EP0391793A1 - Two-stroke internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Two-stroke internal-combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0391793A1
EP0391793A1 EP90400912A EP90400912A EP0391793A1 EP 0391793 A1 EP0391793 A1 EP 0391793A1 EP 90400912 A EP90400912 A EP 90400912A EP 90400912 A EP90400912 A EP 90400912A EP 0391793 A1 EP0391793 A1 EP 0391793A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
lights
transfer
intake
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90400912A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michel M. Thubert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nouvelle Racing Kart Developpement "societe Nouvelle Rkd" SA Ste
Original Assignee
Nouvelle Racing Kart Developpement "societe Nouvelle Rkd" SA Ste
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Filing date
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Application filed by Nouvelle Racing Kart Developpement "societe Nouvelle Rkd" SA Ste filed Critical Nouvelle Racing Kart Developpement "societe Nouvelle Rkd" SA Ste
Publication of EP0391793A1 publication Critical patent/EP0391793A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/14—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both outlet and inlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F02F1/22—Other cylinders characterised by having ports in cylinder wall for scavenging or charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a two-cycle cycle internal combustion engine.
  • This engine can be of the spark-ignition type of the gas mixture or of the Diesel type.
  • a two-stroke engine of known type comprises a cylinder 1 interposed between a cylinder head 2 and a pump casing 3.
  • the cylinder 1 and the cylinder head 2 have cooling fins 4 and respectively delimit a bore 5 and a combustion chamber 6, which extends this bore and is provided with a spark plug 7.
  • a piston 8 is mounted in the bore 5 and is capable of moving therein in alternative translation.
  • the piston head is fitted with segments 9 applied against the internal surface of the bore and has a projecting deflector 10 cooperating with the internal wall of the combustion chamber 6.
  • the piston 8 is coupled, by means of a axis 11, at the foot 12 of a connecting rod 13 whose body 14 extends inside the skirt 15 of the piston.
  • the connecting rod 13 is articulated, by its head 16 on a crank pin 17 of a crankshaft 18, the extreme journals 19 of which are rotatably mounted in the pump housing 3.
  • the bore 5 opens into the pump housing 3 and has openings capable of being selectively discovered by the piston 8 to obtain the operating diagram described in the following with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the light 20 is connected by a conduit 28 to an exhaust orifice 29 (FIG. 8) and is divided, to improve the guiding of the piston because its circumferential extent is relatively large, in two by a partition 30. similarly, the light 23 is connected by a conduit 31 to an inlet port 32 ( Figure 9).
  • FIG. 1 places the exhaust and intake ducts 28 and of the intake 31 at the rear and one above the other. at the front a transfer duct 26. In reality, the lights must be distributed as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the openings 20 to 25 open into the bore 5, whether the latter is machined directly in the cylinder 1 (FIG. 1) or whether it is machined in a jacket 33 (FIG. 7).
  • This known engine operates as described in the following with reference to the diagram in FIG. 2.
  • this diagram certain particular angular positions of the crankshaft 18 are mentioned. It's about : - from the bottom dead center PMB and from the top dead center TDC between which, the crankshaft 18 rotating in the direction of the arrow F, the piston 8 rises (left half of FIG. 2) and descends (right half of this FIG.
  • the exhaust phase 36 continues, since the exhaust port 20 is discovered by the piston and opens into the upper part 35 of the cylinder.
  • the compression phase 37 is then established in the upper part 35 of the cylinder between the closing point exhaust FE and the ignition point AL, since the lights 20 to 22 are closed by the piston 8.
  • the explosion phase 38 of the mixture in the upper part of the cylinder begins at point AL, a little before the top dead center at TDC.
  • the suction phase 39 in the casing begins before ignition AL, at the suction opening point 0A, when the intake port 23 is discovered by the skirt of the piston 8 and placed in communication with the casing. pump 3.
  • the suction phase 39 in the casing continues and ends at the suction closing point FA which corresponds to the closing by the skirt of the piston of the intake port 23, - concomitantly, the explosion and detent phase 38 continues and ends later at the exhaust opening point 0E, at which the piston 8 begins to discover the exhaust port 20.
  • the aforementioned exhaust phase 36 begins at point 0E from which the exhaust port 20 communicates with the upper part 35 of the cylinder.
  • the aforementioned intake phase 34 begins at the transfer opening point 0T from which the transfer outlet lights 21, 22 are uncovered by the piston 8 and send the mixture from the pump housing 3 to the upper part of the cylinder 35.
  • the intake device by rotary valve or valve is placed in the pump housing 3, so that the bore 5 of the cylinder or of its jacket no longer has any light intake and includes only exhaust lights and transfer outlet lights, which can be selectively discovered by the piston 8.
  • the number and distribution of transfer outlet lights can therefore be perfectly adapted to a high efficiency engine , the transfer channels being shaped for flow with extremely reduced pressure losses.
  • FIG. 4 shows the development of the bore 5 of said engine.
  • the intake lumen 23 is then removed and, in place of its intake duct, there is provided a front transfer channel 40 connecting a transfer output lumen 41 to a transfer input lumen 42.
  • the intake lumen front transfer 40 is interposed between the lateral transfer channels 26, 27.
  • This known two-stroke engine with flap or rotary valve admission has the advantage of improving performance by achieving high efficiency.
  • it has the disadvantage of being expensive, which limits its diffusion.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the performance of the two-stroke engine by having channels for transfer which promote high speed scanning, while retaining the principle of admission regulated by the piston skirt. Therefore, the cost price of the engine remains competitive, while its performance is close to that of the two-stroke engine whose intake is controlled by a valve or a rotary valve.
  • the cylinder comprises: - on the one hand, at least three transfer channels, one of which is located at the front and the others on the sides, - on the other hand, at least two intake ducts diverging from the intake orifice, bypassing the front transfer channel and leading to at least two lateral intake lights located between the outlet lights and transfer entry.
  • the cylinder 1 comprises, like the embodiment in FIG. 4, several transfer channels including one located in front opposite the rear exhaust duct 28 ( Figures 5, 6 and 8).
  • the bore 5 of the cylinder has: - a double rear exhaust light 20, two lateral transfer outlet lights 21, 22 and a front transfer outlet light 41, these lights not opening as high as the above-mentioned exhaust light 20.
  • the cylinder 1 delimits in its mass, from the inlet orifice 32, two conduits 44 and 45 ( Figure 7) diverging in Y, bypassing the channel before transfer 40 and leading to two lateral intake ports 46 and 47 (FIGS. 5 and 7).
  • These lights 46 and 47 are formed in the aforementioned strip 43, between the level of the exit lights 21, 41, 22 and that of the entry lights 24, 42, 25.
  • the cylinder 1 can comprise more than one channel before transfer, for example two.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The cylinder 1 comprises two lateral transfer ducts (26, 27), a rear exhaust pipe (28) and a front admission orifice (32). According to the invention, the cylinder also comprises a front transfer duct (40) and two admission pipes (44, 45), these pipes separating in order to connect the admission orifice (32) to two side admission ports (46, 47) by circumventing the front transfer duct (40). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un moteur à combustion interne à cycle deux temps. Ce moteur peut être du type à allumage commandé du mélange gazeux ou bien du type Diesel.The present invention relates to a two-cycle cycle internal combustion engine. This engine can be of the spark-ignition type of the gas mixture or of the Diesel type.

L'exposé qui suit s'attache à décrire organiquement et fonctionnellement deux réalisations particulières d'un tel moteur connu en se référant aux figures 1 à 4 du dessin annexé.The description which follows attempts to describe organically and functionally two particular embodiments of such a known engine with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the appended drawing.

Sur ce dessin :

  • - la figure 1 est une coupe longitudinale schématique d'un moteur deux temps dont l'admission est réglée par la jupe du piston,
  • - la figure 2 est un diagramme de fonctionnement de ce moteur,
  • - la figure 3 est un développé de l'alésage du cylindre ou de la chemise du moteur considéré.
  • - la figure 4 est une vue analogue à la figure 3, illustrant l'alésage d'un moteur deux temps dont l'admission dans le carter-pompe est réglée par un clapet ou une soupage tournante.
On this drawing :
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of a two-stroke engine, the admission of which is regulated by the skirt of the piston,
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of the operation of this engine,
  • - Figure 3 is a developed of the bore of the cylinder or the jacket of the engine considered.
  • - Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3, illustrating the bore of a two-stroke engine whose admission into the pump housing is regulated by a valve or a rotary valve.

Ainsi que cela est illustré par la figure 1, un moteur deux temps de type connu comporte un cylindre 1 interposé entre une culasse 2 et un carter-pompe 3. Le cylindre 1 et la culasse 2 présentent des ailettes de refroidissement 4 et délimitent respectivement un alésage 5 et une chambre de combustion 6, laquelle prolonge cet alésage et est munie d'une bougie d'allumage 7.As illustrated in FIG. 1, a two-stroke engine of known type comprises a cylinder 1 interposed between a cylinder head 2 and a pump casing 3. The cylinder 1 and the cylinder head 2 have cooling fins 4 and respectively delimit a bore 5 and a combustion chamber 6, which extends this bore and is provided with a spark plug 7.

Un piston 8 est monté dans l'alésage 5 et est susceptible de s'y déplacer en translation alternative. La tête du piston est équipée de segments 9 appliqués contre la surface interne de l'alésage et présente en saillie un déflecteur 10 coopérant avec la paroi interne de la chambre de combustion 6. Le piston 8 est attelé, par l'intermédiaire d'un axe 11, au pied 12 d'une bielle 13 dont le corps 14 s'étend à l'intérieur de la jupe 15 du piston. La bielle 13 est articulée, par sa tête 16 sur un maneton 17 d'un vilebrequin 18 dont les tourillons extrêmes 19 sont montés tournants dans le carter-pompe 3.A piston 8 is mounted in the bore 5 and is capable of moving therein in alternative translation. The piston head is fitted with segments 9 applied against the internal surface of the bore and has a projecting deflector 10 cooperating with the internal wall of the combustion chamber 6. The piston 8 is coupled, by means of a axis 11, at the foot 12 of a connecting rod 13 whose body 14 extends inside the skirt 15 of the piston. The connecting rod 13 is articulated, by its head 16 on a crank pin 17 of a crankshaft 18, the extreme journals 19 of which are rotatably mounted in the pump housing 3.

L'alésage 5 débouche dans le carter-pompe 3 et présente des lumières susceptibles d'être sélectivement découvertes par le piston 8 pour obtenir le diagramme de fonctionnement décrit dans ce qui suit en se référant à la figure 2.The bore 5 opens into the pump housing 3 and has openings capable of being selectively discovered by the piston 8 to obtain the operating diagram described in the following with reference to FIG. 2.

Il s'agit, comme le montre le développé de l'alésage 5 illustré par la figure 3, du haut vers le bas :
- d'une lumière d'échappement 20 située à l'arrière de l'alésage,
- de deux lumières de sortie de transfert 21, 22 situées sur les côtés de l'alésage,
- d'une lumière d'admission 23 située à l'avant de l'alésage,
- et de deux lumières d'entrée de transfert 24, 25 situées en prolongement axial des lumières de sortie de transfert auxquelles elles sont reliées par des canaux de transfert 26, 27 ménagés dans la masse du cylindre, les lumières d'entrée de transfert 24, 25 débouchant dans le carter-pompe 3 soit directement (figure 1), soit par l'intermédiaire de l'alésage 5 (figure 3).As shown in the outline of the bore 5 illustrated in FIG. 3, this is from top to bottom:
- an exhaust light 20 located at the rear of the bore,
- two transfer outlet lights 21, 22 located on the sides of the bore,
- an intake port 23 located at the front of the bore,
- And two transfer inlet lights 24, 25 located in axial extension of the transfer outlet lights to which they are connected by transfer channels 26, 27 formed in the mass of the cylinder, the transfer inlet lights 24 , 25 opening into the pump housing 3 either directly (FIG. 1), or via the bore 5 (FIG. 3).

La lumière 20 est reliée par un conduit 28 à un orifice d'échappement 29 (figure 8) et est divisée, pour améliorer le guidage du piston du fait que son étendue circonférentielle est relativement grande, en deux par une cloison 30. D'une façon analogue, la lumière 23 est reliée par un conduit 31 à un orifice d'admission 32 (figure 9).The light 20 is connected by a conduit 28 to an exhaust orifice 29 (FIG. 8) and is divided, to improve the guiding of the piston because its circumferential extent is relatively large, in two by a partition 30. similarly, the light 23 is connected by a conduit 31 to an inlet port 32 (Figure 9).

La représentation de la figure 3 et la description ci-dessus qui s'y réfèrent sont exactes. Cependant, pour rendre plus claires l'illustration et la compréhension du moteur, la figure 1 plaçe à l'arrière et l'un au-dessus de l'autre les conduits d'échappement 28 et d'admission 31 et à l'opposé à l'avant un conduit de transfert 26. En réalité, les lumières doivent être réparties comme cela ressort de la figure 3.The representation of Figure 3 and the description above referring to it are accurate. However, to make the illustration and the understanding of the engine clearer, FIG. 1 places the exhaust and intake ducts 28 and of the intake 31 at the rear and one above the other. at the front a transfer duct 26. In reality, the lights must be distributed as shown in FIG. 3.

Par ailleurs, sur cette figure 3, les lumières 20 à 25 débouchent dans l'alésage 5, que celui-ci soit usiné directement dans le cylindre 1 (figure 1) ou qu'il soit usiné dans une chemise 33 (figure 7).Furthermore, in this FIG. 3, the openings 20 to 25 open into the bore 5, whether the latter is machined directly in the cylinder 1 (FIG. 1) or whether it is machined in a jacket 33 (FIG. 7).

Ce moteur connu fonctionne comme cela est exposé dans ce qui suit en se référant au diagramme de la figure 2. Sur ce diagramme, certaines positions angulaires particulières du vilebrequin 18 sont mentionnées. Il s'agit :
- du point mort bas PMB et du point mort haut PMH entre lesquels, le vilebrequin 18 tournant dans le sens de la flèche F, le piston 8 monte (moitié gauche de la figure 2) et descend (moitié droite de cette figure 2),
- des points d'ouverture du transfert 0T et de fermeture du transfert FT situés de part et d'autre du point mort bas PMB,
- des points d'ouverture d'échappement 0E et de fermeture d'échappement FE situés également de part et d'autre du point mort bas PMB mais un peu moins bas que les précédents,
- des points d'ouverture d'aspiration dans le carter 0A et de fermeture FA situés de part et d'autre du point mort haut PMH,
- du point d'allumage AL situé pendant la montée un peu avant le point mort haut PMH.This known engine operates as described in the following with reference to the diagram in FIG. 2. In this diagram, certain particular angular positions of the crankshaft 18 are mentioned. It's about :
- from the bottom dead center PMB and from the top dead center TDC between which, the crankshaft 18 rotating in the direction of the arrow F, the piston 8 rises (left half of FIG. 2) and descends (right half of this FIG. 2),
- the 0T transfer opening and FT transfer closing points located on either side of the bottom dead center PMB,
- exhaust opening 0E and exhaust closing FE points also located on either side of the bottom dead center PMB but a little lower than the previous ones,
- suction opening points in the housing 0A and FA closing located on either side of the top dead center TDC,
- the ignition point AL located during the climb a little before TDC top dead center.

Pendant le premier temps correspondant à la course de montée du piston 8 (moitié gauche de la figure 2) :
- la phase d'admission 34 se poursuit étant donné que les lumières de sortie de transfert 21, 22 sont découvertes par le piston et débouchent dans la partie haute 35 du cylindre, ce qui a pour effet de remplir celle-ci avec le mélange combustible contenu dans le carter-pompe 3.During the first time corresponding to the rise stroke of the piston 8 (left half of Figure 2):
- the intake phase 34 continues since the transfer outlet lights 21, 22 are uncovered by the piston and open into the upper part 35 of the cylinder, which has the effect of filling the latter with the combustible mixture contained in the pump housing 3.

dans le même temps, la phase d'échappement 36 se poursuit, étant donné que la lumière d'échappement 20 est découverte par le piston et débouche dans la partie haute 35 du cylindre.at the same time, the exhaust phase 36 continues, since the exhaust port 20 is discovered by the piston and opens into the upper part 35 of the cylinder.

Il se produit alors un balayage, la phase d'admission 34 étant interrompue au point de fermeture du transfert FT et la phase d'échappement étant ensuite interrompue au point de fermeture d'échappement FE.
- la phase de compression 37 s'établit alors dans la partie haute 35 du cylindre entre le point de fermeture d'échappement FE et le point d'allumage AL, étant donné que les lumières 20 à 22 sont obturées par le piston 8.
- la phase d'explosion 38 du mélange dans la partie haute du cylindre commence au point AL, un peu avant le point mort haut PMH.
- la phase d'aspiration 39 dans le carter commence avant l'allumage AL, au point d'ouverture d'aspiration 0A, lorsque la lumière d'admission 23 est découverte par la jupe du piston 8 et mise en communication avec le carter-pompe 3.A sweep then occurs, the intake phase 34 being interrupted at the closing point of the transfer FT and the exhaust phase being then interrupted at the exhaust closing point FE.
- the compression phase 37 is then established in the upper part 35 of the cylinder between the closing point exhaust FE and the ignition point AL, since the lights 20 to 22 are closed by the piston 8.
- The explosion phase 38 of the mixture in the upper part of the cylinder begins at point AL, a little before the top dead center at TDC.
the suction phase 39 in the casing begins before ignition AL, at the suction opening point 0A, when the intake port 23 is discovered by the skirt of the piston 8 and placed in communication with the casing. pump 3.

Pendant le deuxième temps correspondant à la course de descente du piston 8 (moitié droite de la figure 2) :
- la phase d'aspiration 39 dans le carter se poursuit et se termine au point de fermeture d'aspiration FA qui correspond à l'obturation par la jupe du piston de la lumière d'admission 23,
- concomitamment, la phase d'explosion et de détente 38 se poursuit et se termine plus tard au point d'ouverture d'échappement 0E, auquel le piston 8 commence à découvrir la lumière d'échappement 20.
- la phase d'échappement précitée 36 commence au point 0E à partir duquel la lumière d'échappement 20 communique avec la partie haute 35 du cylindre.
- la phase d'admission précitée 34 commence au point d'ouverture de transfert 0T à partir duquel les lumières de sortie de transfert 21, 22 sont découvertes par le piston 8 et font parvenir le mélange du carter-pompe 3 dans la partie haute du cylindre 35.During the second time corresponding to the descent stroke of the piston 8 (right half of Figure 2):
the suction phase 39 in the casing continues and ends at the suction closing point FA which corresponds to the closing by the skirt of the piston of the intake port 23,
- concomitantly, the explosion and detent phase 38 continues and ends later at the exhaust opening point 0E, at which the piston 8 begins to discover the exhaust port 20.
- The aforementioned exhaust phase 36 begins at point 0E from which the exhaust port 20 communicates with the upper part 35 of the cylinder.
- The aforementioned intake phase 34 begins at the transfer opening point 0T from which the transfer outlet lights 21, 22 are uncovered by the piston 8 and send the mixture from the pump housing 3 to the upper part of the cylinder 35.

Sur ce moteur deux temps connu et illustré par les figures 1 à 3, le dispositif d'admission à jupe de piston est simple et peu onéreux à fabriquer. Il est d'ailleurs le plus répandu.On this two-stroke engine known and illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, the piston skirt intake device is simple and inexpensive to manufacture. It is also the most widespread.

Cependant, un tel moteur connu présente des inconvénients sérieux, surtout lorsqu 'il s'agit d'obtenir des rendements élevés, en particulier sur des petits véhicules de compétition dénommés "karts".However, such a known engine has serious drawbacks, especially when it is a question of obtaining high yields, in particular on small competition vehicles called "karts".

L'inconvénient majeur résulte de la répartition particulière des lumières selon laquelle la lumière d'admission est située à l'opposé de la ou des lumières d'échappement pour atténuer la transmission de calories qui est néfaste au remplissage. Dès lors, le nombre de canaux de transfert est limité, étant donné que ceux-ci sont situés sur les côtés. Si l'on veut prévoir des lumières de balayage au-dessus de la ou des lumières d'admission avant, les canaux de transfert doivent présenter une forme tourmentée ; ils sont alors difficiles à réaliser et les pertes de charge étant très importantes, le rendement est relativement faible.The major drawback results from the distribution particular of the lights according to which the intake light is located opposite the exhaust port (s) to attenuate the transmission of calories which is harmful to the filling. Therefore, the number of transfer channels is limited, since these are located on the sides. If it is desired to provide scanning lights above the front intake opening (s), the transfer channels must have a tormented shape; they are then difficult to produce and the pressure drops being very large, the efficiency is relatively low.

Dans ces conditions, pour les moteurs à haut rendement, le dispositif d'admission par clapet ou valve rotative est placé dans le carter-pompe 3, de sorte que l'alésage 5 du cylindre ou de sa chemise ne présente plus de lumière d'admission et comporte seulement des lumières d'échappement et des lumières de sortie de transfert, susceptibles d'être sélectivement découvertes par le piston 8. Le nombre et la répartition des lumières de sortie de transfert peuvent donc être parfaitement adaptés à un moteur à haut rendement, les canaux de transfert étant conformés pour un écoulement avec pertes de charge extrêmement réduites.Under these conditions, for high-efficiency engines, the intake device by rotary valve or valve is placed in the pump housing 3, so that the bore 5 of the cylinder or of its jacket no longer has any light intake and includes only exhaust lights and transfer outlet lights, which can be selectively discovered by the piston 8. The number and distribution of transfer outlet lights can therefore be perfectly adapted to a high efficiency engine , the transfer channels being shaped for flow with extremely reduced pressure losses.

Une deuxième réalisation connue du moteur deux temps dont l'allumage est réglé dans le carter-pompe par un clapet ou une valve rotative est illustrée seulement par la figure 4 qui montre le développé de l'alésage 5 dudit moteur.A second known embodiment of the two-stroke engine, the ignition of which is regulated in the pump housing by a valve or a rotary valve, is illustrated only in FIG. 4 which shows the development of the bore 5 of said engine.

La lumière d'admission 23 est alors supprimée et, à la place de son conduit d'admission, est prévu un canal de transfert avant 40 reliant une lumière de sortie de transfert 41 à une lumière d'entrée de transfert 42. Le canal de transfert avant 40 est interposé entre les canaux de transfert latéraux 26, 27.The intake lumen 23 is then removed and, in place of its intake duct, there is provided a front transfer channel 40 connecting a transfer output lumen 41 to a transfer input lumen 42. The intake lumen front transfer 40 is interposed between the lateral transfer channels 26, 27.

Ce moteur deux temps connu à admission par clapet ou valve rotative présente l'avantage d'améliorer les performances en parvenant à un haut rendement. Cependant, il a l'inconvénient d'être coûteux, ce qui limite sa diffusion.This known two-stroke engine with flap or rotary valve admission has the advantage of improving performance by achieving high efficiency. However, it has the disadvantage of being expensive, which limits its diffusion.

La présente invention a pour but d'améliorer les performances du moteur deux temps en disposant de canaux de transfert qui favorisent le balayage à haut régime, tout en conservant le principe de l'admission réglée par la jupe du piston. Dès lors, le prix de revient du moteur reste compétitif, alors que ses performances se rapprochent de celles du moteur deux temps dont l'admission est contrôlée par un clapet ou une valve rotative.The object of the present invention is to improve the performance of the two-stroke engine by having channels for transfer which promote high speed scanning, while retaining the principle of admission regulated by the piston skirt. Therefore, the cost price of the engine remains competitive, while its performance is close to that of the two-stroke engine whose intake is controlled by a valve or a rotary valve.

Dans ce but et conformément à l'invention, le cylindre comporte :
- d'une part, au moins trois canaux de transfert dont un est situé à l'avant et les autres sur les côtés,
- d'autre part, au moins deux conduits d'admission divergeant à partir de l'orifice d'admission, contournant le canal de transfert avant et aboutissant à au moins deux lumières latérales d'admission situées entre les lumières de sortie et d'entrée de transfert.For this purpose and in accordance with the invention, the cylinder comprises:
- on the one hand, at least three transfer channels, one of which is located at the front and the others on the sides,
- on the other hand, at least two intake ducts diverging from the intake orifice, bypassing the front transfer channel and leading to at least two lateral intake lights located between the outlet lights and transfer entry.

Divers autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortent d'ailleurs de la description détaillée qui suit.Various other characteristics and advantages of the invention will also emerge from the detailed description which follows.

Une forme de réalisation du perfectionnement, objet de l'invention, est représentée, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, sur le dessin annexé.An embodiment of the improvement, object of the invention, is shown, by way of nonlimiting example, in the accompanying drawing.

Sur ce dessin :

  • - la figure 5 est une vue analogue aux figures 3 et 4, illustrant le développé de l'alésage du cylindre conforme à l'invention,
  • - la figure 6 est une coupe axiale antéropostérieure prise suivant la ligne VI-VI de la figure 5 supposée remise en forme cylindrique,
  • - la figure 7 est une coupe transversale prise suivant la ligne VII-VII de la figure 5 supposée remise en forme cylindrique,
  • - la figure 8 est une élévation latérale du cylindre prise du côté arrière de l'échappement,
  • - la figure 9 est une élévation latérale du cylindre prise du côté avant de l'admission.
On this drawing :
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIGS. 3 and 4, illustrating the development of the bore of the cylinder according to the invention,
  • FIG. 6 is an anteroposterior axial section taken along line VI-VI of FIG. 5 assumed to be cylindrical in shape,
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-section taken on line VII-VII of FIG. 5 assumed to be reshaped into a cylindrical shape,
  • FIG. 8 is a side elevation of the cylinder taken from the rear side of the exhaust,
  • - Figure 9 is a side elevation of the cylinder taken from the front side of the intake.

Ainsi que cela ressort du dessin, le cylindre 1 comporte, comme la réalisation de la figure 4, plusieurs canaux de transfert dont un situé en avant à l'opposé du conduit arrière d'échappement 28 (figures 5, 6 et 8).As can be seen from the drawing, the cylinder 1 comprises, like the embodiment in FIG. 4, several transfer channels including one located in front opposite the rear exhaust duct 28 (Figures 5, 6 and 8).

Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 5, l'alésage 5 du cylindre présente :
- une lumière double arrière d'échappement 20,
- deux lumières latérales de sortie de transfert 21, 22 et une lumière avant de sortie de transfert 41, ces lumières ne débouchant pas aussi haut que la lumière d'échappement précitée 20.
- trois lumières d'entrée de transfert 24, 25, 42 situées à un niveau inférieur à celui des lumières de sortie et séparées de celles-ci par une bande transversale d'alésage 43, derrière laquelle s'étend, dans la masse du cylindre 1, les canaux de transfert 26, 27, 40 sensiblement axiaux.In the example shown in FIG. 5, the bore 5 of the cylinder has:
- a double rear exhaust light 20,
two lateral transfer outlet lights 21, 22 and a front transfer outlet light 41, these lights not opening as high as the above-mentioned exhaust light 20.
- three transfer inlet lights 24, 25, 42 situated at a level lower than that of the outlet lights and separated from these by a transverse strip of bore 43, behind which extends, in the mass of the cylinder 1, the substantially axial transfer channels 26, 27, 40.

Comme le montrent les figures 5 à 7 et 9, le cylindre 1 délimite dans sa masse, à partir de l'orifice d'admission 32, deux conduits 44 et 45 (figure 7) divergeant en Y, contournant le canal avant de transfert 40 et aboutissant à deux lumières latérales d'admission 46 et 47 (figures 5 et 7). Ces lumières 46 et 47 sont ménagées dans la bande 43 précitée, entre le niveau des lumières de sortie 21, 41, 22 et celui des lumières d'entrée 24, 42, 25.As shown in Figures 5 to 7 and 9, the cylinder 1 delimits in its mass, from the inlet orifice 32, two conduits 44 and 45 (Figure 7) diverging in Y, bypassing the channel before transfer 40 and leading to two lateral intake ports 46 and 47 (FIGS. 5 and 7). These lights 46 and 47 are formed in the aforementioned strip 43, between the level of the exit lights 21, 41, 22 and that of the entry lights 24, 42, 25.

Bien entendu, le cylindre 1 peut comporter plus de un canal avant de transfert, par exemple deux.Of course, the cylinder 1 can comprise more than one channel before transfer, for example two.

Il résulte de ce qui précède que les sections de transfert et d'admission se trouvent accrue de façon sensible, ce qui place le rendement du moteur au niveau élevé de la compétition.It follows from the above that the transfer and intake sections are significantly increased, which places the engine performance at the high level of competition.

En outre, il subsiste entre toutes ces lumières, des surfaces de contact suffisantes pour que le piston soit convenablement guidé. D'ailleurs, les lumières d'admission 46, 47 ne sont plus placées sur le plan d'articulation du piston par rapport à la bielle, de sorte que durant son mouvement, le piston n'a pas tendance à s'engager en biais dans lesdites lumières, lesquelles peuvent alors être relativement larges et exemptes de barrette médiane, comme c'est le cas pour la lumière d'échappement 20.In addition, there remains between all these lights, sufficient contact surfaces so that the piston is properly guided. Moreover, the intake ports 46, 47 are no longer placed on the plane of articulation of the piston with respect to the connecting rod, so that during its movement, the piston does not tend to engage at an angle in said openings, which can then be relatively wide and free from a central bar, as is the case for the exhaust opening 20.

Claims (1)

Moteur à combustion interne à cycle deux temps comportant au moins un cylindre (1) dans lequel est déplaçable un piston (8), la surface interne (5) du cylindre ou d'une chemise (33) dont celui-ci peut être muni présentant des lumières d'échappement (20) et de sortie de transfert (21, 22) susceptibles d'être découvertes par le piston pour déboucher dans le haut de cylindre, ainsi qu'une lumière d'admission susceptible d'être découverte par le piston pour déboucher dans le bas de cylindre communiquant avec un carter-pompe (3), le cylindre délimitant des canaux de transfert (26, 27) sensiblement axiaux qui relient les lumières de sortie (21, 22) à des lumières d'entrée (24, 25) débouchant dans le bas du cylindre, ledit cylindre présentant également un orifice d'échappement (29) et un orifice d'admission (32) situés respectivement à l'arrière et à l'avant du cylindre et reliés par des conduits internes aux lumières correspondantes,
caractérisé en ce que le cylindre comporte :
- d'une part, au moins trois canaux de transfert (26, 27, 40) dont un (40) est situé à l'avant et les autres (26, 27) sur les côtés,
- d'autre part, au moins deux conduits d'admission (44, 45) divergeant à partir de l'orifice d'admission (32), contournant au moins un canal de transfert avant (40) et aboutissant à au moins deux lumières latérales d'admission (46, 47) situées entre les lumières de sortie (21, 41, 22) et d'entrée (24, 42, 25) de transfert.Two-cycle cycle internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder (1) in which a piston (8) is displaceable, the internal surface (5) of the cylinder or of a jacket (33) with which the latter may be provided having exhaust (20) and transfer outlet (21, 22) lights that can be discovered by the piston to open into the top of the cylinder, as well as an intake light that can be discovered by the piston to open into the bottom of the cylinder communicating with a pump casing (3), the cylinder defining substantially axial transfer channels (26, 27) which connect the outlet lights (21, 22) to the inlet lights (24 , 25) opening out at the bottom of the cylinder, said cylinder also having an exhaust port (29) and an intake port (32) located respectively at the rear and at the front of the cylinder and connected by internal conduits to the corresponding lights,
characterized in that the cylinder comprises:
- on the one hand, at least three transfer channels (26, 27, 40), one of which (40) is located at the front and the others (26, 27) on the sides,
- on the other hand, at least two intake ducts (44, 45) diverging from the intake orifice (32), bypassing at least one front transfer channel (40) and leading to at least two lights lateral intake (46, 47) located between the outlet (21, 41, 22) and inlet (24, 42, 25) transfer lights.
EP90400912A 1989-04-04 1990-04-03 Two-stroke internal-combustion engine Withdrawn EP0391793A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8904424A FR2645207B1 (en) 1989-04-04 1989-04-04 TWO-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR8904424 1989-04-04

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EP0391793A1 true EP0391793A1 (en) 1990-10-10

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998051909A1 (en) * 1997-05-15 1998-11-19 Applied Automotive Concepts Pty Ltd. Two-stroke internal combustion engine having improved fuel porting
WO2000043660A1 (en) * 1999-01-19 2000-07-27 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Cylinder for internal combustion engine
AU735629B2 (en) * 1997-05-15 2001-07-12 Applied Automotive Concepts Pty Ltd Two-stroke internal combustion engine having improved fuel porting
WO2001051784A1 (en) * 2000-01-14 2001-07-19 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Two-stroke internal combustion engine
US6668770B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2003-12-30 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Two-stroke interal combustion engine
US6718917B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2004-04-13 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Two-stroke internal combustion engine
US6877723B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2005-04-12 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Valve for control of additional air for a two-stroke engine
US7082910B2 (en) 1999-01-19 2006-08-01 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Two-stroke internal combustion engine

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH208414A (en) * 1937-12-10 1940-01-31 Audi Ag Slot-controlled two-stroke internal combustion engine.
FR1202590A (en) * 1957-09-19 1960-01-12 Ustav Pro Vyzkum Motorovych Vo Improvement in scavenging ducts in two-stroke engines
US4353333A (en) * 1979-07-03 1982-10-12 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Two cycle engine with augmented intake ports
EP0217374A1 (en) * 1985-10-02 1987-04-08 Dott. Vittorio Gilardoni S.p.A. Piston-cylinder unit for a two-stroke internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH208414A (en) * 1937-12-10 1940-01-31 Audi Ag Slot-controlled two-stroke internal combustion engine.
FR1202590A (en) * 1957-09-19 1960-01-12 Ustav Pro Vyzkum Motorovych Vo Improvement in scavenging ducts in two-stroke engines
US4353333A (en) * 1979-07-03 1982-10-12 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Two cycle engine with augmented intake ports
EP0217374A1 (en) * 1985-10-02 1987-04-08 Dott. Vittorio Gilardoni S.p.A. Piston-cylinder unit for a two-stroke internal combustion engine

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998051909A1 (en) * 1997-05-15 1998-11-19 Applied Automotive Concepts Pty Ltd. Two-stroke internal combustion engine having improved fuel porting
AU735629B2 (en) * 1997-05-15 2001-07-12 Applied Automotive Concepts Pty Ltd Two-stroke internal combustion engine having improved fuel porting
WO2000043660A1 (en) * 1999-01-19 2000-07-27 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Cylinder for internal combustion engine
US6712029B1 (en) 1999-01-19 2004-03-30 Lars Andersson Cylinder for an internal combustion engine
US7025021B1 (en) 1999-01-19 2006-04-11 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Two-stroke internal combustion engine
US7082910B2 (en) 1999-01-19 2006-08-01 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Two-stroke internal combustion engine
US7574984B2 (en) 1999-01-19 2009-08-18 Husqvarna Ab Two-stroke internal combustion engine
WO2001051784A1 (en) * 2000-01-14 2001-07-19 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Two-stroke internal combustion engine
US6668771B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2003-12-30 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Two-stroke internal combustion engine
US6668770B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2003-12-30 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Two-stroke interal combustion engine
US6877723B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2005-04-12 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Valve for control of additional air for a two-stroke engine
US6718917B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2004-04-13 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Two-stroke internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2645207B1 (en) 1991-07-19
FR2645207A1 (en) 1990-10-05

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