EP0392036A1 - Method and compensation of the disturbed parts of the signals in a measuring system - Google Patents
Method and compensation of the disturbed parts of the signals in a measuring system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0392036A1 EP0392036A1 EP89106361A EP89106361A EP0392036A1 EP 0392036 A1 EP0392036 A1 EP 0392036A1 EP 89106361 A EP89106361 A EP 89106361A EP 89106361 A EP89106361 A EP 89106361A EP 0392036 A1 EP0392036 A1 EP 0392036A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compensation
- value
- values
- measuring
- channel
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/26—Electrical actuation by proximity of an intruder causing variation in capacitance or inductance of a circuit
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for compensating interfering signal components in the measuring signals of a measuring system with a certain number of measuring channels, each measuring signal having a channel-independent component, which is weighted with a channel-dependent compensation coefficient, and an additive, channel-dependent interfering component.
- the object of the invention is to compensate these signals with one another with the aim of separating the common signal component in all signals from individual signal components in a single signal.
- better compensation of weather-related signal profiles is to be achieved, for example for a capacitive protective fence, with the aim of improved detection of intrusion attempts.
- a preliminary compensated measurement signal sk (i) is first determined, as previously.
- a preliminary compensation value sum is determined from the measurement signals x (i) by weighted averaging, a kind of estimated value of the common component s, which is inversely weighted and subtracted from the individual signals, as described above by the two relationships (2) and (3) is expressed.
- the signal value sk (i) obtained in this way which is referred to as a provisionally compensated measurement signal value, basically represents an approximation of the individual signal component n (i) sought.
- the compensation method is advantageously further developed in such a way that approximate values ⁇ (i) of the additive interference components n (i) are determined, and that the provisional compensation value sum is corrected as a function of correction values n ⁇ i determined therefrom in accordance with the above-mentioned relationship (4 ') .
- the final compensated measurement signal values are then determined for each measuring channel in accordance with equation 3' given above.
- the correction values n ⁇ (j) for the severely disturbed measuring channels (j) are derived from the approximate values ⁇ (j) .
- the correction values can correspond directly to the approximate values.
- it is much more advantageous to determine the correction values from the approximate values as a function of a predeterminable threshold value n0 (j) . The following relationship then applies when determining the correction value of the severely disturbed measuring channels j 1 - J:
- An expedient search strategy consists in the fact that the values for several such measurement channels are identical.
- Two channels with negligibly small additive interference components which are referred to below with the index m and l, are therefore advantageously determined by searching for those components sk (m) and sk (l) whose values differ as little as possible, that is form a minimum. The minimum is determined according to the following relationship:
- the search for weakly disturbed channels can be extended to any number of channels.
- the compensation coefficient A (i) was used as a known empirical value of constant size.
- the compensation coefficients can also be determined in a suitable manner from the measurement signals x (i) , for example by energy nomination of the measurement signals in a predetermined time window.
- the correction of the measured signal values is achieved by correction values before the final calculation of the compensated signal values, the correction values being determined from approximately calculated additive components.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Indication And Recording Devices For Special Purposes And Tariff Metering Devices (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
- Noise Elimination (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Kompensation störender Signalanteile in den Meßsignalen eines Meßsystems mit einer bestimmten Anzahl von Meßkanälen, wobei jedes Meßsignal eine kanalunabhängige Komponente, die mit einem kanalabhängigen Kompensationskoeffizienten gewichtet ist, und eine additive, kanalabhängige störende Komponente aufweist.The invention relates to a method for compensating interfering signal components in the measuring signals of a measuring system with a certain number of measuring channels, each measuring signal having a channel-independent component, which is weighted with a channel-dependent compensation coefficient, and an additive, channel-dependent interfering component.
Gegeben ist ein Meßsystem mit beispielsweise 1 Meßkanälen, die im allgemeinen zeitabhängige Meßsignale x (i), mit i = 1 bis I, liefern. Jedes Meßsignal wird durch eine kanalunabhängige Komponente (gemeinsamen Signalanteil) s, die mit einem kanalabhängigen, im allgemeinen auch zeitabhängigen Kompensationskoeffizienten A(i) gewichtet ist, sowie durch eine additive, kanalabhängige störende Komponente (individueller Signalanteil bzw. Störkomponente) n (i) gemäß folgender Beziehung modelliert:
x(i) = A(i) . s + n(i) (1)
Given is a measuring system with, for example, 1 measuring channels, which generally deliver time-dependent measuring signals x (i) , with i = 1 to I. Each measurement signal is characterized by a channel-independent component (common signal component) s, which is weighted with a channel-dependent, generally also time-dependent compensation coefficient A (i) , and by an additive, channel-dependent interfering component (individual signal component or interference component) n (i) according to modeled the following relationship:
x (i) = A (i) . s + n (i) (1)
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Kompensation dieser Signale untereinander mit dem Ziel, den gemeinsamen Signalanteil in allen Signalen von individuellen Signalanteilen in einem einzelnen Signal zu trennen. Dabei soll eine bessere Kompensation von wetterbedingten Signalverläufen erreicht werden, beispielsweise für einen kapazitiven Schutzzaun, mit dem Ziel einer verbesserten Erkennung von Eindringversuchen.The object of the invention is to compensate these signals with one another with the aim of separating the common signal component in all signals from individual signal components in a single signal. In this case, better compensation of weather-related signal profiles is to be achieved, for example for a capacitive protective fence, with the aim of improved detection of intrusion attempts.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem eingangs beschriebenen Meßsystem durch folgende Verfahrensschritte gelöst:
- a) aus den Meßsignalen x(i) und den Kompensationskoeffizienten A(i) wird in einer Summiereinrichtung ein vorläufiger Kompensationswert sum entsprechend der Beziehung:
- b) aus den Meßsignalen X(i) und aus den mit dem vorläufigen Kompensationswert sum gewichteten Kompensationskoeffizienten A(i) wird in einer Subtrahiereinrichtung für jeden Meßkanal (i) ein vorläufiger kompensierter Meßsignalwert:
sk(i) = x(i) - A(i) . sum (3)
gebildet; - c) aus den vorläufigen kompensierten Meßsignalen sk(i) werden mittels bestimmter Suchstrategien schwach gestörte Meßkanäle (k bzw. m,l) oder stark gestörte Meßkanäle (j) ausgewählt;
- d) für die stark gestörten Meßkanäle (j = 1 bis J) wird ein Näherungswert ñ (j) der Störkomponenten (n(i)) nach der Beziehung:
- e) aus den Näherungswerten ñ (j) werden Korrekturwerte n̂ (j) für die stark gestörten Meßkanäle (j) abgeleitet;
- f) aus dem vorläufigen Kompensationswert sum und den Korrekturwerten n̂ (j) wird ein endgültiger Kompensationswert
- g) mit dem endgültigen Kompensationswert sum′ werden für jeden Meßkanal die endgültigen kompensierten Meßsignalwerte
sk′ (i) = x (i) - A(i) . sum′ (3′)
ermittelt.
- a) the measurement signals x (i) and the compensation coefficients A (i) are used in a summing device to produce a provisional compensation value sum according to the relationship:
- b) from the measurement signals X (i) and from the compensation coefficients A (i) weighted with the provisional compensation value sum, a provisional compensated measurement signal value is made in a subtracting device for each measurement channel (i):
sk (i) = x (i) - A (i) . sum (3)
educated; - c) weakly disturbed measurement channels (k or m, l) or severely disturbed measurement channels (j) are selected from the provisionally compensated measurement signals sk (i) by means of certain search strategies;
- d) for the strongly disturbed measuring channels (j = 1 to J) an approximate value ñ (j) of the disturbing components (n (i) ) is given according to the relationship:
- e) correction values n̂ (j) for the severely disturbed measuring channels (j) are derived from the approximate values ñ (j) ;
- f) the provisional compensation value sum and the correction values n̂ (j) become a final compensation value
- g) with the final compensation value sum ', the final compensated measurement signal values for each measuring channel
sk ′ (i) = x (i) - A (i) . sum ′ (3 ′)
determined.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird zunächst wie bisher ein vorläufiges kompensiertes Meßsignal sk (i) ermittelt. Aus den Meßsignalen x(i) wird durch gewichtete Mittelung ein vorläufiger Kompensationswert sum bestimmt, eine Art geschätzter Wert des gemeinsamen Anteils s, der invers gewichtet von den einzelnen Signalen subtrahiert wird, wie dies oben durch die beiden Beziehungen (2) und (3) ausgedrückt ist. Der so erhaltene Signalwert sk(i), der als vorläufiger kompensierter Meßsignalwert bezeichnet wird, stellt im Grunde genommen einen Näherungswert des gesuchten individuellen Signalanteils n(i) dar. Da stark additive Störkomponenten n (i) in einem beliebigen Signal x(i) dazu führen, daß der Summenwert sum stark von dem eigentlichen Idealwert s abweicht, hat dies in nachteiliger Weise zur Folge, daß eine solche additive Störkomponente sich nicht nur in dem vorläufig kompensierten Signal sk (i) des eigentlichen betroffenen Kanals (i), sondern auch in den Signalen sk(k), mit k≠i aller Kanäle mit unterschiedlicher Amplitude abbildet. Daher ist in vorteilhafter Weise das Kompensationsverfahren dahingehend weitergebildet, daß Näherungswerte ñ (i) der additiven Störkomponenten n (i) bestimmt werden, und daß der vorläufige Kompensationswert sum abhängig von hieraus ermittelten Korrekturwerten n̂i gemäß der oben angeführten Beziehung (4′) korrigiert wird.In the method according to the invention, a preliminary compensated measurement signal sk (i) is first determined, as previously. A preliminary compensation value sum is determined from the measurement signals x (i) by weighted averaging, a kind of estimated value of the common component s, which is inversely weighted and subtracted from the individual signals, as described above by the two relationships (2) and (3) is expressed. The signal value sk (i) obtained in this way , which is referred to as a provisionally compensated measurement signal value, basically represents an approximation of the individual signal component n (i) sought. Since strongly additive interference components n (i) in any signal x (i) cause the sum value sum to deviate greatly from the actual ideal value s, this has the disadvantageous consequence that such an additive interference component is found not only in the provisionally compensated signal sk (i) of the actual channel (i) concerned, but also in maps the signals sk (k) with k ≠ i of all channels with different amplitudes. Therefore, the compensation method is advantageously further developed in such a way that approximate values ñ (i) of the additive interference components n (i) are determined, and that the provisional compensation value sum is corrected as a function of correction values n̂ i determined therefrom in accordance with the above-mentioned relationship (4 ') .
Mit dem endgültigen Kompensationswert sum′ werden dann für jeden Meßkanal die endgültigen kompensierten Meßsignalwerte entsprechend der oben aufgeführten Gleichung 3′ ermittelt.With the final compensation value sum ', the final compensated measurement signal values are then determined for each measuring channel in accordance with equation 3' given above.
Die obengenannten Näherungswerte ñ (i) können durch Lösen des folgenden Gleichungssystems (5) gewonnen werden:
Das Gleichungssystem (5) ist allerdings unterbestimmt und daher nur bei Vorliegen zusätzlicher Informationen auflösbar. Diese lassen sich dadurch gewinnen, daß man für einen oder einige der Kanäle - diese sind im folgenden mit dem Index k versehen - die bestimmten Störkomponenten n(k) als bekannt annimmt. Wenn bestimmte Störkomponenten n(k) als vernachlässigbar klein angesehen werden können, gilt n(k) = 0. So können dann entsprechende Spalten und Zeilen des Gleichungssystems (5) gestrichen werden, so daß 3-Gleichungen (J<I) übrigbleiben, aus denen die Unbekannten ñ(i), die Näherungswerte, nunmehr berechenbar sind. Für dieses reduzierte Gleichungssystem existieren mehrere Lösungen. Eine besonders einfache Lösung läßt sich in vorteilhafter Weise unter Ausnutzung der regelmäßigen Struktur dieses Systems gemäß folgender Beziehung erzielen:
Daraus werden die Korrekturwerte n̂ (j) für die stark gestörten Meßkanäle (j) aus den Näherungswerten ñ(j) abgeleitet. In einfachster Weise können die Korrekturwerte unmittelbar den Näherungswerten entsprechen. Es ist jedoch wesentlich vorteilhafter, die Korrekturwerte aus den Näherungswerten in Abhängigkeit von einem vorgebbaren Schwellenwert n₀(j) zu ermitteln. Bei der Ermittlung des Korrekturwertes der stark gestörten Meßkanäle j = 1 - J gilt dann folgende Beziehung:
Für die Auswahl eines Meßkanals oder mehrerer Meßkanäle mit vernachlässigbar kleiner additiver Störkomponente, d.h. schwach gestörte Meßkanäle, gibt es mehrere Suchstrategien. Eine zweckmäßige Suchstrategie besteht darin, daß bei mehreren solchen Meßkanälen die Werte
Die Suche nach schwach gestörten Kanälen kann auf eine beliebige Zahl von Kanälen ausgedehnt werden.The search for weakly disturbed channels can be extended to any number of channels.
Bei diesem erfindungsgemäßen Kompensationsverfahren war der Kompensationskoeffizient A(i) als ein bekannter Erfahrungswert konstanter Größe zugrunde gelegt. Die Kompensationskoeffizienten können aber auch in geeigneter Weise aus den Meßsignalen x (i) bestimmt werden, beispielsweise durch Energienominierung der Meßsignale in einem vorgegebenen Zeitfenster. Ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßens Verfahrens ist es, daß bei solchen aus dem Meßsignal x(i)fortlaufend berechneten Kompensationskoeffizienten A (i) die vorher ermittelten Näherungswerte ñ(i) ebenfalls von den jeweiligen Meßsignalen subtrahiert werden können und damit deutlich bessere Koeffizienten A (i) ermittelt werden können gemäß der Beziehung:
A(i) = f {(x(i) - ñ(i))} ; (10)In this compensation method according to the invention, the compensation coefficient A (i) was used as a known empirical value of constant size. However, the compensation coefficients can also be determined in a suitable manner from the measurement signals x (i) , for example by energy nomination of the measurement signals in a predetermined time window. Another advantage of erfindungsgemäßens method is that in such from the measurement signal x (i) continuously calculated compensation coefficients A (i) the previously determined approximate values ñ (i) can be subtracted also from the respective measuring signals and therefore significantly better coefficients A (i) can be determined according to the relationship:
A (i) = f {(x (i) - ñ (i) )}; (10)
Auf diese Weise wird eine weitere Fehlerquelle bei der Ermittlung kompensierter Signalwerte reduziert. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Kompensationsverfahren wird die Korrektur der gemessenen Signalwerte durch Korrekturwerte vor der endgültigen Berechnung der kompensierten Signalwerte erreicht, wobei die Korrekturwerte aus näherungsweise berechneten, additiven Komponenten ermittelt werden.In this way, a further source of error when determining compensated signal values is reduced. With the compensation method according to the invention, the correction of the measured signal values is achieved by correction values before the final calculation of the compensated signal values, the correction values being determined from approximately calculated additive components.
Claims (7)
x(i) = A(i) . s + n(i) , mit (i = 1 bis I),
gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte:
sk (i) = x(i) - A(i) . sum
gebildet;
sk(i) = x (i) - A(i) . sum′ (3′)
ermittelt.
x (i) = A (i) . s + n (i) , with (i = 1 to I),
characterized by the following process steps:
sk (i) = x (i) - A (i) . sum
educated;
sk (i) = x (i) - A (i) . sum ′ (3 ′)
determined.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Suche eines stark gestörten Meßkanals (j) die vorläufig kompensierten Meßsignalwerte sk(i) und die Kompensationskoeffizienten A(i) gemäß der Beziehung:
characterized in that for the search of a strongly disturbed measurement channel (j) the provisionally compensated measurement signal values sk (i) and the compensation coefficients A (i) according to the relationship:
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Suche zweier schwach gestörten Meßkanäle (l,m) die vorläufig kompensierten Meßsignalwerte sk (i) und die Kompensationskoeffizienten A (i) gemäß der Beziehung:
characterized in that for the search for two weakly disturbed measurement channels (l, m) the provisionally compensated measurement signal values sk (i) and the compensation coefficients A (i) according to the relationship:
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Korrekturwert n̂(j) dem Näherungswert ñ(j) entspricht n̂(j) = ñ(j)) (7a)4. The method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the correction value n (j) the approximate value ñ (j) corresponds to n (j) = ñ (j)) (7a)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Korrekturwert n̂ (j) aus dem Näherungswert n̂(j) in Abhängigkeit von einem vorgebbaren Schwellenwert n₀(j) ermittelt wird:
characterized in that the correction value n (j) is determined from the approximate value n (j) as a function of a predeterminable threshold value n₀ (j):
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kompensationskoeffizienten A(i) entweder bekannte Erfahrungswerte konstanter Größe sind oder aus den Meßsignalen x(i) bestimmt werden:
A(i) = f { x(i)} . (9)6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the compensation coefficients A (i) are either known empirical values of constant magnitude or are determined from the measurement signals x (i) :
A (i) = f {x (i) }. (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kompensationskoeffizienten A (i) aus den Meßwerten x(i) und Näherungswerten ñ(i) adaptiv berechnet werden:
A(i) = f{(x (i) - n(i))} . (10)7. The method according to claim 6,
characterized in that the compensation coefficients A (i) from the measured values x (i) and approximate values ñ (i) are calculated adaptively:
A (i) = f {(x (i) - n (i) )}. (10)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE89106361T DE58905396D1 (en) | 1989-04-11 | 1989-04-11 | Process for the compensation of interfering signal components in the measuring signals of a measuring system. |
ES89106361T ES2042848T3 (en) | 1989-04-11 | 1989-04-11 | PROCEDURE FOR THE COMPENSATION OF PORTIONS OF DISTURBING SIGNALS IN THE MEASUREMENT SIGNALS OF A MEASURING SYSTEM. |
EP89106361A EP0392036B1 (en) | 1989-04-11 | 1989-04-11 | Method and compensation of the disturbed parts of the signals in a measuring system |
AT89106361T ATE93638T1 (en) | 1989-04-11 | 1989-04-11 | METHOD FOR COMPENSATION OF INTERFERING SIGNAL COMPONENTS IN THE MEASUREMENT SIGNALS OF A MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP89106361A EP0392036B1 (en) | 1989-04-11 | 1989-04-11 | Method and compensation of the disturbed parts of the signals in a measuring system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0392036A1 true EP0392036A1 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
EP0392036B1 EP0392036B1 (en) | 1993-08-25 |
Family
ID=8201202
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89106361A Expired - Lifetime EP0392036B1 (en) | 1989-04-11 | 1989-04-11 | Method and compensation of the disturbed parts of the signals in a measuring system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0392036B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE93638T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE58905396D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2042848T3 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3846790A (en) * | 1973-06-08 | 1974-11-05 | Honeywell Inc | Intrusion detection systems |
DE2843849B2 (en) * | 1978-10-07 | 1981-02-05 | Rode, Johannes, 2000 Hamburg | System for monitoring outdoor areas |
EP0141929A1 (en) * | 1983-08-16 | 1985-05-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for measuring modifications of the capacitive state at a protecting fence |
US4684931A (en) * | 1985-05-14 | 1987-08-04 | Sydney Parks | Capacitive sensing security system |
-
1989
- 1989-04-11 DE DE89106361T patent/DE58905396D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-11 AT AT89106361T patent/ATE93638T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-11 ES ES89106361T patent/ES2042848T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-11 EP EP89106361A patent/EP0392036B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3846790A (en) * | 1973-06-08 | 1974-11-05 | Honeywell Inc | Intrusion detection systems |
DE2843849B2 (en) * | 1978-10-07 | 1981-02-05 | Rode, Johannes, 2000 Hamburg | System for monitoring outdoor areas |
EP0141929A1 (en) * | 1983-08-16 | 1985-05-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for measuring modifications of the capacitive state at a protecting fence |
US4684931A (en) * | 1985-05-14 | 1987-08-04 | Sydney Parks | Capacitive sensing security system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
I.E.E.E. TRANSACTIONS ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0392036B1 (en) | 1993-08-25 |
DE58905396D1 (en) | 1993-09-30 |
ES2042848T3 (en) | 1993-12-16 |
ATE93638T1 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
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