EP0392939B1 - Thermoplastic fabric - Google Patents

Thermoplastic fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0392939B1
EP0392939B1 EP19900420165 EP90420165A EP0392939B1 EP 0392939 B1 EP0392939 B1 EP 0392939B1 EP 19900420165 EP19900420165 EP 19900420165 EP 90420165 A EP90420165 A EP 90420165A EP 0392939 B1 EP0392939 B1 EP 0392939B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermoplastic
fabric
reinforcing
tissues
tissue
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19900420165
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0392939A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Jaillet
Jean-Marc Berthier
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HEXCEL SOCIETE ANONYME:
Original Assignee
Hexcel SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0392939A1 publication Critical patent/EP0392939A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0392939B1 publication Critical patent/EP0392939B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D11/02—Fabrics formed with pockets, tubes, loops, folds, tucks or flaps
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
    • D03D15/267—Glass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
    • D03D15/275—Carbon fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/573—Tensile strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/587—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads adhesive; fusible
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • D04B21/165—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads with yarns stitched through one or more layers or tows, e.g. stitch-bonded fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
    • D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/041—Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
    • D10B2403/02412—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties including several arrays of unbent yarn, e.g. multiaxial fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/348—Mechanically needled or hydroentangled

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to thermoplastic fabrics, which can be shaped and worked directly by the action of heat, in order to obtain various rigid objects or parts having a relatively large developed surface, for example hollow objects.
  • such a fabric generally comprises thermo-plastic threads, and reinforcing threads, integrated in the thickness and distributed regularly according to the surface of the fabric.
  • the latter is generally obtained by traditional weaving methods, even if of course it is a technical weaving.
  • a fabric comprising at least two superimposed fabrics, each composed of rigid threads, playing a reinforcing role, and of bonding threads of rigid threads, of thermo-plastic nature. , all these threads being woven in at least two superimposed fabrics.
  • the latter are linked to each other by binding threads, independent of the assembled fabrics, or taken from one and / or the other of said fabrics.
  • Relatively rigid fur threads, independent of the two fabrics, are interposed in a weft between the latter, and ensure filling of the gap between the two fabrics.
  • thermosetting plastic material added on both sides to the cut fabric and kept in shape.
  • thermo-plastic fabric Although partly composed of thermo-plastic threads, by the nature of the plastic material retained, such a fabric is not a thermo-plastic fabric as defined above, in the sense that it cannot be worked and shaped directly by heat. Besides, the weight proportion of the wires made of thermo-plastic material is quite insufficient to cause the latter to play by melting, a role of matrix, that is to say of binder in volume of the rigid wires.
  • the fabric according to document EP-A-0 299 309 can only serve as a surface support, and not in thickness, for coating with a thermosetting resin, with or without molding.
  • a rigid complex has been proposed, the core or central core of which is constituted by a fabric comprising two superimposed fabrics, joined together by rigid threads, giving the assembly resistance when crushed.
  • the two fabrics are coated on their respective external faces with a thermosetting resin, possibly loaded or reinforced with a mat of fibers, for example glass fibers.
  • the present invention relates to a reinforced thermo-plastic fabric having improved conformability in terms of flexibility and deformability, making it possible to drape or marry relatively complex shapes.
  • the present invention also relates to a thermo-plastic fabric making it possible to locate and vary, in a precise manner, practically without limit, the quantity of thermo-plastic resin provided per unit of area.
  • the present invention also relates to a thermo-plastic fabric, the technique for obtaining which remains traditional, or classic, and is essentially apparent from the production processes of the textile industry.
  • the gap between a reinforcing fabric and an adjacent and superimposed thermoplastic fabric, belonging to the same fabric is free of any intermediate material, such as a material or threads of fur, other than tying means serving to join the two adjacent fabrics together.
  • a fabric is assigned to the reinforcement, does not exclude that it may comprise in a hybrid manner, but in a minority proportion, wires made of thermoplastic resin.
  • thermo-plastic matrix does not exclude that it may comprise, in a hybrid manner, but in a minority proportion, reinforcing threads.
  • the joining of the fabrics to one another can be obtained by any suitable means of tying or hanging, for example according to weaving or knitting techniques.
  • the connecting wire can be distinct from the tissues, added in some way, or belong to one and / or the other of the tissues.
  • the attachment can be obtained by sewing the fabrics together.
  • twist is meant both a continuous yarn and a long length assembly of staple fibers, held together by any suitable means, such as twisting.
  • fabric is meant an interleaving of warp and weft threads, whatever the relative orientations of these threads.
  • reinforcement is meant for the material, the wire or the tissue considered, the property according to which the latter has a higher mechanical resistance than that of the adjacent material, wire, or thermo-plastic fabric.
  • thermoplastic material can also be a thermoplastic material different from that adjacent, by its mechanical properties or resistance to heat.
  • thermo-plastic matrix is meant a mass of a plastic material, drowning or integrating after heating the reinforcing wires, and giving the whole coherence, cohesion and rigidity.
  • the present invention provides the following determining advantages.
  • the assignment of the reinforcement and thermo-plastic matrix functions, to at least two fabrics respectively, allows, if desired, to distribute and distribute the thermo-plastic resin in a regular and homogeneous manner, over the entire surface and in the thickness. of the fabric, when it is shaped by heat. It suffices to apply the desired pressure on both sides of the fabric, during its shaping by heat, with or without molding.
  • the invention also makes it possible to locate and supply the thermo-plastic resin in a differentiated and controlled manner, and this by appropriate weaving of the thermo-plastic fabric relative to the reinforcement fabric.
  • the invention also makes it possible to locate and supply the thermo-plastic resin in a differentiated and controlled manner, and this by appropriate weaving of the thermo-plastic fabric relative to the reinforcement fabric.
  • the invention also makes it possible to locate and provide differentiated and controlled reinforcement, by appropriate weaving of the reinforcement fabric with respect to the thermoplastic fabric.
  • the attachment of the two fabrics is obtained by bonding with certain weft threads 7, belonging to the fabric 4 of thermo-plastic matrix.
  • the fabric comprises two outer fabrics 11 and 12, thermoplastic, and an inner fabric 4 and reinforcement interlayer.
  • the binding threads 711, 712 respectively belong to the two thermoplastic fabrics 11 and 12, so as not to disturb the straightness of the reinforcing threads 5 and 6.
  • a fabric conforming to FIG. 2 has the effect of giving the pieces obtained a smooth and definitive surface appearance.
  • the second thermoplastic fabric 12 can be added only at the places where the bonding must take place. This allows to make in a single operation a part comprising "monolithic” parts and “sandwich” parts.
  • thermoplastic fabric according to the invention consisting of the superposition of several thermoplastic fabrics 1a to 1d, and several reinforcing fabrics 4a to 4c, a reinforcing fabric being interposed between two thermoplastic fabrics .
  • the shaping of such a fabric is effected by the action of heat, with a pressure applied on either side of the fabric, in directions 50 and 51 in opposite directions.
  • a fabric is represented according to the invention, and according to the embodiment of FIG. 2, in which the different fabrics 4, 11, and 1 are linked to each other by the so-called RASCHEL technique or MALI.

Abstract

Fabric consisting of thermoplastic threads and of reinforcing threads, comprising in a superposed manner at least two tissues (1, 4) joined integrally to each other, characterised in that in order to obtain a thermoplastic fabric, at least one (1) of the superposed tissues is intended for the reinforcement and comprises predominantly threads (2, 3) made of a reinforcing material, and at least another (4) of the superposed tissues forms a thermoplastic matrix and comprises predominantly threads (5, 6) made of thermoplastic resin, while the interstice (8) between a reinforcing tissue (1) and an adjacent thermoplastic tissue (4) is free of any insert material other than that (7) used to join these two tissues together. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne les étoffes thermo-plastiques, pouvant être façonnées et travaillées directement par action de la chaleur, pour obtenir divers objets ou pièces rigides présentant une surface développée relativement importante, par exemple des objets creux.The present invention relates to thermoplastic fabrics, which can be shaped and worked directly by the action of heat, in order to obtain various rigid objects or parts having a relatively large developed surface, for example hollow objects.

Selon l'état de la technique, une telle étoffe comprend de manière générale des fils thermo-plastiques, et des fils de renfort, intégrés dans l'épaisseur et distribués régulièrement selon la surface de l'étoffe. Cette dernière est obtenue en général selon des procédés traditionnels de tissage, même si bien entendu il s'agit d'un tissage technique.According to the state of the art, such a fabric generally comprises thermo-plastic threads, and reinforcing threads, integrated in the thickness and distributed regularly according to the surface of the fabric. The latter is generally obtained by traditional weaving methods, even if of course it is a technical weaving.

Après découpe appropriée d'une telle étoffe, celle-ci peut être travaillée directement de différentes manières, notamment :

  • après ramollissement des fils thermo-plastiques, par estompage, à la manière du travail des métaux en feuilles
  • par moulage sous presse, en moule ouvert ou fermé, avec action de la chaleur
  • par moulage en autoclave
After appropriate cutting of such a fabric, it can be worked directly in different ways, in particular:
  • after softening of the thermoplastic wires, by blurring, in the manner of working sheet metals
  • by press molding, in open or closed mold, with heat action
  • by autoclave molding

Par ailleurs, conformément au document EP-A-O 299 309, on a décrit une étoffe comprenant au moins deux tissus superposés, composés chacun de fils rigides, jouant un rôle de renfort, et de fils de liaison des fils rigides, de nature thermo-plastique, tous ces fils étant tissés selon au moins deux tissus superposés. Ces derniers sont liés l'un à l'autre par des fils de liage, indépendants des tissus assemblés, ou pris sur l'un et/ou l'autre desdits tissus. Des fils de fourrure relativement rigides, indépendants des deux tissus, sont intercalés en trame entre ces derniers, et assurent un remplissage de l'interstice entre les deux tissus.Furthermore, in accordance with document EP-AO 299 309, a fabric has been described comprising at least two superimposed fabrics, each composed of rigid threads, playing a reinforcing role, and of bonding threads of rigid threads, of thermo-plastic nature. , all these threads being woven in at least two superimposed fabrics. The latter are linked to each other by binding threads, independent of the assembled fabrics, or taken from one and / or the other of said fabrics. Relatively rigid fur threads, independent of the two fabrics, are interposed in a weft between the latter, and ensure filling of the gap between the two fabrics.

Ces étoffes sont travaillées et façonnées en plusieurs étapes, d'abord par découpe et mise en forme limitée par la rigidité des fils de fourrure, puis par imprégnation avec une matière plastique thermodurcissable, rapportée de part et d'autre sur l'étoffe découpée et maintenue en forme.These fabrics are worked and shaped in several stages, first by cutting and shaping limited by the rigidity of the fur threads, then by impregnation with a thermosetting plastic material, added on both sides to the cut fabric and kept in shape.

Quoique composée pour partie de fils thermo-plastiques, par la nature du matériau plastique retenu, une telle étoffe n'est pas une étoffe thermo-plastique telle que définie précédemment, au sens où elle ne peut être travaillée et façonnée directement par la chaleur. D'ailleurs, la proportion pondérale des fils en matériau thermo-plastique est bien insuffisante pour faire jouer à ces derniers par fusion, un rôle de matrice, c'est à dire de liant en volume des fils rigides.Although partly composed of thermo-plastic threads, by the nature of the plastic material retained, such a fabric is not a thermo-plastic fabric as defined above, in the sense that it cannot be worked and shaped directly by heat. Besides, the weight proportion of the wires made of thermo-plastic material is quite insufficient to cause the latter to play by melting, a role of matrix, that is to say of binder in volume of the rigid wires.

En définitive, l'étoffe selon le document EP-A-0 299 309 ne peut servir que de support superficiel, et non en épaisseur, à l'enduction avec une résine thermo-durcissable, avec ou sans moulage.Ultimately, the fabric according to document EP-A-0 299 309 can only serve as a surface support, and not in thickness, for coating with a thermosetting resin, with or without molding.

Conformément au document EP-A-0 299 309, on a proposé un complexe rigide, dont l'âme ou noyau central est constitué par une étoffe comprenant deux tissus superposés, solidarisés entre eux par des fils rigides, conférant à l'ensemble une résistance à l'écrasement. Les deux tissus sont revêtus sur leurs faces extérieures respectives par une résine thermo-durcissable, éventuellement chargée ou renforcée par un mat de fibres, par exemple de fibres de verre.In accordance with document EP-A-0 299 309, a rigid complex has been proposed, the core or central core of which is constituted by a fabric comprising two superimposed fabrics, joined together by rigid threads, giving the assembly resistance when crushed. The two fabrics are coated on their respective external faces with a thermosetting resin, possibly loaded or reinforced with a mat of fibers, for example glass fibers.

Comme déjà décrit dans le document EP-A-0 299 309, on retrouve une étoffe constituée par un double tissu, servant à l'enduction avec une résine thermo-durcissable, et en aucun cas, il ne s'agit d'une étoffe thermo-plastique, au sens défini précédemment, c'est-à-dire d'une étoffe pouvant être façonnée directement avec l'action de la chaleur, pour aboutir à toutes sortes d'objets ou structures rigides, creux en général.As already described in document EP-A-0 299 309, there is a fabric consisting of a double fabric, used for coating with a thermosetting resin, and in no case is it a fabric thermo-plastic, in the sense defined above, that is to say a fabric that can be shaped directly with the action of heat, to result in all kinds of rigid objects or structures, generally hollow.

La présente invention a pour objet une étoffe thermo-plastique renforcée présentant une conformabilité améliorée en termes de souplesse et déformabilité, permettant de draper ou épouser des formes relativement complexes.The present invention relates to a reinforced thermo-plastic fabric having improved conformability in terms of flexibility and deformability, making it possible to drape or marry relatively complex shapes.

La présente invention a également pour objet une étoffe thermo-plastique permettant de localiser et varier, de manière précise, pratiquement sans limite, la quantité de résine thermo-plastique apportée par unité de surface.The present invention also relates to a thermo-plastic fabric making it possible to locate and vary, in a precise manner, practically without limit, the quantity of thermo-plastic resin provided per unit of area.

La présente invention a également pour objet une étoffe thermo-plastique, dont la technique d'obtention reste traditionnelle, ou classique, et ressort essentiellement des processus de production de l'industrie textile.The present invention also relates to a thermo-plastic fabric, the technique for obtaining which remains traditional, or classic, and is essentially apparent from the production processes of the textile industry.

Selon la présente invention, on part d'une structure textile traditionnelle, composée d'au moins deux tissus superposés, voire beaucoup plus, ces tissus étant solidarisés l'un à l'autre ou les uns aux autres, par des moyens classiques, tels que fils de liage, couture, etc... Mais, de manière déterminante selon l'invention, les fils thermo-plastiques et de renfort sont distribués dans l'étoffe de la manière suivante :

  • au moins l'un des tissus superposés est affecté au renfort, et comprend à cette fin, majoritairement des fils de renfort
  • et au moins un autre des tissus superposés est affecté à l'obtention de la matrice thermo-plastique, et comprend à cette fin, majoritairement des fils en résine thermo-plastique.
According to the present invention, one starts from a traditional textile structure, composed of at least two superposed fabrics, or even much more, these fabrics being secured to one another or to each other, by conventional means, such as as binding threads, sewing, etc. But, decisively according to the invention, thermo-plastic threads and reinforcement are distributed in the fabric as follows:
  • at least one of the superimposed fabrics is assigned to the reinforcement, and comprises for this purpose, mainly reinforcing threads
  • and at least one other of the superimposed fabrics is assigned to obtaining the thermo-plastic matrix, and comprises for this purpose, mainly wires of thermo-plastic resin.

Et, l'interstice entre un tissu de renfort et un tissu thermoplastique adjacent et superposé, appartenant à la même étoffe, est libre de tout matériau intercalaire, tel qu'un matériau ou des fils de fourrure, autre que des moyens de liage servant à solidariser les deux tissus adjacents entre eux.And, the gap between a reinforcing fabric and an adjacent and superimposed thermoplastic fabric, belonging to the same fabric, is free of any intermediate material, such as a material or threads of fur, other than tying means serving to join the two adjacent fabrics together.

Le fait qu'un tissu soit affecté au renfort, n'exclut pas qu'il puisse comporter de manière hybride, mais en proportion minoritaire, des fils en résine thermo-plastique.The fact that a fabric is assigned to the reinforcement, does not exclude that it may comprise in a hybrid manner, but in a minority proportion, wires made of thermoplastic resin.

Le fait qu'un tissu soit affecté à l'obtention de la matrice thermo-plastique n'exclut pas qu'il puisse comporter, de manière hybride, mais en proportion minoritaire, des fils de renfort.The fact that a fabric is assigned to obtaining the thermo-plastic matrix does not exclude that it may comprise, in a hybrid manner, but in a minority proportion, reinforcing threads.

La solidarisation des tissus les uns aux autres peut être obtenue par tous moyens de liage ou accrochage approprié, par exemple selon des techniques de tissage ou tricotage. En particulier, le fil de liaison peut être distinct des tissus, rapporté en quelque sorte, ou appartenir à l'un et/ou l'autre des tissus. L'accrochage peut être obtenu par couture des tissus entre eux.The joining of the fabrics to one another can be obtained by any suitable means of tying or hanging, for example according to weaving or knitting techniques. In particular, the connecting wire can be distinct from the tissues, added in some way, or belong to one and / or the other of the tissues. The attachment can be obtained by sewing the fabrics together.

Pour l'interprétation et la compréhension de la présente invention, il convient de donner les définitions suivantes.For the interpretation and understanding of the present invention, the following definitions should be given.

Par "fil", on entend aussi bien un fil continu qu'un assemblage de grande longueur de fibres discontinues, maintenues entre elles par tout moyen approprié, tel que torsion.By "yarn" is meant both a continuous yarn and a long length assembly of staple fibers, held together by any suitable means, such as twisting.

Par "comprenant majoritairement", on entend le fait que l'unité de surface du tissu considéré contient un pourcentage pondéral majoritaire des fils du matériau considéré.By "comprising mainly" is meant the fact that the surface unit of the tissue considered contains a majority weight percentage of the threads of the material considered.

Par "tissu", on désigne un entrelas de fils de chaine et de fils de trame, quelles que soient les orientations relatives de ces fils.By "fabric" is meant an interleaving of warp and weft threads, whatever the relative orientations of these threads.

A titre de résine thermo-plastique pouvant être utilisée selon l'invention, on peut citer, à titre d'exemple, les matières suivantes:

  • polyétherimides (en abrégé PEI)
  • polyéther-éthercétones (en abrégé PEEK)
  • polycarbonate
  • polymères à cristaux liquides (en abrégé LCP)
  • polysulfures de phénylène (en abrégé PPS)
  • polyéthersulfones (en abrégé PES)
As thermoplastic resin which can be used according to the invention, the following materials may be mentioned, by way of example:
  • polyetherimides (abbreviated PEI)
  • polyether etherketones (abbreviated PEEK)
  • polycarbonate
  • liquid crystal polymers (abbreviated LCP)
  • phenylene polysulphides (abbreviated PPS)
  • polyethersulfones (abbreviated PES)

Par "renfort", on entend pour le matériau, le fil ou le tissu considéré, la propriété selon laquelle ce dernier dispose d'une résistance mécanique supérieure à celle du matériau, du fil, ou du tissu thermo-plastique adjacent.By "reinforcement" is meant for the material, the wire or the tissue considered, the property according to which the latter has a higher mechanical resistance than that of the adjacent material, wire, or thermo-plastic fabric.

Il peut s'agir d'un matériau de renfort usuel, non thermo-plastique, tel que :

  • verre
  • aramide
  • carbone
  • silice.
It can be a usual reinforcing material, not thermoplastic, such as:
  • glass
  • aramid
  • carbon
  • silica.

Il peut s'agir aussi d'un matériau thermo-plastique différant de celui adjacent, par ses propriétés mécaniques ou de résistance à la chaleur.It can also be a thermoplastic material different from that adjacent, by its mechanical properties or resistance to heat.

Par "matrice thermo-plastique", on entend une masse d'un matériau plastique, noyant ou intégrant après chauffage les fils de renfort, et donnant à l'ensemble cohérence, cohésion et rigidité.By "thermo-plastic matrix" is meant a mass of a plastic material, drowning or integrating after heating the reinforcing wires, and giving the whole coherence, cohesion and rigidity.

La présente invention apporte les avantages déterminants suivants.The present invention provides the following determining advantages.

L'affectation des fonctions de renfort et de matrice thermo-plastique, à au moins deux tissus respectivement, permet si on le désire de distribuer et répartir la résine thermo-plastique de manière régulière et homogène, sur toute la surface et dans l'épaisseur de l'étoffe, lors de son façonnage par la chaleur. Il suffit pour cela d'appliquer la pression voulue sur les deux faces de l'étoffe, lors de son façonnage par la chaleur, avec ou sans moulage.The assignment of the reinforcement and thermo-plastic matrix functions, to at least two fabrics respectively, allows, if desired, to distribute and distribute the thermo-plastic resin in a regular and homogeneous manner, over the entire surface and in the thickness. of the fabric, when it is shaped by heat. It suffices to apply the desired pressure on both sides of the fabric, during its shaping by heat, with or without molding.

Mais inversement, l'invention permet aussi de localiser et apporter la résine thermo-plastique de manière différenciée et contrôlée, et ce par un tissage approprié du tissu thermo-plastique par rapport au tissu de renfort. Ainsi, si l'on désire accroître la quantité de résine thermo-plastique dans une zone donnée de la surface de l'objet fini, il suffit de prévoir dans la zone correspondante (avant façonnage) du tissu thermo-plastique, une plus grande densité ou surplus de fils thermoplastique. Ceci peut permettre par exemple d'obtenir des nervures locales sur certaines pièces comme les boîtes à bagage pour cabines d'avions.But conversely, the invention also makes it possible to locate and supply the thermo-plastic resin in a differentiated and controlled manner, and this by appropriate weaving of the thermo-plastic fabric relative to the reinforcement fabric. Thus, if one wishes to increase the quantity of thermo-plastic resin in a given zone of the surface of the finished object, it suffices to provide in the corresponding zone (before shaping) of the thermo-plastic fabric, a greater density or excess thermoplastic yarn. This can make it possible for example to obtain local ribs on certain parts such as the luggage boxes for aircraft cabins.

De la même manière, l'invention permet aussi de localiser et apporter un renfort différencié et contrôlé, par un tissage approprié du tissu de renfort par rapport au tissu thermo-plastique.In the same way, the invention also makes it possible to locate and provide differentiated and controlled reinforcement, by appropriate weaving of the reinforcement fabric with respect to the thermoplastic fabric.

Pour terminer, en déterminant l'armure du tissu de renfort, en correspondance avec l'armure du tissu de matrice, on peut obtenir et maîtriser l'aspect de surface des pièces ou objets façonnés.Finally, by determining the weave of the reinforcement fabric, in correspondence with the weave of the matrix fabric, it is possible to obtain and control the surface appearance of the pieces or shaped objects.

Les tissus thermo-plastiques ou de matrice, et de renfort peuvent être obtenus ensemble en une seule étape de fabrication, de manière continue, selon les techniques usuelles de tissage. En particulier, on se réfèrera utilement aux ouvrages suivants, dont le contenu est intégré en tant que de besoin à la présente description :

  • "Le tissage et ses armures", par H. DUQUESNE, publié par l'Institut Textile de France en 1976, pages 74 à 78.
  • "Anciens tissus de la fabrique, de la soierie et du tissage lyonnais, Manuel de théorie du tissage", Tome I - tissus unis, par Claude VILLARD, pages 187 à 202.
  • "Cours de théorie de tissage, la soie, tissus unis, armures classiques", par Félix GUICHERD, pages 248 à 255.
Thermoplastic or matrix and reinforcing fabrics can be obtained together in a single manufacturing step, continuously, according to the usual weaving techniques. In particular, we will usefully refer to the following works, the content of which is integrated as necessary in this description:
  • "Weaving and its armor", by H. DUQUESNE, published by the Textile Institute of France in 1976, pages 74 to 78.
  • "Old Fabrics of the Factory, Silk and Lyonnais Weaving, Textile Theory Manual", Volume I - Plain fabrics, by Claude VILLARD, pages 187 to 202.
  • "Course in weaving theory, silk, plain fabrics, classic weaves", by Félix GUICHERD, pages 248 to 255.

Les accrochages entre tissus superposés peuvent être réalisés par points de liage obtenus par :

  • chaînes du tissu de matrice et/ou du tissu de renfort,
  • trames du tissu de matrice et/ou du tissu de renfort,
  • chaînes supplémentaires, distinctes du tissu de matrice et du tissu de renfort,
  • trames supplémentaires, distinctes du tissu de matrice et du tissu de renfort,
  • et toutes combinaisons appropriées des points de liage ci-dessus.
Attachments between superimposed fabrics can be achieved by tying points obtained by:
  • chains of matrix fabric and / or reinforcing fabric,
  • wefts of matrix fabric and / or reinforcing fabric,
  • additional chains, separate from the matrix fabric and the reinforcement fabric,
  • additional wefts, separate from the matrix fabric and the reinforcement fabric,
  • and any appropriate combinations of the above tie points.

La figure 1 du dessin annexe illustre de manière schématique la structure d'un tissu conforme à l'invention. Un tel tissu comporte :

  • un tissu de renfort 1 composé de fils de chaîne 2 et de fils de trame 3
  • un tissu de matrice 4, thermo-plastique, composé de fils de chaînes 5 et de fils de trame 6.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing schematically illustrates the structure of a fabric according to the invention. Such a fabric comprises:
  • a reinforcing fabric 1 composed of warp threads 2 and weft threads 3
  • a matrix fabric 4, thermo-plastic, composed of warp threads 5 and weft threads 6.

L'accrochage des deux tissus est obtenu par liage avec certains fils 7 de trame, appartenant au tissu 4 de matrice thermo-plastique.The attachment of the two fabrics is obtained by bonding with certain weft threads 7, belonging to the fabric 4 of thermo-plastic matrix.

Un tableau ci-après illustre l'invention par l'exposé de quatre exemples.

Figure imgb0001
A table below illustrates the invention by the presentation of four examples.
Figure imgb0001

Conformément à la figure 2, l'étoffe comprend deux tissus 11 et 12 extérieurs, thermo-plastiques, et un tissu 4 intérieur et intercalaire de renfort. Les fils de liage 711, 712 appartiennent respectivement aux deux tissus thermo-plastiques 11 et 12, de manière à ne pas perturber la rectitude des fils de renfort 5 et 6.In accordance with FIG. 2, the fabric comprises two outer fabrics 11 and 12, thermoplastic, and an inner fabric 4 and reinforcement interlayer. The binding threads 711, 712 respectively belong to the two thermoplastic fabrics 11 and 12, so as not to disturb the straightness of the reinforcing threads 5 and 6.

A titre d'exmple, une étoffe triple tissu conforme à la figure 2, comprend :

  • un tissu thermo-plastique 11 à armure toile
  • un tissu de renfort 4 en fibres de carbone, à 280 g/m², en satin de 5
  • un tissu thermo-plastique 12 à armure toile
By way of example, a triple fabric fabric conforming to FIG. 2, includes:
  • a thermo-plastic fabric 11 with plain weave
  • a reinforcing fabric 4 in carbon fibers, at 280 g / m², in satin of 5
  • a thermo-plastic fabric 12 with plain weave

Une étoffe conforme à la figure 2 a pour effet de donner aux pièces obtenues un aspect de surface lisse et définitif.A fabric conforming to FIG. 2 has the effect of giving the pieces obtained a smooth and definitive surface appearance.

A titre de variante du mode d'exécution selon la figure 2 :

  • le premier tissu thermo-plastique 11, par exemple en PEKK ou polycarbonate, peut servir à consolider le tissu de renfort 4, pour obtenir uns stratifié structural
  • le second tissu thermo-plastique 12, par exemple en PPS ou PES, peut servir à coller un matériau alvéolaire à cellules tubulaires, par exemple en nid d'abeille.
As a variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 2:
  • the first thermo-plastic fabric 11, for example PEKK or polycarbonate, can be used to consolidate the reinforcing fabric 4, to obtain a structural laminate
  • the second thermo-plastic fabric 12, for example made of PPS or PES, can be used to glue a cellular material with tubular cells, for example honeycomb.

Le second tissu thermo-plastique 12 peut être ajouté uniquement aux endroits où doit avoir lieu le collage. Ceci permet de faire en une seule opération une pièce comportant des parties "monolithiques" et des parties "sandwich".The second thermoplastic fabric 12 can be added only at the places where the bonding must take place. This allows to make in a single operation a part comprising "monolithic" parts and "sandwich" parts.

Conformément à la figure 3, on a représenté une étoffe thermoplastique selon l'invention consistant en la superposition de plusieurs tissus thermo-plastiques 1a à 1d, et de plusieurs tissus de renfort 4a à 4c, un tissu de renfort étant intercalé entre deux tissus thermoplastiques. Le façonnage d'une telle étoffe s'effectue par action de la chaleur, avec une pression appliquée de part et d'autre de l'étoffe, dans les directions 50 et 51 en sens inverse.In accordance with Figure 3, there is shown a thermoplastic fabric according to the invention consisting of the superposition of several thermoplastic fabrics 1a to 1d, and several reinforcing fabrics 4a to 4c, a reinforcing fabric being interposed between two thermoplastic fabrics . The shaping of such a fabric is effected by the action of heat, with a pressure applied on either side of the fabric, in directions 50 and 51 in opposite directions.

Conformément à la figure 5, on a représenté une étoffe selon l'invention, et selon le mode d'exécution de la figure 2, dans laquelle les différents tissus 4, 11, et 1 sont liés les uns aux autres par la technique dite RASCHEL ou MALI.In accordance with FIG. 5, a fabric is represented according to the invention, and according to the embodiment of FIG. 2, in which the different fabrics 4, 11, and 1 are linked to each other by the so-called RASCHEL technique or MALI.

Claims (8)

  1. Fabric made up of thermoplastic fibres and of reinforcing fibres, comprising, in a superposed manner, at least two tissues (1, 4) joined firmly to each other, characterized in that in order to obtain a reinforced thermoplastic fabric, at least one (1) of the superposed tissues is dedicated to reinforcement and comprises predominantly fibres (2, 3) of reinforcing material, and at least one other (4) of the superposed tissues constitutes a thermoplastic matrix and comprises predominantly fibres (5, 6) of thermoplastic resin, while the gap (8) between a reinforcing tissue (1) and an adjacent thermoplastic tissue (4) is free of any inserted material other than means of binding (7) used to join these two tissues firmly together.
  2. Fabric according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing tissue (1) also comprises, in a hybrid manner, fibres of thermoplastic resin.
  3. Fabric according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thermoplastic tissue (4) also comprises, in a hybrid manner, fibres of reinforcing material.
  4. Fabric according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two thermoplastic outer tissues (11, 12) and an inserted interior reinforcing tissue (4).
  5. Fabric according to Claim 4, characterized in that one of the thermoplastic tissues (11) serves as a matrix for the inserted reinforcing tissue (4), and the other thermoplastic tissue (12) serves for adhesively bonding a structure added to the fabric, especially a cellular material with tubular cells.
  6. Fabric according to Claim 1, characterized in that the firm bonding (7) of the tissues to each other is obtained by binding fibres using weaving or knitting.
  7. Fabric according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing material is chosen from the following materials, namely glass, aramid, carbon, silica and thermoplastic plastic material.
  8. Fabric according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thermoplastic resin is chosen from the following materials, namely polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, liquid crystal polymer, polyphenylene sulphide, polyethersulphone, polycarbonate.
EP19900420165 1989-04-14 1990-04-03 Thermoplastic fabric Expired - Lifetime EP0392939B1 (en)

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FR8905237A FR2645881B1 (en) 1989-04-14 1989-04-14 THERMO-PLASTIC FABRIC
FR8905237 1989-04-14

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EP0392939B1 true EP0392939B1 (en) 1994-06-22

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US5160485A (en) 1992-11-03
CA2014428A1 (en) 1990-10-14
DE69010059D1 (en) 1994-07-28
JPH0369629A (en) 1991-03-26
DE69010059T2 (en) 1994-10-27
EP0392939A1 (en) 1990-10-17
CA2014428C (en) 1998-09-29
ATE107714T1 (en) 1994-07-15
FR2645881A1 (en) 1990-10-19

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