EP0393015A1 - Floating element - Google Patents

Floating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0393015A1
EP0393015A1 EP90890101A EP90890101A EP0393015A1 EP 0393015 A1 EP0393015 A1 EP 0393015A1 EP 90890101 A EP90890101 A EP 90890101A EP 90890101 A EP90890101 A EP 90890101A EP 0393015 A1 EP0393015 A1 EP 0393015A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
floating element
floating
air
element according
hollow body
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EP90890101A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0393015B1 (en
Inventor
Hermann Stranzinger
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Pavera Patent-Verwertungs-Anstalt Te Vaduz Liecht
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PAVERA Patent-Verwertungs-Anstalt
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Priority claimed from AT88689A external-priority patent/AT393252B/en
Priority claimed from AT219289A external-priority patent/AT398063B/en
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Publication of EP0393015A1 publication Critical patent/EP0393015A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/34—Pontoons
    • B63B35/38—Rigidly-interconnected pontoons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a floating element made of an essentially prismatic plastic hollow body which has connecting parts on the side walls, preferably in the side edge regions, for assembling with other identical floating elements.
  • Such floating elements for example known from AT-Psen 312 039 and 325 094, can be used for floating platforms, boat and landing jetties, but also for work platforms, transport rafts, bridges, oil and dirt barriers and the like. The like. Compose and have already proven their worth due to their diverse range of applications. So far, however, the floating elements consist of closed hollow bodies, the production of which is relatively complex and which, particularly because of their low immersion depth, swim a little uneasily and under load, in waves and. The like. Quite strongly fluctuate.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to remedy these defects and to provide a floating element of the type described, which ensures the assembly of a particularly stable, quiet and safe lying on the water or the like with little effort, light weight and skillful handling .
  • the plastic hollow body has an open underside in a manner known per se and at least one air hole is provided in the walls at a distance from the underside.
  • the open underside allows the water to penetrate into the cavity of the floating element to a depth determined by the arrangement of the air hole, so that the water which has penetrated into the hollow body ensures the stable, low-fluctuation floating position of the floating element.
  • the hollow body, which is open at the bottom, is efficient, for example, can be produced by a spraying process, and the missing underside helps to save material and weight.
  • the air hole is dimensioned relatively small, for example with a diameter of 1 or 2 mm, the element sinks slowly only to the extent of the possible air escape, but the remaining cavity can also only vent slowly when the waves are blowing and the air hole is released Tet, which ensures a quiet location largely unaffected by the waves. Strong fluctuations or even an undesirable lifting of the elements from the water is practically impossible and the swimming stability can be easily adapted to the different conditions by selecting the hole spacing from the underside and also by selecting the hole dimension.
  • the hollow body is divided into at least one partition into downwardly open chambers and each chamber is provided with an air hole
  • the floating position is rationally further stabilized, since the water cushions in the individual chambers counteract mutual level differences and thereby make tilting movements of the floating element considerably more difficult
  • four chambers are advantageously prepared by two intersecting partitions, each having the air hole in one of its outer walls.
  • internal chambers are provided, which are only delimited by partitions, these chambers are connected to the neighboring chambers by their air holes or they can also be ventilated through the upper side, but this does away with their contribution as a buoyancy chamber.
  • At least one wall has a height measuring scale for the subsequent placement of the air holes, drilling the air holes on the spot of the area of use can be facilitated according to the respective circumstances, the measuring scale simplifying and maintaining the selected distances from the underside, especially in the case of several air holes the use of the floating elements can be used to read the immersion depth.
  • the chambers can also be inserted after the Floating and venting floating elements as required and the immersion depth of the elements remains adjustable. It is possible to connect the existing air holes with air lines to a common, central valve or to provide each air hole with its own valve, the height of the air holes being of minor importance, but will be chosen so that if the valves fail an immersion limit of the elements cannot be exceeded.
  • the interior of the hollow body takes at least one air duct or the like that runs in height. on which air ducts form inlet openings at a distance above the underside and into which the air holes lead at a distance above the inlet openings.
  • the immersion depth is no longer determined by the height of the air holes, but by the position of the inlet openings in the air channels, which are in constant communication with the outside air even through the air holes.
  • the hollow body is evenly vented and the floating elements sink in evenly until the water rising inside the hollow body closes the inlet openings of the air channels.
  • the air channels are attached to the top wall of the hollow body, in which the air holes are also located, since the hollow bodies can be produced easily and without difficulty despite the air channels the overhead air holes or the like through adjacent floating elements. cannot be installed or even locked, which would impair the ventilation.
  • each chamber is provided with an air channel, wherein corner chambers delimited by web walls in the corner regions of vertical inner wall edges preferably form these air channels.
  • the water cushions in the individual chambers counteract mutual level differences and make tilting movements of the floating element more difficult.
  • the air ducts can be made in and of themselves in any way, for example by gluing plastic pipes or the like, but corner chambers are particularly well suited for this purpose, since the air ducts are produced practically without additional effort in the course of hollow body production, for example in the injection molding process, the web walls of the air channels bring additional stiffening of the hollow body or the partition walls with them.
  • the floating elements are usually cambered on the top and rounded in the upper edge areas, and it is also possible to stack the floating elements on top of one another to increase the platform or the like. If the underside end faces of the side and partition walls and any stiffening ribs that may be present have a shape that is adapted to the rounding of the top, the elements are mutually centered and positionally positioned.
  • a fender which consists of a longitudinally slotted plastic tube forming slot edges angled outward to fastening flanges, can be plugged horizontally onto the tabs on the adjacent free side walls of at least two assembled floating elements and with the thickness of the tab thickness being interposed adapted washers can be screwed tight, this fender allows the tabs on the free sides of the platform to be clamped together perfectly, as in conventional connecting knots, so that a consistently firm floating element connection is also created in the edge area of the platform.
  • the fender the desired collision protection for boats or the like. achieved, whereby the fenders also create a supply channel through their tube shape, through which water or power cables are laid, but also the air lines for ventilation of the chambers can run.
  • the plastic pipe of the fender has a thinner wall thickness in the jacket area than in the flange area, the required elasticity of the fender, which can thereby reduce the force of boats or the like, and the required strength of the fastening flanges, which hold the tabs together, are easily obtained and connecting the floating elements allowed.
  • the floating element 1 shown consists of an essentially prismatic hollow body 2, which is produced as a plastic injection molded part with an open bottom 3 and the side walls 4 and the top 5 along stiffening ribs 6 and two intersecting partitions 7.
  • the partitions 7 subdivide the hollow body 2 into four downwardly open chambers 8, whereby according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 the side walls 4 have a small air hole 9 for each of the chambers, which air holes 9 are arranged at the same distance from the underside 3 .
  • a height measuring scale 10 on the side or partition walls allows not only a simple retrofitting of the air holes 9, but also a reading of the immersion depth of the floating element 1. As indicated in the embodiment according to FIGS.
  • air holes 9 can be provided, which lead to air holes 9 in the interior of the hollow body 2 on the top wall 5 attached air channels 11.
  • air channels 11 are arranged in the intersection area of the dividing walls 7 and are created by the dividing walls 7 web walls 12 which delimit corner chambers.
  • the air channels 11 extend downward only up to a certain distance above the lower part page 3, where they form inlet openings 13.
  • the floating elements 1 can be combined with other identical elements to form platforms 16 or the like, each floating element 1 having connecting parts designed as tabs 17 in the side edge regions. These tabs 17 are offset in height from each other and provided with an eye 18 for receiving a locking bolt 19.
  • the eyes 18 have circumferential indentations 20 for carrying out the corresponding locking cam 21 equipped locking bolt 19 and the lowest tab 17a additionally has on the underside between the indentations 20 latching recesses 22, into which the locking cams 21 of the locking bolt 19 snap when twisted, so that the locking bolt 19 is secured against being pulled out undesirably.
  • the floating elements 1 can, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 3 and 4, be assembled according to the modular principle in the most varied of floor plans, with four adjoining floating elements being connected and locked by means of a common locking bolt 19 which can be inserted and locked through the overlapping tabs of the adjacent floating elements are held together so that platforms 16 or the like are formed in the desired shape and size.
  • a fender 23 can be plugged onto the tabs 17 on these sides and screwed down, as shown in FIG. 5, from a slotted one Plastic tube 24 with slotted edges angled to mounting flanges 25.
  • the fender 23 is screwed to the tabs 17 via the mounting flanges 25, which have 17 mounting holes 26 at a distance from adjacent tabs, the washers in each case being one Replace proper knot of four overlapping straps, missing two straps.
  • the plastic tube 24 is thin-walled in the jacket area than in the flange area, so that despite sufficient rigidity for the attachment creates a desired elasticity of the pipe part and the task of a fender can be fully fulfilled.
  • the fender 23 can also be used due to its tubular shape as a supply channel through which water pipes, power lines and the like. Like. Can be laid easily and protected.
  • the surface of the floating elements 1 can be provided with a non-slip profile and that the elements can also be used with other conventional additional devices. Equip and equip.

Abstract

A floating element (1) consists of an essentially prismatic plastic hollow body (2) which, on the side walls (4), preferably in the side-edge areas, has connecting parts (17) for assembling with other identical floating elements. <??>In order to reduce the cost of manufacture and to improve the floating position, the hollow body (2) has an open underside (3), and an air hole (9) arranged at a distance from the underside (3) is provided in the walls (4). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Schwimmelement aus einem im wesentlichen prismatischen Kunststoff-Hohlkörper, der an den Seitenwänden, vorzugsweise in den Seitenkanten­bereichen Verbindungsteile zum Zusammensetzen mit anderen gleichen Schwimmelementen aufweist.The invention relates to a floating element made of an essentially prismatic plastic hollow body which has connecting parts on the side walls, preferably in the side edge regions, for assembling with other identical floating elements.

Solche beispielsweise aus den AT-Psen 312 039 und 325 094 bekannten Schwimmelemente lassen sich zu schwimmenden Platt­formen, Boots- und Landungsstegen, aber auch zu Arbeits­bühnen, Transportflößen, Brücken, Öl- und Schmutzsperren u. dgl. zusammensetzen und haben sich auf Grund ihres viel­fältigen Einsatz- und Anwendungsbereiches auch bereits bestens bewährt. Bisher bestehen allerdings die Schwimm­elemente aus geschlossenen Hohlkörpern, deren Herstellung verhältnismäßig aufwendig ist und die vor allem wegen ihrer geringen Eintauchtiefe etwas unruhig schwimmen und bei Belastung, bei Wellengang u. dgl. recht stark zum Schwanken neigen.Such floating elements, for example known from AT-Psen 312 039 and 325 094, can be used for floating platforms, boat and landing jetties, but also for work platforms, transport rafts, bridges, oil and dirt barriers and the like. The like. Compose and have already proven their worth due to their diverse range of applications. So far, however, the floating elements consist of closed hollow bodies, the production of which is relatively complex and which, particularly because of their low immersion depth, swim a little uneasily and under load, in waves and. The like. Quite strongly fluctuate.

Gemäß der US-PS 3 861 340 wurden auch schon quaderförmige Schwimmkörper vorgeschlagen, die aus einem Schaumstoffkern und einer Schutzhülle aus Glasfasermaterial bestehen. Diese Schwimmkörper sind wegen ihrer Instabilität im Wasser aber nicht als Einzelelemente einsetzbar, sondern nur in Form eines Rahmens, auf dem dann mit Hilfe von Planken eine Plattform aufgebaut wird. Die Schwimmkörper sind außerdem recht unhandlich und mussen von vornherein auf ihren Be­stimmungszweck angepaßt werden, was ihren Fertigungsauf­wand erhöht und den Anwendungsbereich einschränkt.According to US Pat. No. 3,861,340, cuboidal floating bodies have also been proposed, which consist of a foam core and a protective cover made of glass fiber material. Because of their instability in the water, these floating bodies cannot be used as individual elements, but only in the form of a frame on which a platform is then built up with the help of planks. The floats are also quite unwieldy and must be adapted to their intended purpose from the outset, which increases their production costs and limits the area of application.

Wie aus der US-PS 3 276 209 hervorgeht, gibt es weiters Schwimmelemente aus Beton mit nach unten offenen Schwimm­zellen, die Über ein Druckluftsystem, das für jede Zelle ein abwärts ragendes Zuluftrohr und ein Entlüftungsventil in der Decke umfaßt, druckbelüftet werden. Es handelt sich also um sehr aufwendige, schwere Konstruktionen, die sich nur für Großbauwerke, wie Wellenbrecher, eignen und bei denen im Gegensatz zu Kunststoff-Hohlkörpern nicht der zu geringen, sondern der zu großen Eintauchtiefe begegnet werden muß.As is apparent from US Pat. No. 3,276,209, there are also floating elements made of concrete with floating cells which are open at the bottom and which are pressurized by means of a compressed air system which comprises a downwardly projecting supply air pipe and a ventilation valve in the ceiling for each cell. It is therefore very complex, heavy structures that are only suitable for large structures, such as breakwaters, and in which, in contrast to plastic hollow bodies, the immersion depth, which is not too small, must be countered.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Mängel zu beseitigen und ein Schwimmelement der eingangs geschil­derten Art zu schaffen, das bei aufwandsarmer Herstellung, leichtem Gewicht und geschickter Handhabung das Zusammen­setzen einer besonders stabilen, ruhig und sicher am Wasser liegenden Plattform od. dgl. gewährleistet.The invention is therefore based on the object to remedy these defects and to provide a floating element of the type described, which ensures the assembly of a particularly stable, quiet and safe lying on the water or the like with little effort, light weight and skillful handling .

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß der Kunst­stoff-Hohlkörper in an sich bekannter Weise eine offene Unterseite besitzt und in den Wänden wenigstens ein mit Abstand von der Unterseite angeordnetes Luftloch vorgesehen ist. Die offene Unterseite erlaubt das Eindringen des Wassers in den Hohlraum des Schwimmelementes bis zu einer durch die Anordnung des Luftloches bestimmten Tiefe, so daß das in den Hohlkörper eingedrungene Wasser für die stabile, schwankungsarme Schwimmlage des Schwimmelementes sorgt. Dabei ist der unten offene Hohlkörper rationell, beispielsweise durch ein Spritzverfahren herstellbar und die fehlende Unterseite hilft Material und Gewicht einzu­sparen. Wird das Luftloch verhältnismäßig klein bemessen, beispielsweise mit 1 oder 2 mm Durchmesser, sinkt das Ele­ment zwar nur im Maße der möglichen Luftentweichung langsam ein, doch kann der verbleibende Hohlraum bei Wellengang und einem Freigeben des Luftloches auch nur langsam belüf­ tet werden, was eine vom Wellengang weitgehend unbeeinträch­tigte ruhige Lage gewährleistet. Starke Schwankungen oder gar ein unerwünschtes Abheben der Elemente vom Wasser ist praktisch unmöglich und die Schwimmstabilität läßt sich durch Wahl des Lochabstandes von der Unterseite und auch durch die Wahl der Lochdimension an die unterschiedlichen Gegebenheiten problemlos anpassen.The invention solves this problem in that the plastic hollow body has an open underside in a manner known per se and at least one air hole is provided in the walls at a distance from the underside. The open underside allows the water to penetrate into the cavity of the floating element to a depth determined by the arrangement of the air hole, so that the water which has penetrated into the hollow body ensures the stable, low-fluctuation floating position of the floating element. The hollow body, which is open at the bottom, is efficient, for example, can be produced by a spraying process, and the missing underside helps to save material and weight. If the air hole is dimensioned relatively small, for example with a diameter of 1 or 2 mm, the element sinks slowly only to the extent of the possible air escape, but the remaining cavity can also only vent slowly when the waves are blowing and the air hole is released Tet, which ensures a quiet location largely unaffected by the waves. Strong fluctuations or even an undesirable lifting of the elements from the water is practically impossible and the swimming stability can be easily adapted to the different conditions by selecting the hole spacing from the underside and also by selecting the hole dimension.

Ist der Hohlkörper erfindungsgemäß durch zumindest eine Trennwand in nach unten offene Kammern unterteilt und jede Kammer mit einem Luftloch versehen, ergibt sich auf ratio­nelle Weise eine weitere Stabilisierung der Schwimmlage, da die Wasserpolster in den einzelnen Kammern gegenseitigen Niveauunterschieden entgegenwirken und dadurch Kippbewegun­gen des Schwimmelementes beträchtlich erschweren, wobei zweckmäßigerweise durch zwei sich kreuzende Trennwände vier Kammern vorbereitet werden, die jeweils in einer ihrer Außenwände das Luftloch aufweisen. Sind auch innenliegende, nur von Trennwänden begrenzte Kammern vorgesehen, sind diese Kammern durch ihre Luftlöcher mit den benachbarten Kammern verbunden oder sie können auch durch die Oberseite belüftet sein, wodurch aber auf ihren Beitrag als Auftriebs­kammer verzichtet wird.If, according to the invention, the hollow body is divided into at least one partition into downwardly open chambers and each chamber is provided with an air hole, the floating position is rationally further stabilized, since the water cushions in the individual chambers counteract mutual level differences and thereby make tilting movements of the floating element considerably more difficult , where four chambers are advantageously prepared by two intersecting partitions, each having the air hole in one of its outer walls. If internal chambers are provided, which are only delimited by partitions, these chambers are connected to the neighboring chambers by their air holes or they can also be ventilated through the upper side, but this does away with their contribution as a buoyancy chamber.

Weist wenigstens eine Wand eine Höhenmeßskala zum nachträg­lichen Setzen der Luftlöcher auf, kann das Bohren der Luft­löcher an Ort und Stelle des Einsatzbereiches entsprechend den jeweiligen Gegebenheiten erleichtert werden, wobei die Meßskala vor allem bei mehreren Luftlöchern das Einhal­ten der gewählten Abstände von der Unterseite vereinfacht und nach dem Einsatz der Schwimmelemente zum Ablesen der Eintauchtiefe herangezogen werden kann.If at least one wall has a height measuring scale for the subsequent placement of the air holes, drilling the air holes on the spot of the area of use can be facilitated according to the respective circumstances, the measuring scale simplifying and maintaining the selected distances from the underside, especially in the case of several air holes the use of the floating elements can be used to read the immersion depth.

Ist den Luftlöchern erfindungsgemäß ein Ventil zugeordnet, lassen sich die Kammern auch nach dem Einsetzen der Schwimmelemente bedarfsweise be- und entlüften und die Eintauchtiefe der Elemente bleibt regulierbar. Dabei ist es möglich, die vorhandenen Luftlöcher mit Luftleitungen an ein gemeinsames, zentrales Ventil anzuschließen oder auch jedes Luftloch mit einem eigenen Ventil zu versehen, wobei die Höhenlage der Luftlöcher von untergeordneter Bedeutung ist, jedoch so gewählt werden wird, daß bei einem Versagen der Ventile ein Eintauch-Grenzwert der Elemente nicht überschritten werden kann.If a valve is assigned to the air holes according to the invention, the chambers can also be inserted after the Floating and venting floating elements as required and the immersion depth of the elements remains adjustable. It is possible to connect the existing air holes with air lines to a common, central valve or to provide each air hole with its own valve, the height of the air holes being of minor importance, but will be chosen so that if the valves fail an immersion limit of the elements cannot be exceeded.

Nach einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Er­findung nimmt der Hohlkörper in seinem Inneren wenigstens einen der Höhe nach verlaufenden Luftkanal od.dgl. auf, welche Luftkanäle mit Abstand oberhalb der Unterseite Ein­trittsöffnungen bilden und in welche mit Abstand oberhalb der Eintrittsöffnungen die Luftlöcher führen. Bei diesen Hohlkörpern wird die Eintauchtiefe nicht mehr durch die Höhenlage der Luftlöcher bestimmt, sondern durch die Lage der Eintrittsöffnungen in die Luftkanäle, die selbst über die Luftlöcher ständig mit der Außenluft in Verbindung stehen. Es kommt zu einer gleichmäßigen Entlüftung des Hohlkörpers und einem gleichmäßigen Einsinken der Schwimm­elemente, bis das im Inneren der Hohlkörper hochsteigende Wasser die Eintrittsöffnungen der Luftkanäle verschließt. Da sich auftretende Schwankungen und Wellenbewegungen im Inneren des Hohlkörpers im Bereich der Eintrittsöffnun­gen im Vergleich zur Außenseite nur gedämpft und gemildert bemerkbar machen, ist ein Freilegen der Eintrittsöffnun­gen nicht mehr zu befürchten und das Schwimmelement liegt mit sicherer, gleichbleibender Eindringtiefe im Wasser.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the interior of the hollow body takes at least one air duct or the like that runs in height. on which air ducts form inlet openings at a distance above the underside and into which the air holes lead at a distance above the inlet openings. With these hollow bodies, the immersion depth is no longer determined by the height of the air holes, but by the position of the inlet openings in the air channels, which are in constant communication with the outside air even through the air holes. The hollow body is evenly vented and the floating elements sink in evenly until the water rising inside the hollow body closes the inlet openings of the air channels. Since fluctuations and wave movements occurring in the interior of the hollow body in the area of the inlet openings are only attenuated and softened in comparison to the outside, there is no longer any fear of exposing the inlet openings and the floating element lies in the water with a safe, constant depth of penetration.

Günstig ist es, wenn die Luftkanäle an der Deckwand des Hohlkörpers angesetzt sind, in der auch die Luftlöcher liegen, da sich so die Hohlkörper trotz der Luftkanäle einfach und ohne Schwierigkeiten herstellen lassen und die oben liegenden Luftlöcher auch durch benachbarte Schwimmelemente od.dgl. nicht verlegt oder gar verschlos­sen werden können, was die Entlüftung beeinträchtigen würde.It is expedient if the air channels are attached to the top wall of the hollow body, in which the air holes are also located, since the hollow bodies can be produced easily and without difficulty despite the air channels the overhead air holes or the like through adjacent floating elements. cannot be installed or even locked, which would impair the ventilation.

Gibt es einen in Kammern unterteilten Hohlkörper, ist jede Kammer mit einem Luftkanal versehen, wobei vorzugsweise durch Stegwände in den Eckbereichen vertikaler Wandinnen­kanten abgegrenzte Eckkammern diese Luftkanäle bilden. Die Wasserpolster in den einzelnen Kammern wirken gegen­seitigen Niveauunterschieden entgegen und erschweren Kippbewegungen des Schwimmelementes. Dabei können die Luftkanäle an und für sich auf beliebige Weise, etwa durch Einkleben von Kunststoffrohren od.dgl., hergestellt sein, doch eignen sich dazu besonders gut Eckkammern, da so im Zuge der Hohlkörperfertigung beispielsweise im Spritzguß­verfahren praktisch ohne Mehraufwand die Luftkanäle mitgefertigt werden, wobei die Stegwände der Luftkanäle eine zusätzliche Versteifung des Hohlkörpers bzw. der Trennwände mit sich bringen.If there is a hollow body subdivided into chambers, each chamber is provided with an air channel, wherein corner chambers delimited by web walls in the corner regions of vertical inner wall edges preferably form these air channels. The water cushions in the individual chambers counteract mutual level differences and make tilting movements of the floating element more difficult. The air ducts can be made in and of themselves in any way, for example by gluing plastic pipes or the like, but corner chambers are particularly well suited for this purpose, since the air ducts are produced practically without additional effort in the course of hollow body production, for example in the injection molding process, the web walls of the air channels bring additional stiffening of the hollow body or the partition walls with them.

Aus optischen und herstellungstechnischen Gründen sind die Schwimmelemente an der Oberseite meist bombiert und in den Oberkantenbereichen abgerundet und es ist auch mög­lich, zur Erhöhung der Plattform od. dgl. die Schwimmele­mente aufeinanderzusetzen. Weisen dabei die unterseitigen Stirnflächen der Seiten- und Trennwände sowie der gegebenen­falls vorhandenen Versteifungsrippen eine an die Abrundungen der Oberseite angepaßte Form auf, kommt es beim Aufeinander­setzen der Elemente zu einem gegenseitigen Zentrieren und lagesicheren Positionieren der Elemente.For optical and manufacturing reasons, the floating elements are usually cambered on the top and rounded in the upper edge areas, and it is also possible to stack the floating elements on top of one another to increase the platform or the like. If the underside end faces of the side and partition walls and any stiffening ribs that may be present have a shape that is adapted to the rounding of the top, the elements are mutually centered and positionally positioned.

Üblicherweise dienen gegeneinander höhenversetzte Laschen als Verbindungsteile, so daß beim Zusammensetzen der Ele­mente die Laschen der benachbarten Elemente einander über­greifen und mittels eines gemeinsamen Verriegelungsbolzens od. dgl. zu einem Verbindungsknoten vereint werden können. An den freibleibenden Seitenwänden einer zusammengesetzten Plattform od. dgl. sind jeweils nur zwei Laschen der be­nachbarten Elemente vorhanden, so daß hier eine ordnungs­gemäße Knotenausbildung fehlt. Ist nun nach einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ein Fender, der aus einem längsgeschlitzten, zu Befestigungsflanschen auswärts abgewinkelte Schlitzränder bildenden Kunststoffrohr besteht, an den nebeneinanderliegenden freien Seitenwänden wenigstens zweier zusammengesetzter Schwimmelemente hori­zontal auf die Laschen aufsteckbar und unter Zwischenlage von in der Dicke an die Laschenstärke angepaßten Beilag­scheiben festschraubbar, lassen sich durch diesen Fender die Laschen der freien Plattformseiten einwandfrei wie in üblichen Verbindungsknoten zusammenspannen, so daß auch im Randbereich der Plattform eine gleichbleibend feste Schwimmelementenverbindung entsteht. Darüber hinaus wird durch den Fender gleichzeitig der gewünschte Anfahrschutz für Boote od.dgl. erreicht, wobei die Fender zusätzlich durch ihre Rohrform einen Versorgungskanal schaffen, durch den Wasser- oder Stromkabel verlegt werden aber auch die Luftleitungen zur Be- und Entlüftung der Kammern verlaufen können.Usually, vertically offset tabs serve as connecting parts, so that when the elements are assembled, the tabs of the adjacent elements overlap one another and by means of a common locking bolt or the like. Can be combined to form a connection node. On the remaining free side walls of a composite platform or the like, there are only two tabs of the adjacent elements, so that proper knot formation is missing here. Now, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, a fender, which consists of a longitudinally slotted plastic tube forming slot edges angled outward to fastening flanges, can be plugged horizontally onto the tabs on the adjacent free side walls of at least two assembled floating elements and with the thickness of the tab thickness being interposed adapted washers can be screwed tight, this fender allows the tabs on the free sides of the platform to be clamped together perfectly, as in conventional connecting knots, so that a consistently firm floating element connection is also created in the edge area of the platform. In addition, the fender the desired collision protection for boats or the like. achieved, whereby the fenders also create a supply channel through their tube shape, through which water or power cables are laid, but also the air lines for ventilation of the chambers can run.

Besitzt das Kunststoffrohr des Fenders im Mantelbereich eine dünnere Wandstärke als im Flanschbereich, kommt es auf einfache Weise zur erforderlichen Elastizität des Fenders, der dadurch die Wucht anfahrender Boote od. dgl. mildern kann, und zur erforderlichen Festigkeit der Be­festigungsflansche,die das Zusammenhalten der Laschen und Verbinden der Schwimmelemente erlaubt.If the plastic pipe of the fender has a thinner wall thickness in the jacket area than in the flange area, the required elasticity of the fender, which can thereby reduce the force of boats or the like, and the required strength of the fastening flanges, which hold the tabs together, are easily obtained and connecting the floating elements allowed.

In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand schematisch veranschaulicht, und zwar zeigen

  • Fig. 1 und 2 ein erfindungsgemäßes Schwimmelement in Drauf­sicht bzw. im Vertikalschnitt nach der Linie II-II der Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine aus diesen Schwimmelementen zusammengesetzte Schwimmplattform in Draufsicht kleineren Maßstabes,
  • Fig. 4 einen Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV der Fig. 3 grö­ßeren Maßstabes,
  • Fig. 5 einen an der Plattform befestigten Fender im Quer­schnitt ebenfalls größeren Maßstabes und
  • Fig. 6 und 7 ein weiteres Ausfuhrungsbeispiel eines erfin­dungsgemäßen Schwimmelementes in Draufsicht bzw. im Vertikalschnitt.
In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is illustrated schematically, namely show
  • 1 and 2 an inventive floating element in plan view or in vertical section along the line II-II of Fig. 1,
  • 3 shows a floating platform composed of these floating elements in plan view on a smaller scale,
  • 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3 on a larger scale,
  • Fig. 5 is a fender attached to the platform in cross section also larger scale and
  • 6 and 7 a further exemplary embodiment of a floating element according to the invention in plan view and in vertical section.

Das dargestellte Schwimmelement 1 besteht aus einem im wesentlichen prismatischen Hohlkörper 2, der als Kunststoff­spritzteil mit offener Unterseite 3 und den Seitenwänden 4 sowie der Oberseite 5 entlang verlaufenden Versteifungs­rippen 6 und zwei sich kreuzenden Trennwänden 7 hergestellt ist. Die Trennwände 7 unterteilen den Hohlkörper 2 in vier nach unten offene Kammern 8, wobei gemäß dem Ausfuhrungs­beispiel nach Fig. 1 und 2 die Seitenwände 4 für jede der Kammern ein kleines Luftloch 9 aufweisen, welche Luftlöcher 9 mit gleichem Abstand von der Unterseite 3 angeordnet sind. Eine Höhenmeßskala 10 an den Seiten- oder Trennwänden erlaubt dabei nicht nur ein einfaches nachträgliches Setzen der Luftlöcher 9, sondern auch ein Ablesen der Eintauchtiefe des Schwimmelementes 1. Wie im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 6 und 7 angedeutet, kann für jede Kammer 8 auch in der Deckwand 5 ein Luftloch 9 vorgesehen sein, welche Luft­löcher 9 in im Inneren des Hohlkörpers 2 an der Deckwand 5 angesetzte Luftkanäle 11 führen. Diese Luftkanäle sind im Kreuzungsbereich der Trennwände 7 angeordnet und ent­stehen durch die Trennwände 7 zu Eckkammern abgrenzende Stegwände 12. Die Luftkanäle 11 erstrecken sich abwärts nur bis zu einem bestimmten Abstand oberhalb der Unter­ seite 3, wo sie Eintrittsöffnungen 13 bilden.The floating element 1 shown consists of an essentially prismatic hollow body 2, which is produced as a plastic injection molded part with an open bottom 3 and the side walls 4 and the top 5 along stiffening ribs 6 and two intersecting partitions 7. The partitions 7 subdivide the hollow body 2 into four downwardly open chambers 8, whereby according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 the side walls 4 have a small air hole 9 for each of the chambers, which air holes 9 are arranged at the same distance from the underside 3 . A height measuring scale 10 on the side or partition walls allows not only a simple retrofitting of the air holes 9, but also a reading of the immersion depth of the floating element 1. As indicated in the embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7, for each chamber 8 can also in the Cover wall 5, an air hole 9 can be provided, which lead to air holes 9 in the interior of the hollow body 2 on the top wall 5 attached air channels 11. These air channels are arranged in the intersection area of the dividing walls 7 and are created by the dividing walls 7 web walls 12 which delimit corner chambers. The air channels 11 extend downward only up to a certain distance above the lower part page 3, where they form inlet openings 13.

Diese unten offenen Schwimmelemente 1 tauchen im Wasser bis zu einer durch die Lage der seitlichen Luftlöcher 9 oder der Eintrittsöffnungen 13 bestimmten Tiefe ein, in der der Wasserspiegel die Luftlöcher 9 oder die Luftka­näle 11 verschließt und der komprimierte Luftpolster in den oberen Kammerbereichen die erforderlichen Auftriebs­kräfte bewirkt. Das in die Kammern 8 eindringende Wasser gewährleistet eine ruhige, sichere Schwimmlage des Schwimm­elementes 1 und die Aufteilung in Kammern sorgt für ein weitgehend kipp- und schwankungsfreies Schwimmen. Die innenliegenden Luftkanäle 11, die über die Luftlöcher 9 in Außenluftverbindung stehen, verhindern hier auch bei stärkeren Schwankbewegungen eine weitere Entlüftung der Kammern und damit ein ungewolltes Ändern der Eindring­tiefe.These floating elements 1, which are open at the bottom, are immersed in the water to a depth determined by the position of the lateral air holes 9 or the inlet openings 13, at which the water level closes the air holes 9 or the air channels 11 and the compressed air cushion in the upper chamber areas causes the necessary buoyancy forces . The water penetrating into the chambers 8 ensures a calm, safe swimming position of the floating element 1 and the division into chambers ensures swimming that is largely free of tipping and fluctuations. The internal air channels 11, which are in external air connection via the air holes 9, prevent further ventilation of the chambers and thus an undesired change in the penetration depth, even in the case of strong fluctuating movements.

Um gegebenenfalls beim Aufeinandersetzen zweier Hohlkör­per 2 zum Erhöhen der Schwimmelemente eine Zentrierung und rutschsichere Positionierung zu erreichen, kann die Unterseite, wie in Fig. 2 strichpunktiert angedeutet, im Bereich der unteren Stirnflächen von Seiten- und Trennwänden bzw. Versteifungsrippen eine der Form der Oberseite 5 mit ihren Abrundungen 14 im Oberkantenbereich od. dgl. angepaßten Verlauf 15 nehmen.In order to achieve centering and non-slip positioning when two hollow bodies 2 are placed one on top of the other to increase the floating elements, the underside, as indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG with their roundings 14 in the upper edge region or the like.

Die Schwimmelemente 1 lassen sich mit anderen gleichen Elementen zu Plattformen 16 od. dgl. zusammensetzen, wobei jedes Schwimmelement 1 in den Seitenkantenbereichen als Laschen 17 ausgebildete Verbindungsteile aufweist. Diese Laschen 17 sind gegeneinander höhenversetzt und mit einem Auge 18 zur Aufnahme eines Verriegelungsbolzens 19 ver­sehen. Die Augen 18 besitzen umfangseitige Einbuchtungen 20 zum Durchführen des mit entsprechenden Sperrnocken 21 ausgestatteten Verriegelungsbolzens 19 und jeweils die unterste Lasche 17a weist zusätzlich an der Unterseite zwischen den Einbuchtungen 20 Rastausnehmungen 22 auf, in die die Sperrnocken 21 des Verriegelungsbolzens 19 bei einer Verdrehung einrasten, so daß der gesetzte Verrie­gelungsbolzen 19 gegen ein unerwünschtes Herausziehen gesichert ist.The floating elements 1 can be combined with other identical elements to form platforms 16 or the like, each floating element 1 having connecting parts designed as tabs 17 in the side edge regions. These tabs 17 are offset in height from each other and provided with an eye 18 for receiving a locking bolt 19. The eyes 18 have circumferential indentations 20 for carrying out the corresponding locking cam 21 equipped locking bolt 19 and the lowest tab 17a additionally has on the underside between the indentations 20 latching recesses 22, into which the locking cams 21 of the locking bolt 19 snap when twisted, so that the locking bolt 19 is secured against being pulled out undesirably.

Die Schwimmelemente 1 können, wie insbesondere aus Fig. 3 und 4 ersichtlich, nach dem Baukastenprinzip in verschie­densten Grundrißformen zusammengesetzt werden, wobei je­weils vier aneinanderstoßende Schwimmelemente mittels eines gemeinsamen Verriegelungsbolzens 19, der durch die über­einandergreifenden Laschen der benachbarten Schwimmele­mente hindurchsteckbar und verriegelbar ist, verbunden und zusammengehalten werden, so daß Plattformen 16 od. dgl. in gewünschter Gestalt und Größe entstehen.The floating elements 1 can, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 3 and 4, be assembled according to the modular principle in the most varied of floor plans, with four adjoining floating elements being connected and locked by means of a common locking bolt 19 which can be inserted and locked through the overlapping tabs of the adjacent floating elements are held together so that platforms 16 or the like are formed in the desired shape and size.

Um an den freien Seitenwänden 4 der zur Plattform 16 zu­sammengesetzten Schwimmelemente 1 ebenfalls einen ordnungs­gemäßen Zusammenhalt der Schwimmelemente zu erreichen, kann auf die Laschen 17 an diesen Seiten ein Fender 23 aufgesteckt und festgeschraubt werden, der, wie aus Fig.5 hervorgeht, aus einem geschlitzten Kunststoffrohr 24 mit zu Befestigungsflanschen 25 abgewinkelten Schlitzrändern besteht. Unter Zwischenlage nicht weiter dargestellter Beilagscheiben, die in ihrer Dicke der Dicke der Laschen 17 entsprechen, wird der Fender 23 über die Befestigungs­flansche 25, die im Abstand benachbarter Laschen 17 Be­festigungslöcher 26 aufweisen, an den Laschen 17 festge­schraubt, wobei die Beilagscheiben jeweils die zu einem ordnungsgemäßen Knoten von vier übereinanderliegenden Laschen fehlenden zwei Laschen ersetzen. Das Kunststoff­rohr 24 ist im Mantelbereich dünnwandinger als im Flansch­bereich, so daß trotz einer ausreichenden Steifigkeit für die Befestigung eine erwünschte Elastizität des Rohrteiles entsteht und die Aufgabe eines Fenders voll erfüllt werden kann. Der Fender 23 ist darüber hinaus auf Grund seiner Rohrform als Versorgungskanal verwendbar, durch den Wasser­leitungen, Stromleitungen u. dgl. einfach und geschützt verlegt werden können.In order to also achieve proper cohesion of the floating elements on the free side walls 4 of the floating elements 1 assembled to the platform 16, a fender 23 can be plugged onto the tabs 17 on these sides and screwed down, as shown in FIG. 5, from a slotted one Plastic tube 24 with slotted edges angled to mounting flanges 25. With the interposition of washers, not shown, which correspond in thickness to the thickness of the tabs 17, the fender 23 is screwed to the tabs 17 via the mounting flanges 25, which have 17 mounting holes 26 at a distance from adjacent tabs, the washers in each case being one Replace proper knot of four overlapping straps, missing two straps. The plastic tube 24 is thin-walled in the jacket area than in the flange area, so that despite sufficient rigidity for the attachment creates a desired elasticity of the pipe part and the task of a fender can be fully fulfilled. The fender 23 can also be used due to its tubular shape as a supply channel through which water pipes, power lines and the like. Like. Can be laid easily and protected.

Es versteht sich von selbst, daß die Oberfläche der Schwimm­elemente 1 mit einer rutschsicheren Profilierung versehen sein kann und sich die Elemente auch mit anderen üblichen Zusatzeinrichtungen u. dgl. bestücken und ausrüsten lassen.It goes without saying that the surface of the floating elements 1 can be provided with a non-slip profile and that the elements can also be used with other conventional additional devices. Equip and equip.

Claims (10)

1. Schwimmelement (1) aus einem im wesentlichen prismatischen Kunststoff-Hohlkörper (2), der an den Seitenwänden (4), vorzugsweise in den Seitenkantenbereichen Verbindungsteile (17) zum Zusammensetzen mit anderen gleichen Schwimmele­menten (1) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kunststoff-Hohlkörper (2) in an sich bekannter Weise eine offene Unterseite (3) besitzt und in den Wänden (4) wenigstens ein mit Abstand von der Unterseite (3) angeordnetes Luftloch (9) vorgesehen ist.1. Floating element (1) made of a substantially prismatic plastic hollow body (2) which on the side walls (4), preferably in the side edge areas, connecting parts (17) for assembling with other identical floating elements (1), characterized in that Plastic hollow body (2) has an open underside (3) in a manner known per se and at least one air hole (9) arranged at a distance from the underside (3) is provided in the walls (4). 2. Schwimmelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlkörper (2) durch zumindest eine Trennwand (7) in nach unten offene Kammern (8) unterteilt und jede Kammer (8) mit einem Luftloch (9) versehen ist.2. Floating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow body (2) divided by at least one partition (7) into downwardly open chambers (8) and each chamber (8) is provided with an air hole (9). 3. Schwimmelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß wenigstens eine Wand (4, 7) eine Höhenmeßskala (10) zum nachträglichen Setzen der Luftlöcher aufweist.3. Floating element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one wall (4, 7) has a height measuring scale (10) for the subsequent setting of the air holes. 4. Schwimmelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den Luftlöchern ein Ventil zugeordnet ist.4. Floating element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a valve is assigned to the air holes. 5. Schwimmelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlkörper (2) in seinem Inneren wenigstens einen der Höhe nach verlaufenden Luftkanal (11) od.dgl. aufnimmt, welche Luftkanäle (11) mit Abstand oberhalb der Unterseite (3) Eintrittsöffnungen (13) bilden und in welche mit Abstand oberhalb der Eintrittsöffnungen (13) die Luftlöcher (9) führen.5. Floating element according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the hollow body (2) in its interior at least one of the height-extending air channel (11) or the like. records which air channels (11) form inlet openings (13) at a distance above the underside (3) and into which the air holes (9) lead at a distance above the inlet openings (13). 6. Schwimmelement nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luftkanäle (11) an der Deckwand (5) des Hohlkör­ pers (2) angesetzt sind, in der auch die Luftlöcher (9) liegen.6. Floating element according to claim 5, characterized in that the air channels (11) on the top wall (5) of the hollow body pers (2) are set, in which the air holes (9) are also located. 7. Schwimmelement nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Kammer (8) eines in Kammern (8) unterteilten Hohlkörpers (2) mit einem Luftkanal (11) versehen ist, wobei vorzugsweise durch Stegwände (12) in den Eckbereichen vertikaler Wandinnenkanten abgegrenzte Eckkammern diese Luftkanäle (11) bilden.7. Floating element according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that each chamber (8) of a hollow body (2) divided into chambers (8) is provided with an air channel (11), preferably through web walls (12) in the corner areas Defined corner chambers of vertical wall inner edges form these air channels (11). 8. Schwimmelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, mit abgerundeten Oberkantenbereichen od. dgl., dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die unterseitigen Stirnflächen der Seiten- und Trennwände (4, 7) sowie der gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Versteifungsrippen (6) eine an die Abrundungen (14) der Oberseite (5) angepaßte Form (15) aufweisen.8. Floating element according to one of claims 1 to 7, with rounded top edge areas or the like., Characterized in that the underside end faces of the side and partition walls (4, 7) and any stiffening ribs (6) present one at the roundings (14th ) have the upper side (5) adapted shape (15). 9. Schwimmelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, mit gegeneinander höhenversetzten Laschen als Verbindungsteile, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Fender (23), der aus einem längsgeschlitzten, zu Befestigungsflanschen (25) auswärts abgewinkelte Schlitzränder bildenden Kunststoffrohr (24) besteht, an den nebeneinanderliegenden freien Seitenwänden (4) wenigstens zweier zusammengesetzter Schwimmelemente (1) horizontal auf die Laschen (17) aufsteckbar und unter Zwischenlage von in der Dicke an die Laschenstärke ange­paßten Beilagscheiben festschraubbar ist.9. Floating element according to one of claims 1 to 8, with mutually vertically offset tabs as connecting parts, characterized in that a fender (23) consisting of a longitudinally slotted, to fastening flanges (25) angled outward slit edges forming plastic tube (24) to the Adjacent free side walls (4) of at least two assembled floating elements (1) can be plugged horizontally onto the brackets (17) and screwed in place with washers adapted in thickness to the bracket thickness. 10. Schwimmelement nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kunststoffrohr (24) im Mantelbereich eine dünnere Wandstärke besitzt als im Flanschbereich.10. Floating element according to claim 9, characterized in that the plastic tube (24) has a thinner wall thickness in the jacket area than in the flange area.
EP90890101A 1989-04-14 1990-04-05 Floating element Expired - Lifetime EP0393015B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88689A AT393252B (en) 1989-04-14 1989-04-14 Floating element consisting of an essentially prismatic plastic hollow body
AT886/89 1989-04-14
AT2192/89 1989-09-20
AT219289A AT398063B (en) 1989-09-20 1989-09-20 Floating element consisting of an essentially prismatic plastic hollow body

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EP0393015A1 true EP0393015A1 (en) 1990-10-17
EP0393015B1 EP0393015B1 (en) 1994-08-10

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CA (1) CA2014361A1 (en)
DE (1) DE59006737D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0393015T3 (en)
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TR (1) TR25079A (en)

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FR2664558A1 (en) * 1990-07-10 1992-01-17 Fact Anal Scp Floating platform with dimensions which can be varied as desired and which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture
WO1999014110A1 (en) * 1997-09-12 1999-03-25 Ocean Innovations, Inc. Floating drive-on dry dock assembly having a supporting beam
US5931113A (en) * 1997-09-12 1999-08-03 Ocean Innovations, Inc. Floating drive on dry dock assembly having a supporting beam
EP1925548A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2008-05-28 Insulae Natantes S.r.l. Floating module and modular floating structure with variable configuration
DE102011012113A1 (en) 2011-02-23 2012-08-23 Daimler Ag Surface swimming platform and floating elements for their production
WO2012113508A1 (en) 2011-02-23 2012-08-30 Daimler Ag Useful-area floating platform and floating elements for the production thereof
DE102012010973A1 (en) 2012-06-02 2012-12-13 Daimler Ag Active surface platform for constructing building elements e.g. walls, of factory, has floor structure located on substrate, on which platform segment is displaceably arranged, where platform is located on substrate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2062497T3 (en) 1994-12-16
US5125355A (en) 1992-06-30
TR25079A (en) 1992-11-01
CA2014361A1 (en) 1990-10-14
DE59006737D1 (en) 1994-09-15
EP0393015B1 (en) 1994-08-10
DK0393015T3 (en) 1995-03-20

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