EP0393161A1 - Dispositif pour la combustion de combustibles solides, comprenant une chambre de combustion pourvue d'inserts destines a reguler l'alimentation en air de combustion - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la combustion de combustibles solides, comprenant une chambre de combustion pourvue d'inserts destines a reguler l'alimentation en air de combustion

Info

Publication number
EP0393161A1
EP0393161A1 EP89907347A EP89907347A EP0393161A1 EP 0393161 A1 EP0393161 A1 EP 0393161A1 EP 89907347 A EP89907347 A EP 89907347A EP 89907347 A EP89907347 A EP 89907347A EP 0393161 A1 EP0393161 A1 EP 0393161A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insert
combustion
combustion chamber
inserts
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89907347A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl Sigurd Herman Hultgren
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0393161A1 publication Critical patent/EP0393161A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/007—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with fluegas recirculation to combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/02—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in air inlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of an arrangement constructed in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of the lower part of the arrangement illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the fuel supply system comprises a conveyer belt 7 on which solid fuel is conveyed to a storage tank 6, from which the fuel falls gravitationally down through a feed conduit, which discharges into the combustion chamber.
  • the amount of fuel falling through the feed conduit can be regu ⁇ lated by means of a control device 5.
  • the combustion chamber 3 incorporates three inserts 11, 13, 15.
  • the tubes 41 preferably taper in the direction of air flow, as illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • narrow spacer bars 40 for instance in the form of edge-standing iron flats, extend centrally above the nozzle openings of the tubes 41 and centrally between said tubes, these flats being intended to support the solid fuel and to hold said fuel spaced from the nozzle openings.
  • the bars are not rigidly attached, but rest, for instance, in grooves or channels provided in the wall of the combustion chamber or on the top surface of the collecting chambers.
  • first tubular insert 11 Located above the grate 10 and in the immediate vicinity thereof is a first tubular insert 11.
  • This first insert preferably has the form of a truncated cone, with the cone base facing upwards and having an inwardly curved top edge surface.
  • the insert 11 has mounted on the bottom thereof a beam-cross 39 by means of which the first insert is supported on a rotatable shaft 32, which is driven for rotation by a motor 29 through the intermediary of some suitable system, for instance through a sprocket chain 30 connected to a sprocket wheel mounted on the shaft 32.
  • the insert will also preferably support against rollers 37 which project from the combustion chamber wall 35 and which coact with peripherally extending shoulders 36 or the like formed on the outer surface of the insert 11.
  • rollers 37 which project from the combustion chamber wall 35 and which coact with peripherally extending shoulders 36 or the like formed on the outer surface of the insert 11.
  • one or more of the rollers may have the form of a drive roller and may be arranged, in some suitable manner, to coact with the shoulders 36, for instance such that the insert will be rotated by the frictional forces engendered between roller and shoulder, therewith enabling the rollers 37 to be used for rotation of the insert.
  • a second tubular insert 13 is mounted above the first insert 11.
  • the second insert 13 has the form of a straight cylinder having inwardly curved top and bottom edge surfaces and having a larger diameter than the base of the first insert. Seen in a vertical direction, the beginning of the inwardly bent inner edge surface of the second insert 13 is located on the same level as the beginning of the inwardly bent top edge surface of the first insert 11, such as to form a relatively narrow, annular inlet gap for the passage of secondary air of combus- tion, the flow cross-section of which gap is defined by the curvature of respective inwardly curved edge sur ⁇ faces and by the height position or vertical position of the second insert.
  • the second insert may optionally be connected to the wall of the combustion chamber in a manner such as to enable the height position of the second insert to be adjusted, and therewith also the width of the inlet gap.
  • the combus ⁇ tion chamber and the inserts have a circular cross- section, which is the preferred cross-section.
  • the preferred cross-section it will be understood that other cross-sectional shapes are possible, although less advantageous from the aspect of air flow, since rotation of the first insert is then liable to disturb the ho ogenity of the flow within the arrangement.
  • a third tubular insert 15 which, similar to the first insert 11, has the form of a frustated cone, although with the base facing downwards in contra ⁇ distinction to the base of the first insert. Further ⁇ more, the bottom edge surface of the third insert ex- tends fully to the wall 35 of the combustion chamber. and the third insert will thus form an upper limitation of the annular base between the combustion chamber wall 35 and the outer surfaces of the first and second inserts.
  • the wall of the third insert coacts with the inwardly curved top edge surface of the second insert, such as to form an inlet gap for tertiary air of combustion.
  • the combustion air in the form of an air/flue gas mixture, passes from the fan means to the collecting chambers 42 and into the air distributing tubes 41, therewith cooling the grate and further heating the combustion air.
  • Part of the secondary flow will flow into the interior of the inserts through the gap between the first and second inserts 11, 13.
  • the proportion of combustion air which flows in through this gap is determined substan ⁇ tially by the relationship between the restistance to flow afforded by respective inlet gaps between the inserts 11, 13 and 13, 15 and, when the height positions or vertical positions of the inserts 13, 15 can be adjusted, can thus be adapted to suitable values for mutually different solid fuels.
  • a pre-heated mixture of fresh air and recycled flue gases will thus flow at high speed into the central part of the combustion chamber defined by the inserts, at a height location which is level with the top edge surface of the first insert 11.
  • the secondary air of combustion is guided by the inwardly curved insert edge surfaces defining the inlet gap between the first and second inserts 11, 13, and the mixture will flow radially inwards from the top edge of the insert 11. As indicated in the Figures, this results in local turbulent flow, which produces a highly effective mixture from the gassified fuel contained by the primary flow and the in ⁇ flowing secondary air of combustion. This inflow is effective in supplyling sufficient oxygen to the gassified fuel to achieve the desired oxidation of carbon to carbon monoxide without forming free carbons.
  • the effective mixing and recycling process engendered by said vortex motion greatly assists in generating fav ⁇ ourable conditions for the primary combustion process.
  • the first insert is rotated at a speed adapted to the fuel combustion cycle, such that the quantity of solid fuel falling from the fuel infeed system along a gen- eratrice of the first insert wall will be totally com ⁇ busted (gassified) subsequent to one revolution of the insert, at which point the generatrice will again be located opposite the outlet of the infeed system in the combustion chamber.
  • the following combustion values were achieved when feeding pellets substantially continuously into a com ⁇ bustion chamber constructed in accordance with the invention and having a nominal rating of 500 kW: C0 2 17-20% soot index 0-1 flue gas temperature 1500-1700°C
  • the carbon dioxide content was decreased by one or two units, by successively closing the valve or damper 24, whereas the soot index remained unchanged.
  • the load could be stepped down to about 20%.
  • the measuring values attained indicate that the desired stages in the combustion process were successfully achieved with an arrangement of apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • soot index values attained show that the greater part of the fuel was combusted in a gassified state. said soot index being graduated in a scale from 0-10 and being a measurement of the extent to which free carbon is formed during the combustion process.
  • the carbon dioxide content is directly proportional to the air surplus present during the combustion process and is theoretically between 20-21% during combustion under stoichiometric conditions.
  • the resultant carbon dioxide content values thus show that combustion in an inventive arrangement is effected with a very small air surplus and therewith under substantially stoichiometric conditions.
  • the first insert may be stationary instead of rotatable, in which case the fuel feed system must be constructed to distribute the fuel uniformly over the grate, which can be achie- ved, for instance, by causing the fuel to fall onto a distributing cone mounted in the central part of the combustion chamber.
  • a rotating first insert is preferred, since conventional distributing arrangements have a tendency to disturb excessively the flow in the combustion chamber.
  • final combustion can be achieved in several final stages, by introducing additional gap-forming inserts between the illustrated second and third inserts.
  • the curvature of the inwardly curved edge surfaces of the inserts can be varied, in order to achieve desired gap cross-sections, such as to impart the desired direction and speed to the combustion air flowing into the interior of the combustion chamber.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif pour la combustion de combustibles solides, comprenant une chambre de combustion (3) divisée en une partie interne et une partie externe au moyen d'inserts (11, 13, 15) mutuellement différents. De l'air de combustion est amené à la chambre de combustion par en dessous et est divisé en un flux primaire, lequel s'écoule dans la partie interne de la chambre de combustion, et en un flux secondaire, lequel s'écoule dans la partie externe de la chambre de combustion. Des parties du flux secondaire sont insufflées dans la partie interne de la chambre de combustion, par des ouvertures définies entre les différents inserts. La présente invention permet d'obtenir une chambre de combustion dans laquelle la combustion s'effectue dans la phase dite bleutée.
EP89907347A 1988-06-14 1989-06-13 Dispositif pour la combustion de combustibles solides, comprenant une chambre de combustion pourvue d'inserts destines a reguler l'alimentation en air de combustion Withdrawn EP0393161A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8802223A SE461295B (sv) 1988-06-14 1988-06-14 Anordning foer foerbraenning av fasta braenslen, foersedd med i braennkammaren anordnade insatser foer styrning av tillfoerseln av foerbraenningsluft
SE8802223 1988-06-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0393161A1 true EP0393161A1 (fr) 1990-10-24

Family

ID=20372614

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89907347A Withdrawn EP0393161A1 (fr) 1988-06-14 1989-06-13 Dispositif pour la combustion de combustibles solides, comprenant une chambre de combustion pourvue d'inserts destines a reguler l'alimentation en air de combustion

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0393161A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3839289A (fr)
SE (1) SE461295B (fr)
WO (1) WO1989012786A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE521216C2 (sv) * 1999-09-24 2003-10-14 Kubi Ab Förbränningsugn med roterande botten
DE102009014010B4 (de) * 2009-03-19 2012-02-23 Georg Fischer Gmbh & Co. Kg Brenner für festes, stückiges Brennmaterial

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE377422C (de) * 1922-09-14 1923-06-19 Otto Schulz Lufterhitzer
SE449916B (sv) * 1981-07-23 1987-05-25 Hultgren Karl S H Anordning for forbrenning av fast brensle
CH665468A5 (de) * 1983-05-20 1988-05-13 Theodor Koch Verfahren zur sekundaerluftzufuehrung, sekundaerlufteinlass zur ausfuehrung des verfahrens sowie anwendung des verfahrens.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8912786A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE8802223L (sv) 1989-12-15
SE8802223D0 (sv) 1988-06-14
WO1989012786A1 (fr) 1989-12-28
SE461295B (sv) 1990-01-29
AU3839289A (en) 1990-01-12

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