßen, wobei diese Bereiche sich als erhabene oder zurückgesetzte Flächen von der Stirnfläche absetzen können. Die Verbindung Keramik-Metall kann durch Aktivlöten oder Passivlöten erfolgen. Für ersteres eignen sich Lote mit Anteilen von Titan, Zirkonium, Hafnium und ähnlichem; für letzteres Lote auf der Basis von Edelmetallen, Kupfer oder Legierungen hieraus oder auf Basis von Blei, Zinn, Zink oder Legierungen hieraus. Die Lötspalte können kleiner als 500 µm sein. Bei passivem Löten muß die Fügefläche metallisiert werden, wofür sich Molybdän, Molybdän-Mangan oder Wolfram eignet. Um die Benetzung für das Lot zu verbessern, können die metallisierten Flächen mit einer Nickelschicht versehen werden. Der Keramikkolben kann aus Aluminiumoxid mit Al₂O₃ - gehalten zwischen 80 und 100 % - oder Siliziumcarbid bestehen; der Antriebsteil aus Eisen - oder Nichteisenmetallen, wie z.B. legiertem oder unlegiertem Stahl, Austenit, Messing, Kupfer, Titan oder ähnlichem.It does not matter which part of the end face is designed as a joining surface. Individual, individual areas or annular areas of the end face are equally suitable for this purpose, these areas being able to stand out from the end face as raised or recessed areas. The ceramic-metal connection can be made by active soldering or passive soldering. For the former, solders with proportions of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and the like are suitable; for the latter solders based on precious metals, copper or alloys thereof or based on lead, tin, zinc or alloys. The soldering gaps can be smaller than 500 µm. With passive soldering, the joining surface must be metallized, for which molybdenum, molybdenum-manganese or tungsten is suitable. In order to improve the wetting for the solder, the metallized surfaces can be provided with a nickel layer. The ceramic piston can consist of aluminum oxide with Al₂O₃ - held between 80 and 100% - or silicon carbide; the drive part made of ferrous or non-ferrous metals, such as alloyed or unalloyed steel, austenite, brass, copper, titanium or the like.

Die Figur zeigt einen Pumpenkolben, bei dem der Keramikkolben (1), der teilweise geschnitten ist, durch Löten mit dem metallischen Antriebsteil (3) verbunden ist. Die Fügefläche bzw. die Lötfläche (2) ist in diesem Beispiel ringförmig ausgebildet.The figure shows a pump piston in which the ceramic piston (1), which is partially cut, is connected to the metallic drive part (3) by soldering. The joining surface or the soldering surface (2) is ring-shaped in this example.

Der Tabelle kann die Haftfestigkeit der Lötverbindung in Abhängigkeit von der Größe der Fügefläche entnommen werden. Alle Versuche wurden an Lötverbindungen von Stahlscheiben (ST 52) mit 27 mm Durchmesser und 3 mm Dicke und Keramikkolben (Aluminiumoxid) mit 20 mm Durchmesser durchgeführt.

Figure imgb0001
The table shows the adhesive strength of the solder joint depending on the size of the joint surface. All tests were carried out on solder connections of steel disks (ST 52) with 27 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness and ceramic pistons (aluminum oxide) with 20 mm diameter.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (7)

  1. A pump piston for axial piston pumps, which consists of a ceramic piston and a drive member of metallic material, wherein the ceramic piston has an end face of which from 20 to 80% is in the form of a joint surface for a soldered connection to a drive member.
  2. A pump piston as claimed in claim 1, wherein from 25 to 60% of the end face is in the form of a joint surface.
  3. A pump piston as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein separate individual regions of the end face of the ceramic piston are in the form of a joint surface.
  4. A pump piston as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein an annular region of the end face is in the form of a joint surface.
  5. A pump piston as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the end face of the ceramic piston has a raised joint surface.
  6. A pump piston as claimed in claims 1 to 4, wherein the end face of the ceramic piston has a set-back joint surface.
  7. A pump piston as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the joint surface is metallized.
EP90107978A 1989-04-29 1990-04-26 Piston for axial piston pump Expired - Lifetime EP0396025B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3914333 1989-04-29
DE3914333A DE3914333A1 (en) 1989-04-29 1989-04-29 PUMP PISTON FOR AXIAL PISTON PUMPS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0396025A1 EP0396025A1 (en) 1990-11-07
EP0396025B1 true EP0396025B1 (en) 1994-06-01

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ID=6379836

Family Applications (1)

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EP90107978A Expired - Lifetime EP0396025B1 (en) 1989-04-29 1990-04-26 Piston for axial piston pump

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US (1) US5094150A (en)
EP (1) EP0396025B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3914333A1 (en)

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US5450784A (en) * 1993-09-28 1995-09-19 Detroit Diesel Corporation Electroplated piston skirt for improved scuff resistance
WO1996031683A1 (en) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 United States Of America, Represented By The S Carbon-carbon cylinder block
US5890413A (en) * 1997-01-08 1999-04-06 Generac Portable Products, Llc Piston for water pump and related method
US5775203A (en) * 1997-01-28 1998-07-07 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. High pressure fuel pump assembly
JP2001050137A (en) * 1999-08-06 2001-02-23 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Fuel supply pump
DE102005045523A1 (en) * 2005-09-23 2007-03-29 Schaeffler Kg High pressure radial pump piston for use in internal combustion engine, has groove base with diameter that is larger than diameter of inner drill hole, so that force-fit and form-fit connection is formed between groove base and piston
WO2008098615A1 (en) * 2007-02-14 2008-08-21 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Hplc pumping apparatus with silicon carbide piston and/or working chamber
DE102014016059A1 (en) 2014-10-29 2016-05-04 VDM Metals GmbH Method for joining steel components with a wear layer

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59005878D1 (en) 1994-07-07
US5094150A (en) 1992-03-10
EP0396025A1 (en) 1990-11-07
DE3914333A1 (en) 1990-10-31

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