EP0385728B1 - Ölzusammensetzungen, die ein C14-Carboxylatpolymer und einen Viskositätsindexverbesserer enthalten - Google Patents

Ölzusammensetzungen, die ein C14-Carboxylatpolymer und einen Viskositätsindexverbesserer enthalten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0385728B1
EP0385728B1 EP90302083A EP90302083A EP0385728B1 EP 0385728 B1 EP0385728 B1 EP 0385728B1 EP 90302083 A EP90302083 A EP 90302083A EP 90302083 A EP90302083 A EP 90302083A EP 0385728 B1 EP0385728 B1 EP 0385728B1
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Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
oil composition
oil
viscosity index
interpolymer
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP90302083A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0385728A3 (de
EP0385728A2 (de
Inventor
Albert Rossi
Celio Rosental
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ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
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Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
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Publication of EP0385728A3 publication Critical patent/EP0385728A3/de
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    • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
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    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
    • C10M2225/041—Hydrocarbon polymers
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    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/09—Complexes with metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/251—Alcohol fueled engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to additives for improving the flow properties and viscometric properties of certain oleaginous compositions and to oleaginous compositions containing said additives. More particularly, the present invention relates to additives for improving the low temperature flow properties and viscometric properties such as viscosity index of lubricating oil compositions and to lubricating oil compositions containing said additives. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to improved lubricating oil compositions including such additives and exhibiting improved low temperature flow properties and viscometric properties. The present invention also relates to methods for improving the flow properties and viscometric properties of oleaginous composition, particularly engine crankcase lubricant compositions.
  • a wide variety of compounds for use as lubricating oil or fuel oil additives are known in this art. These include compounds variously referred to as pour point depressants, viscosity index improving compositions, wax crystal modifiers, and the like.
  • Cashman et al. U.S. Patent No. 2,825,717, discloses the preparation of certain lubricating oil additives by the copolymerization of polycarboxylic acid esters with other polymerizable monomeric materials, including vinyl compounds such as vinyl acetate.
  • the preferred unsaturated polycarboxylic acid esters therein are fumaric acid esters produced from C1 through C18 aliphatic alcohols.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,618,602 discloses pour point depressing and/or viscosity index improving materials obtained by polymerizing certain specified alkyl fumarate esters.
  • this patentee discloses the use of polymerized fumarate esters of C12 to C14 alcohols for such purposes.
  • This patent specifically discloses that the C12 alcohol was more effective than the C14 alcohol, although both polymerized esters exhibited pour point depressing properties.
  • Rossi et al. U.S. Patent No. 4,089,589, discloses the use of specified mixtures of lubricating oil pour point depressants which include polyesters consisting of a polymeric ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and a monohydric alcohol containing from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and/or interpolymers of a vinyl alcohol ester of a C2 to C18 alkanoic acid (e.g., vinyl acetate) and a di(C6-C18 alkyl) fumarate as one of the components thereof for improving the viscosity index of high wax content lubricating oils which also include viscosity index improving ethylene copolymers. Also, Wyman, U.S. Patent No.
  • 3,250,715 discloses terpolymers of dialkyl fumarates, vinyl esters, and alkyl vinyl ethers for improving the pour point of lubricating oils, and most particularly in which the dialkyl fumarates are prepared for various C10 through C18 alcohols including tetradecyl alcohol alone as well as alcohol mixtures averaging from 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • 2,023,645 discloses, for use in treating distillate fuel oils, various three-component systems which include as a first component flow improvers having an ethylene backbone, such as various ethylene polymers including ethylene polymerized with various mono- or diesters (e.g., vinyl acetate; and C13 fumarates), as a second component a lube oil pour depressant such as various oil soluble esters and/or higher olefin polymers (e.g., dialkyl fumarate, vinyl acetate copolymers), and as a third component various polar oil-soluble compounds (e.g., phenates, sulfonates, phosphates, and carboxylates).
  • a first component flow improvers having an ethylene backbone such as various ethylene polymers including ethylene polymerized with various mono- or diesters (e.g., vinyl acetate; and C13 fumarates)
  • a lube oil pour depressant such as various oil soluble esters
  • a dual component flow improver additive composition for oleaginous compositions which comprises (i) low molecular weight polymers and interpolymers (e . g., copolymers) of unsaturated mono- or dicarboxy esters having the formula in which R' is either hydrogen or a COOR radical, and R is a C14 alkyl group; and (ii) low molecular weight lubricating oil flow improver (LOFI) comprising non-ethylene containing polymers which are soluble or dispersable in these lubricating oils, preferably interpolymers of dialkyl fumarates and vinyl esters in which the fumarates are esterified with mixtures of C6 through C20 alcohols.
  • LOFI low molecular weight lubricating oil flow improver
  • oil-soluble hydrocarbon polymeric materials such as ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, e. g., ethylene-propylene copolymers, are known to be useful as viscosity index improvers for oleaginous compositions such as lubricating oils.
  • an oleaginous composition particularly a lubricating oil composition, exhibiting improved low temperature flow properties and viscometric properties which comprises lubricating oil and (i) from 0.19 to 1.5 wt % of a first additive or component which is a lubricating oil flow improver (LOFI) comprising low molecular weight, i.e.
  • LOFI lubricating oil flow improver
  • M n number average molecular weight (M n ) of not greater than 40,000, polymers and interpolymers (e.g., copolymers) of unsaturated mono- or dicarboxy esters having the formula: in which R' is either hydrogen or a COOR radical, and R is a C14 alkyl group; and (ii) from 0.01 to 10 wt % of a second additive or component which is an oil soluble hydrocarbon polymeric viscosity index improver, preferably an ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer.
  • a second additive or component which is an oil soluble hydrocarbon polymeric viscosity index improver, preferably an ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer.
  • the first additive i.e., lubricating oil flow improver
  • the first additive comprises a low molecular weight ( M n ) interpolymer of at least one of the carboxy ester monomers of formula (I) above interpolymerized with a variety of different comonomers such as a polymerizable vinyl ester monomeric compound having the formula: in which R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from about 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 carbon atom.
  • the preferred ester monomer of formula (II) is vinyl acetate.
  • the second additive i.e., the viscosity index improver, comprises an oil soluble hydrocarbon polymer, preferably an ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, and more preferably an ethylene-propylene copolymer.
  • the oleaginous compositions of the present invention comprise (i) oleaginous material, preferably lubricating oil, generally in a major amount; (ii) first additive comprised of polymers or interpolymers of unsaturated carboxy esters; and (iii) second additive comprised of a hydrocarbon polymeric viscosity index improver.
  • the first additive of the present invention is a lubricating oil flow improver and is comprised of a polymer or interpolymer represented by the formula in which R' is either hydrogen or the COOR radical, and in which R is a C14 alkyl group.
  • R' is either hydrogen or the COOR radical
  • R is a C14 alkyl group.
  • the production of these ester and diester polymers includes an esterification reaction between unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids or their corresponding anhydrides, as well as the polymerization of the esterified monomers and C14 alcohols, and is well known in the art, as specifically disclosed beginning at column 2, line 35 of Cashman et al., U.S. Patent No. 2,825,717.
  • alkyl group represented by R may be straight chain or slightly branched, the straight chain alkyl group is preferred.
  • the first additive or component may be a homopolymer, e.g., a homopolymer derived from monomers of formula I, or an interpolymer as defined hereinafter.
  • the first additive or component preferably includes the interpolymers of the diester monomers of formula (I), wherein R' is COOR, with certain specified polymerizable monomeric compounds, namely vinyl esters, alpha-olefins, or styrenes such as styrene itself.
  • One of these copolymerizable compounds is a monomer of formula in which R1 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 carbon atom, preferably vinyl acetate, which is interpolymerized with the diester of formula I in a reaction which is carried out in the presence of free radical initiators, such as peroxide catalyst.
  • the first component is characterized by a low molecular weight, i.e., a number average molecular weight ( M n ) of not greater than about 40,000, and typically ranging from 1,500 to 40,000, and preferably from 2,500 to 15,000.
  • M n number average molecular weight
  • such molecular weights of the first component lubricating oil flow improvers of the present invention are more conveniently expressed by the specific viscosity exhibited by such polymers. Accordingly, such specific viscosities will typically range from 0.11 to 2.2, preferably from 0.2 to to 0.9, and most preferably from 0.2 to 0.7.
  • Specific Viscosity K-vis of Solution K-vis of Solvent - 1
  • K-vis of Solution is the kinematic viscosity at 40°C (104°F) of a 2.0 mass/volume percent solution of the polymer (a.i. basis) in mixed xylenes (solvent) available commercially, using Ubbelohde-type viscometers with a viscometer constant of about 0.003 mm2/s (cSt),second; and the "K-vis of Solvent” is the corresponding kinematic viscosity of the solvent alone at the same temperature. All specific viscosities reported herein are determined by the above method.
  • the mole ratio employed for the polymerization of such monomers can typically vary from 1.3:1 to 0.5:1, preferably from 1.2:1 to 0.5:1, and most preferably from 1.2:1 to 1:1.
  • dicarboxylic acid or anhydride monomer which is preferred will depend on the identity of its comonomer.
  • the preferred dicarboxylic acid is fumaric acid.
  • esterify the dicarboxylic acid or anhydride monomer first and then interpolymerize, or to first interpolymerize the free acid or anhydride monomer and then esterify depends on the particular identity of the dicarboxylic monomer and its comonomer.
  • esterification is conducted with a C14 alcohol, which alcohol can be slightly branched or straight chain, preferably straight chains, and most preferably straight chain alkyl.
  • the alcohol used for esterification is selected from the C14 aliphatic alcohols.
  • Primary alcohols are preferred over secondary and tertiary alcohols, and straight and lightly branched chain alcohols are preferred over highly branched alcohols.
  • the dicarboxylic monomer of formula I can be interpolymerized with a variety of different comonomers.
  • the first of these comonomers, as indicated hereinafore, is a vinyl ester represented by formula II, with the preferred ester monomer of formula II being vinyl acetate.
  • the preferred interpolymer of this class of lubricating oil flow improvers is C14 dialkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • the interpolymers can be prepared by conventional free radical polymerization techniques, starting with a mixture of all of the constituent monomers which is essentially free of polymer. Thus the polymers are random interpolymers and are not graft or block interpolymers. Conventional free radical polymerization catalysts, such as azobis-(isobutyronitrile), tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and benzoyl peroxide, can be used. Such polymerization techniques can be conducted neat in the absence of solvent or in bulk.
  • Polymerization of the ester monomers is preferably carried out in an inert hydrocarbon solvent, such as hexane or heptane, or low viscosity lubricating oils. Polymerization is carried out in an oxygen-free reactor. The desired atmosphere can be maintained by carrying out the polymerization in a nitrogen atmosphere as is known in the art. Temperatures of 65 to 150°C, depending on the choice of initiator, can be used. Polymerization is carried out at either atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure and on either a batch or a continuous basis. Polymerization can be stopped when the described degree of polymerization is reached by known techniques, such as adding inhibitors to the reaction mixture, or can be allowed to go to completion.
  • an inert hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane or heptane, or low viscosity lubricating oils.
  • Polymerization is carried out in an oxygen-free reactor. The desired atmosphere can be maintained by carrying out the polymerization in a nitrogen atmosphere as is known in the art. Temperatur
  • the second type of comonomer employed for interpolymerization with the unsaturated dicarboxyl monomer is an alpha-olefin.
  • Straight chain alpha-olefins are preferred over branched chain alpha-olefins.
  • branching it is preferred that it occur at the beta-carbon, and that such branching contain not more than about 5, and preferably not more than about 2, carbons.
  • Suitable alpha-olefins typically contain between about 6 and 46, e.g., between about 10 and 22, and preferably about 18 carbon atoms per molecule. Mixtures of olefins may be used, e.g., a C10-C24 mixture.
  • Representative olefins include 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-heneicosene, 1-docosene, 1-tricontene, 1-tetracontene, 2-methyloctadecene, 2-ethyleicosene, and mixtures thereof.
  • the mole ratio of alpha-olefin to unsaturated dicarboxyl monomer employed in the reaction mixture will typically range from 1.2:1 to 0.8:1, preferably from 1.1:1 to 0.9:1, and most preferably about 1:1.
  • the third preferred comonomer for interpolymerization with the unsaturated dicarboxy monomer is a styrene compound such as styrene.
  • the molar ratio of styrene to unsaturated dicarboxy-containing monomer can typically vary from 3:1 to 1:1, preferably from 2:1, to 1:1, and most preferably from 1.5:1 to 1:1.
  • miscellaneous interpolymerizable comonomers can be included in the reaction mixture.
  • minor amount is typically meant less than about 1, preferably less than about 0.3 mole of miscellaneous monomers per mole of carboxy containing monomer.
  • vis-a-vis miscellaneous monomers apply with respect to use of the alpha-olefins as a comonomer for interpolymerization with the dicarboxy monomer.
  • the polymerization reaction for use of either the styrene or alpha-olefin comonomers with the dicarboxy monomer is typically conducted to produce an unesterified interpolymer having a number average molecular weight of less than about 25,000, preferably less than about 15,000, as determined by membrane osmometry. Upon esterification, such molecular weights will be as described generally above as well as the corresponding specific viscosities.
  • the resulting interpolymer is then esterified with the C14 alcohol of the type described above with respect to esterification of the dicarboxy monomer.
  • the esterification reaction can be accomplished simply by heating the dicarboxy-containing polymer and the C14 alcohol under conditions typical for effecting esterification.
  • Such conditions usually include, for example, a temperature of at least about 80°C, preferably from 100°C to 150°C, provided that the temperature be below the decomposition point of the reaction mixture, and the water of esterification is removed as the reaction proceeds.
  • Such conditions may optionally include the use of an excess of the alcohol reactant so as to facilitate esterification, the use of a solvent or diluent such as mineral oil, toluene, benzene, xylene or the like, and the use of an esterification catalyst such as toluene sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, or the like.
  • the first additive or component compositions of this invention are oil-soluble, dissolvable in oil with the aid of a suitable solvent, or are stably dispersible materials.
  • Oil-soluble, dissolvable, or stably dispersible does not necessarily indicate that the materials are soluble, dissolvable, miscible, or capable of being suspended in oil in all proportions. It does mean, however, that the first additive composition, for instance, is soluble or stably dispersible in oil to an extent sufficient to exert its intended effect in the environment in which the oil is employed.
  • the additional incorporation of other additives may also permit incorporation of higher levels of a particular first additive composition hereof, if desired.
  • the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention contain an amount of said first additive or component composition which is effective to improve the flow properties, particularly low temperature flow properties, of the lubricating oil composition, i.e., a lubricating oil flow improving effective amount.
  • this effective amount may vary somewhat depending on the particular type of oil.
  • any effective amount of the first additive composition can be incorporated into the final, e.g., fully formulated, lubricating oil composition, it is contemplated that such effective amount be sufficient to provide said lube oil composition with an amount of the first additive composition of from 0.19 to 1.5, preferably from 0.19 to 1.0, and more preferably from 0.19 to 0.5 wt. percent, based on the weight of said lubricating composition.
  • the second additive or component of the instant invention is a viscosity index improver or modifier comprised of a hydrocarbon polymer.
  • V.I. improver additives contemplated to be compounded into the lubricating oil in accordance with this invention are generally high molecular weight hydrocarbon polymers.
  • the V.I. improvers may also be derivatized to include other properties or functions, such as the addition of dispersancy properties.
  • oils soluble V.I. polymers will generally have number average molecular weights of from 20,000 to 1,000,000, preferably from 40,000 to 300,000, as determined by gel permeation chromatography or membrane osmometry.
  • suitable hydrocarbon polymers include homopolymers and interpolymers of two or more monomers of C2 to C30, e.g., C2 to C8 olefins, preferably ethylene and C3 to C30 olefins, including both alpha-olefins and internal olefins, particularly preferred being the copolymers of ethylene and propylene.
  • Other polymers can be used such as polyisobutylenes, homopolymers and interpolymers of C6 and higher alpha-olefins, atactic polypropylene, hydrogenated polymers and copolymers and terpolymers of styrene, e.g., with isoprene and/or butadiene.
  • hydrocarbon polymers suitable as viscosity index improvers in the present invention include those which may be described as hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated homopolymers, and random, tapered, star or block interpolymers (including terpolymers, tetrapolymers, etc.) of conjugated dienes and/or monovinyl aromatic compounds with, optionally, alpha-olefins or lower alkenes, e.g., C3 to C18 alpha-olefins or lower alkenes.
  • the conjugated dienes include isoprene, butadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, piperylene and/or mixtures thereof, such as isoprene and butadiene.
  • the monovinyl aromatic compounds include any of the following, or mixtures thereof, vinyl di- or polyaromatic compounds, e.g., vinyl naphthalene, but are preferably monovinyl monoaromatic compounds, such as styrene or alkylated styrenes substituted at the alpha-carbon atoms of the styrene, such as alpha-methylstyrene, or at ring carbons, such as o-, m-, p-methylstyrene, ethylstyrene, propylstyrene, isopropyl-styrene, butylstyrene, isobutylstyrene, tert-butylstyrene (e.g., p-tert-butylstyrene).
  • vinyl di- or polyaromatic compounds e.g., vinyl naphthalene
  • monovinyl monoaromatic compounds
  • Alpha-olefins and lower alkenes optionally included in these random, tapered and block copolymers preferably include ethylene, propylene, butene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, isobutylene, and polymers and copolymers thereof.
  • these random, tapered and block copolymers may include relatively small amounts, that is less than about 5 moles, of other copolymerizable monomers such as vinyl pyridines, vinyl lactams, methacrylates, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate, and the like.
  • Typical block copolymers include polystyrene-polyisoprene, polystyrene-polybutadiene, polystyrene-polyethylene, polystyrene-ethylene propylene copolymer, polyvinyl cyclohexane-hydrogenated polyisoprene, and polyvinyl cyclohexane-hydrogenated polybutadiene.
  • Tapered polymers include those of the foregoing monomers prepared by methods known in the art.
  • Star-shaped polymers typically comprise a nucleus and polymeric arms linked to said nucleus, the arms being comprised of homopolymer or interpolymer of said conjugated diene and/or monovinyl aromatic monomers. Typically, at least about 80% of the aliphatic unsaturation and about 20% of the aromatic unsaturation of the star-shaped polymer is reduced by hydrogenation.
  • the polymer may be degraded in molecular weight, for example by mastication, extrusion, oxidation or thermal degradation, and it may be oxidized and contain oxygen.
  • derivatized polymers such as post-grafted interpolymers of ethylene-propylene with an active monomer such as maleic anhydride which may be further reacted with an alcohol, or amine, e.g., an alkylene polyamine or hydroxy amine, e.g., see U.S. Patent Nos. 4,089,794; 4,160,739; 4,137,185; or copolymers of ethylene and propylene reacted or grafted with nitrogen compounds such as shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,068,056; 4,068,058; 4,146,489; and 4,149,984.
  • Suitable hydrocarbon polymers are ethylene interpolymers containing from 15 to 90 wt. % ethylene, preferably 30 to 80 wt. % of ethylene and 10 to 85 wt. %, preferably 20 to 70 wt. % of one or more C3 to C8, alpha-olefins. While not essential, such interpolymers preferably have a degree of crystallinity of less than 10 wt. %, as determined by X-ray and differential scanning calorimetry. Copolymers of ethylene and propylene are most preferred.
  • alpha-olefins suitable in place of propylene to form the copolymer, or to be used in combination with ethylene and propylene, to form a terpolymer, tetrapolymer, etc. include 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, etc.; also branched chain alpha-olefins, such as 4-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-hexene, 5-methylpentene-1, 4,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, and 6-methyl-heptene-1, etc., and mixtures thereof.
  • Terpolymers, tetrapolymers, etc., of ethylene, said C3 ⁇ 8 alpha-olefin, and a non-conjugated diolefin or mixtures of such diolefins may also be used.
  • the amount of the non-conjugated diolefin generally ranges from about 0.5 to 20 mole percent, preferably from about 1 to about 7 mole percent, based on the total amount of ethylene and alpha-olefin present.
  • the second additive or component compositions of this invention are oil-soluble, dissolvable in oil with the aid of a suitable solvent, or are stably dispersible materials.
  • Oil-soluble, dissolvable, or stably dispersible does not necessarily indicate that the materials are soluble, dissolvable, miscible, or capable of being suspended in oil in all proportions. It does mean, however, that the second additive composition, for instance, is soluble or stably dispersible in oil to an extent sufficient to exert its intended effect in the environment in which the oil is employed.
  • the additional incorporation of other additives may also permit incorporation of higher levels of a particular first additive composition hereof, if desired.
  • the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention contain an amount of said second additive or component composition which is effective to improve the viscometric properties, particularly viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a viscosity index improving effective amount.
  • this effective amount may vary somewhat depending upon the particular type of oil.
  • any effective amount of the second additive composition can be incorporated into the final, e.g., fully formulated, lubricating oil composition, it is contemplated that such effective amount be sufficient to provide said lube oil composition with an amount of the second additive composition of from 0.01 to 10, preferably from 0.05 to 5, and more preferably from 0.1 to 2.5 (most preferably to 3.0) wt. percent, based on the weight of said lubricating composition.
  • the additive compositions of the present invention can be incorporated into the lubricating oil in any convenient way. Thus, they can be added directly to the oil by dispersing, or dissolving the same in the oil at the desired level of concentration. Such blending can occur at elevated temperatures.
  • the additive compositions may be blended with a base oil to form a concentrate, and the concentrate then blended with lubricating oil base stock to obtain the final composition.
  • Such concentrates will typically contain the first additive composition in amounts of from 0.5 to 6, preferably from 0.5 to 5 percent by weight, based on the concentrate weight, and the second additive composition in amounts of from 0.5 to 20, preferably from 0.5 to 12 percent by weight, based on the concentrate weight.
  • the amounts of the additive compositions of this invention present in the fully formulated oil compositions or concentrates are on an active ingredient basis (a.i.).
  • the lubricating oil base stock for the additive compositions of the present invention typically is adapted to perform a selected function by the incorporation of other additives therein to form lubricating oil compositions designated as formulations.
  • Representative other additives typically present in such formulations include corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, friction modifiers, dispersants, anti-foaming agents, anti-wear agents, detergents, rust inhibitors.
  • Corrosion inhibitors also known as anti-corrosive agents, reduce the degradation of the metallic parts contacted by the lubricating oil composition.
  • corrosion inhibitors are phosphosulfurized hydrocarbons and the products obtained by reaction of a phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon with an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide, preferably in the presence of an alkylated phenol or of an alkylphenol thioester, and also preferably in the presence of carbon dioxide.
  • Phosphosulfurized hydrocarbons are prepared by reacting a suitable hydrocarbon such as a terpene, a heavy petroleum fraction of a C2 to C6 olefin polymer such as polyisobutylene, with from 5 to 30 wt.
  • Oxidation inhibitors reduce the tendency of mineral oils to deteriorate in service which deterioration can be evidenced by the products of oxidation such as sludge and varnish-like deposits on the metal surfaces, and by viscosity growth.
  • oxidation inhibitors include alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl phenolthioesters having preferably C5 to C12 alkyl side chains, e.g., calcium nonylphenol sulfide, barium t-octylphenyl sulfide, dioctylphenylamine, phenylalpha-naphthylamine, phosphosulfurized or sulfurized hydrocarbons.
  • Friction modifiers serve to impart the proper friction characteristics to lubricating oil compositions such as automatic transmission fluids.
  • Dispersants maintain oil insolubles, resulting from oxidation during use, in suspension in the fluid thus preventing sludge flocculation and precipitation or deposition on metal parts.
  • Suitable dispersants include high molecular weight alkyl succinates, the reaction product of oil-soluble polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with ethylene amines such as tetraethylene pentamine and borated salts thereof.
  • Foam control can be provided by an antifoamant of the polysiloxane type, e.g., silicone oil and polydimethyl siloxane.
  • an antifoamant of the polysiloxane type e.g., silicone oil and polydimethyl siloxane.
  • Anti-wear agents reduce wear of metal parts.
  • Representatives of conventional anti-wear agents are zinc dialkyldithiophosphate and zinc diaryldithiosphate.
  • Detergents and metal rust inhibitors include the metal salts of sulphonic acids, alkyl phenols, sulfurized alkyl phenols, alkyl salicylates, naphthenates and other oil soluble mono- and di-carboxylic acids.
  • Highly basic (viz, overbased) metal salts such as highly basic alkaline earth metal sulfonates (especially Ca and Mg salts) are frequently used as detergents. Representative examples of such materials, and their methods of preparation, are found in EP-A-208560, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • compositions when containing these conventional additives are typically blended into the base oil in amounts which are effective to provide their normal attendant function.
  • Representative effective amounts of such additives are illustrated as follows:
  • additive concentrates comprising concentrated solutions or dispersions of the dual additive composition (in concentrate amounts hereinabove described), together with one or more of said other additives (said concentrate when constituting an additive mixture being referred to herein as an additive-package) whereby several additives can be added simultaneously to the base oil to form the lubricating oil composition. Dissolution of the additive concentrate into the lubricating oil may be facilitated by solvents and by mixing accompanied with mild heating, but this is not essential.
  • the concentrate or additive-package will typically be formulated to contain the first and second additive compositions of the instant invention and optional additional additives in proper amounts to provide the desired concentration in the final formulation when the additive-package is combined with a predetermined amount of base lubricant.
  • the additive composition of the present invention can be added to small amounts of base oil or other compatible solvents along with other desirable additives to form additive-packages containing active ingredients in collective amounts of typically from 2.5 to 90%, and preferably from 5 to 75%, and most preferably from about 8 to about 50% by weight additives in the appropriate proportions with the remainder being base oil.
  • the final formulations may employ typically about 10 wt. % of the additive-package with the remainder being base oil.
  • weight and volume percents expressed herein are based on active ingredient (a.i.) content of the additive, and/or upon the total weight of any additive-package, or formulation which will be the sum of the a.i. weight of each additive plus the weight of total oil or diluent.
  • oleaginous compositions nor the additive concentrates of the instant invention contain, i.e., are free of, the second component lubricating oil flow improvers described in EP-A-296714.
  • These second component lubricating oil flow improvers are comprised of:
  • a fully formulated 15W-40 lubricating base oil (designated Base Oil A) was prepared containing mineral oil base stock oil (i.e., a mixture of 150N and 750N); no lubricating oil flow improver (LOFI); a conventional detergent/inhibitor package containing ashless dispersant, anti-oxidant, anti-wear additive, and overbased sulfonate; and 0.85 wt. % (a.i.) of a V.I. improver comprised of ethylene-propylene copolymer having a Thickening Efficiency of about 2.0, a ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight greater than 2, and an ethylene content of about 48 wt. %.
  • Comparative Example 1 was repeated except that the base oil contained 0.19 wt. % (a.i.) of lubricating oil flow improver composition falling outside the scope of the instant invention - LOFI B (di-C10 alkyl fumarate-vinyl acetate copolymer wherein the fumarate was derived from a C10 alkanol and the fumarate: vinyl acetate mole ratio employed in the synthesis of said LOFI B composition was 1:0.8).
  • LOFI B di-C10 alkyl fumarate-vinyl acetate copolymer wherein the fumarate was derived from a C10 alkanol and the fumarate: vinyl acetate mole ratio employed in the synthesis of said LOFI B composition was 1:0.8.
  • LOFI B di-C10 alkyl fumarate-vinyl acetate copolymer wherein the fumarate was derived from a C10 alkanol and the fumarate: vinyl acetate mole ratio
  • Comparative Example 2 was repeated except that the lubricating oil flow improver, LOFI B, of Comparative Example 2 was replaced with 0.19 wt. % (a.i.) of another lubricating oil flow improver falling outside the scope of the instant invention - LOFI C (di-C12 alkyl fumaratevinyl acetate copolymer wherein the fumarate: vinyl acetate mole ratio employed in the synthesis of LOFI C composition was 1:0.8).
  • the types and amounts of other additives were the same as in Comparative Example 2.
  • Comparative Example 2 was repeated except that the lubricating oil flow improver, LOFI B, of Comparative Example 2 was replaced with 0.19 wt. % (a.i.) of another lubricating oil flow improver falling outside the scope of the instant invention - LOFI D (di-C16 alkyl fumaratevinyl acetate copolymer wherein the fumarate: vinyl acetate mole ratio employed in the synthesis of said LOFI D composition was 1:0.8).
  • LOFI D di-C16 alkyl fumaratevinyl acetate copolymer wherein the fumarate: vinyl acetate mole ratio employed in the synthesis of said LOFI D composition was 1:0.8.
  • the types and amounts of other additives were the same as in Comparative Example 2.
  • Comparative Example 2 was repeated except that the lubricating oil flow improver, LOFI B, of Comparative Example 2 was replaced with 0.19 wt. % (a.i.) of another lubricating oil flow improver falling outside the scope of the instant invention - LOFI E (di-C18 alkyl fumaratevinyl acetate copolymer wherein the fumarate: vinyl acetate mole ratio employed in the synthesis of said LOFI E composition was 1:0.8).
  • LOFI E di-C18 alkyl fumaratevinyl acetate copolymer wherein the fumarate: vinyl acetate mole ratio employed in the synthesis of said LOFI E composition was 1:0.8.
  • the types and amounts of other additives were the same as in Comparative Example 2.
  • a fully formulated 15W-40 lubricating base oil (designated Base Oil A) was prepared containing mineral oil base stock oil (i.e., a mixture of 150N and 750N); about 0.19 wt. % (a.i.) of first additive composition of the instant invention - LOFI A (di-C14 alkyl fumarate - vinyl acetate copolymer wherein the di-alky fumarate was derived from C14 alcohol and wherein the fumarate: vinyl acetate mole ratio employed in the synthesis of said first additive composition was 1:0.8); about 0.85 wt. % (a.i.) of the second additive composition comprised of V.I.
  • mineral oil base stock oil i.e., a mixture of 150N and 750N
  • LOFI A di-C14 alkyl fumarate - vinyl acetate copolymer wherein the di-alky fumarate was derived from C14 alcohol and wherein the fumarate: vinyl acetate mole ratio employed in
  • ethylene-propylene copolymer having a Thickening Efficiency of about 2.0, a ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight greater than 2, and an ethylene content of about 48 wt. %; and a conventional detergent/inhibitor package containing ashless dispersant, anti-oxidant, anti-wear additive, and overbased sulfonate.
  • T.E. Thickening Efficiency
  • a polyisobutylene sold as an oil solution by Exxon Chemical Co. as Paratone N
  • Staudinger Molecular Weight 20,000
  • a solvent-extracted neutral mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity of 150 SUS at 37.8°C, a viscosity index of 105 and an ASTM pour point of -17.8°C (0°F) (Solvent 150 Neutral) to a viscosity of 12.4 mm2/s (centistokes) at 98.9°C, to the weight percent of a test copolymer required to thicken the same oil to the same viscosity at the same temperature.
  • T.E. is related to M n and is a convenient, useful measurement for formulation of lubricating oils of various grades.
  • Example 6 was repeated, except that a different 15W-40 mineral oil base stock was employed.
  • the base oil, fully formulated in accordance with Example 6, was designated Base oil B and contained the same types and amounts of additives as Base Oil A of Example 6.
  • Example 6 was repeated except that a different 15W-40 mineral oil base stock was employed.
  • the base oil, fully formulated in accordance with Example 6, was designated Base Oil C and contained the same types and amounts of additives as Base Oil A of Example 6.
  • Example 6 was repeated except that a different 15W-40 mineral oil base stock was employed.
  • the base oil, fully formulated in accordance with Example 6, was designated Base Oil D, and contained the same types and amounts of additives as Base Oil A of Example 6.
  • Example 6 was repeated, except that a different 15W-40 mineral oil base stock was employed.
  • the base oil, fully formulated in accordance with Example 6, was designated Base Oil E and contained the same types and amounts of additives as Base Oil A of Example 6.
  • Example 6 was repeated, except that a different 15W-40 mineral oil base stock was employed.
  • the base oil, fully formulated in accordance with Example 6, was designated Base Oil F and contained the same types and amounts of additives as Base Oil A of Example 6.
  • Example 6 was repeated, except that a different 15W-40 mineral oil base stock was employed.
  • the base oil, fully formulated in accordance with Example 6, was designated Base Oil G and contained the same types and amounts of additives as Base Oil A of Example 6.
  • the target values of less than 35 pascals (YS) and not greater than 300 pascal seconds (VIS) are considered acceptable in order to provide a pumpable composition at -20°C, i.e., to maintain fluidity.
  • YS 35 pascals
  • VIS 300 pascal seconds
  • a sample is considered to "fail” if either the YS is greater than 35 pascals or the viscosity is greater than 300 pascal seconds.
  • the combination of the first and second additive compositions of the present invention provide lube oil formulations (Examples 6-12) which meet, with the exception of the composition of Example 9, the target for SAE 15W-40 oil with a variety of different base oils.
  • different types of oils may generally require different amounts of first and/or second additives of the instant invention, i.e., lubricating oil flow improvers and viscosity index improvers or modifiers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Claims (12)

  1. Schmierölzusammensetzung mit einem Gehalt an Schmieröl, einem Schmierölfließverbesserer und einem Kohlenwasserstoffpolymer als Viskositätsindexverbesserer und enthaltend
    (i) als Schmierölfließverbesserer 0,19 bis 1,5 Gew.% eines Additivs bestehend im wesentlichen aus mindestens einem Polymer oder Interpolymer von ungesättigtem Carboxyester entsprechend der Formel
    Figure imgb0015
     worin R' ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Wasserstoff und COOR, und R eine C₁₄-Alkylgruppe ist, wobei das Polymer oder Interpolymer ein zahlenmäßiges durchschnittliches Molekulargewicht von nicht mehr als 40 000 hat; und
    (ii) als Viskositätsindexverbesserer 0,01 bis 10 Gew.% des Kohlenwasserstoffpolymers.
  2. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, in welcher (i) ein Homopolymer von Carboxyester der Formel (I) ist, worin R' COOR ist.
  3. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, in welcher (i) ein Interpolymer von Carboxyester der Formel (I) und mindestens einem Comonomer ist, das ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Vinylestern, α-Olefinen, und Styrolen.
  4. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 3, in welcher (i) ein Interpolymer von Carboxyester der Formel (I) und Vinylester entsprechend der Formel
    Figure imgb0016
     ist, worin R¹ eine Alkylgruppe umfaßt, die 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist.
  5. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, in welcher der Vinylester Vinylacetat umfaßt.
  6. Schmierölzusammensetzung einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, in welcher das viskositätsindexverbessernde Kohlenwasserstoffpolymer (ii) oder der kohlenwasserstoffpolymere Viskositätsindexverbesserer (ii) ein zahlenmäßiges durchschnittliches Molekulargewicht von 20 000 bis 1 000 000 hat.
  7. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, in welcher das viskositätsindexverbessernde Kohlenwasserstoffpolymer (ii) eine Verbindung ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend von Polymeren und Interpolymeren von C₂ bis C₃₀ Olefinen umfaßt.
  8. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 7, in welcher (ii) ein Interpolymer von Ethylen und Propylen umfaßt.
  9. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 8, in welcher das Ethylenpropyleninterpolymer außerdem Dien enthält.
  10. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 9, in welcher das Dien 5-Ethyliden-2-norbornen ist.
  11. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 6, in welcher der Viskositätsindexverbesserer (ii) eine Verbindung ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus hydrierten und teilweise hydrierten Homopolymeren und Interpolymeren von konjugierten Dienen und/oder monovinylaromatischen Verbindungen umfaßt.
  12. Konzentrat zum Vermischen mit einem Schmierölbasismaterial zur Herstellung einer Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei in dem Konzentrat (i) in einer Menge von 0,5 bis 6 Gew.% desselben anwesend ist; und (ii) in einer Menge von 0,5 bis 20 Gew.% desselben anwesend ist.
EP90302083A 1989-02-28 1990-02-27 Ölzusammensetzungen, die ein C14-Carboxylatpolymer und einen Viskositätsindexverbesserer enthalten Expired - Lifetime EP0385728B1 (de)

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GB9122351D0 (en) * 1991-10-22 1991-12-04 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Oil and fuel oil compositions
US5217636A (en) * 1992-03-10 1993-06-08 Albright & Wilson Americas Inc. Lubricating oil viscosity index improver composition
GB9301752D0 (en) * 1993-01-29 1993-03-17 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Oil and fuel oil compositions
US5939365A (en) * 1996-12-20 1999-08-17 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubricant with a higher molecular weight copolymer lube oil flow improver
CA2333571A1 (en) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-09 Infineum Usa L.P. Wax crystal modifiers formed from dialkyl phenyl fumarate
US6583247B1 (en) * 1999-03-16 2003-06-24 Infineum International Ltd. Process for producing free radical polymerized copolymers
US20150203784A1 (en) * 2012-08-20 2015-07-23 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating Composition Including Esterified Copolymer And Diene Rubber Polymer

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US2618602A (en) * 1949-12-17 1952-11-18 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating composition of low pour point
US2666746A (en) * 1952-08-11 1954-01-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating oil composition
NL170019C (nl) * 1970-06-02 Exxon Research Engineering Co Werkwijze ter bereiding van een smeeroliemengsel.
GB1378771A (en) * 1971-03-05 1974-12-27 Shell Int Research Oil compositions
CA1070664A (en) * 1974-09-16 1980-01-29 Marvin F. Smith (Jr.) Viscosity index additives for lubricating oils
DE2603034C3 (de) * 1976-01-28 1982-04-15 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Mineralschmierölgemische
US4073737A (en) * 1976-04-19 1978-02-14 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Hydrogenated copolymers of conjugated dienes and when desired a vinyl aromatic monomer are useful as oil additives
US4088589A (en) * 1976-05-20 1978-05-09 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Dual pour depressant combination for viscosity index improved waxy multigrade lubricants
US4839074A (en) * 1987-05-22 1989-06-13 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Specified C14 -carboxylate/vinyl ester polymer-containing compositions for lubricating oil flow improvement

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DE69003562T2 (de) 1994-02-03
CA2008938A1 (en) 1990-08-31
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EP0385728A3 (de) 1991-01-16
JPH0328298A (ja) 1991-02-06
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EP0385728A2 (de) 1990-09-05
CA2008938C (en) 1998-12-22

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