EP0386556A2 - Process for producing a metallic composite body having a region of high wear resistance - Google Patents

Process for producing a metallic composite body having a region of high wear resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0386556A2
EP0386556A2 EP90103614A EP90103614A EP0386556A2 EP 0386556 A2 EP0386556 A2 EP 0386556A2 EP 90103614 A EP90103614 A EP 90103614A EP 90103614 A EP90103614 A EP 90103614A EP 0386556 A2 EP0386556 A2 EP 0386556A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
material particles
electroslag remelting
magnetic field
hard material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP90103614A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0386556A3 (en
Inventor
Hansgeorg Dipl.-Ing. Bremekamp
Peter Dr.-Ing. Dahlmann
Johannes Jachowski
Erich Dipl.-Ing. Mulisch
Paul Dipl.-Ing. Pant
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Fried Krupp AG
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Fried Krupp AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Fried Krupp AG filed Critical Fried Krupp AG
Publication of EP0386556A2 publication Critical patent/EP0386556A2/en
Publication of EP0386556A3 publication Critical patent/EP0386556A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • B22D23/10—Electroslag casting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing metallic, highly wear-resistant areas of blasting composite bodies, which consist of at least two different materials with at least one mixing zone formed therefrom, using electro-slag remelting, wherein in the block, which is built up by melting an electrode in a mold, Hard material particles fed continuously from above through the slag for dissolving can be stored in the base material of the block formed from the electrode material.
  • Hard material particles in the sense of the invention are hard material particles (ie hard carbides, nitrides, borides, oxides and silicides, in particular also WC and W2C) and / or hard metal particles, optionally also from broken hard metal scrap (ie alloys which consist of one or more hard materials, in particular carbides , and a binder metal composed of iron, cobalt and / or nickel).
  • hard material particles ie hard carbides, nitrides, borides, oxides and silicides, in particular also WC and W2C
  • hard metal particles optionally also from broken hard metal scrap (ie alloys which consist of one or more hard materials, in particular carbides , and a binder metal composed of iron, cobalt and / or nickel).
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method which enables the production of a composite body with at least one region running parallel to the solidification axis and which is highly wear-resistant due to the incorporation of hard material particles in the base material.
  • the object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1.
  • the basic idea of the invention is then, during the electroslag remelting generate an inward magnetic field on at least part of the mold circumference; This causes the hard material particles to be embedded in at least one edge section and over the height in the longitudinal direction of the mold of the building block.
  • the hard material particles can be embedded in such a way that at least a more or less wide area with the desired properties is created in the block, which extends only over part of the block cross section.
  • the magnetic field should come into play in particular in the mold section, in which the hard material particles pass through the slag layer below the electrode and are embedded in the metal sump below.
  • a magnetic field to produce an edge intercalation of hard material particles naturally presupposes that they can be influenced by the magnetic field, that is to say they are ferromagnetic. If desired, the magnetic field can also be designed such that it completely surrounds the mold and accordingly leads to the formation of a highly wear-resistant area with a closed cross section.
  • the magnetic field can be produced in a simple manner by magnets arranged successively in the longitudinal direction of the mold; these can be used in the process according to the invention be designed as permanent magnets or as electromagnets.
  • the magnetic field is preferably moved during the electroslag remelting in adaptation to the build-up speed of the block (ie in coordination with the remelting speed) (claim 2). This has the advantage that the magnetic field can act specifically in each case in the mold section, in which the hard material particles penetrate into the metal sump and must be suitably arranged to form the highly wear-resistant area.
  • the adaptation of the magnetic field to the build-up speed of the block can advantageously also be carried out in such a way that a plurality of stationary electromagnets which follow one another in the longitudinal direction of the mold are switched on or off in succession in accordance with the movement of the metal sump.
  • the formation of the highly wear-resistant area in the longitudinal direction of the mold can also be influenced, if necessary, by changing the strength of the magnetic field in the course of the electroslag remelting in a certain manner, for example periodically or linearly (claim 3).
  • the method of the invention can be further developed in such a way that the electroslag remelting is carried out in a mold with a cross section close to the final contour (claim 4); such a procedure allows the composite body removed from the mold to be installed without further processing, for example in a wear unit.
  • Another possible embodiment of the method consists in performing the electroslag remelting in a mold with a geometrically simple cross-section and converting the composite body into its final shape by subsequent hot deformation (claim 5). Of course, this presupposes that the area of the base material not covered with hard material particles can be thermoformed due to its material properties.
  • the addition of the hard material particles in adaptation to the remelting speed in the electroslag remelting is preferably carried out in such a way that the mass of the incorporated hard material particles makes up between 20% and 95% of the mass of the remelted base material (claim 6).
  • the hard material particles supplied during the electroslag remelting should have a size between 0.5 mm and 10 mm (claim 7).
  • a magnetic field generator is assigned to at least part of the circumferential wall of the mold. This is - in accordance with the task - designed in any case so that the highly wear-resistant area arising in the edge section over the entire length of the block extends in the mold longitudinal direction.
  • a particularly simple magnetic field generator consists of at least one permanent magnet which is either held stationary or can be moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the mold via a feed drive.
  • the magnetic field generator is designed in such a way that it completely surrounds the circumferential wall of the mold - viewed in plan view - that is, it is normally adapted to the cross section of the mold. If, for example, the mold has a circular cross section, the magnetic field generator consists of a ring magnet that is stationary or movable with respect to the mold.
  • a mold 1 with a cross section that is rectangular in plan view is used to carry out the method according to the invention; For the sake of clarity, only the two side surfaces 1a, 1b of the mold circumferential wall and the bottom surface 1c are shown. The three surfaces mentioned are each perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • electroslag remelting a block 2 gradually builds up in the mold 1 from bottom to top, namely by melting an electrode 3 providing the base material; this dips into a liquid slag 4 on the face side and melts in the process.
  • a magnetic field generator 10 is assigned to each of the side surfaces 1a and 1b of the mold circumferential wall, each of which originates in the mold longitudinal direction successive, stationary magnets 10a assembled.
  • the hard material particles 7 supplied laterally from above during the electroslag remelting are influenced by the magnetic field emanating from the two magnetic field generators 10 in such a way that they preferentially in the edge section of the building block 2, that is to say in the vicinity of the side surfaces 1a and 1b, into the base material store and form there the already mentioned, highly wear-resistant area 8 or 9 with the width B.
  • the magnets 10a consist of permanent magnets; however, they can also be designed as electromagnets which, if desired, can be switched on or off in chronological succession from bottom to top in adaptation to the build-up speed of the block 2 being formed.
  • the incorporation of the hard material particles in the end region of the mold 1 can, if necessary, be influenced favorably by the two magnetic field generators 10 being angled in the beginning and end region of the side surfaces 1a and 1b, that is to say overall (as seen in the plan view) they are U-shaped with short legs .
  • the composite body present after the electroslag remelting has three regions in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, each in the longitudinal direction of the mold or are aligned parallel to the solidification axis of the block 2, namely the left and right highly wear-resistant regions 8 and 9 with the width B and the intermediate central region, which consists only of the base material of the electrode 3.
  • the two magnetic field generators 10 the manner in which the hard material particles 7 are embedded in the base material can thus be specifically influenced or supported.
  • the magnetic field generator 10 in such a way that the magnetic field emanating from it and directed into the mold interior is effective in different degrees in sections; In this way, for example, the thickness of the highly wear-resistant areas 8 and 9 - viewed across the width of the mold 1 transversely to the plane of the drawing - can be varied.
  • the mold shown in FIG. 2 has a cross section which is circular in plan view, that is to say a correspondingly continuously curved peripheral wall 1d. This is enclosed at a distance from a magnetic field generator 10, which is designed as a ring magnet and is height-adjustable in the longitudinal direction of the mold.
  • the movement of the ring magnet, which is adapted to the build-up speed of the block 2 during the electroslag remelting, is indicated by arrows 11.
  • the ring magnet is preferably moved in such a way that the magnetic field emanating from it into the mold interior is targeted at the location is effective at which the hard material particles 7 continuously supplied during the electroslag remelting enter the metal sump 5 and are connected there by melting to the base material.
  • the composite body present after the electroslag remelting has the shape of a cylinder, the peripheral section of which extends in the circumferential direction as a circumferential, highly wear-resistant region 12 with the depth T.
  • the method can also advantageously be carried out in such a way that the magnetic field generator used as an electromagnet generates a time-varying magnetic field and thereby causes a differently designed edge storage of the hard material particles in the base material.
  • the magnetic field generator can be divided into individual circumferential sections, which allow the magnetic field to be configured differently in sections or to vary over time.
  • the composite body can be produced in the manner in which you use FIG. 1 has been explained, ie by using a mold 1 with a correspondingly shaped cross section, the highly wear-resistant region 13a can be produced in that only one side surface of the mold - for example the side surface 1a in FIG. 1 - is equipped with a magnetic field generator.
  • the composite body in question thus has two sections, namely the area 13a and the remaining area, which consists only of the base material of the electrode melted during the electroslag remelting.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cylindrical or roller-shaped composite body 14 which can be produced using the method according to FIG. 2.
  • the cylindrical edge section of the composite body is formed by the area 12 enriched with hard material particles (cf. FIG. 2); the core section 12a of the composite body consists only of the base material supplied by the electrode.
  • the manufacturing process can also be carried out with the appropriate design of the mold 1 (cf. in particular Fig. 1) using suitably arranged magnetic field generators in such a way that the composite body produced by electro-slag remelting has the shape of the plate 15 shown in FIG. 5 and is equipped with two highly wear-resistant areas 15a and 15b which, in the longitudinal direction of the plate, limit the top and bottom thereof.
  • the central region 15c of the plate can, at appropriate selection of the base material, as which intermediate layer to be formed; this allows the plate-shaped composite body 15 to be converted into its final shape by hot deformation.
  • the advantage achieved by the invention is, in particular, that composite slag can be produced by electroslag remelting under the action of at least one magnetic field with at least one highly wear-resistant area which runs parallel to the solidification axis of the electroslag remelting block.
  • a suitable design of the cross section of the mold can ensure that the composite body produced is designed close to the final contour, that is to say that it no longer requires any finishing or finishing.
  • the generation of at least one suitable magnetic field not only makes it possible to optimize the incorporation of the hard material particles in the base material; rather, the cross section and course of the area enriched with hard material particles can thereby be varied to a large extent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Particularly in the field of comminution technology, components are required in which the wear-resistant zone covered with sintered material particles would have to run parallel to the axis of solidification of the composite body to be produced. For this purpose, a production process using electroslag remelting and proceeding with addition of sintered material particles is proposed, wherein, during the electroslag remelting, the sintered material particles are fed continuously and, at least on a part of the mould circumference, an inward-directed magnetic field is generated, by means of which the sintered material particles are caused to be incorporated in at least one peripheral section and over the height of the block building up in the longitudinal direction of the mould. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer, hochverschleißbeständige Bereiche aufwelsender Verbundkörper, die aus zumindest zwei unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen mit mindestens einer daraus gebildeten Mischzone bestehen, unter Anwendung des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens, wobei in den Block, der sich währenddessen durch Aufschmelzen einer Elektrode in einer Kokille aufbaut, kontinuierlich von oben durch die Schlacke hindurch zugeführte Hartstoffteilchen zum Anlösen an den aus dem Elektrodenwerkstoff gebildeten Grundwerkstoff des Blocks eingelagert werden.
Hartstoffteilchen im Sinne der Erfindung sind dabei Hartstoffteilchen (d.h. harte Carbide, Nitride, Boride, Oxide und Silicide, insbesondere auch WC und W₂C) und/oder Hartmetallteilchen, gegebenenfalls auch aus gebrochenem Hartmetallschrott (d.h. Legierungen, die aus einem oder mehreren Hartstoffen, insbesondere Carbiden, und einem Bindemetall zusammengesetzt sind, das aus Eisen, Kobalt und/oder Nickel besteht).The invention relates to a method for producing metallic, highly wear-resistant areas of blasting composite bodies, which consist of at least two different materials with at least one mixing zone formed therefrom, using electro-slag remelting, wherein in the block, which is built up by melting an electrode in a mold, Hard material particles fed continuously from above through the slag for dissolving can be stored in the base material of the block formed from the electrode material.
Hard material particles in the sense of the invention are hard material particles (ie hard carbides, nitrides, borides, oxides and silicides, in particular also WC and W₂C) and / or hard metal particles, optionally also from broken hard metal scrap (ie alloys which consist of one or more hard materials, in particular carbides , and a binder metal composed of iron, cobalt and / or nickel).

Bei einem gattungsgemäßen Herstellverfahren - beschrieben in der DE-PS 34 19 406 - werden bereits die beim Elektroschlackeumschmelzen erzielbaren hohen Schmelztemperaturen, die zudem eine deutliche Verringerung der Viskosität der Schmelze zur Folge haben, dazu ausgenutzt, die verhältnismäßig rasch in der Schmelze absinkenden Hartstoffteilchen problemlos mit dem (von der aufschmelzenden Elektrode gelieferten) Grundwerkstoff zu verbinden.
Das in Rede stehende Herstellverfahren sieht allerdings nur die Einlagerung der Hartstoffteilchen senkrecht zur Erstarrungsachse des sich beim Elektroschlackeumschmelzen aufbauenden Blockes vor, und zwar wahlweise in mehreren Bereichen innerhalb des Blockes oder im gesamten umgeschmolzenen Block.In a generic manufacturing process - described in DE-PS 34 19 406 - those that can be achieved with electroslag remelting are already achieved high melting temperatures, which also result in a significant reduction in the viscosity of the melt, are used to easily connect the relatively quickly sinking hard material particles in the melt with the base material (supplied by the melting electrode).
The manufacturing process in question, however, only provides for the storage of the hard material particles perpendicular to the solidification axis of the block building up during the electroslag remelting, specifically in several areas within the block or in the entire remelted block.

Für bestimmte Einsatzzwecke - insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der Zerkleinerungstechnik - werden für den Einbau in Verschleißeinheiten jedoch Bauteile benötigt, in welchen der möglichst verschleißfeste, mit Hartstoffteilchen versehene Bereich parallel zur Erstarrungsachse des herzustellenden Verbundkörpers verlaufen müßte.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, welches die Herstellung eines Verbundkörpers mit zumindest einem parallel zur Erstarrungachse verlaufenden Bereich ermöglicht, der durch Einlagerung von Hartstoffteilchen in den Grundwerkstoff hochverschleißbeständig ist.For certain applications - especially in the field of shredding technology - components are required for installation in wear units, in which the wear-resistant area with hard material particles should run parallel to the solidification axis of the composite body to be produced.
The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method which enables the production of a composite body with at least one region running parallel to the solidification axis and which is highly wear-resistant due to the incorporation of hard material particles in the base material.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht danach darin, während des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens zumindest auf einem Teil des Kokillenumfangs ein nach innen gerichtetes Magnetfeld zu erzeugen; dieses ruft eine Einlagerung der Hartstoffteilchen in zumindest einem Randabschnitt und über die Höhe in Kokillenlängsrichtung des sich aufbauenden Blocks hervor. Abhängig von der Stärke und vom Verlauf des Magnetfeldes lassen sich die Hartstoffteilchen in der Weise einlagern, daß in dem Block zumindest ein mehr oder weniger breiter Bereich mit den gewünschten Eigenschaften entsteht, der sich lediglich über einen Teil des Blockquerschnitts erstreckt. Das Magnetfeld sollte dabei insbesondere in dem Kokillenabschnitt zur Einwirkung kommen, in dem die Hartstoffteilchen durch die Schlackeschicht unterhalb der Elektrode hindurchtreten und sich in dem darunter befindlichen Metallsumpf einlagern. Die Anwendung eines Magnetfeldes zur Erzeugung einer Randeinlagerung von Hartstoffteilchen setzt selbstverständlich voraus, daß diese durch das Magnetfeld beeinflußbar, also ferromagnetisch sind. Gewünschtenfalls kann das Magnetfeld auch in der Weise ausgestaltet sein, daß es die Kokille vollständig umschließt und dementsprechend zur Bildung eines hochverschleißbeständigen Bereichs mit in sich geschlossenem Querschnitt führt.The object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1. The basic idea of the invention is then, during the electroslag remelting generate an inward magnetic field on at least part of the mold circumference; This causes the hard material particles to be embedded in at least one edge section and over the height in the longitudinal direction of the mold of the building block. Depending on the strength and the course of the magnetic field, the hard material particles can be embedded in such a way that at least a more or less wide area with the desired properties is created in the block, which extends only over part of the block cross section. The magnetic field should come into play in particular in the mold section, in which the hard material particles pass through the slag layer below the electrode and are embedded in the metal sump below. The use of a magnetic field to produce an edge intercalation of hard material particles naturally presupposes that they can be influenced by the magnetic field, that is to say they are ferromagnetic. If desired, the magnetic field can also be designed such that it completely surrounds the mold and accordingly leads to the formation of a highly wear-resistant area with a closed cross section.

Das Magnetfeld kann in einfacher Weise durch in Kokillenlängsrichtung aufeinanderfolgende, orstfest angeordnete Magnete hervorgerufen werden; diese können im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens als Dauermagnete oder als Elektromagnete ausgebildet sein.
Vorzugsweise wird das Magnetfeld während des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens in Anpassung an die Aufbaugeschwindigkeit des Blocks (d.h. in Abstimmung mit der Umschmelzgeschwindigkeit) mitbewegt (Anspruch 2). Dies hat den Vorteil, daß das Magnetfeld jeweils gerade in dem Kokillenabschnitt gezielt wirksam werden kann, in dem die Hartstoffteilchen in den Metallsumpf eindringen und zur Bildung des hochverschleißbeständigen Bereichs geeignet angeordnet werden müssen.
Die Anpassung des Magnetfelds an die Aufbaugeschwindigkeit des Blocks kann vorteilhaft auch in der Weise erfolgen, daß mehrere ortsfeste, in Kokillenlängsrichtung aufeinanderfolgende Elektromagnete der Bewegung des Metallsumpfes entsprechend zeitlich nacheinander zu - bzw. abgeschaltet werden. Die Ausbildung des hochverschleißbeständigen Bereichs in Kokillenlängsrichtung läßt sich gegebenenfalls auch dadurch beeinflussen, daß die Stärke des Magnetfeldes im Laufe des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens in einer bestimmten Weise, beispielsweise periodisch oder linear, verändert wird (Anspruch 3).The magnetic field can be produced in a simple manner by magnets arranged successively in the longitudinal direction of the mold; these can be used in the process according to the invention be designed as permanent magnets or as electromagnets.
The magnetic field is preferably moved during the electroslag remelting in adaptation to the build-up speed of the block (ie in coordination with the remelting speed) (claim 2). This has the advantage that the magnetic field can act specifically in each case in the mold section, in which the hard material particles penetrate into the metal sump and must be suitably arranged to form the highly wear-resistant area.
The adaptation of the magnetic field to the build-up speed of the block can advantageously also be carried out in such a way that a plurality of stationary electromagnets which follow one another in the longitudinal direction of the mold are switched on or off in succession in accordance with the movement of the metal sump. The formation of the highly wear-resistant area in the longitudinal direction of the mold can also be influenced, if necessary, by changing the strength of the magnetic field in the course of the electroslag remelting in a certain manner, for example periodically or linearly (claim 3).

Das Verfahren der Erfindung kann in der Weise weiter ausgestaltet sein, daß das Elektroschlackeumschmelzen in einer Kokille mit endkonturnah ausgebildetem Querschnitt durchgeführt wird (Anspruch 4); eine derartige Verfahrensführung gestattet es, den der Kokille entnommenen Verbundkörper ohne weitere Bearbeitung beispielsweise in eine Verschleißeinheit einzubauen.
Eine andere Ausführungsmöglichkeit des Verfahrens besteht darin, das Elektroschlackeumschmelzen in einer Kokille mit einem geometrisch einfachen Querschnitt auszuführen und den Verbundkörper durch eine sich anschließende Warmverformung in seine Endform zu überführen (Anspruch 5). Dies setzt selbstverständlich voraus, daß der nicht mit Hartstoffteilchen belegte Bereich des Grundwerkstoffs aufgrund seiner Werkstoffeigenschaften warmverformbar ist.The method of the invention can be further developed in such a way that the electroslag remelting is carried out in a mold with a cross section close to the final contour (claim 4); such a procedure allows the composite body removed from the mold to be installed without further processing, for example in a wear unit.
Another possible embodiment of the method consists in performing the electroslag remelting in a mold with a geometrically simple cross-section and converting the composite body into its final shape by subsequent hot deformation (claim 5). Of course, this presupposes that the area of the base material not covered with hard material particles can be thermoformed due to its material properties.

Die Zugabe der Hartstoffteilchen in Anpassung an die Umschmelzgeschwindigkeit beim Elektroschlackeumschmelzen erfolgt vorzugsweise derart, daß die Masse der eingelagerten Hartstoffteilchen zwischen 20 % und 95 % der Masse des umgeschmolzenen Grundwerkstoffs ausmacht (Anspruch 6).
Die während des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens zugeführten Hartstoffteilchen sollten eine Größe zwischen 0,5 mm und 10 mm aufweisen (Anspruch 7).The addition of the hard material particles in adaptation to the remelting speed in the electroslag remelting is preferably carried out in such a way that the mass of the incorporated hard material particles makes up between 20% and 95% of the mass of the remelted base material (claim 6).
The hard material particles supplied during the electroslag remelting should have a size between 0.5 mm and 10 mm (claim 7).

Bei einer zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeigneten Vorrichtung ist zumindest einem Teil der Umfangswand der Kokille ein Magnetfelderzeuger zugeordnet. Dieser ist - entsprechend der Aufgabenstellung - in jedem Falle so ausgebildet, daß der im Randabschnitt entstehende hochverschleißbeständige Bereich sich über die gesamte Länge des Blocks in Kokillenlängsrichtung erstreckt. Ein besonders einfach aufgebauter Magnetfelderzeuger besteht aus zumindest einem Dauermagneten, der entweder ortsfest gehalten oder über einen Vorschubantrieb in Kokillenlängsrichtung hin und her verfahrbar ist.In a device suitable for carrying out the method, a magnetic field generator is assigned to at least part of the circumferential wall of the mold. This is - in accordance with the task - designed in any case so that the highly wear-resistant area arising in the edge section over the entire length of the block extends in the mold longitudinal direction. A particularly simple magnetic field generator consists of at least one permanent magnet which is either held stationary or can be moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the mold via a feed drive.

Zur Erzeugung eines in sich geschlossenen hochverschleißbeständigen Bereichs ist der Magnetfelderzeuger in der Weise ausgestaltet, daß er die Umfangswand der Kokille - in der Draufsicht betrachtet - vollständig umschließt, also im Normalfall dem Querschnitt der Kokille angepaßt ist. Falls also die Kokille beispielsweise einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweist, besteht der Magnetfelderzeuger aus einem bezüglich der Kokille ortsfesten oder beweglichen Ringmagneten.To produce a self-contained, highly wear-resistant area, the magnetic field generator is designed in such a way that it completely surrounds the circumferential wall of the mold - viewed in plan view - that is, it is normally adapted to the cross section of the mold. If, for example, the mold has a circular cross section, the magnetic field generator consists of a ring magnet that is stationary or movable with respect to the mold.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele im einzelnen erläutert.The invention is explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments schematically illustrated in the drawing.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 im Vertikalschnitt eine Kokille mit in der Draufsicht rechteckförmigem Querschnitt, in der durch Elektroschlackeumschmelzen ein Verbundkörper erzeugt wird und der auf der linken und rechten Seite jeweils ein ortsfester Magnetfelderzeuger mit in Kokillenlängsrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden Magneten zugeordnet ist,
  • Fig. 2 im Vertikalschnitt eine Kokille mit in der Draufsicht kreisförmigem Querschnitt zur Erzeugung eines Verbundkörpers durch Elektroschlackeumschmelzen, deren Umfangswand mit Abstand von einem höhenverfahrbaren Ringmagneten umschlossen ist,
  • Fig. 3 in Schrägansicht einen endkonturnah hergestellten Verbundkörper mit einem hochverschleißbeständigen Bereich,
  • Fig. 4 in Schrägansicht einen Verbundkörper, der mittels des anhand der Fig. 2 erläuterten Verfahrens herstellbar ist, und
  • Fig. 5 in Schrägansicht einen plattenförmigen Verbundkörper, der mittels des anhand der Fig. 1 erläuterten Verfahrens herstellbar ist.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1 in vertical section, a mold with a rectangular cross-section in plan view, in which a composite body is produced by electro-slag remelting and on the left and right side in each case a stationary magnetic field generator with magnets successive in the longitudinal direction of the mold is assigned,
  • 2 is a vertical section of a mold with a circular cross section in plan view for producing a composite body by electroslag remelting, the peripheral wall of which is enclosed at a distance by a ring magnet which can be moved vertically,
  • 3 an oblique view of a near-net-shape composite body with a highly wear-resistant area,
  • 4 an oblique view of a composite body which can be produced by means of the method explained with reference to FIG. 2, and
  • 5 shows an oblique view of a plate-shaped composite body which can be produced by means of the method explained with reference to FIG. 1.

Gemäß Fig. 1 findet zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eine Kokille 1 mit einem in der Draufsicht rechteckförmigen Querschnitt Verwendung; der Übersichtlichkeit halber sind lediglich die beiden Seitenflächen 1a, 1b der Kokillenumfangswand und die Bodenfläche 1c dargestellt. Die drei genannten Flächen verlaufen jeweils senkrecht zur Zeichenebene.
Durch Elektroschlackeumschmelzen baut sich in der Kokille 1 nach und nach ein Block 2 von unten nach oben auf, und zwar durch Abschmelzen einer den Grundwerkstoff liefernden Elektrode 3; diese taucht stirnseitig in eine flüssige Schlacke 4 ein und schmilzt dabei ab. Zwischen dem von der Elektrode 3 ausgehenden Tropfenstrom und der Schlacke 4 kommt es zu intensiven Reaktionen, bevor die weitgehend von unerwünschten Verunreinigungen befreiten Metalltropfen unterhalb der Schlacke 4 einen Metallsumpf 5 bilden; dessen Lage verschiebt sich mit dem fortschreitenden Aufbau des Blocks 2 nach oben.
Zur Bildung der gewünschten hochverschleißbeständigen Bereiche, werden von oben in Richtung der Pfeile 6 kontinuierlich Hartstoffteilchen 7 seitlich zugeführt, die durch die Schlacke 4 hindurch absinken und sich durch Anlösen mit dem von der Elektrode 3 gelieferten Grundwerkstoff des sich bildenden Blocks 2 verbinden.
Die Hartstoffteilchen, deren Korngröße beispielsweise zwischen 1 und 2 mm liegt, und die Elektrode 3 sind hinsichtlich ihrer Eigenschaften in der Weise aufeinander abgestimmt, daß sie im Zusammenwirken jeweils einen hochverschleißbeständigen Bereich 8 bzw. 9 bilden.According to FIG. 1, a mold 1 with a cross section that is rectangular in plan view is used to carry out the method according to the invention; For the sake of clarity, only the two side surfaces 1a, 1b of the mold circumferential wall and the bottom surface 1c are shown. The three surfaces mentioned are each perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
By electroslag remelting, a block 2 gradually builds up in the mold 1 from bottom to top, namely by melting an electrode 3 providing the base material; this dips into a liquid slag 4 on the face side and melts in the process. Intensive reactions occur between the drop stream emanating from the electrode 3 and the slag 4 before the metal drops below the slag 4, which are largely freed of undesirable impurities, form a metal sump 5; its position shifts upward as block 2 progresses.
To form the desired highly wear-resistant areas, hard material particles 7 are continuously fed in laterally from above in the direction of the arrows 6, which sink through the slag 4 and, by dissolving, combine with the base material of the block 2 that is provided by the electrode 3.
The hard material particles, the grain size of which is, for example, between 1 and 2 mm, and the electrode 3 are matched to one another in terms of their properties in such a way that they each form a highly wear-resistant region 8 and 9 in cooperation.

Den Seitenflächen 1a und 1b der Kokillenumfangswand ist jeweils ein Magnetfelderzeuger 10 zugeordnet, der sich jeweils aus in Kokillenlängsrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden, ortsfest gehaltenen Magneten 10a zusammensetzt.
Die während des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens seitlich von oben zugeführten Hartstoffteilchen 7 werden durch das von den beiden Magnetfelderzeugern 10 ausgehende Magnetfeld in der Weise beeinflußt, daß sie sich bevorzugt im Randabschnitt des sich aufbauenden Blocks 2, also in der Nähe der Seitenflächen 1a und 1b, in den Grundwerkstoff einlagern und dort jeweils den bereits erwähnten, hochverschleißbeständigen Bereich 8 bzw. 9 mit der Breite B bilden.A magnetic field generator 10 is assigned to each of the side surfaces 1a and 1b of the mold circumferential wall, each of which originates in the mold longitudinal direction successive, stationary magnets 10a assembled.
The hard material particles 7 supplied laterally from above during the electroslag remelting are influenced by the magnetic field emanating from the two magnetic field generators 10 in such a way that they preferentially in the edge section of the building block 2, that is to say in the vicinity of the side surfaces 1a and 1b, into the base material store and form there the already mentioned, highly wear-resistant area 8 or 9 with the width B.

Die Magnete 10a bestehen im einfachsten Fall aus Dauermagneten; sie können jedoch auch als Elektromagnete ausgebildet sein, die sich gewünschtenfalls - in Anpassung an die Aufbaugeschwindigkeit des sich bildenden Blocks 2 - in zeitlicher Aufeinanderfolge von unten nach oben zu- bzw. abschalten lassen.
Die Einlagerung der Hartstoffteilchen im Endbereich der Kokille 1 läßt sich erforderlichenfalls dadurch günstig beeinflussen, daß die beiden Magnetfelderzeuger 10 im Anfangs- und Endbereich der Seitenflächen 1a und 1b abgewinkelt sind, d.h. insgesamt (in der Draufsicht gesehen) U-förmig mit kurzgehaltenen Schenkeln ausgebildet sind.In the simplest case, the magnets 10a consist of permanent magnets; however, they can also be designed as electromagnets which, if desired, can be switched on or off in chronological succession from bottom to top in adaptation to the build-up speed of the block 2 being formed.
The incorporation of the hard material particles in the end region of the mold 1 can, if necessary, be influenced favorably by the two magnetic field generators 10 being angled in the beginning and end region of the side surfaces 1a and 1b, that is to say overall (as seen in the plan view) they are U-shaped with short legs .

Der nach Abschluß des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens vorliegende Verbundkörper weist bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform drei Bereiche auf, die jeweils in Längsrichtung der Kokille bzw. parallel zur Erstarrungsachse des Blocks 2 ausgerichtet sind, nämlich den linken und rechten hochverschleißbeständigen Bereich 8 bzw. 9 mit der Breite B und den dazwischenliegenden Mittelbereich, der lediglich aus dem Grundwerkstoff der Elektrode 3 besteht.
Durch den Einsatz der beiden Magnetfelderzeuger 10 kann also die Art und Weise der Einlagerung der Hartstoffteilchen 7 in den Grundwerkstoff gezielt beeinflußt bzw. unterstützt werden. Insbesondere ist es auch möglich, den Magnetfelderzeuger 10 in der Weise auszubilden, daß das von ihm ausgehende, ins Kokilleninnere gerichtete Magnetfeld abschnittweise in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß wirksam ist; auf diese Weise läßt sich beispielsweise die Stärke der hochverschleißbeständigen Bereiche 8 und 9 - über die Breite der Kokille 1 quer zur Zeichenebene gesehen - variieren.The composite body present after the electroslag remelting has three regions in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, each in the longitudinal direction of the mold or are aligned parallel to the solidification axis of the block 2, namely the left and right highly wear-resistant regions 8 and 9 with the width B and the intermediate central region, which consists only of the base material of the electrode 3.
By using the two magnetic field generators 10, the manner in which the hard material particles 7 are embedded in the base material can thus be specifically influenced or supported. In particular, it is also possible to design the magnetic field generator 10 in such a way that the magnetic field emanating from it and directed into the mold interior is effective in different degrees in sections; In this way, for example, the thickness of the highly wear-resistant areas 8 and 9 - viewed across the width of the mold 1 transversely to the plane of the drawing - can be varied.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Kokille weist einen in der Draufsicht kreisförmigen Querschnitt, also eine dementsprechend durchlaufend gekrümmte Umfangswand 1d auf. Diese ist mit Abstand von einem Magnetfelderzeuger 10 umschlossen, der als Ringmagnet ausgebildet und in Längsrichtung der Kokille höhenverfahrbar ist.
Die während des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens der Aufbaugeschwindigkeit des Blocks 2 angepaßte Bewegung des Ringmagneten ist durch Pfeile 11 angedeutet.The mold shown in FIG. 2 has a cross section which is circular in plan view, that is to say a correspondingly continuously curved peripheral wall 1d. This is enclosed at a distance from a magnetic field generator 10, which is designed as a ring magnet and is height-adjustable in the longitudinal direction of the mold.
The movement of the ring magnet, which is adapted to the build-up speed of the block 2 during the electroslag remelting, is indicated by arrows 11.

Der Ringmagnet wird vorzugsweise in der Weise mitbewegt, daß das von ihm ausgehende ins Kokilleninnere gerichtete Magnetfeld jeweils gezielt an der Stelle wirksam wird, an welcher die während des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens kontinuierlich zugeführten Hartstoffteilchen 7 in den Metallsumpf 5 eintreten und dort durch Anschmelzen mit dem Grundwerkstoff verbunden werden.The ring magnet is preferably moved in such a way that the magnetic field emanating from it into the mold interior is targeted at the location is effective at which the hard material particles 7 continuously supplied during the electroslag remelting enter the metal sump 5 and are connected there by melting to the base material.

Der nach Abschluß des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens vorliegende Verbundkörper weist die Gestalt eines Zylinders auf, dessen in Umfangsrichtung verlaufender Randabschnitt als umlaufender, hochverschleißbeständiger Bereich 12 mit der Tiefe T ausgebildet ist.
Abhängig von den gewünschten Eigenschaften des Verbundkörpers kann das Verfahren auch in der Weise vorteilhaft ausgeführt werden, daß der zum Einsatz kommende Magnetfelderzeuger als Elektromagnet ein zeitlich veränderliches Magnetfeld erzeugt und dadurch eine unterschiedlich ausgebildete Randeinlagerung der Hartstoffteilchen in den Grundwerkstoff bewirkt.
Der Magnetfelderzeuger kann stattdessen oder zusätzlich in einzelne Umfangsabschnitte unterteilt sein, die es gestatten, das Magnetfeld abschnittweise unterschiedlich auszubilden bzw. zeitlich zu variieren.The composite body present after the electroslag remelting has the shape of a cylinder, the peripheral section of which extends in the circumferential direction as a circumferential, highly wear-resistant region 12 with the depth T.
Depending on the desired properties of the composite body, the method can also advantageously be carried out in such a way that the magnetic field generator used as an electromagnet generates a time-varying magnetic field and thereby causes a differently designed edge storage of the hard material particles in the base material.
Instead or additionally, the magnetic field generator can be divided into individual circumferential sections, which allow the magnetic field to be configured differently in sections or to vary over time.

Der in Fig. 3 dargestellte, mittels des Verfahrens herstellbare Verbundkörper 13 weist bereits seine Endkontur auf und kann ohne weitere Bearbeitung beispielsweise in eine Verschleißeinheit eingearbeitet werden.
Der Verbundkörper kann dabei in der Weise hergestellt werden, wie Sie anhand der Fig. 1 erläutert worden ist, d.h. durch Einsatz einer Kokille 1 mit entsprechend geformtem Querschnitt läßt sich der hochverschleißbeständige Bereich 13a dadurch erzeugen, daß lediglich eine Seitenfläche der Kokille - beispielsweise die Seitenfläche 1a in Fig. 1 - mit einem Magnetfelderzeuger ausgestattet ist.
Der in Rede stehende Verbundkörper weist also zwei Abschnitte auf, nämlich den Bereich 13a und den Restbereich, der lediglich aus dem Grundwerkstoff der beim Elektroschlackeumschmelzen aufgeschmolzenen Elektrode besteht.The composite body 13 shown in FIG. 3, which can be produced by the method, already has its end contour and can be worked into a wear unit, for example, without further processing.
The composite body can be produced in the manner in which you use FIG. 1 has been explained, ie by using a mold 1 with a correspondingly shaped cross section, the highly wear-resistant region 13a can be produced in that only one side surface of the mold - for example the side surface 1a in FIG. 1 - is equipped with a magnetic field generator.
The composite body in question thus has two sections, namely the area 13a and the remaining area, which consists only of the base material of the electrode melted during the electroslag remelting.

Fig. 4 zeigt einen zylinder- oder walzenförmigen Verbundkörper 14, der sich anhand des Verfahrens gemäß Fig. 2 herstellen läßt. Der zylinderförmige Randabschnitt des Verbundkörpers wird von dem mit Hartstoffteilchen angereicherten Bereich 12 (vergl. dazu Fig. 2) gebildet; der Kernabschnitt 12a des Verbundkörpers besteht lediglich aus dem von der Elektrode gelieferten Grundwerkstoff.FIG. 4 shows a cylindrical or roller-shaped composite body 14 which can be produced using the method according to FIG. 2. The cylindrical edge section of the composite body is formed by the area 12 enriched with hard material particles (cf. FIG. 2); the core section 12a of the composite body consists only of the base material supplied by the electrode.

Das Herstellverfahren kann bei entsprechender Ausbildung der Kokille 1 (vergl. dazu insbesondere Fig. 1), unter Verwendung geeignet angeordneter Magnetfelderzeuger, auch in der Weise ausgeführt werden, daß der durch Elektroschlackeumschmelzen erzeugte Verbundkörper die Gestalt der in Fig. 5 dargestellten Platte 15 aufweist und mit zwei hochverschleißbeständigen Bereichen 15a bzw. 15b ausgestattet ist, die in Längsrichtung der Platte verlaufend deren Ober- bzw. Unterseite begrenzen. Der Mittelbereich 15c der Platte kann, bei entsprechender Auswahl des Grundwerkstoffs, als welche Zwischenlage ausgebildet sein; diese gestattet es, den plattenförmigen Verbundkörper 15 durch eine Warmverformung in seine Endform zu überführen.The manufacturing process can also be carried out with the appropriate design of the mold 1 (cf. in particular Fig. 1) using suitably arranged magnetic field generators in such a way that the composite body produced by electro-slag remelting has the shape of the plate 15 shown in FIG. 5 and is equipped with two highly wear-resistant areas 15a and 15b which, in the longitudinal direction of the plate, limit the top and bottom thereof. The central region 15c of the plate can, at appropriate selection of the base material, as which intermediate layer to be formed; this allows the plate-shaped composite body 15 to be converted into its final shape by hot deformation.

Der mit der Erfindung erzielte Vorteil besteht insbesondere darin, daß sich durch Elektroschlackeumschmelzen unter Einwirkung zumindest eines Magnetfeldes Verbundkörper mit zumindest einem hochverschleißbeständigen Bereich herstellen lassen, der parallel zur Erstarrungsachse des Elektroschlackeumschmelz-Blocks verläuft. Durch geeignete Gestaltung des Querschnitts der Kokille kann erforderlichenfalls sichergestellt werden, daß der hergestellte Verbundkörper endkonturnah ausgebildet ist, also keiner Nachbearbeitung bzw. Nachbehandlung mehr bedarf.
Die Erzeugung zumindest eines geeigneten Magnetfeldes gestattet es nicht nur, die Einlagerung der Hartstoffteilchen in den Grundwerkstoff zu optimieren; vielmehr kann dadurch der Querschnitt und Verlauf des mit Hartstoffteilchen angereicherten Bereichs in weitem Umfang variiert werden.The advantage achieved by the invention is, in particular, that composite slag can be produced by electroslag remelting under the action of at least one magnetic field with at least one highly wear-resistant area which runs parallel to the solidification axis of the electroslag remelting block. If necessary, a suitable design of the cross section of the mold can ensure that the composite body produced is designed close to the final contour, that is to say that it no longer requires any finishing or finishing.
The generation of at least one suitable magnetic field not only makes it possible to optimize the incorporation of the hard material particles in the base material; rather, the cross section and course of the area enriched with hard material particles can thereby be varied to a large extent.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer, hochverschleißbeständige Bereiche aufweisende Verbundkörper, die aus zumindest zwei unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen mit mindestens einer daraus gebildeten Mischzone bestehen, unter Anwendung des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens, wobei in den Block, der sich währenddessen durch Aufschmelzen einer Elektrode in einer Kokille aufbaut, kontinuierlich von oben durch die Schlackeschicht hindurch zugeführte Hartstoffteilchen zum Anlösen an den aus dem Elektrodenwerkstoff gebildeten Grundwerkstoff des Blocks eingelagert werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens zumindest auf einem Teil des Kokillenumfangs ein nach innen gerichtetes Magnetfeld erzeugt wird, durch welches eine Einlagerung der Hartstoffteilchen in zumindest einem Randabschnitt und über die Höhe in Kokillenlängsrichtung des sich aufbauenden Blocks hervorgerufen wird.1. A process for the production of metallic, highly wear-resistant areas having composite bodies, which consist of at least two different materials with at least one mixing zone formed therefrom, using the electroslag remelting, whereby in the block, which is built up by melting an electrode in a mold, continuously from Hard material particles supplied above through the slag layer are stored for dissolving on the base material of the block formed from the electrode material, characterized in that during the electro-slag remelting, an inward-directed magnetic field is generated at least on part of the mold circumference, by means of which an incorporation of the hard material particles in at least an edge section and over the height in the longitudinal direction of the mold of the building block. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Magnetfeld während des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens in Anpassung an die Aufbaugeschwindigkeit des Blocks mitbewegt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic field is moved during the electroslag remelting in adaptation to the build-up speed of the block. 3. Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Magnetfeld während des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens hinsichtlich seiner Stärke verändert wird.3. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the Magnetic field is changed in strength during the electroslag remelting. 4. Verfahren nach zumindest einem den Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Elektroschlackeumschmelzen in einer Kokille mit endkonturnah ausgebildetem Querschnitt durchgeführt wird.4. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electroslag remelting is carried out in a mold with a cross-section close to the final contour. 5. Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Elektroschlackeumschmelzen in einer Kokille mit einem geometrisch einfachen Querschnitt ausgeführt und der Verbundkörper durch eine sich anschließende Warmverformung in seine Endform überführt wird.5. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electroslag remelting is carried out in a mold with a geometrically simple cross-section and the composite body is converted into its final shape by a subsequent hot deformation. 6. Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zugabe der Hartstoffteilchen in Anpassung an die Umschmelzgeschwindigkeit beim Elektroschlackeumschmelzen derart erfolgt, daß die Masse der eingelagerten Hartstoffteilchen zwischen 20 % und 95 % der Masse des umgeschmolzenen Grundwerkstoffs ausmacht.6. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the addition of the hard material particles takes place in adaptation to the remelting speed during electroslag remelting such that the mass of the incorporated hard material particles makes up between 20% and 95% of the mass of the remelted base material. 7. Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die während des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens zugeführten Hartstoffteilchen eine Korngröße zwischen 0,5 mm und 10 mm aufweisen.7. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the hard material particles supplied during the electroslag remelting have a grain size between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.
EP19900103614 1989-03-04 1990-02-24 Process for producing a metallic composite body having a region of high wear resistance Withdrawn EP0386556A3 (en)

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GB2287038A (en) * 1993-09-30 1995-09-06 Automotive Products Plc Metal matrix composites
WO1999044773A1 (en) * 1998-03-06 1999-09-10 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Method and device for casting a molten mass, and the cast parts produced according to said method

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