EP0384374B1 - Münzensortierer - Google Patents
Münzensortierer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0384374B1 EP0384374B1 EP90103193A EP90103193A EP0384374B1 EP 0384374 B1 EP0384374 B1 EP 0384374B1 EP 90103193 A EP90103193 A EP 90103193A EP 90103193 A EP90103193 A EP 90103193A EP 0384374 B1 EP0384374 B1 EP 0384374B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- converter
- voltage
- sensors
- coin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007620 mathematical function Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008542 thermal sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
- G07D5/08—Testing the magnetic or electric properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
- G07D5/02—Testing the dimensions, e.g. thickness, diameter; Testing the deformation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coin selection device, and more precisely to a selection device of the frequency-deviation kind, in which the coins to be selected cross the alternating magnetic field of a plurality of probes or sensors arranged in succession along the path of said coins, each sensor including a high-frequency oscillator with at least one induction coil wound on a corresponding magnetic core which has polar expansions arranged facing the coin path, and in which the passage of the coin in front of the expansion of the core causes a frequency deviation which depends on the characteristic parameters of said coin and constitutes the measured datum on which the criterion for accepting or rejecting said coin is based.
- the parameters suitable for the identification of a coin are constituted by its thickness, its diameter and by the nature of its material, and three sensors, respectively sensitive to said parameters and arranged in succession along the path of the coin, are used to detect them (US-A-4749074).
- each sensor to the passage of the coins is represented, in terms of frequency and amplitude, by a bell-shaped curve with a maximum value located at a frequency "f” or respectively at an amplitude "V" which is characteristic of each series of coins, and the acceptance criterion is based on the fact that the coin being examined must be within a preset neighborhood of said maximum value defined by corresponding minimum and maximum threshold values such that fmi ⁇ f ⁇ fma or respectively Vmi ⁇ V ⁇ Vma, where fmi, fma and Vmi, Vma are the corresponding minimum and maximum threshold values expressed in terms of frequency or amplitude, respectively.
- the geometric parameters of thickness and diameter are detected directly in terms of frequency, while a response in terms of amplitude is preferably detected for the nature of the material, in order to increase detection sensitivity; the datum thus detected is converted to a frequency by means of an A/F (amplitude/frequency) converter.
- the operating frequency of the oscillators is variable for each sensor and is in the range of 1 MHz; the frequency signals are digitized and processed by successive logic circuits in order to actuate the selector.
- the values of the minimum and maximum acceptance threshold are influenced by several parameters, and they mainly depend on the mechanical structure of the selector and on its operating temperature, which as is known considerably affects the behavior of electronic components with long- and middle-term thermal drifts.
- the influence of the mechanical parameters on the spacing of the thresholds and therefore on the selectivity of the selector may be kept within narrow and constant limits by a corresponding uniformity in the quality of manufacture, on one hand, and by adjusting each selector after production by means of direct measurements performed with specimen coins, on the other hand.
- the influence of the operating temperature as regards the widening of the acceptance range is decisive, to the detriment of selectivity, if the operating temperature can vary within substantial limits, for example comprised between -30 and +50°C, as typically occurs in selectors intended to be fitted to public telephones installed outdoors or in any case in non-conditioned locations.
- a differential measurement between the frequency (or amplitude) at rest and the one determined by, and measured at, the passage of the coins has so far been used to reduce the effect of temperature on selectivity.
- the minimum and maximum acceptance thresholds are therefore currently set at the response frequencies actually measured for the maximum and minimum limits of the operating temperature, and this entails a considerable widening of the acceptance range, with a consequent considerable reduction in the selectivity of the device for the intermediate temperature values comprised between the two extremes.
- the essential aim of the present invention is to eliminate this severe disadvantage by providing an improved selector, of the kind comprising frequency-deviation sensors as specified, the selectivity whereof is substantially independent from the excursion of the operating temperature, in that said temperature does not affect the setting of the acceptance thresholds, so that said setting depends substantially or predominantly on the mechanical parameters alone of the selector, which can be optimized in any way, and on the unavoidable variations of the characteristic values within the range of each kind of coin for which the selector is preset.
- Another important object of the present invention is to provide a selector as specified, wherein the substantial selectivity independence from the operating temperature is obtained with structurally simple means which do not require sophisticated and selected components and are therefore economical and practically free from maintenance and/or periodic checks and adjustments.
- Another important object of the present invention is to provide a coin selector as specified, the selectivity whereof is also independent from the variations of the power supply voltage, and the power consumption whereof is comprised within very narrow limits, so as to be particularly suitable for use in the field of public telephones using sets enabled by tokens and/or coins.
- the reference numeral 10 indicates the guiding channel for the coins M, which are inserted in an opening 11 of the channel which by virtue of known electromechanical routing means (not illustrated) feeds the coins to a cash-registering section or alternately to a return slot, depending on whether the coin is accepted or rejected by the selection device.
- Said device substantially comprises an impact sensor S which, when struck by the coins, emits a signal for energizing the various circuits of the selector through a square wave shaper 101, and three sensors or probes A-B-C coupled to the guiding channel 10 and arranged in succession along the path of the coin with an appropriate mutual spacing which is in any case not lower than the diameter of the largest-size coin to be processed in the selector.
- each of the sensors A and B comprises a pair of cylindrical magnetic cores ma-mb which are arranged mutually facing on the opposite walls of the channel and are provided with corresponding portions wa-wb of respective induction coils.
- the sensor C normally comprises a single magnetic core mc, preferably in the shape of an ellipsoid, on which a corresponding induction coil wc is wound.
- the coils wa-wb-wc are fed by respective oscillators 12, 13 and 14 tuned to frequencies "fo" which differ for each sensor but are all comprised between 0.5 and 1 MHz; the rest frequency "fo" of each oscillator is chosen according to known criteria in relation to the value measured by the respective sensor.
- the response at the output of the various oscillators is represented, in terms of frequency and/or amplitude, by a bell-shaped curve the maximum value whereof is located at a frequency "f" which is in theory characteristic or typical for each parameter and for each series of coins.
- the coin acceptance or rejection criterion is based on the fact that each tested coin is comprised within a preset neighborhood of the value of the typical frequency "f", for example a neighborhood comprised between +/-5% f, and this check is performed by a microprocessor ⁇ P which is a part of a logic processing, control and power supply circuit generally indicated by 20 in figure 1.
- the microprocessor is programmed to analyze the useful signal of each sensor in order to find the absolute maximum value thereof and to compare said maximum value to corresponding minimum and maximum threshold values in order to give an acceptance or rejection response which correspondingly activates said mechanical routing means.
- an amplitude/frequency converter 15 is interposed between the output of the oscillator 13 and the microprocessor; said converter comprises an RMS/DC transducer, indicated by 15a, which converts the effective value of the output signal of the oscillator into a corresponding direct voltage value, and a V/f converter, indicated by 15b, adapted to produce an AC signal the frequency whereof is proportional to the input direct voltage produced by the transducer 15a.
- the circuit 20 comprises, besides the microprocessor ⁇ P, a memory MM, for example of the EPROM type, an OR-type circuit 21 for enabling and maintaining activation, a stabilized power supply source 23 and an electronic activation control switch 22 receiving an activation signal cc and a switch off signal cs and generating at least one reset signal cr for the impact sensor S.
- the minimum and maximum threshold values to which the microprocessor compares the datum arriving from the respective sensors are not fixed but may vary depending on the operating temperature according to respective values which may be set in tables and stored in the memory MM of the circuit 20 or expressed by corresponding algorithms, according to preset mathematical functions, also stored in the form of computing routines.
- a voltage source 17 is used, which is selectively insertable at the input of the converter 15 by means of a switch 16 which is activated by the control circuit 20.
- the source 17, which is also temperature-stabilized, is adapted to produce a voltage V which, when converted into a frequency f′r by the converter 15, constitutes a reference datum from which a differential value, dependent on the operating temperature, can be obtained.
- the reference frequency f'r is generated by the converter 15, which is powered by the source 17, at a given temperature, for example 25°C, in thermally stable conditions, and the datum f' (25°C) constitutes said reference value f'r which, after having been possibly acquired automatically, is stored in the memories MM of the circuit 20.
- the microprocessor ⁇ P transitorily connects the output of the source 17 to the input of the converter 15 through the switch 16 upon each passage of a coin, before or after reading the signal of the material sensor 13.
- a so-called operating frequency f't is thus generated by said converter 15; said frequency differs from the stored reference frequency f'r by an amount which depends on the influence of environmental temperature on the components of the circuit blocks which constitute the converter 15 considered as a whole.
- the microprocessor ⁇ P computes the difference f't - f'r in order to obtain, upon each passage of a coin, a differential datum ⁇ ft which depends on the effect of the temperature.
- care is to be taken to ensure that the thermal sensitivity of the circuit blocks of the converter 15 is greater than, or equal to, that of the remaining circuit components, so that the obtained differential datum ⁇ ft has a restrictive nature with respect to all the components of the device.
- Said differential datum which can be substantially converted to a temperature measurement, is used by the microprocessor ⁇ P to determine, upon each readout of the sensors, triggered by the passage of a coin, corresponding correct maximum and minimum acceptance thresholds for the signals arriving from all of said sensors.
- the correct threshold values for the readout of each sensor are advantageously stored in the form of corresponding tables TA-TB-TC (figure 2) in which a minimum and a maximum threshold, pre-calculated exclusively according to the mechanical parameters of the selector (the influence whereof is determined during adjustment) and of the statistical variance of the parameters of the coin for each kind of coin, correspond to each differential datum ⁇ ft.
- the increment step of the differential data is chosen in relation to the intended selectivity, for example every 5°C, if the corresponding frequency variation of the converter 15 is significant for such a temperature variation.
- Figure 2 illustrates in flowchart form the operating sequence of the microprocessor for setting the acceptance thresholds related to a generic measurement: - before or after the passage of a generic coin, the microprocessor receives a "start" command and consequently controls the switch 16 to connect the input of the converter 15 to the source 17.
- the datum f't corresponding to the operating frequency is read.
- the read datum f't is compared to the reference frequency f'r stored in the memory MM, the differential datum ⁇ ft is calculated, and the address for the tables TA-TB-TC, also stored in the ROM, is obtained.
- the corresponding value of the respectively minimum and maximum correct thresholds H-K is read at the outputs Ua-Ub-Uc.
- the microprocessor ⁇ P executes the routine for finding the maximum values of the signals arriving from the sensors A-B-C, for identifying the frequencies related to said maximum values and for comparing them with the acceptance range defined by said correct thresholds to emit an acceptance or rejection signal in the form of an identification code (for example six bits long) for the tested coin which correspondingly activates the electromechanical routing means associated with the channel 10.
- an identification code for example six bits long
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Coins (AREA)
Claims (10)
- Münzensortierer der Art, die drei auf die geometrischen Parameter der zu testenden Münzen (M) und ihr Material ansprechende Frequenzabweichungssensoren (A, B, C), Schaltkreismittel (20) zur logischen Bearbeitung der von den Sensoren festgestellten Daten und zwischen dem Materialsensor (B) und den logischen Verarbeitungsmitteln (20) eingeschaltete Spannungs-/Frequenzkonvertermittel (15) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er eine dem Eingang in den Spannungs-/Frequenzkonverter (15) zugeordnete temperatur-stabilisierte Bezugsspannungsquelle (17) und einen Schalter (16) aufweist, um selektiv den Eingang des Konverters mit dem Ausgang der Spannungsquelle (17) oder dem Ausgang des Materialsensors (B) auf einen Befehl durch die logischen Verarbeitungsschaltungsmittel aufweist; und daß eine Betriebsfrequenz (f't) festgestellt wird, wenn eine Münze (M) durch zeitweiliges Aktivieren des Schalters (16) getestet wird, wobei die Betriebsfrequenz (f't) der Spannung der Quelle (17) entspricht und durch Vergleich mit einer abgespeicherten Bezugsfrequenz (f'r), die über den Konverter (15) durch die Spannung der Quelle (17) bei einer voreingestellten Temperatur erzeugt wird, einen von der Wirkung der Temperatur abhängigen Differentialwert (Δft) liefert, wobei der festgestellte Differenzwert von den logischen Verarbeitungsmitteln (20) dazu verwendet wird, die entsprechenden korrekten minimalen und maximalen Akzeptanz-Schwellwerte für die von allen Sensoren gelangenden Signale zu bestimmen.
- Sortierer nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Frequenzabweichungssensoren (A, B, C) in Reihenfolge an dem Weg (10) der zu testenden Münzen (M) angeordnet sind und jeweils einen magnetischen Kern (ma, mb, mc) enthalten, auf den eine jeweilige Induktionsspule (wa, wb, wc) gewickelt ist, die von einem entsprechenden Oszillator (12 - 14) mit Leistung versorgt wird, der im Ruhezustand eine Oszillationsfrequenz zwischen 0,5 und 1 MHz aufweist.
- Sortierer nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Signale der beiden auf die geometrischen Parameter ansprechenden Sensoren (A, C) der Dicke der Münzen (M) bzw. ihren Durchmesser proportional sind, wobei diese Signale direkt in Frequenzausdrücken verwendet werden und der Ausgang dieser beiden Sensoren mit den logischen Verarbeitungsmitteln unter Zwischenschaltung entsprechender Rechteckwellen formender Schaltungen (120, 140) und eines digitalen Zählers (100) verbunden sind.
- Sortierer nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Signal des Sensors (B), der auf das Material der Münzen anspricht, in Ausdrücken der Amplitude festgestellt und von dem Konverter (15) in eine Frequenz umgewandelt wird, wobei der Konverter eine erste Stufe (15a) zum Umwandeln des Signals in eine der Amplitude des Signals proportionale Gleichspannung und eine zweite Stufe (15b) zum Umwandeln der Gleichspannung in ein Wechselsignal aufweist, dessen Frequenz proportional zu der Gleichspannung ist.
- Sortierer nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die über dem Konverter (15) von der Spannung der Bezugsquelle erzeugte abgespeicherte Bezugsfrequenz für einen Temperaturwert festgestellt wird, der dem Durchschnitt der Extremwerte der Betriebstemperaturen im wesentlichen gleich ist und vorzugsweise gleich 25 °C ist.
- Sortierer nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Schaltkreismittel (20) zum logischen Bearbeiten der Signale der Sensoren einen Mikroprozessor (µP) enthalten, der im wesentlichen so programmiert ist, daß er den absoluten Maximalwert des Sensorausgangssignals feststellt, daß er vorübergehend die Bezugsspannungsquelle (17) mit dem Spannungs-/ Frequenzkonverter (15) verbindet, daß er die an dem Ausgang des von der Spannungsquelle mit Leistung versorgten Konverters gelesene Betriebsfrequenz (f't) und die abgespeicherte Bezugsfrequenz (f'r) zum Erhalten des jeweiligen Differenzwertes (Δft) vergleicht, daß er die korrekten minimalen und maximalen Schwellenwerte für die Akzeptanz der von allen Sensoren (A, B, C) ankommenden Signale entsprechend dem Differenzwert einstellt, daß er die ausgelesenen Werte der Sensoren mit dem von den korrekten Schwellenwerten definierten Akzeptanzbereich vergleicht und entsprechend ein Signal für das Akzeptieren oder Zurückweisen der getesteten Münze ausgibt.
- Sortierer nach Anspruch 6, bei dem die Werte der korrekten minimalen und maximalen Schwellenwerte in Tabellen entsprechend dem Differenzwert gesetzt werden und bei dem drei Tafeln vorgesehen sind, die in dem ROM der logischen Verarbeitungsschaltungsmittel (20) abgespeichert sind, wobei jede Tabelle jedem Messungssensor entspricht.
- Sortierer nach Anspruch 7, bei dem das Ansteigen in dem Differenzwert, in den Tabellen eingesetzt, für eine signifikante Frequenzveränderung des Spannungs-/Frequenzkonverters gewählt wird, wenn die Temperatur sich ändert, insbesondere für Frequenzveränderungen entsprechend Temperaturveränderungen zwischen 5 und 10 °C.
- Sortierer nach Anspruch 6, bei dem die Werte der maximalen und minimalen korrekten Schwellenwerte von dem Mikroprozessor (µP) mit Hilfe eines Berechnungsalgorithmus erhalten werden.
- Sortierer nach Anspruch 1 und einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 9, bei dem die Schaltungsmittel (20) für jede Messung von einem Auswirkungssensor (S) aktiviert werden, der auf den Durchgang jeder Münze (M) anspricht, wobei Mittel (22) vorgesehen sind, um die Schaltungsmittel am Ende jeder Messung zurückzusetzen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT8967121A IT1232018B (it) | 1989-02-23 | 1989-02-23 | Selezionatore di monete perfezionato |
IT6712189 | 1989-02-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0384374A1 EP0384374A1 (de) | 1990-08-29 |
EP0384374B1 true EP0384374B1 (de) | 1993-10-20 |
Family
ID=11299765
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90103193A Expired - Lifetime EP0384374B1 (de) | 1989-02-23 | 1990-02-20 | Münzensortierer |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0384374B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69003968D1 (de) |
IT (1) | IT1232018B (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994009452A1 (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-04-28 | Tetrel Limited | Coin validators |
JP3877118B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-09 | 2007-02-07 | 株式会社日本コンラックス | コイン検査方法および装置 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2547761A1 (de) * | 1975-10-24 | 1977-04-28 | Pruemm Geb Heuser Margot | Elektronischer muenzpruefer |
US4460003A (en) * | 1981-08-21 | 1984-07-17 | Mars, Inc. | Coin presence sensing apparatus |
EP0308997B1 (de) * | 1983-11-04 | 1993-09-22 | Mars Incorporated | Münzprüfer |
US4749074A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1988-06-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Coin sorting apparatus with reference value correction system |
-
1989
- 1989-02-23 IT IT8967121A patent/IT1232018B/it active
-
1990
- 1990-02-20 EP EP90103193A patent/EP0384374B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-20 DE DE90103193T patent/DE69003968D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT8967121A0 (it) | 1989-02-23 |
IT1232018B (it) | 1992-01-23 |
EP0384374A1 (de) | 1990-08-29 |
DE69003968D1 (de) | 1993-11-25 |
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