EP0388323A1 - Autoexpansion electric circuit breaker with insulating gas - Google Patents

Autoexpansion electric circuit breaker with insulating gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0388323A1
EP0388323A1 EP90420100A EP90420100A EP0388323A1 EP 0388323 A1 EP0388323 A1 EP 0388323A1 EP 90420100 A EP90420100 A EP 90420100A EP 90420100 A EP90420100 A EP 90420100A EP 0388323 A1 EP0388323 A1 EP 0388323A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
self
chamber
contacts
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90420100A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0388323B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Malkin
Jean-Pierre Kersusan
Hugues Filiputti
Victor Pennucci
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Publication of EP0388323A1 publication Critical patent/EP0388323A1/en
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Publication of EP0388323B1 publication Critical patent/EP0388323B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7038—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by a conducting tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H01H33/7046—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by a conducting tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle having special gas flow directing elements, e.g. grooves, extensions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H01H33/982—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-expanding electrical circuit breaker having a sealed enclosure filled with an insulating gas with high dielectric strength, and containing one or more poles, each pole comprising: - a first breaking chamber intended to store insulating gas heated by the arc; - a pair of contacts with relative displacement in axial translation comprising separable arcing contacts delimiting a cut-off interval in the first chamber; - A tubular gas exhaust duct, formed inside at least one of the contacts for communicating the first interrupting chamber with the remaining volume of the enclosure forming the second chamber for the expansion of the gas.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the dielectric strength of a circuit breaker with self-expansion of the insulating gas.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that the exhaust duct is equipped with guide means arranged to oppose in said duct any gas flow vortex, in particular of the Vortex type.
  • the means for guiding the gas flow can be formed by ribs or bosses distributed around the internal periphery of the tubular contacts.
  • the ribs can be radial or inclined in the opposite direction of the rotational movement of the gas.
  • ribs or bosses channels the gas flow to generate a laminar or turbulent regime, defined as a function of the value of the Reynolds number, and of direction generally parallel to the axis.
  • a coil or a permanent magnet can advantageously be incorporated in the breaking chamber to cause the arc to rotate, allowing the arc to die out more quickly.
  • FIG. 1 the invention is described in relation to a circuit breaker or a switch at medium voltage or at high voltage described in document EPA298809, but it is obvious that it is applicable to any other type of self-expanding circuit breaker.
  • the pole comprises an enclosure 10 confined by a cylindrical envelope 12, closed at its ends by two bottoms 14,16.
  • the enclosure 10 is filled with a gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride at atmospheric pressure or at overpressure.
  • the cylindrical casing 12 may be made of an insulating material and the bottoms 14, 16 made of a conductive material constituting areas of current supply.
  • the tubular movable contact 20 carries at its end a movable arcing contact 22, cooperating with a fixed arcing contact 23 carried by the contact 24 fixed to the opposite bottom 14.
  • the cylindrical surface 28 and the bottom 30 are metallic and electrically connected to the fixed contact piece 24.
  • the opposite bottom 32, crossed by the movable contact 20, is made of an insulating material ensuring electrical insulation between the movable contact 20 and the cylindrical surface 28.
  • a coil 34 attached to the metal bottom 30.
  • the coil 34 is capped with an electrode 36 constituting an arc migration track arranged opposite the movable arc contact 22.
  • the coil 34 is electrically connected on the one hand, to the electrode 36 and on the other hand, to the bottom 30 so as to be inserted in series between the movable arcing contact 22 and the fixed contact piece 24 in the closed position of the circuit breaker.
  • the breaking chamber 26 communicates with the enclosure 10, which constitutes an expansion chamber, of a on the one hand, by the tubular conduit 41 of the movable contact 20, the base of which has orifices 38 for communication between the tubular interior of the contact 20 and the enclosure 10 and, on the other hand, by the fixed contact piece 24 of tubular shape, which is extended through the coil 34 by a central duct 40 and which communicates at its base by orifices 42 with the enclosure 10.
  • the fixed arcing contact 23 is shown diagrammatically on the internal annular edge of the electrode 36.
  • the movable arcing contact 22 is abutted to the electrode 36 by closing the two exhaust conduits formed by the contacts 20,24.
  • the movable arcing contact 22 is a semi-fixed telescopic contact urged by a spring 44 in the extended position.
  • a sliding contact 46 carried by the bottom 16 of the enclosure 10, cooperates with the movable contact 20 to ensure the electrical connection of this movable contact 20 and of the current supply range formed by this bottom 16.
  • the cylindrical surface 28 of the interrupting chamber 26 is extended projecting from the insulating bottom 32 by a collar 48 arranged in main fixed contact.
  • the fixed main contact 48 cooperates with a movable main contact 50 constituted by a tulip contact carried by a support 52 secured to the movable contact 20.
  • the fingers of the tulip contact cooperate with the internal surface of the collar 48 so as to respect the size of the breaking chamber 26, but it is clear that a reverse arrangement so as to surround the collar 48 externally is usable when the size of the main contacts is secondary.
  • the current is switched in the parallel circuit formed by the movable arcing contact 22 and the coil 34
  • the main contacts 48.50 are opened without forming an arc and as soon as the current is switched in the parallel circuit, the coil 34 generates a magnetic field which contributes to the extinction of the arc formed during of the separation of the arcing contacts 22,36 during the continued opening movement of the circuit breaker.
  • the arc drawn in the interrupting chamber 26 causes the gas contained in this chamber to heat up and build up in pressure, which gas escapes through the tubular contacts 20, 24 towards the expansion chamber constituted by the enclosure 10. This results in a gas flow which causes the arc to blow.
  • the coil 34 is switched on as soon as the main contacts 48.50 are opened, but it is clear that this circuiting can be carried out in a different way, in particular by switching the arc on the electrode 36.
  • the coil 34 can also be replaced by a permanent magnet and the gas flow can take place through only one of the contacts.
  • At least one of the exhaust conduits 40,41 formed in the fixed tubular contacts 24 and movable 20 comprises guide means 56,58 (see FIG. 1) of the gas flow escaping towards the chamber expansion of the enclosure 10 during the arc extinction phase.
  • the guide means 56 and 58 are formed by radial ribs 60 secured to the inner cylindrical wall of the hollow arcing contacts 23, 22.
  • FIG. 3 shows the guide means 56 with four ribs 60 staggered at right angles along the cylindrical periphery of the support tube of the arcing contact 23.
  • the four ribs 60 do not do not extend to the center, so as to delimit a continuous central channel 62 at the entrance to the conduit 40.
  • a single diametrical separation rib 60 divides the interior of the hollow contact 23 into two adjacent channels 64, 66.
  • two diametrical ribs 60 are arranged in a cross to define four distinct channels 68, 70, 72, 74 at the inlet of the conduit 40.
  • the ribs 60 of the other guide means 58 are identical to those described above.
  • the guide means 56 comprise an alternating succession of grooves 78 and protuberances 80, circumferentially staggered along the internal tube of the arcing contact 23.
  • ribs 60 or protuberances 80 consists in channeling the gas axially in the conduits 40, 41 to prevent any vortex gas flow, in particular of the Vortex type.
  • the ribs 60 or protrusions 80 are made of conductive material.
  • the longitudinal position of the ribs 60 can be modified according to the sizes and cutting characteristics.
  • the ribs 60 or protuberances 80 can be made of insulating material, and have any shape, and in particular be inclined in the opposite direction of the rotational movement of the gas.
  • the invention also applies to a self-expanding circuit breaker without magnetic means for rotating the arc.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The inside of the tubular contacts (20,24) of an autoexpansion, SF6 gas circuit-breaker comprises guide ribs (56,58) arranged so as to oppose any vortex-effect swirling gas flow between the first disconnection chamber (26) and the second expansion chamber. The presence of these ribs improves the dielectric strength of the circuit-breaker and prevents any refiring of the arc inside the contacts. …<IMAGE>…

Description

L'invention est relative à un disjoncteur électrique à auto­expansion ayant une enceinte étanche remplie d'un gaz isolant à rigidité diélectrique élevée, et contenant un ou plusieurs pôles, chaque pôle comprenant:
- une première chambre de coupure destinée à stocker du gaz isolant chauffé par l'arc;
- une paire de contacts à déplacement relatif en translation axiale comportant des contacts d'arc séparables délimitant un intervalle de coupure dans la première chambre;
- un conduit tubulaire d'échappement de gaz, ménagé à l'intérieur d'au moins un des contacts pour faire communiquer la première chambre de coupure avec le volume restant de l'enceinte formant la deuxième chambre pour l'expansion du gaz.The invention relates to a self-expanding electrical circuit breaker having a sealed enclosure filled with an insulating gas with high dielectric strength, and containing one or more poles, each pole comprising:
- a first breaking chamber intended to store insulating gas heated by the arc;
- a pair of contacts with relative displacement in axial translation comprising separable arcing contacts delimiting a cut-off interval in the first chamber;
- A tubular gas exhaust duct, formed inside at least one of the contacts for communicating the first interrupting chamber with the remaining volume of the enclosure forming the second chamber for the expansion of the gas.

Un tel disjoncteur est décrit dans le document EP-A-298809.Such a circuit breaker is described in document EP-A-298809.

Des essais ont démontré que l'échappement du gaz par les conduits des contacts tubulaires vers la deuxième chambre d'expansion peut engendrer un écoulement gazeux ordonné, à mouvement hélicoïdal le long de l'axe. L'effet Vortex résultant provoque alors une variation de la densité du gaz avec formation d'une zone centrale de densité faible située au voisinage de l'axe de chaque contact tubulaire. Il en résulte une dégradation de la tenue diélectrique, avec des risques de reclaquage de l'arc à l'intérieur des contacts d'arc.Tests have shown that the escape of gas through the pipes from the tubular contacts to the second expansion chamber can generate an ordered gas flow, with helical movement along the axis. The resulting Vortex effect then causes a variation in the density of the gas with the formation of a central zone of low density located in the vicinity of the axis of each tubular contact. This results in a deterioration of the dielectric strength, with the risk of re-plating the arc inside the arcing contacts.

L'objet de l'invention consiste à améliorer la tenue diélectrique d'un disjoncteur à autoexpansion du gaz isolant.The object of the invention is to improve the dielectric strength of a circuit breaker with self-expansion of the insulating gas.

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le conduit d'échappement est équipé de moyens de guidage agencés pour s'opposer dans ledit conduit à tout écoulement gazeux tourbillonnaire, notamment du type Vortex.The circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that the exhaust duct is equipped with guide means arranged to oppose in said duct any gas flow vortex, in particular of the Vortex type.

Les moyens de guidage de l'écoulement gazeux peuvent être formés par des nervures ou des bossages répartis autour de la périphérie interne des contacts tubulaires.The means for guiding the gas flow can be formed by ribs or bosses distributed around the internal periphery of the tubular contacts.

Les nervures peuvent être radiales ou inclinées dans le sens opposé du mouvement de rotation du gaz.The ribs can be radial or inclined in the opposite direction of the rotational movement of the gas.

La présence de ces nervures ou bossages canalise l'écoulement gazeux pour engendrer un régime laminaire ou turbulent, défini en fonction de la valeur du nombre de Reynolds, et de direction globalement parallèle à l'axe.The presence of these ribs or bosses channels the gas flow to generate a laminar or turbulent regime, defined as a function of the value of the Reynolds number, and of direction generally parallel to the axis.

Une bobine ou un aimant permanent peut être avantageusement incorporé dans la chambre de coupure pour provoquer la mise en rotation de l'arc, autorisant une extinction plus rapide de l'arc.A coil or a permanent magnet can advantageously be incorporated in the breaking chamber to cause the arc to rotate, allowing the arc to die out more quickly.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représenté aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur à autosoufflage selon l'invention, la demie-vue de gauche représentant la position d'ouverture, la demie-vue de droite la position de fermeture;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue partielle détaillée de la figure 1;
  • - les figures 3 à 6 sont des vues en coupes selon la ligne 3-3 de différentes variantes de réalisation, concernant les moyens de guidage de l'écoulement gazeux dans les contacts tubulaires.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting example and represented in the appended drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a self-blowing circuit breaker according to the invention, the left half-view representing the open position, the right half-view the closed position;
  • - Figure 2 is a detailed partial view of Figure 1;
  • - Figures 3 to 6 are sectional views along line 3-3 of different embodiments, concerning the means for guiding the gas flow in the tubular contacts.

Sur la figure 1, l'invention est décrite en rapport avec un disjoncteur ou un interrupteur à moyenne tension ou à haute tension décrit dans le document EPA298809, mais il est évident qu'elle est applicable à tout autre type de disjoncteur à auto expansion.In FIG. 1, the invention is described in relation to a circuit breaker or a switch at medium voltage or at high voltage described in document EPA298809, but it is obvious that it is applicable to any other type of self-expanding circuit breaker.

Le pôle comporte une enceinte 10 confinée par une enveloppe cylindrique 12, obturée à ses extrémités par deux fonds 14,16. L'enceinte 10 est remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment de l'hexafluorure de soufre à la pression atmosphérique ou à surpression. L'enveloppe cylindrique 12 peut être en un matériau isolant et les fonds 14,16 en matériau conducteur constituant des plages d'amenée de courant. Une tige de commande 18, disposée dans l'axe de l'enceinte 10, traverse d'une manière étanche le fond 16 et est prolongée à l'intérieur de l'enceinte 10 par un contact mobile tubulaire 20. Le contact mobile tubulaire 20 porte à son extrémité un contact d'arc mobile 22, coopérant avec un contact d'arc fixe 23 porté par le contact 24 fixé au fond opposé 14. Une chambre de coupure 26, constituée par une surface cylindrique 28 et deux fonds 30,32, entourent coaxialement les contacts 22,24. La surface cylindrique 28 et le fond 30 sont métalliques et reliés électriquement à la pièce de contact fixe 24. Le fond opposé 32, traversé par le contact mobile 20, est réalisé en un matériau isolant assurant l'isolation électrique entre le contact mobile 20 et la surface cylindrique 28.The pole comprises an enclosure 10 confined by a cylindrical envelope 12, closed at its ends by two bottoms 14,16. The enclosure 10 is filled with a gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride at atmospheric pressure or at overpressure. The cylindrical casing 12 may be made of an insulating material and the bottoms 14, 16 made of a conductive material constituting areas of current supply. A control rod 18, disposed in the axis of the enclosure 10, crosses the bottom 16 in a sealed manner and is extended inside the enclosure 10 by a tubular movable contact 20. The tubular movable contact 20 carries at its end a movable arcing contact 22, cooperating with a fixed arcing contact 23 carried by the contact 24 fixed to the opposite bottom 14. A breaking chamber 26, constituted by a cylindrical surface 28 and two bottoms 30,32 , coaxially surround the contacts 22,24. The cylindrical surface 28 and the bottom 30 are metallic and electrically connected to the fixed contact piece 24. The opposite bottom 32, crossed by the movable contact 20, is made of an insulating material ensuring electrical insulation between the movable contact 20 and the cylindrical surface 28.

A l'intérieur de la chambre de coupure 26 est disposée une bobine 34 accolée au fond métallique 30. La bobine 34 est coiffée d'une électrode 36 constituant une piste de migration d'arc disposée en regard du contact d'arc mobile 22. La bobine 34 est connectée électriquement d'une part, à l'électrode 36 et d'autre part, au fond 30 de manière à être insérée en série entre le contact d'arc mobile 22 et la pièce de contact fixe 24 en position fermée du disjoncteur.Inside the interrupting chamber 26 is disposed a coil 34 attached to the metal bottom 30. The coil 34 is capped with an electrode 36 constituting an arc migration track arranged opposite the movable arc contact 22. The coil 34 is electrically connected on the one hand, to the electrode 36 and on the other hand, to the bottom 30 so as to be inserted in series between the movable arcing contact 22 and the fixed contact piece 24 in the closed position of the circuit breaker.

En position d'ouverture du disjoncteur représentée sur la partie gauche de la figure 1, la chambre de coupure 26 communique avec l'enceinte 10, qui constitue une chambre d'expansion, d'une part, par le conduit 41 tubulaire du contact mobile 20 dont la base présente des orifices 38 de communication entre l'intérieur tubulaire du contact 20 et l'enceinte 10 et d'autre part, par la pièce de contact fixe 24 de forme tubulaire, qui est prolongée à travers la bobine 34 par un conduit central 40 et qui communique à sa base par des orifices 42 avec l'enceinte 10. Le contact d'arc fixe 23 est représenté schématiquement sur le bord annulaire interne de l'électrode 36. En position fermée du disjoncteur représenté sur la demi-vue de droite de la figure 1, le contact d'arc mobile 22 est abouté à l'électrode 36 en obturant les deux conduits d'échappement constitués par les contacts 20,24.In the open position of the circuit breaker shown on the left-hand side of FIG. 1, the breaking chamber 26 communicates with the enclosure 10, which constitutes an expansion chamber, of a on the one hand, by the tubular conduit 41 of the movable contact 20, the base of which has orifices 38 for communication between the tubular interior of the contact 20 and the enclosure 10 and, on the other hand, by the fixed contact piece 24 of tubular shape, which is extended through the coil 34 by a central duct 40 and which communicates at its base by orifices 42 with the enclosure 10. The fixed arcing contact 23 is shown diagrammatically on the internal annular edge of the electrode 36. In the closed position of the circuit breaker shown in the right half-view of FIG. 1, the movable arcing contact 22 is abutted to the electrode 36 by closing the two exhaust conduits formed by the contacts 20,24.

Le contact mobile d'arc 22 est un contact télescopique semi-fixe sollicité par un ressort 44 en position d'extension. Un contact glissant 46, porté par le fond 16 de l'enceinte 10, coopère avec le contact mobile 20 pour assurer la connexion électrique de ce contact mobile 20 et de la plage d'amenée de courant constituée par ce fond 16.The movable arcing contact 22 is a semi-fixed telescopic contact urged by a spring 44 in the extended position. A sliding contact 46, carried by the bottom 16 of the enclosure 10, cooperates with the movable contact 20 to ensure the electrical connection of this movable contact 20 and of the current supply range formed by this bottom 16.

La surface cylindrique 28 de la chambre de coupure 26 est prolongée en saillie du fond isolant 32 par un collet 48 agencé en contact fixe principal. Le contact principal fixe 48 coopère avec un contact principal mobile 50 constitué par un contact en tulipe porté par un support 52 solidaire du contact mobile 20. Les doigts du contact en tulipe coopèrent avec la surface interne du collet 48 de manière à respecter le gabarit de la chambre de coupure 26, mais il est clair qu'une disposition inverse de manière à enserrer extérieurement le collet 48 est utilisable lorsque l'encombrement des contacts principaux est secondaire.The cylindrical surface 28 of the interrupting chamber 26 is extended projecting from the insulating bottom 32 by a collar 48 arranged in main fixed contact. The fixed main contact 48 cooperates with a movable main contact 50 constituted by a tulip contact carried by a support 52 secured to the movable contact 20. The fingers of the tulip contact cooperate with the internal surface of the collar 48 so as to respect the size of the breaking chamber 26, but it is clear that a reverse arrangement so as to surround the collar 48 externally is usable when the size of the main contacts is secondary.

Le fonctionnement d'un tel interrupteur est bien connu des spécialistes, et il suffit de rappeler que l'ouverture du disjoncteur est commandée par un coulissement vers le bas sur la figure 1 de la tige de commande 18 qui entraîne le contact principal en tulipe 50 vers le bas dans une position de séparation du contact principal fixe 48. Pendant une première phase du mouvement d'ouverture du disjoncteur, le contact d'arc mobile 22 monté télescopiquement reste abouté à l'électrode 36 sous l'action du ressort 44. Dès la séparation des contacts principaux 48,50, le courant est commuté dans le circuit parallèle constitué par le contact d'arc mobile 22 et la bobine 34. L'ouverture des contacts principaux 48,50 s'effectue sans formation d'un arc et dès la commutation du courant dans le circuit parallèle, la bobine 34 engendre un champ magnétique qui contribue à l'extinction de l'arc se formant lors de la séparation des contacts d'arc 22,36 au cours du mouvement poursuivi d'ouverture du disjoncteur. L'arc tiré dans la chambre de coupure 26 provoque un échauffement et une montée en pression du gaz contenue dans cette chambre, lequel gaz s'échappe par les contacts tubulaires 20,24 vers la chambre d'expansion constituée par l'enceinte 10. Il en résulte un écoulement gazeux qui provoque le soufflage de l'arc.The operation of such a switch is well known to specialists, and it suffices to recall that the opening of the circuit breaker is controlled by sliding downward in FIG. 1 of the control rod 18 which drives the main contact in tulip 50 downwards in a position of separation from the fixed main contact 48. During a first phase of the opening movement of the circuit breaker, the arcing contact mobile 22 telescopically mounted remains abutted to the electrode 36 under the action of the spring 44. As soon as the main contacts 48.50 are separated, the current is switched in the parallel circuit formed by the movable arcing contact 22 and the coil 34 The main contacts 48.50 are opened without forming an arc and as soon as the current is switched in the parallel circuit, the coil 34 generates a magnetic field which contributes to the extinction of the arc formed during of the separation of the arcing contacts 22,36 during the continued opening movement of the circuit breaker. The arc drawn in the interrupting chamber 26 causes the gas contained in this chamber to heat up and build up in pressure, which gas escapes through the tubular contacts 20, 24 towards the expansion chamber constituted by the enclosure 10. This results in a gas flow which causes the arc to blow.

Dans l'exemple décrit ci-dessus, la bobine 34 est mise en circuit dès l'ouverture des contacts principaux 48,50 mais il est clair que cette mise en circuit peut être réalisée d'une manière différente, notamment par une commutation de l'arc sur l'électrode 36. La bobine 34 peut également être remplacée par un aimant permanent et l'écoulement gazeux peut s'effectuer à travers un seul des contacts.In the example described above, the coil 34 is switched on as soon as the main contacts 48.50 are opened, but it is clear that this circuiting can be carried out in a different way, in particular by switching the arc on the electrode 36. The coil 34 can also be replaced by a permanent magnet and the gas flow can take place through only one of the contacts.

Selon l'invention, au moins un des conduits 40,41 d'échappement ménagés dans les contacts tubulaires fixe 24 et mobile 20 comporte des moyens de guidage 56,58 (voir figure 1) de l'écoulement gazeux s'échappant vers la chambre d'expansion de l'enceinte 10 lors de la phase d'extinction de l'arc.According to the invention, at least one of the exhaust conduits 40,41 formed in the fixed tubular contacts 24 and movable 20 comprises guide means 56,58 (see FIG. 1) of the gas flow escaping towards the chamber expansion of the enclosure 10 during the arc extinction phase.

Sur la figure 2, les moyens de guidage 56 et 58 sont formés par des nervures 60 radiales solidarisées à la paroi cylindrique intérieure des contacts d'arc 23,22 creux.In FIG. 2, the guide means 56 and 58 are formed by radial ribs 60 secured to the inner cylindrical wall of the hollow arcing contacts 23, 22.

La figure 3 montre les moyens de guidage 56 à quatre nervures 60 échelonnées à angle droit le long de la périphérie cylindrique du tube support du contact d'arc 23. Les quatre nervures 60 ne s'étendent pas jusqu'au centre, de manière à délimiter un canal central 62 continu à l'entrée du conduit 40.FIG. 3 shows the guide means 56 with four ribs 60 staggered at right angles along the cylindrical periphery of the support tube of the arcing contact 23. The four ribs 60 do not do not extend to the center, so as to delimit a continuous central channel 62 at the entrance to the conduit 40.

Sur la figure 4, une seule nervure 60 diamétrale de séparation subdivise l'intérieur du contact 23 creux en deux canaux adjacents 64,66.In FIG. 4, a single diametrical separation rib 60 divides the interior of the hollow contact 23 into two adjacent channels 64, 66.

Sur la figure 5, deux nervures 60 diamétrales sont agencées en croix pour définir quatre canaux 68,70,72,74 distincts à l'entrée du conduit 40.In FIG. 5, two diametrical ribs 60 are arranged in a cross to define four distinct channels 68, 70, 72, 74 at the inlet of the conduit 40.

Les nervures 60 des autres moyens de guidage 58 sont identiques à celles décrites précédemment.The ribs 60 of the other guide means 58 are identical to those described above.

Sur la variante de la figure 6, les moyens de guidage 56 comportent une succession alternée de rainures 78 et de protubérances 80, échelonnées circonférentiellement le long du tube interne du contact d'arc 23.In the variant of FIG. 6, the guide means 56 comprise an alternating succession of grooves 78 and protuberances 80, circumferentially staggered along the internal tube of the arcing contact 23.

La fonction de ces nervures 60 ou protubérances 80 consiste à canaliser axialement le gaz dans les conduits 40,41 pour empêcher tout écoulement gazeux tourbillonnaire, notamment du type Vortex.The function of these ribs 60 or protuberances 80 consists in channeling the gas axially in the conduits 40, 41 to prevent any vortex gas flow, in particular of the Vortex type.

Il en résulte un écoulement laminaire ou turbulent en fonction de la valeur du nombre de Reynolds, qui dépend du dimensionnement et de la structure de la chambre 26 et des contacts d'arc 23,22. L'absence de mouvement hélicoïdal ordonné du gaz d'échappement dans les contacts (23,22; 24,20) contribue à réguler la densité de SF6 pour améliorer la tenue diélectrique, et empêcher tout réamorçage de l'arc à l'intérieur des contacts.This results in a laminar or turbulent flow depending on the value of the Reynolds number, which depends on the dimensioning and the structure of the chamber 26 and of the arcing contacts 23,22. The absence of an ordered helical movement of the exhaust gas in the contacts (23,22; 24,20) helps to regulate the density of SF6 to improve the dielectric strength, and prevent any re-ignition of the arc inside the contacts.

Dans les réalisations illustrées aux figures 2 à 6, les nervures 60 ou protubérances 80 sont réalisées en matériau conducteur.In the embodiments illustrated in Figures 2 to 6, the ribs 60 or protrusions 80 are made of conductive material.

La position longitudinale des nervures 60 peut être modifiée en fonction des calibres et des caractéristiques de coupure.The longitudinal position of the ribs 60 can be modified according to the sizes and cutting characteristics.

Selon une variante (non représentée), les nervures 60 ou protubérances 80 peuvent être réalisées en matériau isolant, et avoir une forme quelconque, et être notamment inclinées dans le sens opposé du mouvement de rotation du gaz.According to a variant (not shown), the ribs 60 or protuberances 80 can be made of insulating material, and have any shape, and in particular be inclined in the opposite direction of the rotational movement of the gas.

L'invention s'applique également à un disjoncteur à autoexpansion sans moyens magnétiques de mise en rotation de l'arc.The invention also applies to a self-expanding circuit breaker without magnetic means for rotating the arc.

Claims (7)

1. Disjoncteur électrique à auto-expansion ayant une enceinte (10) étanche remplie d'un gaz isolant à rigidité diélectrique élevée, et contenant un ou plusieurs pôles, chaque pôle comprenant:
- une première chambre (26) de coupure destinée à stocker du gaz isolant chauffé par l'arc;
- une paire de contacts (24,20) à déplacement relatif en translation axiale comportant des contacts d'arc (23,22) séparables délimitant un intervalle de coupure dans la première chambre (26);
- un conduit (40,41) tubulaire d'échappement de gaz, ménagé à l'intérieur d'au moins un des contacts (24,20) pour faire communiquer la première chambre (26) de coupure avec le volume restant de l'enceinte (10) formant la deuxième chambre pour l'expansion du gaz, caractérisé en ce que le conduit d'échappement (40,41) est équipé de moyens de guidage agencés pour s'opposer dans ledit conduit à tout écoulement gazeux tourbillonnaire, notamment du type Vortex.1. Self-expanding electrical circuit breaker having a sealed enclosure (10) filled with an insulating gas of high dielectric strength, and containing one or more poles, each pole comprising:
- a first breaking chamber (26) intended to store insulating gas heated by the arc;
- a pair of contacts (24,20) with relative displacement in axial translation comprising separable arcing contacts (23,22) delimiting a cut-off interval in the first chamber (26);
- A gas exhaust tubular conduit (40,41), formed inside at least one of the contacts (24,20) to communicate the first breaking chamber (26) with the remaining volume of the enclosure (10) forming the second chamber for the expansion of the gas, characterized in that the exhaust duct (40,41) is equipped with guide means arranged to oppose in said duct any swirling gas flow, in particular of the Vortex type. 2. Disjoncteur électrique à autoexpansion selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de guidage comportent au moins une nervure (60) faisant saillie de la paroi interne du conduit (40,41) tubulaire.2. Self-expanding electric circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide means comprise at least one rib (60) projecting from the internal wall of the tubular conduit (40,41). 3. Disjoncteur électrique à autoexpansion selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la nervure (60) s'étend dans un plan diamétral du conduit (40,41).3. Self-expanding electric circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that the rib (60) extends in a diametral plane of the conduit (40,41). 4. Disjoncteur électrique à autoexpansion, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de guidage comportent une succession alternée de rainures (78) et de protubérances (80) échelonnées circonférentiellement le long de la paroi interne du conduit (40,41) tubulaire.4. Self-expanding electrical circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide means comprise an alternating succession of grooves (78) and protuberances (80) staggered circumferentially along the inner wall of the tubular conduit (40,41). 5. Disjoncteur électrique à autoexpansion, selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la première chambre (26) de coupure renferme des moyens de soufflage magnétique, notamment une bobine ou un aimant permanent, susceptibles de créer un champ magnétique dans l'intervalle de coupure pour la mise en rotation de l'arc.5. Self-expanding electrical circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first breaking chamber (26) contains magnetic blowing means, in particular a coil or a permanent magnet, capable of creating a magnetic field in the cut-off interval for the rotation of the arc. 6. Disjoncteur électrique à autoexpansion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le conduit (40,41) d'échappement est ménagé dans l'axe du contact tubulaire (24,20) correspondant, et comporte à l'opposé des contacts d'arc (23,22) des orifices (42,38) de passage vers la deuxième chambre.6. Self-expanding electrical circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the exhaust duct (40,41) is formed in the axis of the corresponding tubular contact (24,20), and comprises at l 'opposite arcing contacts (23,22) of the orifices (42,38) for passage to the second chamber. 7. Disjoncteur électrique à autoexpansion selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les nervures sont inclinées dans le sens opposé du mouvement de rotation du gaz.7. Self-expanding electrical circuit breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that the ribs are inclined in the opposite direction of the gas rotational movement.
EP90420100A 1989-03-17 1990-02-26 Autoexpansion electric circuit breaker with insulating gas Expired - Lifetime EP0388323B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8903642 1989-03-17
FR8903642A FR2644624B1 (en) 1989-03-17 1989-03-17 ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH SELF-EXPANSION AND INSULATING GAS

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EP0388323A1 true EP0388323A1 (en) 1990-09-19
EP0388323B1 EP0388323B1 (en) 1994-06-01

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US (1) US5057655A (en)
EP (1) EP0388323B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02281522A (en)
DE (1) DE69009253D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2644624B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5057655A (en) 1991-10-15
DE69009253D1 (en) 1994-07-07
FR2644624B1 (en) 1996-03-22
JPH02281522A (en) 1990-11-19
FR2644624A1 (en) 1990-09-21
EP0388323B1 (en) 1994-06-01

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