EP0383749A2 - Apparatus for the surveillance of the surface gaps in rail joints, for example dilatation joints - Google Patents

Apparatus for the surveillance of the surface gaps in rail joints, for example dilatation joints Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0383749A2
EP0383749A2 EP90890035A EP90890035A EP0383749A2 EP 0383749 A2 EP0383749 A2 EP 0383749A2 EP 90890035 A EP90890035 A EP 90890035A EP 90890035 A EP90890035 A EP 90890035A EP 0383749 A2 EP0383749 A2 EP 0383749A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
rails
measuring
sensors
distance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90890035A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0383749A3 (en
EP0383749B1 (en
Inventor
Albert Porkristl
Johann Steinberger
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Voestalpine Turnout Technology Zeltweg GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine VAE GmbH
Voest Alpine Zeltweg GmbH
Voestalpine Weichensysteme GmbH
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Publication of EP0383749A2 publication Critical patent/EP0383749A2/en
Publication of EP0383749A3 publication Critical patent/EP0383749A3/en
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Publication of EP0383749B1 publication Critical patent/EP0383749B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
    • E01B35/12—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes for measuring movement of the track or of the components thereof under rolling loads, e.g. depression of sleepers, increase of gauge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2203/00—Devices for working the railway-superstructure
    • E01B2203/16—Guiding or measuring means, e.g. for alignment, canting, stepwise propagation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for monitoring the distance between the end faces of rails, for example in the event of dilatation impacts or supporting structures, in which the rails are subjected to multiple axes.
  • Rails and tracks are usually laid on a substructure, for example on sleepers. In the course of the routing, it is sometimes necessary to provide dilatation surges in order to be able to accommodate displacements of rails in their longitudinal direction without deformation of the rails transverse to their longitudinal direction. With such rail joints, the rails are only subjected to a sliding movement in their longitudinal direction with a correspondingly stable substructure, so that the exact spacing of the rails from one another in the area of dilation joints is readily possible.
  • Tracks which are arranged on substructures, which are loaded with multiple axes, cannot be easily monitored with conventional measuring devices.
  • deviations may also occur transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rails, which should be detected in a suitable manner. Irrespective of the detection of further deviations, however, such additional movements of the substructure significantly reduce the measuring accuracy.
  • the distance is to be recorded analogously with inductive proximity sensors, pivoting of the rails would result in the measuring surface being inclined relative to the sensor, which leads to incorrect displays and does not allow precise statements to be made.
  • Precise recording is especially important for bridges and more or less floating floors the exact length of the dilatation joint, irrespective of any additional deviations that may be recorded, is essential in order to be able to correctly monitor the safety of the passability of the tracks.
  • the invention now aims to provide a device of the type mentioned, in which substructures can be used for the laying of the rails, which are themselves multi-axis stressed and can therefore cause additional relative displacements of the rails without the measuring accuracy for the Distance in the dilation joint suffers.
  • the inventive design of the device of the type mentioned essentially consists in that the rail (s) is (are) connected to at least one plate extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail or a damping element that the axis (s) of the (the) measuring sensor (s) is (are) normally oriented on the plate (s) and that the rail (s) near the attachment points for the plate (s) is slidably supported and secured against pivoting from the direction of movement to be measured ).
  • one of the two rails of the rail joint can readily be rigid and fixed on a largely immovable substructure, whereas the second rail can be displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the rail in the event of signs of dilatation.
  • the movable rail as proposed according to the invention, is now connected to a plate extending transversely to its longitudinal direction, an additional lateral displacement of the substructure or of the supporting structure can lead to a bending of the rail, which in itself does not yet definitely mean operational safety would endanger, but would significantly affect the measured values of a measuring sensor, in particular an inductive measuring sensor.
  • the sensors must be provided at a lateral distance from the rail and the size must be correspondingly large lateral extension of the plates extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rails, which interact with these sensors to determine the correct distance. Due to the relatively large lever arm, pivoting the rails would result in these plates being pivoted significantly out of their normal position required for the correct measurement, so that exact measured values can no longer be achieved.
  • the axis (s) of the measuring sensor or sensors is (are) normally oriented on the plate, and in order to ensure this normal orientation of the axes of the measuring sensor or sensors, the rail is clamped according to the invention in such a way that which releases the direction of movement to be measured, but certainly prevents movements transverse to this direction of movement in order to prevent the plates connected to the rails from sloping.
  • a corresponding slide bearing is provided near the fastening points for the plates or the damping elements, which is intended to reliably prevent unauthorized pivoting.
  • the design is such that the support is formed by rollers supported on the rail transversely to the direction of movement to be measured, such a roller bearing advantageously being formed by a plurality of rollers which are combined with a common carrier, so that a sufficiently large support length is guaranteed, which prevents the rail from pivoting in the area of the measuring sensors with certainty.
  • the design is such that the rollers are supported against a measuring console on which the measuring sensor (s) is / are arranged in a stationary manner, the rollers with a common support between the corresponding abutment surfaces on the rail and console can be inserted and the rolling path of the rollers in the longitudinal direction of the rails can be limited by appropriate stops.
  • the path over which the rollers can move freely in the longitudinal direction of the rails must be should be chosen sufficiently large so that the dilation, which takes place in the direction of the direction of movement to be measured, is not impeded and actually enables exact statements to be made.
  • inductive analog proximity sensors are preferably used in the device according to the invention.
  • Such inductive proximity sensors must be shielded and wired accordingly to keep them free from the effects of stray fields, especially when using electric locomotives. This usually results in a more or less large distance from the rails, which in turn means that the damping element, which interacts with the sensors, must be dimensioned correspondingly larger.
  • Such measuring sensors generally have a precisely defined measuring range over which the measuring characteristic behaves linearly. Such measurements are therefore preferably used in their linear characteristic range, and in the case of large possible shifts in the measurement direction, it is not readily possible to correctly detect the entire shift with such a measurement sensor.
  • the arrangement is therefore advantageously made within the scope of the device according to the invention such that two measuring sensors are arranged coaxially at a distance from one another which is greater than the length of the linear characteristic range of the measuring sensors, and that two mutually parallel plates are arranged at a distance from one another between the measuring sensors are.
  • two measuring sensors at a distance from one another which is greater than the length of the linear characteristic range, a correspondingly larger displacement path can be exactly detected by two sensors, each working in their linear characteristic range.
  • the measure of arranging the two sensors at a distance from one another can be used to select this distance so large that the two sensors do not influence one another, so that stray fields from one sensor do not measure the other sensor affect.
  • two mutually parallel plates are arranged at a distance from one another between the measuring sensors, this distance of the two plates from one another being so large that it is actually ensured that the two measuring sensors do not influence one another in any way.
  • the training is advantageously carried out in such a way that separate sensors are provided for relative displacements of the supporting structure and any displacements of the rails transverse to the measuring direction of movement. In this way it is ensured that the measured values for the orientation of the rails and the spacing of the rails required for safe operation are actually recorded independently of the movements of the supporting structure linked to these relative movements via complex relationships.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a device for monitoring dilatation devices, in addition to a device for monitoring the distance between the end faces of rails, relative displacements of a supporting structure can also be monitored
  • FIG. 2 shows the device according to the invention for monitoring the distance in an enlarged view the end faces of rails according to Fig.1.
  • FIG. 1 shows two rails 1 and 2, the end faces 3 and 4 of which are spaced apart in the region of a dilation joint.
  • the rails are mounted on a supporting structure, which is multi-axis stressed and should be used to correctly determine the The distance between the end faces 3 and 4 of the rails 1 and 2 can only be movable in their longitudinal direction, as will be shown in more detail in FIG.
  • the rail 1 is rigidly clamped and the movable rail 2 is connected to a measuring console 5 with plates or damping elements 6 extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail.
  • Measuring transducers 7 cooperate with the plates or the damping elements 6, the axes 8 of which are normally oriented on the surface of the plates 6.
  • the correct values are obtained by combining the measured values obtained from the two sensors 7 Distance between the end faces 3 and 4 determined. Since the maximum distance of the end faces 3 and 4 to be measured from one another generally extends over a region of a transducer or measuring sensor 7 that can be detected or at least has a linear characteristic curve, the parallel plates or damping elements 6 are arranged at a distance from one another between the measuring sensors 7, the two measuring sensors 7 are arranged at a distance from one another which is greater than the length of the linear characteristic range of the individual measuring sensors 7.
  • the measured values obtained from the sensors 7 are fed to a central control and evaluation unit 11 which, in addition to a warning device 12, interacts with a printer 13, a data display device 14 and further peripheral units schematically indicated with 15.
  • the deflection of the rails is monitored in a region of the rails which is remote from the end faces.
  • a measuring plate 16 is arranged on a rail, which cooperates with a further sensor 17, a corresponding signal from the sensor 17 being fed to the central evaluation unit 11 when the rail is displaced in the direction of the double arrow 18.
  • 19 connecting rods are indicated between the rails designated 20.
  • the support of a rail transverse to its longitudinal direction is particularly important when measuring the distance between the end faces of two adjacent rails if the rails are stressed in multiple axes by their support on a supporting structure.
  • a monitoring of the relative displacements of a supporting structure is also shown schematically in FIG. 1, four supporting elements 21 which are spaced apart being indicated.
  • One of the supporting structures is connected to a measuring console 22, which, according to the number of displacements or directions of movement to be measured, has damping elements 23 which cooperate with a plurality of sensors 24, the axes of the individual sensors 24 in turn being arranged normally on the damping elements .
  • the relative position of the individual structural elements 21 can be determined by combining the data obtained from the individual sensors 24.
  • the measured values obtained from the mutual spacing or the deflection of the rails are linked, a complete picture can be obtained of the orientation of the rails and the stress on them.
  • FIG. 2 To measure the Distance between the end faces 3 and 4 of two rails 1 and 2 is in turn connected to a measuring console 5 with the rail 2 and has plates or damping elements 6 which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail in which the distance is to be measured. Measuring transducers or measuring sensors 7 are in turn arranged with their axes 8 normally on the plates 6. To prevent the rail 2 from pivoting transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail, rollers 10 are again provided which cooperate with the rail web of the rail 2. The rail 1 should in turn be rigidly clamped.
  • rollers 10 of the slide bearing of the rail 2 are fixed on a further measuring console 26, on which the sensors 7 are also arranged in a fixed manner in a manner not shown, the console 26 in a manner not shown on which a rigid bearing surface for the rail 1 forming substructure.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Lifting Devices For Agricultural Implements (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

In an apparatus for monitoring the gap between the end faces (3, 4) of rails (1, 2), for example in expansion joints or supporting frameworks, in which the rails (1, 2) are stressed multi-axially, one rail (2) is connected to at least one plate, or to a damping element (6), which extends transversely with respect to the rail longitudinal direction, the axes (8) of measuring sensors (7) being oriented normal to the plates (6) and the rail (2) being supported in a sliding manner in the vicinity of the fixing point for the plates (6) and secured against swivelling out of the direction of movement to be measured. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einrichtung zum Über­wachen des Abstandes der Stirnflächen von Schienen, bei­spielsweise bei Dilatationsstößen oder Tragwerken, bei welchen die Schienen mehrachsig beansprucht sind.The invention relates to a device for monitoring the distance between the end faces of rails, for example in the event of dilatation impacts or supporting structures, in which the rails are subjected to multiple axes.

Schienen und Geleise werden üblicherweise auf einem Unterbau, beispielsweise auf Schwellen verlegt. Im Zuge der Strecken­führung ist es mitunter erforderlich, Dilatationsstöße vorzu­sehen, um Verschiebungen von Schienen in ihrer Längsrichtung ohne Deformation der Schienen quer zu ihrer Längsrichtung aufnehmen zu können. Bei derartigen Schienenstößen sind bei entsprechend stabilem Unterbau die Schienen lediglich einer Verschiebebewegung in ihrer Längsrichtung unterworfen, so daß die Messung exakter Abstände der Schienen voneinander im Bereich von Dilatationsstößen ohne weiteres möglich ist.Rails and tracks are usually laid on a substructure, for example on sleepers. In the course of the routing, it is sometimes necessary to provide dilatation surges in order to be able to accommodate displacements of rails in their longitudinal direction without deformation of the rails transverse to their longitudinal direction. With such rail joints, the rails are only subjected to a sliding movement in their longitudinal direction with a correspondingly stable substructure, so that the exact spacing of the rails from one another in the area of dilation joints is readily possible.

Geleise, welche auf Unterkonstruktionen angeordnet sind, welche mehrachsig beansprucht sind, können mit konventio­nellen Meßeinrichtungen nicht ohne weiteres überwacht werden. Insbesondere bei auf Brücken verlegten Geleisen oder bei Geleisen, welche in Geschoßdeckenkonstruktionen festgelegt sind, kommt zu den möglichen Verschiebungen der Schienen in Schienenlängsrichtung hinzu, daß auch quer zur Schienenlängs­richtung Abweichungen auftreten können, welche in geeigneter Weise erfaßt werden müßten. Unabhängig von der Erfassung weiterer Abweichungen mindern aber derartige zusätzliche Bewegungen der Unterkonstruktion die Meßgenauigkeit empfind­lich. Insbesondere wenn mit induktiven Näherungssensoren der Abstand analog erfaßt werden soll, hätte eine Verschwenkung von Schienen eine Schrägstellung der Meßfläche zum Sensor zur Folge, welche zu Fehlanzeigen führt und genaue Aussagen nicht ermöglicht. Gerade bei Brücken und mehr oder minder schwim­mend gelagerten Geschoßdecken ist aber die exakte Erfassung der genauen Länge des Dilatationsstoßes unabhängig von gegebenenfalls zusätzlich erfaßten Abweichungen von wesent­licher Bedeutung, um die Sicherheit der Befahrbarkeit der Geleise korrekt überwachen zu können.Tracks, which are arranged on substructures, which are loaded with multiple axes, cannot be easily monitored with conventional measuring devices. In particular in the case of tracks laid on bridges or tracks which are defined in floor-to-ceiling constructions, in addition to the possible displacements of the rails in the longitudinal direction of the rails, deviations may also occur transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rails, which should be detected in a suitable manner. Irrespective of the detection of further deviations, however, such additional movements of the substructure significantly reduce the measuring accuracy. In particular, if the distance is to be recorded analogously with inductive proximity sensors, pivoting of the rails would result in the measuring surface being inclined relative to the sensor, which leads to incorrect displays and does not allow precise statements to be made. Precise recording is especially important for bridges and more or less floating floors the exact length of the dilatation joint, irrespective of any additional deviations that may be recorded, is essential in order to be able to correctly monitor the safety of the passability of the tracks.

Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, eine Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei welcher Unterkon­struktionen für die Verlegung der Schienen zum Einsatz gelangen können, welche selbst mehrachsig beansprucht sind und daher zusätzliche Relativverschiebungen der Schienen bewirken können, ohne daß hiebei die Meßgenauigkeit für den Abstand im Dilatationsstoß leidet. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung der Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art im wesentlichen darin, daß die Schiene(n) mit wenigstens einer sich quer zur Schienenlängs­richtung erstreckenden Platte bzw. einem Bedämpfungselement verbunden ist (sind), daß die Achse(n) des (der) Meßsensors (-sensoren) normal auf die Platte(n) orientiert ist (sind) und daß die Schiene(n) nahe den Befestigungsstellen für die Platte(n) gleitend und gegen Verschwenkung aus der zu messen­den Bewegungsrichtung gesichert abgestützt ist (sind). Bei einer derartigen Ausbildung kann eine der beiden Schienen des Schienenstoßes ohne weiteres starr und auf einer weitgehend unbeweglichen Unterkonstruktion festgelegt sein, wohingegen die zweite Schiene relativ zur ersten Schiene bei Dilata­tionserscheinungen in Schienenlängsrichtung verschieblich sein kann. Wenn nun die bewegliche Schiene, wie erfindungs­gemäß vorgeschlagen, mit einer sich quer zu ihrer Längsrich­tung erstreckenden Platte verbunden ist, kann eine zusätz­liche seitliche Verschiebung der Unterkonstruktion bzw. des Tragwerkes zu einer Verbiegung der Schiene führen, welche für sich genommen die Betriebssicherheit zwar noch nicht defini­tiv gefährden würde, wohl aber Meßwerte eines Meßsensors, insbesondere eines induktiven Meßsensors, empfindlich beein­trächtigen würde. Die Sensoren müssen in seitlichem Abstand von der Schiene vorgesehen sein und entsprechend groß muß die seitliche Erstreckung der sich quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung erstreckenden Platten sein, welche mit diesen Sensoren zur Bestimmung des korrekten Abstandes zusammenwirken. Eine Ver­schwenkung der Schienen hätte daher auf Grund des relativ großen Hebelarmes zur Folge, daß diese Platten deutlich aus ihrer für die korrekte Messung erforderlichen Normallage verschwenkt werden, so daß exakte Meßwerte nicht mehr erzielt werden können. Es ist daher erfindungsgemäß von wesentlicher Bedeutung, daß die Achse(n) des oder der Meßsensoren normal auf die Platte orientiert ist (sind), und um diese normale Orientierung der Achsen des oder der Meßsensoren sicherzu­stellen, wird erfindungsgemäß die Schiene in einer Weise eingespannt, welche die zu messende Bewegungsrichtung frei­gibt, Bewegungen quer zu dieser Bewegungsrichtung jedoch mit Sicherheit verhindert, um eine Schrägstellung der mit den Schienen verbundenen Platten zu verhindern. Zu diesem Zweck ist eine entsprechende Gleitlagerung nahe den Befestigungs­stellen für die Platten bzw. die Bedämpfungselemente vorge­sehen, welche eine unzulässige Verschwenkung sicher verhin­dern soll. Mit Vorteil ist die Ausbildung hiebei so getrof­fen, daß die Abstützung von an der Schiene quer zur zu messenden Bewegungsrichtung abgestützten Rollen gebildet ist, wobei eine derartige Rollenlagerung mit Vorteil von einer Mehrzahl von Rollen gebildet ist, welche mit einem gemein­samen Träger zusammengefaßt sind, so daß eine hinreichend große Abstützlänge gewährleistet ist, welche ein Verschwenken der Schiene im Bereich der Meßsensoren mit Sicherheit ver­hindert. Mit Vorteil ist die Ausbildung hiebei so getroffen, daß die Rollen gegen eine Meßkonsole abgestützt sind, an welcher der (die) Meßsensor(en) ortsfest angeordnet ist (sind), wobei die Rollen mit einem gemeinsamen Träger zwischen die entsprechenden Widerlagerflächen an Schiene und Konsole eingelegt werden können und der Rollweg der Rollen in Längsrichtung der Schienen durch entsprechende Anschläge begrenzt sein kann. In jedem Fall muß der Weg, über welchen die Rollen frei in Längsrichtung der Schienen beweglich sein sollen, hinreichend groß gewählt werden, um die Dilatation, welche in Richtung der zu messenden Bewegungsrichtung er­folgt, nicht zu behindern und tatsächlich exakte Aussagen zu ermöglichen.The invention now aims to provide a device of the type mentioned, in which substructures can be used for the laying of the rails, which are themselves multi-axis stressed and can therefore cause additional relative displacements of the rails without the measuring accuracy for the Distance in the dilation joint suffers. To achieve this object, the inventive design of the device of the type mentioned essentially consists in that the rail (s) is (are) connected to at least one plate extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail or a damping element that the axis (s) of the (the) measuring sensor (s) is (are) normally oriented on the plate (s) and that the rail (s) near the attachment points for the plate (s) is slidably supported and secured against pivoting from the direction of movement to be measured ). With such a design, one of the two rails of the rail joint can readily be rigid and fixed on a largely immovable substructure, whereas the second rail can be displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the rail in the event of signs of dilatation. If the movable rail, as proposed according to the invention, is now connected to a plate extending transversely to its longitudinal direction, an additional lateral displacement of the substructure or of the supporting structure can lead to a bending of the rail, which in itself does not yet definitely mean operational safety would endanger, but would significantly affect the measured values of a measuring sensor, in particular an inductive measuring sensor. The sensors must be provided at a lateral distance from the rail and the size must be correspondingly large lateral extension of the plates extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rails, which interact with these sensors to determine the correct distance. Due to the relatively large lever arm, pivoting the rails would result in these plates being pivoted significantly out of their normal position required for the correct measurement, so that exact measured values can no longer be achieved. It is therefore essential according to the invention that the axis (s) of the measuring sensor or sensors is (are) normally oriented on the plate, and in order to ensure this normal orientation of the axes of the measuring sensor or sensors, the rail is clamped according to the invention in such a way that which releases the direction of movement to be measured, but certainly prevents movements transverse to this direction of movement in order to prevent the plates connected to the rails from sloping. For this purpose, a corresponding slide bearing is provided near the fastening points for the plates or the damping elements, which is intended to reliably prevent unauthorized pivoting. Advantageously, the design is such that the support is formed by rollers supported on the rail transversely to the direction of movement to be measured, such a roller bearing advantageously being formed by a plurality of rollers which are combined with a common carrier, so that a sufficiently large support length is guaranteed, which prevents the rail from pivoting in the area of the measuring sensors with certainty. Advantageously, the design is such that the rollers are supported against a measuring console on which the measuring sensor (s) is / are arranged in a stationary manner, the rollers with a common support between the corresponding abutment surfaces on the rail and console can be inserted and the rolling path of the rollers in the longitudinal direction of the rails can be limited by appropriate stops. In any case, the path over which the rollers can move freely in the longitudinal direction of the rails must be should be chosen sufficiently large so that the dilation, which takes place in the direction of the direction of movement to be measured, is not impeded and actually enables exact statements to be made.

Bevorzugt werden im allgemeinen bei der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung induktive analoge Näherungssensoren eingesetzt. Derartige induktive Näherungssensoren müssen entsprechend abgeschirmt und beschaltet werden, um sie von Einflüssen von Streufeldern, insbesondere bei Verwendung elektrischer Lokomotiven, freizuhalten. Daraus resultiert in der Regel ein mehr oder minder großer Abstand zu den Schienen, wodurch wiederum das Bedämpfungselement, welches mit den Sensoren zusammenwirkt, entsprechend größer dimensioniert werden muß. Derartige Meßsensoren weisen in der Regel einen exakt defi­nierten Meßbereich auf, über welchen sich die Meßkennlinie linear verhält. Bevorzugt werden daher derartige Messungen in ihrem linearen Kennlinienbereich eingesetzt und im Falle von großen möglichen Verschiebungen in der Meßrichtung ist es nicht ohne weiteres möglich, mit einem derartigen Meßsensor die gesamte Verschiebung korrekt zu erfassen. Mit Vorteil wird daher im Rahmen der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung die Anordnung so getroffen, daß zwei Meßsensoren koaxial in einem Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind, welcher größer ist als die Länge des linearen Kennlinienbereiches der Meßsensoren, und daß zwischen den Meßsensoren zwei zueinander parallele Platten in Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind. Durch die Verwendung von zwei Meßsenoren in einem Abstand voneinander, welcher größer ist als die Länge des linearen Kennlinienbe­reiches, kann von zwei Sensoren jeweils in ihrem linearen Kennlinienbereich arbeitend ein entsprechend größerer Ver­schiebeweg exakt erfaßt werden. Die Maßnahme, die beiden Sensoren in Abstand voneinander anzuordnen, kann hiebei dazu ausgenützt werden, diesen Abstand so groß zu wählen, daß die beiden Sensoren einander nicht beeinflussen, so daß Streu­felder eines Sensors die Messung des anderen Sensors nicht beeinträchtigen. Zu diesem Zweck sind zwischen den Meßsen­soren zwei zueinander parallele Platten in Abstand vonein­ander angeordnet, wobei dieser Abstand der beiden Platten voneinander so groß gewählt werden kann, daß tatsächlich sichergestellt ist, daß die beiden Meßsensoren einander in keiner Weise beeinflussen.In general, inductive analog proximity sensors are preferably used in the device according to the invention. Such inductive proximity sensors must be shielded and wired accordingly to keep them free from the effects of stray fields, especially when using electric locomotives. This usually results in a more or less large distance from the rails, which in turn means that the damping element, which interacts with the sensors, must be dimensioned correspondingly larger. Such measuring sensors generally have a precisely defined measuring range over which the measuring characteristic behaves linearly. Such measurements are therefore preferably used in their linear characteristic range, and in the case of large possible shifts in the measurement direction, it is not readily possible to correctly detect the entire shift with such a measurement sensor. The arrangement is therefore advantageously made within the scope of the device according to the invention such that two measuring sensors are arranged coaxially at a distance from one another which is greater than the length of the linear characteristic range of the measuring sensors, and that two mutually parallel plates are arranged at a distance from one another between the measuring sensors are. By using two measuring sensors at a distance from one another which is greater than the length of the linear characteristic range, a correspondingly larger displacement path can be exactly detected by two sensors, each working in their linear characteristic range. The measure of arranging the two sensors at a distance from one another can be used to select this distance so large that the two sensors do not influence one another, so that stray fields from one sensor do not measure the other sensor affect. For this purpose, two mutually parallel plates are arranged at a distance from one another between the measuring sensors, this distance of the two plates from one another being so large that it is actually ensured that the two measuring sensors do not influence one another in any way.

Für in aller Regel zusätzlich erforderliche Überwachungen am Tragwerk und gegebenenfalls weitere Überwachungen der kor­rekten Lage der Schienen, wird die Ausbildung mit Vorteil so getroffen, daß für Relativverschiebungen der Tragkonstruktion sowie gegebenenfalls Verschiebungen der Schienen quer zur messenden Bewegungsrichtung gesonderte Sensoren vorgesehen sind. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, daß tatsächlich die für den sicheren Betrieb geforderten Meßwerte für die Orientierung der Schienen und den Abstand der Schienen voneinander unabhängig von den mit diesen Relativbewegungen über komplexe Zusammenhänge verknüpften Bewegungen der Tragkonstruktion erfaßt werden.For generally required additional monitoring of the structure and, if necessary, further monitoring of the correct position of the rails, the training is advantageously carried out in such a way that separate sensors are provided for relative displacements of the supporting structure and any displacements of the rails transverse to the measuring direction of movement. In this way it is ensured that the measured values for the orientation of the rails and the spacing of the rails required for safe operation are actually recorded independently of the movements of the supporting structure linked to these relative movements via complex relationships.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand von in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläu­tert. In dieser zeigen Fig.1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Einrichtung zum Überwachen von Dilatationseinrichtun­gen, wobei neben einer Einrichtung zum Überwachen des Ab­standes der Stirnflächen von Schienen zusätzlich Relativ­verschiebungen einer Tragkonstruktion überwacht werden können, und Fig.2 in vergrößerter Darstellung die erfindungs­gemäße Einrichtung zur Überwachung des Abstandes der Stirn­flächen von Schienen gemäß der Fig.1.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments schematically illustrated in the drawing. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a device for monitoring dilatation devices, in addition to a device for monitoring the distance between the end faces of rails, relative displacements of a supporting structure can also be monitored, and FIG. 2 shows the device according to the invention for monitoring the distance in an enlarged view the end faces of rails according to Fig.1.

In Fig.1 sind zwei Schienen 1 und 2 dargestellt, deren Stirnflächen 3 und 4 im Bereich eines Dilatationsstoßes einen Abstand voneinander aufweisen. Die Schienen sind dabei auf einer Tragwerkskonstruktion gelagert, welche mehrachsig beansprucht ist und es sollen zur korrekten Feststellung des Abstandes der Stirnflächen 3 und 4 voneinander die Schienen 1 und 2 lediglich in ihrer Längsrichtung bewegbar sein, wie dies in Fig.2 noch genauer dargestellt werden wird. Bei dem in Fig.1 dargestellten Beispiel ist die Schiene 1 starr eingespannt und es ist die bewegbare Schiene 2 mit einer Meßkonsole 5 mit sich quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung er­streckenden Platten bzw. Bedämpfungselementen 6 verbunden. Mit den Platten bzw. dem Bedämpfungselementen 6 wirken Meßgeber 7 zusammen, deren Achsen 8 normal auf die Oberfläche der Platten 6 orientiert sind. Bei einer Bewegung der Schiene 2 lediglich in ihrer Längsrichtung, wobei die Abstützung gegen ein Verschwenken aus der zu messenden Bewegungsrichtung durch schematisch angedeutete, am Schienensteg 9 anliegende Rollen 10 einer Gleitlagerung vorgenommen wird, wird durch Kombination der von den beiden Meßwertgebern 7 erhaltenen Meßwerte der korrekte Abstand zwischen den Stirnflächen 3 und 4 ermittelt. Da der zu messende maximale Abstand der Stirn­flächen 3 und 4 voneinander im allgemeinen über erfaßbaren oder zumindest eine lineare Kennlinie aufweisenden Bereich eines Meßwertgebers bzw. Meßsensors 7 hinausgeht, sind zwischen den Meßsensoren 7 die parallelen Platten bzw. Bedämpfungselemente 6 in Abstand voneinander angeordnet, wobei die zwei Meßsensoren 7 in einem Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind, welcher größer ist als die Länge des line­aren Kennlinienbereiches der einzelnen Meßsensoren 7.1 shows two rails 1 and 2, the end faces 3 and 4 of which are spaced apart in the region of a dilation joint. The rails are mounted on a supporting structure, which is multi-axis stressed and should be used to correctly determine the The distance between the end faces 3 and 4 of the rails 1 and 2 can only be movable in their longitudinal direction, as will be shown in more detail in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the rail 1 is rigidly clamped and the movable rail 2 is connected to a measuring console 5 with plates or damping elements 6 extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail. Measuring transducers 7 cooperate with the plates or the damping elements 6, the axes 8 of which are normally oriented on the surface of the plates 6. When the rail 2 moves only in its longitudinal direction, the support against pivoting from the direction of movement to be measured being carried out by means of schematically indicated rollers 10 of a sliding bearing which rest against the rail web 9, the correct values are obtained by combining the measured values obtained from the two sensors 7 Distance between the end faces 3 and 4 determined. Since the maximum distance of the end faces 3 and 4 to be measured from one another generally extends over a region of a transducer or measuring sensor 7 that can be detected or at least has a linear characteristic curve, the parallel plates or damping elements 6 are arranged at a distance from one another between the measuring sensors 7, the two measuring sensors 7 are arranged at a distance from one another which is greater than the length of the linear characteristic range of the individual measuring sensors 7.

Die von den Sensoren 7 erhaltenen Meßwerte werden einer zentralen Steuerung- und Auswerteeinheit 11 zugeführt, welche neben einer Warneinrichtung 12 mit einem Drucker 13, einem Datensichtgerät 14 und weiteren schematisch mit 15 angedeu­teten periphären Einheiten zusammenwirkt.The measured values obtained from the sensors 7 are fed to a central control and evaluation unit 11 which, in addition to a warning device 12, interacts with a printer 13, a data display device 14 and further peripheral units schematically indicated with 15.

Neben der Feststellung des Abstandes der Stirnflächen 3 und 4 der Schienen wird in einem von den Stirnflächen entfernten Bereich der Schienen die Ausbiegung derselben überwacht. Dabei ist an einer Schiene eine Meßplatte 16 angeordnet, welche mit einem weiteren Sensor 17 zusammenwirkt, wobei bei einer Verschiebung der Schiene in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles 18 ein entsprechendes Signal vom Sensor 17 der zentralen Auswerteeinheit 11 zugeführt wird. Dabei sind mit 19 Verbin­dungsstangen zwischen den mit 20 bezeichneten Schienen angedeutet.In addition to determining the distance between the end faces 3 and 4 of the rails, the deflection of the rails is monitored in a region of the rails which is remote from the end faces. A measuring plate 16 is arranged on a rail, which cooperates with a further sensor 17, a corresponding signal from the sensor 17 being fed to the central evaluation unit 11 when the rail is displaced in the direction of the double arrow 18. 19 connecting rods are indicated between the rails designated 20.

Wie oben angedeutet, ist die Abstützung einer Schiene quer zu ihrer Längsrichtung bei der Messung des Abstandes der Stirn­flächen zweier aneinander angrenzender Schienen insbesondere dann besonders wichtig, falls die Schienen durch ihre Lage­rung auf einer Tragwerkskonstruktion mehrachsig beansprucht werden. Zusätzlich zur Überwachung des Abstandes der Stirn­fläche zweier Schienen bzw. zur Überwachung der Ausbiegung der Schienen ist in Fig.1 schematisch auch eine Überwachung der Relativverschiebungen einer Tragwerkskonstruktion darge­stellt, wobei vier Tragwerkselemente 21, welche in Abstand voneinander liegen angedeutet sind. Eine der Tragwerkskon­struktionen ist dabei mit einer Meßkonsole 22 verbunden, welche entsprechend der Anzahl der zu messenden Verschie­bungen bzw. Bewegungsrichtungen Bedämpfungselemente 23 aufweist, welche mit einer Mehrzahl von Sensoren 24 zusammen­wirken, wobei die Achsen der einzelnen Sensoren 24 jeweils wiederum normal auf die Bedämpfungselemente angeordnet sind. Bei einer Verschiebung der einzelnen Tragwerkselemente 21 zueinander entsprechend den angedeuteten Doppelpfeilen 25 läßt sich durch Kombination der von den einzelnen Sensoren 24 erhaltenen Daten die relative Lage der einzelnen Tragwerks­elemente 21 bestimmen. Gleichzeitig läßt sich bei einer Verknüpfung der aus dem gegenseitigen Abstand bzw. der Ausbiegung der Schienen erhaltenen Meßwerte ein vollkommenes Bild über die Orientierung der Schienen und die Beanspruchung derselben erhalten.As indicated above, the support of a rail transverse to its longitudinal direction is particularly important when measuring the distance between the end faces of two adjacent rails if the rails are stressed in multiple axes by their support on a supporting structure. In addition to monitoring the distance of the end face of two rails or monitoring the deflection of the rails, a monitoring of the relative displacements of a supporting structure is also shown schematically in FIG. 1, four supporting elements 21 which are spaced apart being indicated. One of the supporting structures is connected to a measuring console 22, which, according to the number of displacements or directions of movement to be measured, has damping elements 23 which cooperate with a plurality of sensors 24, the axes of the individual sensors 24 in turn being arranged normally on the damping elements . When the individual structural elements 21 are displaced relative to one another in accordance with the indicated double arrows 25, the relative position of the individual structural elements 21 can be determined by combining the data obtained from the individual sensors 24. At the same time, when the measured values obtained from the mutual spacing or the deflection of the rails are linked, a complete picture can be obtained of the orientation of the rails and the stress on them.

Bei der Darstellung gemäß Fig.2 sind für gleiche Bauteile die Bezugszeichen der Fig.1 beibehalten worden. Zur Messung des Abstandes der Stirnflächen 3 und 4 zweier Schienen 1 und 2 ist wiederum eine Meßkonsole 5 mit der Schiene 2 verbunden und weist Platten bzw. Bedämpfungselemente 6 auf, welche sich quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung, in welcher die Messung des Abstandes erfolgen soll, erstrecken. Meßgeber bzw. Meßsen­soren 7 sind wiederum mit ihren Achsen 8 normal auf die Platten 6 angeordnet. Zur Verhinderung eines Verschwenkens der Schiene 2 quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung sind wiederum Rollen 10 vorgesehen, welche mit dem Schienensteg der Schiene 2 zusammenwirken. Die Schiene 1 soll wiederum starr einge­spannt sein. Die Rollen 10 der Gleitlagerung der Schiene 2 sind dabei auf einer weiteren Meßkonsole 26 festgelegt, an welcher in nicht näher dargestellter Weise auch die Sensoren 7 ortsfest angeordnet sind, wobei die Konsole 26 in nicht näher dargestellter Weise auf dem eine starre Auflagefläche für die Schiene 1 bildenden Unterbau festgelegt ist.In the representation according to FIG. 2, the reference symbols of FIG. 1 have been retained for the same components. To measure the Distance between the end faces 3 and 4 of two rails 1 and 2 is in turn connected to a measuring console 5 with the rail 2 and has plates or damping elements 6 which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail in which the distance is to be measured. Measuring transducers or measuring sensors 7 are in turn arranged with their axes 8 normally on the plates 6. To prevent the rail 2 from pivoting transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail, rollers 10 are again provided which cooperate with the rail web of the rail 2. The rail 1 should in turn be rigidly clamped. The rollers 10 of the slide bearing of the rail 2 are fixed on a further measuring console 26, on which the sensors 7 are also arranged in a fixed manner in a manner not shown, the console 26 in a manner not shown on which a rigid bearing surface for the rail 1 forming substructure.

Claims (5)

1. Einrichtung zum Überwachen des Abstandes der Stirnflächen von Schienen (1, 2), beispielsweise bei Dilatationsstößen oder Tragwerken, bei welchen die Schienen (1, 2) mehrachsig beansprucht sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schiene(n) (1, 2) mit wenigstens einer sich quer zur Schienenlängsrich­tung erstreckenden Platte bzw. einem Bedämpfungselement (6) verbunden ist (sind), daß die Achse(n) (8) des (der) Meßsen­sors(-sensoren) (7) normal auf die Platte(n) (6) orientiert ist (sind) und daß die Schiene(n) (1, 2) nahe den Befesti­gungsstellen für die Platte(n) (6) gleitend und gegen Ver­schwenkung aus der zu messenden Bewegungsrichtung gesichert abgestützt ist (sind).1. Device for monitoring the distance between the end faces of rails (1, 2), for example in the event of dilatation impacts or supporting structures in which the rails (1, 2) are subjected to multiple axes, characterized in that the rail (s) (1, 2) is (are) connected to at least one plate or a damping element (6) extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail such that the axis (s) (8) of the measuring sensor (s) (7) normally on the plate (s) (6) is (are) oriented and that the rail (s) (1, 2) near the attachment points for the plate (s) (6) is slidably supported and secured against pivoting from the direction of movement to be measured. 2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abstützung von an der Schiene (1, 2) quer zur zu messen­den Bewegungsrichtung abgestützten Rollen (10) gebildet ist.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support of on the rail (1, 2) transverse to the direction of movement to be measured rollers (10) is formed. 3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Rollen (10) gegen eine Meßkonsole (5) abgestützt sind, an welcher der (die) Meßsensor(en) (7) ortsfest ange­ordnet ist (sind).3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rollers (10) are supported against a measuring console (5), on which the (the) measuring sensor (s) (7) is (are) fixed. 4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß zwei Meßsensoren (7) koaxial in einem Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind, welcher größer ist als die Länge des linearen Kennlinienbereiches der Meßsensoren, und daß zwischen den Meßsensoren zwei zueinander parallele Platten (6) in Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind.4. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that two measuring sensors (7) are arranged coaxially at a distance from one another which is greater than the length of the linear characteristic range of the measuring sensors, and that between the measuring sensors two mutually parallel plates ( 6) are spaced from each other. 5. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für Relativverschiebungen der Tragkon­struktion (21) sowie gegebenenfalls Verschiebungen der Schienen (1, 2, 20) quer zur messenden Bewegungsrichtung gesonderte Sensoren (17, 24) vorgesehen sind.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that separate sensors (17, 24) are provided for relative displacements of the supporting structure (21) and possibly displacements of the rails (1, 2, 20) transversely to the measuring direction of movement.
EP90890035A 1989-02-15 1990-02-14 Apparatus for the surveillance of the surface gaps in rail joints, for example dilatation joints Expired - Lifetime EP0383749B1 (en)

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AT339/89 1989-02-15
AT33989 1989-02-15

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EP0383749A3 EP0383749A3 (en) 1991-03-06
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EP (1) EP0383749B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02289701A (en)
AT (1) ATE84091T1 (en)
BG (1) BG51164A3 (en)
CA (1) CA2010016A1 (en)
CS (1) CS62590A2 (en)
DD (1) DD296890A5 (en)
DE (1) DE59000668D1 (en)
FI (1) FI900750A0 (en)
HU (1) HUT56621A (en)
NO (1) NO900712L (en)
RO (1) RO108811B1 (en)
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2090697A3 (en) * 2008-02-14 2011-05-18 Politechnika Opolska Device for indirect indication of rail axis
CN112880544A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-06-01 马洲 Bridge expansion joint alarm device for road engineering

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US5295399A (en) * 1992-02-28 1994-03-22 Spar Aerospace Limited Force moment sensor
US6049289A (en) * 1996-09-06 2000-04-11 Overhead Door Corporation Remote controlled garage door opening system
DE102005000113B4 (en) * 2005-09-13 2014-03-27 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft setting tool

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FR931656A (en) * 1946-07-29 1948-03-01 Mecaniques Et D Organisation I Apparatus, known as a tirometer, for measuring the joints of railway tracks and adjusting their opening
DE2405338A1 (en) * 1974-02-05 1975-08-07 Krauss Maffei Ag Track monitor for magnetically levitated vehicles - has tubular sensing element which bridges a track joint

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US3961293A (en) * 1975-02-03 1976-06-01 Texas Instruments Incorporated Multi-resonant surface wave resonator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR931656A (en) * 1946-07-29 1948-03-01 Mecaniques Et D Organisation I Apparatus, known as a tirometer, for measuring the joints of railway tracks and adjusting their opening
DE2405338A1 (en) * 1974-02-05 1975-08-07 Krauss Maffei Ag Track monitor for magnetically levitated vehicles - has tubular sensing element which bridges a track joint

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2090697A3 (en) * 2008-02-14 2011-05-18 Politechnika Opolska Device for indirect indication of rail axis
CN112880544A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-06-01 马洲 Bridge expansion joint alarm device for road engineering
CN112880544B (en) * 2021-01-13 2022-09-09 马洲 Bridge expansion joint alarm device for road engineering

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EP0383749A3 (en) 1991-03-06
NO900712D0 (en) 1990-02-14
CA2010016A1 (en) 1990-08-15
FI900750A0 (en) 1990-02-14
TNSN90014A1 (en) 1991-03-05
RO108811B1 (en) 1994-08-31
HU900797D0 (en) 1990-04-28
JPH02289701A (en) 1990-11-29
US5053701A (en) 1991-10-01
DE59000668D1 (en) 1993-02-11
HUT56621A (en) 1991-09-30
ATE84091T1 (en) 1993-01-15
BG51164A3 (en) 1993-02-15
CS62590A2 (en) 1991-07-16
NO900712L (en) 1990-08-16
DD296890A5 (en) 1991-12-19
EP0383749B1 (en) 1992-12-30

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