CA1192003A

CA1192003A - Fabric softening composition

Info

Publication number: CA1192003A
Application number: CA000420859A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Edwin Willis; Michael W. Parslow
Original assignee: Unilever PLC
Current assignee: Unilever PLC
Priority date: 1982-02-10
Filing date: 1983-02-03
Publication date: 1985-08-20
Also published as: ZW3583A1; GB8303393D0; IN156622B; JPS58149380A; ATE42570T1; BR8300643A; GB2114618A; DE3379733D1; PT76218A; PT76218B; PH17958A; GR77963B; NO830421L; GB2114618B; ZA83878B; EP0088520B1; EP0088520A2; EP0088520A3

Abstract

ABSTRACT:

A fabric softening composition comprises an aqueous base, a cationic fabric softener and up to about 10%
lanolin. The cationic softener and lanolin are preferably in the ratio of 20:1 to 1:20 and the level of cationic softener in the composition may be from 0.5% to 30%.
Other conventional fabric softening composition ingredients may be present. The lanolin may be replaced by a lanolin-like material such as derivatives thereof or one or more of the active constituents of lanolin either extracted therefrom or derived from other sources. The presence of lanolin in the composition improves the viscosity and performance thereof.

Description

Z~1~3 FABRIC SOFTENING COMPOSITION
_ FIELD OF THE INVE~ION
,.. . .
The present invention relates to a fabric softening composition. In particular, but not exclusively, it 5 relates to an aqueous based concentrated fabric softening composition.

BACKGROUND ART

It is known to treat fabrics, particularly after washing, with fabric softening agents in order to improve the feel of the fabrics and, in the case of clothes, to improve the comfort in wear. Traditionally, fabric softening agents are applied from an aqueous liquor which 15 is made up by adding a relatively small volume of a fabric soEtening composition to a large volume of water, for example during the rinse cycle in an automatic washing machine. The fabric softening composition is usually an aqueous liquid product containing less than ahout 8~ of a 20 cationic fabric softening agent. For a number of reasons, including or example the cost of packaging, it would be preferred if the product were to contain more than 8% of the active ingredient but due to difficulties in 3~

manufacture, storage and ease of use of the products, it has only been possible to do this in the past with some difficulty.

Further, there may be a desire to partially replace the cationic fabric softening agent with a material which is less costly, easier to handle or less prone to causing skin reaction w~-ile at the same time maintaining or substantially maintaining the performance of the productO
As set out in more detail below, the present invention seeks to overcome one or more of the objectives referred to above by the combined use of a cationic fabric softening agent and lanolin or a lanolin-like material.
SUMM~RY OF TH~ INVENTION

According to the invention there is provided a fabric softening composition comprising an aqueous base and at least 0.5~ by weight of a cationic fabric softening agent, characterised in that it further comprises from 0.25% up to 10% by weight of lanolin or a lanolin-like material.

An essential component of the present invention is lanolin or a lanolin-like material. Lanolin is wool wax which has been purified by various purification steps including washing, neutralisation, filtration, bleaching and deodorisation. Lanolin is composed primarily of esters which constitute the active constituents in the present invention and which yield on hydrolysis a mixture of complex alcohols and fatty acids. The alcohols which form about half of the ester component by weight, include sterols and terpene alcohols. The sterols amount to about 30% and include cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol and cerebosterol and dihydrocholesterol (cholestanol). The terpene alcohols include lanesterol (C30H50O), dih~drlaneSterl (C30H52)' agnosterol (C30H48o)~
dihydroagnosterol (C30H500).

Lanolin is available commercially in a number of forms. Lanolin as such contains the active constituents primarily in their ester form. It is also available in two hydrolysed forms where the active constituents are primarily in their alcoholic or carboxylic acid form.
Further, lanolin may be hydrogenated to form a product where the active constituents are present primarily only in their alcoholic form. Lanolin is also commercially available in propo~ylated and acetylated forms. As used herein the term "lanolin" is intended to refer to any such material derived from wool wax whether the active constituents are in the alco~olic, ester, alkoxylated, hydrogenated or other chemical form.

Suitable commercial forms of lanolin include Corona (lanolin BP~, ~artolan, Polychol and Coronet (Trade Marks of Croda Chemicals Ltd), Solulan, Acetulan and Modulan (Trade Marks of American Cholesterol Products Inc) and Lanocerina ~Trade Mark - Esperis SpA Milan). Commercial lanolin is also available from Westbrook Lanolin Co., Bradford, England.
Many of the active constituents of lanolin can be prepared synthetically, from sources other than wool WAX
or can be ~xtracted from wool wax and other naturally occurring material~. While for cost reasons the commercially available forms of lanolin are preferred for the present invention, it is also possible to use any one or more of the active constituents referred to above however derived, and also materials of similar structure.
Thu , in place of lanolin one may use a "lanolin-like material" which term as used herein includes ~2~

ta) any Ol~ or more of the active lanolin constituents ref~ .o above, and the carboxylic acid or alcohol, derivatives thereof;

5 (b) the corresponding carboxylic acids or alcohols and ester derivatives of the material~ listed in (a), in particular the esters thereof with fatty acids or alcohols containing at least 12 carbon atoms.

10 ~c) iso- and anteiso- alcohols and acids and derivatives thereof having the general formula CH- Rl -X

where Rl is a divalent straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having at least 7, preferably at least 15 carbon atoms, R2 is a methyl or ethyl group and X is OH, -COOH, -O -C -R or ~COOR ~here R is a hydrocarhyl group, in particular a fatty acid alkyl group containing of at least 12 carbon atoms. Examples of materials in this group include 16-methyl heptadecanol, 24-methyl hexacosanol, 8-methyl nonanoic acid: and 2-hydroxy-16-methyl heptadecanoic acid.

The level of lanolin or lanolin-like material in the fabric softening compositions is from 0.25% up to 10% by weight, such as between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the 35 composition.

3~ a3 Any well-known cationic fabric softening agent can be used in the present invention, as well as mixtures of two or more of such agents.

Suitable e~amples of cat.ionic fabric-softening agents are quaternary ammonium compounds containing two long alkyl or alkenyl chains with 12-22 carbon atoms such as di(hardened or unhardened tallow) dimethyl ammonium-chloride~ 2-heptadecyl-2methylstearoyl amido ethyl imida~oline methosulphate, di-(coco)dimethyl ammoni.um-chloride, etc. These cationic fabric-softening agents are well-known in the art and furthex suitable examples can be found in Schwartz-Perry. "Surface-actiYe Agents and Detergents" Yol II, 1958.
~5 Relatively water-soluble cationic softening agents, such as the monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds s~ch as stearyltrimethylammoniumchloride, may also be used, but, as they are often less effective softeners, they are preferably used in conjunction with other, more effective cationic fabric softening agents or witi, llu,~ Lionic softening agents such as fatty acid esters of polyols such as sorbitantristearate, glycerolmonostearate, and so on, or with anîonic detergents with which they are capable of forming softening compl.exes, such as fatty acid soaps.
They may also be made more hydrophobic by treatment with suitable hydrophobising agents such as long chain alcohols and fatty acids. The present invention is however of particular benefit if the more effective, less water-soluble cationic softening agents having two long alkylchains are used.

The level of cationic fabric softening agent in the aqueous fabric softening compositions is at least O.S% but preferably no more than 30~ by weight, such as between 1.0~ and 15~ by weight of the composition.

~$~

The ratio by weight of the cationic fabric softening agent to the lanolin or lanolin-like material may lie between 0.05:l and 20:l, more preferably between O.l:l and lO.l, especially between l:l and 4:l.

In use, the fabric softening composition of the invention is added to a large volume of water to form a liquor with which the fabrics to be treated are contacted~
Generally, ~he total concentra~ion of the cationic fabric softening agent and the lanolin or lanolin-like materials in this liquor will be between about 50 ppm and about 500 ppm.

The pH o~ the aqueous composition used for forming the liquor may be varied within a range, for example between about 3 and about 8, preferably from about 4 to about 6. To achieve the desired pH in the composition and in the treatment liquor, the composition may contain buffering agents as required such as benzoic acid, ci~ric acid and phosphoric acids and~or their alkali metal salts.

In use, the fabrics to be treated are contacted with an aqueous liqucr to which the fabric softening composition is added, the ratio by weight of the fabrics to the liquor being preferably less than about 25:l, most preferably between about lO:l and about 4:l.

The aqueous liquor in contact with the fabrics may be at any convenient temperature. Successful. results can be 3 obtained when the liquor has a temperature between about O~C and about 60C, preferably between about 10C and about The liquor and fabrics in contact therewith are preferably agltated during treatment.

The amount of cationic softening agent and lanolin or lanolin~lîke material deposited on the fabric depends on, nter alia, the concentration of these components in the treatment liquor, the treatment temperature, the degree of agitation, the treatment time and the nature of the fabric. Generally, a level of less than about 0.5~, such as between about 0.0l% and about 0.4% by weight in total of these components ~ill be deposited, based on the weight of the dry fabric.
The balance of the composition comprises the aqueous medium, as the case may be with the other ingredients as set out below. The aqueous medium comprises at least 25%, preferably at least 30%, and especially at ~east 40% of the composition.

The compositions of the invention may further comprise additional beneficial ingredients, cornmonly used or proposed for inclusion in liquid fabric-softening compGsition~. Such ingredients, either a oi.c Ol-incorporated in suitable carriers, include additional viscosity modifiers, germicides, fluorescers, perfumes including deodorising perEumes, organic or inorganic acids, antistatic agents such as water-soluble cationic surfactants, ethoxylated quaternary polyamine compounds (eg Ethoduameen T i3~ and aluminium salts, soil-release agents, colourants, antioxidants, bleaches, bleach precursors, anti-yellowing agents, ironing aids etc, all in the conventional minor amounts. Enzymes such as cellulases 30 may also be included.

The compositions may also contain, in addition to the cationic abric-softening agents, other non-cationic fabric-softening agents such as nonionic fabric-softerling 35 agents.

In particular, the fabric softening compositions may include a ~iscosity modifier selected from polymers as described below, C12-C40 hydrocarbon5, Cg-C24 fatty acids, fatty acid esters having a total of 10 40 carbon atorns, C10-Cl8 fatty alcohols, water-miscible solvents, and elec-trolytes The polymer when included in the composition of the invention may be present therein in an amount of from 0.5 tc 40%, preferably from l to 30%, and particularly preferably 4-25~. The polymer, suitable for inclusion, is defined in the foLlowing way:

The polymer shGuld be water-soluble under user's conditions, and a 20% aqueous solution of the polymer should have a viscosity (~ ~ of ~50, preferably ~30 and especially preferably < 15 cP, as measured at 25C and 110 sec in a ElaaXe Viscometer. Said 20% aqueous solution should also show a vapour pressure equal to or lower than the vapour pressure of a 2~ aqueous solution of poly-ethyleneglycol with a molecular weight of 6,000, preferably equal to or lower than that of a 10~ aqueous solution of said polyethyleneglycol, and particulary preferably equal to or lower than that of an 18~ aqueous solution of said polyethyleneglycol. The said aqueous polymer solution can be of water and polymer only, or can include solvent-containing media normally derived from the raw materials or additives, or include additives specifically designed to improve the vapour pressure lowering capacity of the polymer, or, in the case of ionic polymers, include adjustments to pH in order to optimise ionisation. Such vapour pressure measurements can be obtained using an Hewlett Packard vapour pressure osmometer, using an operating temperature of 34.5C or using any other sultable vapour measuring device.

- g - C.1325 The polymer should furthermore have a molecular weight of at least 400, preferably at least 4,000 and particularly preferably at least 6,000.

It is desirable, furthermore, that the polymer does not negatively interact with any of the other ingredients of the composition.

Suitable examples of the polymer can be thus obtained 10 from the polyalkyleneglycols, the polyalkylene imines, de~tran, gelatin and other natural or synthetic (co)polymers, as lon~ as they meet the above criteria.

Mix~ures of two or more polymers of the same type or 15 of diffexent type may also be used.

A preferred class of polymers comprises polyethylene-glycols ~ith an average molecular weight of about l,000 to about 6,000. These polymers, and especially those 20 with an average molecular weight of 4,000 or 6,000, are particularly suitable for compositions of the invention with a high level of relatively water~insoluble cationic fabric-softening agent.

Other typical examples of suitable polymers are dextran with a molecular weight of lO,000 and polyethylene imine with a molecular weight of 45-750.

When the composition contains a C12-C~O hydro-30 carbon as a viscosity control agent, this is advantageously at a level of from 0.25% to 50~ by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 25%. Preferred materials have from 12 to 24 carbon a~oms and especially preferred are liquid mixtures of paraffins having from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Norn~ , suitable hydrocarbons are found in the paraffin ~s~ fin series, but other materials, such as alkynes and cyclic hydrocarbons are not excluded.
Materials known generally as paraffin oil, and petroleum 5 are suitable. Examples of specific materials are hexadecane, octadecane, eicosane tetradecane and octadecane. Preferred co~nercially-available paraffin mixtures include spindle oil and light oil and technical grade mixtures of Cl4 Cl8 n-paraffins Haloparaffins 10 such as myristyl chloride and stearyl bromide are not excluded.

When the composition contains a Cg-C~4 fatty acid, this i8 advantageously at a level of from 0.5 to 15%.
Highly preferred materials of this class are the Clo-C20 saturated fatty acids, especially lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid.

When the composition contains a fatty acid ester having a total of lO to 40 carbon atoms this is at a preferred level of from 0.25 to 15% by weight, advantageously 0.5 to 4%. The ester is preferably empirically derived fro~ a atty acid having 8 to 23 carbon 25 atoms and an alkanol or hydroxy alkanol having 1-8, especially 1-4 carbon atoms. Specific examples include esters derived from Cl-C3 alcohols and lauric, myristic, palmitic or stearic acid, such as methyl laurate, ethyl myristate, iso-propyl stearate, ethylene glycol 30 monostearate, ethyl stearate, methyl palmitate, and other esters such as iso-butyl stearate and 2-ethylhexyllaurate, iso-octyl myristate.

When the composition contains a fatty alcohol having 35 from lO to l8 carbon atoms, this is preferably at a level of from 0.25 to 15~ by weight.

Specific examples of this class are decanol, dodecanol, tetradecanG1, pentadecanol, hexadecanol and octadecanol. The most preferred materials are lauryl and palmityl alcohols.

When the composition contains as viscosity control agent a solvent this may be a lower alkanol, a glycol, a glycolether and the like. The solvent may be present at a level of up to 20% by weight, such as from 5% to 10 15% by weight. ~hen the cationic fabric-softening agent is supplied in the form ~f an aqueous-alcoholic solution, that alcohol content is included in the above amounts ! and if necessary only a small amount of extra alcohol is to be added. A suitable solvent is 15 isopropanol.

The visc05ity oE the fabric softening composition may be controlled by the presence of an electrolyte.
Preferably the electrolyte is a water-soluble non~surface 20 active salt such as sodium chloride, sodiu."."~.i.osulphate, sodium benzoate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride or aluminium chlorhydrate. The level of electrolyte will determine or be determined by the desired viscosity of the composition and the nature and concentration oE other 25 components in the composition. Typical level~ are from about 100 to about 1000 parts per million, most preferably between about 200 and about 500 parts per million.

The fabric ~oftening compo~itions optionally contain 30 one or more nonionic emulsifying agents, such as the polymerised monoglycerides of long chain f~ ids having from 14 to 24 carbon atoms in the straight or branched saturated or unsaturated carbon chain, suc~ ~5 ~oly-monolauryl glyceride, poly-monostearyl glyceride, poly-~5 monopalm.ityl glyceride or poly-monooleyl glyceride.

Another suitable nonîonic ernulsifying agent is sorbitan monostearate.

These nonionic emulsifying agents are available 5 commercially by the Trade Marks WITCONOL (Witco Chemicals Ltd) and SPAN (Atlas Chemical). The nonionic emulsifying agent may be present at a level from 0.5~ to 9.5% by weight, such as from 2.4% to 6%.

In addition to the above-discussed components, compositions according to the invention can also include a water-soluble cationic or non-ionic surfactant.

By water-soluble, it is meant that the surfactant has 15a solubility in water of pH 2.5 and 20~C of greater than 10 g/l. Normally such materials are alkyl subs~ituted ammonium salts having one C12-C2~ alkyl chain, optionally substituted or interrupted by functional groups such as -O , -COO -, -CONH -, -O - etc. Suitable ~water~soluble nonionic surfactants are the ethoxylates, sorbitan esters available as TWEENS (Atlas Chemical).

It is particularly beneficial to include a water-soluble cationic or nonionic emulsifying agent in the 25composition if it contains as a viscosity modifier a hydrocarbon, fatty acid, fatty alcohol or fatty acid ester of the types referred to above. The level of the water-soluble s~lrfactant is preferably 0.01% to l~o Preferably, the compositions contain substantially no anionic ma-terial 9uch as anionic surfactants. However some anionic material may be tolerated in practice. In preferred compositions the weight ratio of anu anionic material to the cationic fabric so~tening agent is less 35than 0.4:1, most preferably less than 0.2:1.

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The viscosity of the fabric softening compositions i5 preferably less than about 150 cP, most preferably les~
than about 120 cP. This viscosity is measured at 25C and llO sec in a Haake Viscometer.

The compositions of the invention can normally be prepared by mixing the ingredients together in water, heating to a temperature of about 60C and agitating for 5-30 minutes.

The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

Fabric conditioning compositions were made up according to the formulations given in the following Tables I and II by mixing the ingredients together in water at about 60C and agitating.

The cationic fabric softening a9~11L~ u~d were:

CFS 1 - Arosurf TA 100 (approx 700~ active) CFS 2 - Arquad 2HT (82.35% active) CFS 3 - VarisoEt 475~75~ active) CFS 4 - Di(soft tallow3 imidazoline methosulphate The lanolin used in each case was pure lanolin BP
(ex BDM).

r) ~ S ~ ~1 r /~s The viscosity modifying agents used were:

VMA 1 - n Cl~-C17 paraffin (ex BP~
V~A 2 - .sodium chloride VMA 3 - polyethylene glycol (MW 1.5K) VMA 4 - polyethylene glycol (MW 4K) VMA 5 - isopropanol VMA 6 - propylene glycol The water-soluble emulsifying agent used was Arquad 18 (50% active).

Each Table also gives the viscosity of the composition as measure in a Haake viscometer at 110 sec 15 and at 25C.

TABLE I

20 I~GREDIENTS (%) ....

CF5 1 2.0 4.0 2.5 CFS2 7~3 7~312.7 Lanolin 8.0 6.0 4.0 9.5905 9.5 25 Arquad l8 VMA 1 1 3 . 0 VM~ ~ 0 045 Water ~ -balance to lO0----~
Viscosity cP 24 29 187118 63 68 3~

TABI.E I I

EXP.MPLE NO 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 INGREDIENTS ( ~6 ) CFS 3 8.0 8.015.56.7 CFS 4 35.0 18.75 18.75 \ Lanolin ~ 4.0 9.09.59.0 5.0 6.25 6.25 Arquad 18 0.5 10 VMA 1 1~.0 VMA ~ 0.015 0.1 0.32 0.25 ~MA 3 12.0 VMA ~ 10.0 12.0 ~MA 5 8.4 4.5 4.5 15 VMA 6 1.0 1.0 Perfume 1.5 Water ~ balance to 100-~
Viscosity cP 92 115125 183 180 71 151 Similar results can be achieved when Arquad 2T ~ex Armak) is used as the cationic fabric softener. Similar results can also b~ achieved when lanolin BP is replaced with Coronet grade lanolin ~e~ Croda) or Lanolin P95 (ex Westbrook Lanolin Co). Still further similar results can 25 be achieved by using calcium chloride, magnesium chloride or aluminium chlorhydrate.

Fabric conditioning compositions were made up according to the formulations given in the following Table III by mixing the ingredients together in water at about 60C and agitatlng. Product ~iscositie~ were measured as in Examples 1 to 13.

'~/C~ 5 ,~ /e /~

TABLE III

EXA ~LE N0: 14 15 INGREDIENTS %
-Arosurf TA 100 ~100~ active) 10.5 Varisoft 475 (75~ active) I.505 L,anolin 9 5 9 5 Aluminium chlorhydrate (as a 50~ solution) 1.0~ 0.3 10 Water balance to 100 Viscosity cP 196 ~2 *Percentage o solid.

~he following dilute fabric softening compositions were prepared:

20 EXAMPLE N0:
INGREDIENTS (%) 16 17 18 _ Arquad 2HT 4.0 8.0 8.0 Coronet grade lanolin (ex Croda) 1.0 25 Lanolin P95 (ex Westbrook) - 1.0 1.0 Calcium chloride - 0.1 0.1 Water, perfume, dye --balance to 100~-Viscosity (110 sec ~ 3 23 24 ¢~
~1-EXA ~LES l9 AND 20 The following fabric softening compositions were prepared using lanolin-like materials in place of lanolin per se:

EXAMPLE N0: l9 ~0 INGREDIENTS (~) -10 Arquad 2HT 8.0 l2.25 Super Hartolan 3.0 Iso-stearic acid 2.75 Calcium chloride O.l 0.2 Water --balance to lO0~-~5 Viscosity at llO sec '(Cp) 13 126 Notes: l - Distilled lanolin alcohols (ex Croda Chemicals)

2 - Iso-stearic acid (e~ Emery) E~AMPLE 2l _ Two fabric softening compositions were prepared according to the following7 Table.

EXAMPLE: A B
NGREDENT (%) 3o Arquad 2HT 8.G 8.0 Coronet lanolin l.0 ~.^
Water balance to lO0 35 Cationic/lanolin ratio 8 l 2A

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Pieces of cotton terry cloth were treated with liquors made up from these compositlons. The treated cloths were assessed by a panel of people who found that composition B gave more preferred results than composition A.

Except as indicated otherwise, all percentages referred to herein are by weight, based on the weight of the composition.

Claims

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A fabric softening composition comprising an aqueous base and at least 0.5% by weight of a cationic fabric softening agent, characterised in that it further comprises from 0.25% to 10% by weight of lanolin or a lanolin-like material.

2. A fabric softening composition according to claim 1, characterised in that the weight ratio of said lanolin or lanolin-like material to said cationic fabric softening agent lies between 0.05:1 and 20:1.

3. A fabric softening composition according to claim 1, characterised in that the weight ratio of said lanolin or lanolin-like material to said cationic fabric softening agent lies between 0.1:1 and 10:1.

4. A fabric softening composition according to claim 1, characterised in that it contains from 0.5% to 30% by weight of said cationic fabric softening agent and from 0.5% to 5% by weight of said lanolin or lanolin-like material.

5. A fabric softening composition according to claim 4, characterised in that it contains from 1.0% to 15% by weight of said fabric softening agent.