EP0394133B1 - Fabric softener compostitions - Google Patents

Fabric softener compostitions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0394133B1
EP0394133B1 EP90401065A EP90401065A EP0394133B1 EP 0394133 B1 EP0394133 B1 EP 0394133B1 EP 90401065 A EP90401065 A EP 90401065A EP 90401065 A EP90401065 A EP 90401065A EP 0394133 B1 EP0394133 B1 EP 0394133B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
composition
cationic
carbon atoms
water
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP90401065A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0394133A1 (en
Inventor
Ursula Schroder
Alain Jacques
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Colgate Palmolive Co
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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Publication of EP0394133B1 publication Critical patent/EP0394133B1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
    • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
    • C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
    • C11D3/2013—Monohydric alcohols linear fatty or with at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
    • C11D3/0015—Softening compositions liquid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
    • C11D3/3773—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines in liquid compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fabric softener compositions, especially adapted for use in the rinse cycle of a laundering process and, in particular, to both the concentrated and ready-for-use aqueous fabric softener compositions which are stable at both low and high ambient temperature, i.e. the compositions do not form a gel, and which are easily dispersible in water when used.
  • compositions containing quaternary ammonium salts having at least one long chain hydrocarbyl group are commonly used to provide fabric softening benefits when employed in a laundry rinse operation; for example, see U.S. Patents 3,349,033; 3,644,203; 3,946,115; 3,997,453; 4,073,735; 4,119,545; etc.
  • concentrations of such cationics has, in general, been limited to the range of about 3 to 6 or 7% by weight (see, e.g., U.S. Patent 3,904,533 and U.S. Patent 3,920,565). Such a low concentration is generally necessitated by the fact that cationics form gels in water systems at concentrations at above about 8%. While the use of electrolytes to lower the viscosity of such compositions is known (see, e.g. U.S. Patent 4,199,545), such electrolytes are far from satisfactory.
  • the electrolytes often do not perform as required, particularly at concentration of the cationics in the neighborhood of about 12-15%. Further, while the performance of the electrolytes may mitigate some of the gelling problem, their use is far from satisfactory in providing a highly concentrated aqueous system of cationics which does not gel or severly change in viscosity within the usual range of temperatures encountered in the handling thereof, for example 0° F(about - 18°C) up to about 140°F (about 60°C).
  • quaternary ammonium-containing softening composition of conventional cationic concentrations, i.e. about 3% to about 8%. These compositions are characterized by the very small particle size of the substantially water-insoluble quaternary ammonium softening compound, i.e. 90% by weight of the quaternary ammonium compound exists as particles which pass through a 1.2 micron filter.
  • the components of the composition are present in the proportions of from about 2 parts to about 10 parts (preferably from about 3 to about 8 parts) by weight of the water dispersible quaternary ammonium compound; from about 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of the C 8 to C 20 fatty alcohol, with the weight ratio of quaternary compound to alcohol being in the range of from about 100:1 to about 5:1; from about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight of a nonionic surfactant, the balance being a water-soluble liquid carrier.
  • compositions generally contain between about 50 to 80% of quaternary ammonium compound, diluent (C 1 to C 4 alkanol plus water) constituting between about 15 to 35% of the base mix and a third component in an amount of from about 5 to 25% which is a C 18 to C 28 fatty alcohol or a phosphoric acid ester thereof or mixtures thereof.
  • the base mix is diluted with water to form an aqueous emulsion of 2-10% concentration based on the combined active ingredients, i.e. quaternary ammonium compound and fatty alcohol or phosphate ester.
  • U.S. Patent 4,386,000 to Turner, et al. describes a concentrated fabric softening composition containing a cationic softener and a viscosity control agent which is a combination of a first component, which is a noncyclic hydrocarbon, fatty acid, fatty acid ester, or fatty alcohol, with a water-soluble cationic polymer having an average molecular weight in the range of from about 2,000 to about 250,000.
  • the water-insoluble cationic fabric softener is present in the composition in an amount of from 8% to 22% and the viscosity regulator system includes from 0.5 to 6% of the first regulator component and from about 0.05 to about 1% of the water-soluble cationic polymer as the second regulator component.
  • the Turner, et al. patent is stated to be an improvement over the Verbruggen European Patent Application 79200801.3 corresponding to Verbruggen U.S. Patent 4,426,299.
  • the Verbruggen patent discloses concentrated fabric softening compositions comprising water-insoluble cationic fabric softener and a viscosity control agent which may be a noncyclic hydrocarbon, a fatty acid, or ester thereof, or a fatty alcohol at a ratio of fabric softener to viscosity control agent of from 5:1 to 20:1. According to Turner, et al. these compositions are less effective as viscosity reducing agents and concentrated compositions at temperatures close to or above the Krafft point of the cationic softener.
  • European Patent Application 0086105 describes fabric softening compositions containing a cationic softener, lanolin and a viscosity control agent which may be an electrolyte, a polymer such a polyethylene glycol, a C 12 - C 40 hydrocarbon and halogen derivatives thereof, C 9 - C 24 fatty acids, fatty acid esters thereof, C 10 - C 18 fatty alcohols or water miscible solvents.
  • the cationic softener's present in amounts of 0.5 to 30% by weight, the lanolin in amounts of from 0.25 to 40% by weight and, when the viscosity control agent is the fatty alcohol, it is present in amounts of 0.25 to 15% by weight.
  • the aqueous medium comprises at least 25% of the composition and preferably at least 40% of the composition.
  • none of the actual examples shown in this patent include fatty alcohol viscosity adjusting agent.
  • United Kingdom Patent Application GB 2,007,734A describes a fabric softener concentrate for subsequent dilution to the final concentration of active ingredients.
  • the concentrate contains a fatty quaternary ammonium salt which contains at least one long chain alkyl group of 8 to 30 carbon atoms, and an oil or substantially water-insoluble compound having oily/fatty properties.
  • the latter includes, among others, long chain fatty alcohols.
  • Proportions of quaternary fabric softener to fatty alcohol compound of 1:9, 1:5, 4:6, 9:10 or 9:1 by weight are shown, generally with a lower alkanol alone or with an additional nonionic surfactant to provide liquid concentrate or diluted composition.
  • the fabric softening compositions i.e. the concentrates diluted with water, are described as including from 3 to 20% by weight of active ingredients. However, the actual examples only show amounts of active ingredients ranging from about 2.33 to 10% by weight.
  • French Patent 2,298,600 and corresponding German Patent 2,503,026 to Hoechst A.G. describe liquid aqueous preparations for landry sof tening-rinsing agents, which include a germicidal agent.
  • These preparations include a mixture of a quaternary ammonium salt cationic fabric softener and an alkyl imidazolinium compound fabric softener compound at a weight ratio of 2:1 to 1:2; about 1 to 6% by weight of a cationic disinfecting agent; about 0.5 to 5% by weight of a long chain fatty alcohol; about 0.1 to 5% by weight of a lower alkanol having about 1 to 3 carbon atoms; 0 to about 5% by weight of a nonionic emulsifier and the balance water, perfume, coloring matter and optical brighteners.
  • German De 3,150,179-A1 to Hoechst A.G. relates to concentrated liquid premixtures of cationic fabric softeners with alkoxylated amines and an additional ingredient which may be a fatty alcohol.
  • Example 3 of this patent shows a concentrate containing 40% of the cationic fabric softener, 45% oleyl alcohol and 15% alkoxylated amine.
  • Example 5 shows a concentrate including 70% by weight of the cationic quaternary ammonium salt fabric softener, 20% isostearly alcohol and 10% alkoxylated amine.
  • U.S. Patent 3,644,203 to Lamberti, et al. discloses a fabric softening composition which is a mixture of a (a) cationic fabric softener and (b) a complex of (i) C 12 to C 22 fatty alkanol or alkane diol and (ii) alkali metal alkyl (C 12 to C 18 ) sulfate at a ratio of (a):(b) between 1.4:1 and 10:1 and a molar ratio (i):(ii) between 1:1 and 1:2.
  • the present invention provides low and high temperature stable, medium viscosity, pourable, aqueous fabric softening composition comprising, by weight
  • compositions of the present invention are stable aqueous compositions which contain mixtures of a cationic fabric softener which is a water-dispersible quaternary ammonium compound salt or a water dispersible alkyl imidazolinium compound salt as hereinafter described in more detail, a fatty alcohol; and a cationic water-soluble polymer, also as hereinafter described.
  • a cationic fabric softener which is a water-dispersible quaternary ammonium compound salt or a water dispersible alkyl imidazolinium compound salt as hereinafter described in more detail
  • a fatty alcohol and a cationic water-soluble polymer, also as hereinafter described.
  • Softening agents are used to render fabrics or textile soft, and the terms "softening” and “softener” refer to the handle, hand, touch, or feel; this is the tactile impression given by fabrics or textiles to the hand or body and is of aesthetic and commercial importance.
  • the cationic fabric softeners used in the present invention are of the water-insoluble, albeit water-dispersible, quaternary ammonium compound salt or alkyl imidazolinium compound salt type including at least one, and preferably two hydrophobic groups containing at least 12 and preferably at least 14 carbon atoms.
  • One class of the cationic softeners is the quaternary ammonium salts of the formula I : wherein R represents a hydrocarbyl group of from about 12 to 24 and preferably about 14 to 22 carbon atoms; R 1 represents lower alkyl of 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbyl group of from 12 to 24, preferably 14 to 22, carbons atoms; R 2 and R 3 represent lower alkyl of 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms, and X represents an anion capable of imparting water solubility or dispersibility, such as halide, e.g.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups are preferably alkyl but may be alkenyl aryl, or aralkyl and may include various substituents or interrupting groups such as halo, amide, hydroxyl, and carboxyl substituents or interrupting functional groups and ethoxy or polyethoxy interrupting groups.
  • substituents or interrupting groups such as halo, amide, hydroxyl, and carboxyl substituents or interrupting functional groups and ethoxy or polyethoxy interrupting groups.
  • one or more of the lower alkyl groups may also be substituted, for example, by a hydroxy group.
  • Typical cationic fabric softener compounds of formula I include the following:
  • a highly preferred class of the cationic fabric softeners of formula I are the water-insoluble compounds wherein the groups R and R 1 are C 14 to C 18 , R 2 is methyl or ethyl and R 3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl.
  • a second class of the cationic fabric softener active ingredient is the imidazolinium compounds of the formula II: wherein R 4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 4 and preferably 1 to 3 and especially preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, R 5 is an alkyl containing from 9 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably linear higher alkyl of from about 13 to 23 and especially preferably 13 to 19 carbon atoms, R 6 is an alkyl containing from 8 to 25 carbons and preferably a substantially linear higher alkyl group of about 13 to 23, and preferably 13 to 19 carbon atoms; R 7 is hydrogen or an alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and X is as defined above.
  • alkyl imidazolinium compounds of formula II include:
  • mixtures of the above mentioned cationic fabric softeners can also be used.
  • the amount of softener is at least 2% and generally up to 6, 8 or 10% for the so-called “1:1 use formulation” and from about 10, 12 or 15 % up to 20, 25, 30 and 35% for the so-called "3:1 concentrates".
  • the second ingredient of the compositions is the fatty alcohol wherein the hydrophobic group may be a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group having from 10 to 24, preferably from 10 to 20, especially preferably from 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • the fatty alcohol include decanol, dodecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, lauryl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
  • the fatty alcohol may be of natural or synthetic origin and may include, for example, mixed alcohol, such as C 16 to C 18 alcohols prepared by Ziegler polymerization of ethylene.
  • the fatty alcohol is present in the composition in a lesser amount relative to the cationic fabric softener such that the ratio, by weight, of the cationic fabric softener to fatty alcohol is in the range of 6:1 to 3:1.
  • the fatty alcohol may be present in the formulation, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition, in the range of from 0.2% to 10% by weight, preferably 2.0 to 5% by weight, for the concentrated formulation, and in the range of from about 0.2 to 2%, preferably from about 0.75 to 1.5% by weight for the ready-to-use formulation.
  • the amount of the water-soluble cationic polymer relative to the cationic softener, on a weight basis, is such that the ratio of softener to polymer ranges from 50:1 to 2:1, more preferably 30:1 to 5:1.
  • the total amount of the active fabric softening components should be at least 11% by weight, preferably at least 12% by weight, more preferably 12 to 20% by weight, especially preferably 12 to 16% by weight, for the concentrated formulation.
  • highly stable and pourable compositions can be obtained which do not gel upon addition to cold or warm water.
  • the consumer is provided with a wide choice in suitable dosages which can still provide effective softening over wide ranges of fabric loads.
  • compositions of this invention in amounts which provide a concentration in the range of from 10 ppm to 10,000 ppm, preferably from 50 ppm to 500 ppm, of total active ingredients when added to the rinse liquor of a washing cycle.
  • the formulations should be diluted prior to use in an amount depending on the starting concentration and desired level of performance, from 1 to 4 times, preferably 2 to 3 times with water. Tap water is sufficient for this purpose.
  • the total amount of active softening ingredients will be from 3 to 8%, preferably from 3.5 to 6% by weight, based on the total composition.
  • a preferred ready to use composition contains by weight, 3 to 5% quaternary ammonium softener, 0.75 to 1.5% fatty alcohol and 0.1 to 0.5% water-soluble cationic acrylic polymer.
  • compositions of just cationic softener and fatty alcohol tend to be of too low viscosity and the addition of the polymer not only overcomes this deficiency but also does not detract from softening performance.
  • each of these components may comprise up to 0.5%, preferably up to 0.2%, for example from 0.001% to 0.1% by weight of the aqueous composition.
  • perfumes, dyes and optical brighteners are especially preferred additives in terms of consumer appeal.
  • the balance of the compositions of the present invention is provided by water which may be distilled, deionized or tap water.
  • the composition is prepared directly using a high pressure homogenizer.
  • DSDMAC distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride
  • the fatty alcohol is a C 16 to C 18 alkyl alcohol
  • the composition is prepared directly using a high pressure homogenizer.
  • a mixture of DSDMAC and the C 16 - C 18 alcohol when dispersed in hot water forms a gel which can be broken in high pressure homogenizer resulting, after cooling, in a stable liquid product.
  • a composition is prepared containing Weight % Di-hydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride 3.6 C 16 - C 18 alcohol 0.9 Hompolymeric N,N-dimethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate chloride 0.2
  • This composition gives better softeness than one without the polymer. Futhermore, the viscosity without the polymer is very low (20 - 40 cps) whereas with it, the viscosity ranges from 100 to 400 cps.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
EP90401065A 1989-04-21 1990-04-19 Fabric softener compostitions Expired - Lifetime EP0394133B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US34118989A 1989-04-21 1989-04-21
US341189 2006-01-27

Publications (2)

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EP0394133A1 EP0394133A1 (en) 1990-10-24
EP0394133B1 true EP0394133B1 (en) 1997-08-27

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EP90401065A Expired - Lifetime EP0394133B1 (en) 1989-04-21 1990-04-19 Fabric softener compostitions

Country Status (13)

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EP (1) EP0394133B1 (tr)
AT (1) ATE157393T1 (tr)
AU (1) AU634493B2 (tr)
BR (1) BR9001856A (tr)
CA (1) CA2014991C (tr)
DE (1) DE69031321D1 (tr)
DK (1) DK95990A (tr)
GR (1) GR1000480B (tr)
MY (1) MY106255A (tr)
NZ (1) NZ233281A (tr)
PT (1) PT93810B (tr)
TR (1) TR27517A (tr)
ZA (1) ZA902891B (tr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6939844B2 (en) 1996-09-19 2005-09-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Concentrated, preferably biodegradable, quaternary ammonium fabric softener compositions containing cationic polymers and process for preparation
US7135451B2 (en) 2003-03-25 2006-11-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Fabric care compositions comprising cationic starch

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69309098T3 (de) † 1992-11-16 2002-03-07 The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati Gewebeweichspülzusammensetzungen mit farbstofftransferinhibitoren zwecks verbessertem gewebeerscheinungsbild
DE4313085A1 (de) * 1993-04-21 1994-10-27 Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh Stabile wäßrige Dispersionen von quartären Ammoniumverbindungen und Imidazolin-Derivaten
GB9515805D0 (en) * 1995-08-02 1995-10-04 Jeyes Group Plc Compositions
IT1295355B1 (it) * 1997-10-17 1999-05-12 3V Sigma Spa Addensanti per composizioni acquose acide
US6949500B2 (en) * 2002-12-16 2005-09-27 Colgate-Palmolive Company Fabric softener compositions containing a mixture of cationic polymers as rheology modifiers
EP1572848A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2005-09-14 Colgate-Palmolive Company Concentrated fabric softener compositions containing rheology modifiers to maintain stability and flowability upon dilution
GB0714589D0 (en) † 2007-07-27 2007-09-05 Unilever Plc Fabric softening composition
DE102010030217A1 (de) 2010-06-17 2011-12-22 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Verdickter Weichspüler
WO2012135411A1 (en) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Fabric care compositions comprising front-end stability agents

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0002085A2 (en) * 1977-11-21 1979-05-30 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Textile conditioning compositions with low content of cationic guar gum
GB2207446A (en) * 1985-01-30 1989-02-01 Colgate Palmolive Co Fabric softener composition

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0043622B1 (en) * 1980-01-07 1984-11-21 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Fabric softening composition
US4885102A (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-12-05 Kao Corporation Cloth-softening liquid composition containing quaternary ammonium compound and a polyether derivative or cationic surfactant polymer

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0002085A2 (en) * 1977-11-21 1979-05-30 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Textile conditioning compositions with low content of cationic guar gum
GB2207446A (en) * 1985-01-30 1989-02-01 Colgate Palmolive Co Fabric softener composition

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GB-A- 2 207 446 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6939844B2 (en) 1996-09-19 2005-09-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Concentrated, preferably biodegradable, quaternary ammonium fabric softener compositions containing cationic polymers and process for preparation
US7135451B2 (en) 2003-03-25 2006-11-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Fabric care compositions comprising cationic starch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE157393T1 (de) 1997-09-15
TR27517A (tr) 1995-06-07
GR900100302A (en) 1991-09-27
ZA902891B (en) 1991-12-24
GR1000480B (el) 1992-07-30
MY106255A (en) 1995-04-29
EP0394133A1 (en) 1990-10-24
NZ233281A (en) 1993-02-25
PT93810A (pt) 1990-11-20
DK95990A (da) 1990-10-22
DK95990D0 (da) 1990-04-18
AU634493B2 (en) 1993-02-25
DE69031321D1 (de) 1997-10-02
AU4264289A (en) 1990-10-25
CA2014991C (en) 2000-08-08
CA2014991A1 (en) 1990-10-21
PT93810B (pt) 1997-02-28
BR9001856A (pt) 1991-06-18

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