EP0383710A1 - Chariot, brancard ou civière munis d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie thermique par changement d'état d'une substance et destinés au transport, au repos ou au traitement de personnes malades ou blessées - Google Patents

Chariot, brancard ou civière munis d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie thermique par changement d'état d'une substance et destinés au transport, au repos ou au traitement de personnes malades ou blessées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0383710A1
EP0383710A1 EP90460007A EP90460007A EP0383710A1 EP 0383710 A1 EP0383710 A1 EP 0383710A1 EP 90460007 A EP90460007 A EP 90460007A EP 90460007 A EP90460007 A EP 90460007A EP 0383710 A1 EP0383710 A1 EP 0383710A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substance
transport
stretcher
transport according
paraffin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP90460007A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Denis Consigny
Daniel Quinet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
QUINET SARL Ets
Original Assignee
QUINET SARL Ets
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by QUINET SARL Ets filed Critical QUINET SARL Ets
Publication of EP0383710A1 publication Critical patent/EP0383710A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
    • A61G1/02—Stretchers with wheels
    • A61G1/0206—Stretchers with wheels characterised by the number of supporting wheels if stretcher is extended
    • A61G1/0212—2 pairs having wheels within a pair on the same position in longitudinal direction, e.g. on the same axis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
    • A61G1/02—Stretchers with wheels
    • A61G1/0237—Stretchers with wheels having at least one swivelling wheel, e.g. castors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
    • A61G1/02—Stretchers with wheels
    • A61G1/0293—Stretchers with wheels stretcher supports with wheels, e.g. used for stretchers without wheels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2210/00—Devices for specific treatment or diagnosis
    • A61G2210/90—Devices for specific treatment or diagnosis for heating

Definitions

  • the field of application of the invention is medical equipment and more particularly trolleys intended for the transport of patients between places of rest (rooms, common rooms) and examination or treatment rooms.
  • the invention also applies to trolleys or stretchers used for transporting patients between the places where they fell ill or were injured and medical establishments, and in particular to stretchers intended to be placed in ambulances and helicopters, as well than stretchers or stretchers used to evacuate victims of accidents of any kind, including, for example, sleigh stretchers used to transport victims of accidents in the mountains or on ski slopes.
  • the invention can also find application in other fields, namely the transport of individuals, or even of animals, other than the sick or injured.
  • trolleys having approximately the following dimensions: length 190 cm; width 70 cm, height 120 cm.
  • These trolleys can in particular be provided with swivel casters at their lower part and handles allowing them to be towed or pushed.
  • stretchers or stretchers designed so that they can be carried on the one hand by two people and on the other hand be placed inside a motor vehicle, an airplane or a helicopter.
  • the upper part of these trolleys, stretchers or stretchers consists of a flat or approximately flat surface on which the transported person rests.
  • barriers placed on the periphery of the flat surface are sometimes barriers placed on the periphery of the flat surface, these barriers, preferably retractable, protruding by a height of about 15 cm from the level of the flat surface so as to prevent the people being transported from falling.
  • This flat surface is made of a material chosen from waterproof materials and having good resistance to attack from mechanical or chemical origin. Indeed, this material undergoes not only mechanical aggressions (weight and movements of the transported people, impacts with various objects or surfaces), but also the spraying by liquids or products used during treatments or the preparation of the patients with a view to treatments.
  • this surface must be able to be perfectly and completely cleaned, sterilized and sanitized after each use so as to avoid any risk of contamination by germs, viruses, cells, or by any substance originating from or having served to treat a person previously placed on this same surface.
  • these upper surfaces on which people are placed happen to be at a temperature close to that of the room or the atmosphere in which the trolley or stretcher is located; this temperature can even be lower than the ambient temperature when the trolley or stretcher has been stored in a room, a vehicle or an aircraft little or not heated shortly before its use.
  • the people who are placed on these trolleys or stretchers are often partially or completely undressed; in addition, it may happen that their condition does not allow them to perform the slightest movement. Under these conditions, these people are particularly sensitive to feelings of cold from contact with the surface on which they rest, which can have consequences quite damaging to their development, both physiologically and psychologically.
  • Incubators are also known for sick or premature newborns as described in French patent documents No. 2,196,781 and English No. 2,098,870, both from the company Drägewerk AG.
  • the devices described there have many drawbacks: - they come in the form of closed enclosures of sizes adapted to that of newborns. They cannot therefore be applied to the transport of larger people; - they are not specifically intended to be transported; - it is the volume included in the enclosure which is maintained at a constant temperature and not a rest surface.
  • the object of the invention is to provide concrete and effective solutions to the difficulties mentioned above.
  • a first object of the invention is to make it possible to very significantly improve the comfort of sick or injured people who are brought to be transported or to be placed on trolleys or stretchers, ensuring that the transport surface is kept at a temperature close to that of the body.
  • An additional objective is to provide a satisfactory level of comfort regardless of where the trolleys or stretchers according to the invention are placed, and for a relatively long period.
  • An additional objective is to offer trolleys or stretchers intended for the transport of sick or injured people whose upper surface is fully compatible with the cleaning and sterilization processes currently used in medical and surgical practice.
  • Another objective is to produce upper parts of trolleys or stretchers which are particularly resistant and insensitive to shocks.
  • a means of transport of the trolley, stretcher or stretcher type in particular intended for the transport, at rest or for the treatment of the sick or injured, comprising a transport surface of thermally conductive material, said surface being formed by, or in thermal contact with, the upper wall of a reservoir containing a substance making it possible to store a large quantity of heat energy and to restore it at a physiologically acceptable temperature essentially between 20 and 45 degrees Celsius approximately, the heat energy being essentially dissipated by conduction in the transport surface, and the substance cooperating with means allowing it to periodically restore the quantities of heat energy dissipated.
  • said transport surface maintains a temperature substantially higher than ambient temperature and close to the temperature of the human body, including when the transport surface is distant and disconnected for several hours from any energy source.
  • the means for periodic restitution of heat energy consist of a set of at least one electrical resistance in contact with or embedded in the substance and connected to a source of electrical energy by means of a thermostatically controlled device.
  • the reservoir of high inertia thermal energy storage consists of a tank of parallelepiped shape, the upper part of which consists of a thin sheet of stainless steel serving as a resting surface and the lower and lateral parts of which are isolated from the environment by all suitable means, these walls can for example be themselves made of insulating materials.
  • This parallelepipedic tank is in thermal contact with the resistor (s); it is partially or completely filled with a substance having the characteristic of changing state, that is to say to pass from a solid phase to a liquid phase at a temperature close to the normal temperature of the human body, know about 37 degrees centigrade.
  • the substance consists of paraffin or a paraffin-based substance.
  • paraffins or substances based on paraffin have the particularity of requiring a calorific intake of approximately 0.9 kilocalories per gram. so that their temperature rises by 1 degree over the temperature range between 0 and 100 degrees, except around their melting point where they require a calorific intake of about 60 kcal per gram and per degree.
  • this melting point is placed at about 42 degrees centigrade for the most commonly sold paraffins.
  • the choice of the type of paraffin used and the addition of various components in small quantities makes it possible to obtain substances based on paraffin whose melting points vary between 32 and 49 degrees centigrade.
  • paraffins or paraffin-based substances Another property of paraffins or paraffin-based substances is to exhibit a significant variation in volume during changes of state.
  • a bladder filled with pressurized air will advantageously be placed inside the tank, absorbing variations in the volume of the substance. .
  • paraffins and paraffin-based substances are to be able to undergo several thousand successive transformations from the solid state to the liquid state and vice versa, without presenting any significant modification of their composition or of their performance in terms of storage and return of thermal energy.
  • the electrical resistances can be replaced, or at least supplemented , by cartridges provided with heat conducting walls and filled with at least two different substances whose total or partial mixture, triggered by any appropriate means, causes an exothermic reaction.
  • cartridges are intended to take place either in cavities located inside the energy storage tank, or in locations located in thermal contact with the tank.
  • the transport surface of the means of transport according to the invention forms a light autonomous stretcher nestable on a frame comprising the energy storage means and the means for periodic restitution of the amounts of energy heat dissipated, the nesting being carried out so as to establish a thermally conductive connection between said light autonomous stretcher and said frame.
  • the light autonomous stretcher comprises an essentially airtight articulation making it possible to tilt a part of the patient's resting surface and at least one air duct forming a chimney disposed under the tilting surface making it possible to heat by convection of air the tilting part.
  • the chassis 1 is equipped in its upper part with an insulating plate 3 provided with edges on its periphery.
  • a thin sheet 2 preferably made of stainless steel, is placed above the insulating plate 3, so that there is a cavity of approximately parallelepipedal shape delimited in its lower part by the insulating plate 3, in its upper part by the thin sheet 2 and parts thereof side by insulating materials.
  • the connection between the thin sheet 2 and the insulating elements is made in a sealed manner and preferably removable.
  • the sealed cavity provided under the sheet 2 is filled with paraffin or a paraffin-based substance 5.
  • This cavity also includes one or more electrical resistors 4 preferably immersed in the paraffin; these electrical resistances are placed in such a way that they come into contact as regularly and completely as possible with the entire volume of paraffin, this in order to obtain a regular and homogeneous fusion of this substance having a relatively low thermal conductivity.
  • an effort is made to size and place the electrical resistances so that no point in the paraffin-filled volume is more than 5 cm away from an electrical resistance element.
  • metal diffusers for example in the form of fins.
  • the resistors and their possible diffusers are dimensioned in such a way that the energy inputs per square centimeter of metal / paraffin contact surface remain below the thresholds beyond from which these cooking phenomena can appear.
  • the supply of the resistance (s) 4 immersed in, or in thermal contact with the paraffin is preferably carried out by simple connection to the electrical network, knowing that this connection is effected by means of a regulating device 6 for example adjustable thermostat type.
  • the electrical resistance 4 or all of the electrical resistances can be replaced by any device for supplying thermal energy and in particular by cartridges filled with chemical substances, the mixture of which triggered by mechanical or other means causes a reaction exothermic, the cartridges being provided with a sealed conductive packaging and placed in housings provided for this purpose in the fluid substance 5.
  • a deformable object inside the volume partially filled with paraffin.
  • a bladder 7 inflated with compressed air, the role of which is to absorb these variations in volume.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show examples of implementation of the invention, respectively in the case of a stretcher with arms and a stretcher-sled. In the latter case, it can be seen that the volume occupied by paraffin 5 is greater; the amount of paraffin must indeed be calculated as a function of the maximum probable time of use of a device according to the invention in an unheated atmosphere and without the possibility of connection to an energy source.
  • An optimal dimensioning of the paraffin volume according to the applications can be given as an indication: for a paraffin whose melting point is located at 38 degrees centigrade, we take about 25 liters of paraffin for a stretcher and it is preferable to provide at least 40 liters for a trolley used in a medical environment, while a stretcher-sled used in assembly requires at least 70 liters.
  • the behavior of the fluid substance as a function of time and of the calorific contributions is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4. From an ambient temperature of 22 degrees centigrade, the electrical resistance is connected to time t 0 on the sector and this until time t 3 . At the start, the temperature of the fluid substance gradually increases from 22 to 37.5 degrees centigrade 11. Then this temperature crosses a long plateau 12, corresponding to a large accumulation of energy between 37.5 and 38.5 degrees centigrade, and this, between the time t 1 corresponding to the start of the solid to liquid transformation and the time t 2 corresponding to the end of this transformation. Then, this temperature increases to the limit temperature set by adjusting the thermostat, i.e.
  • this phase is represented by the part curve 13 of the same slope as the rise in temperature 11 before crossing the stage of change of state 12.
  • the thermostat cuts the power supply to the heating device.
  • the temperature then changes on a quasi-sinusoidal curve 14, the amplitude and the period of which depend on the performance of the chosen regulating device.
  • the paraffin gives up, preferably by conduction through the upper metallic surface, the calories which it has previously stored, to the external environment and / or to the person lying on this surface.
  • the temperature development is slower than during the temperature rise steps: initially, it rapidly drops until the formation of the first solid crystal.
  • This level 16 represents the maximum duration of use in conditions of optimized comfort of a trolley, stretcher or stretcher according to the invention not connected to an energy source. Finally, the temperature drops rapidly 17 until it reaches room temperature.
  • the injured person is first placed on an autonomous stretcher carried by two people.
  • Such a stretcher is then placed on a support, for example in an ambulance or a helicopter.
  • the mobility of such a stretcher requires that it be light and it is therefore not possible to fill its base with substances providing a calorific contribution.
  • the present invention also provides such a light autonomous stretcher adapted to a device making it possible to maintain the stretcher at a temperature close to that of the human body during the transport of sick or injured persons on such a stretcher.
  • FIG. 5A represents a trolley according to the invention comprising a light stretcher 23, portable by means of four handles 22, placed on a frame 28.
  • the light stretcher 23 comprises a tilting part 24 serving as a rest surface for the head and the back of the person being transported. This part 24 is tiltable thanks to an articulation 25 essentially airtight and integral with the horizontal part light stretcher 23.
  • the light stretcher 23 has four feet 26 which fit onto a frame 28 containing electrical resistors 4 in contact with paraffin 5 contained in a tank 32 as described above.
  • the heat passes through a zone 29 of thermal connection between the upper horizontal part 2 of the support 28 and the upper part of the light stretcher 23.
  • the lateral edges of the transport surface 31 are folded down so as to form a sealed skirt for confining the frame-stretcher thermal connection zone.
  • the stretcher 23 can thus be kept at a temperature close to that of the human body as long as it is placed on the frame.
  • the stretcher 23 will be temporarily detached from the frame 28 on casters during the transfer, then secured to the floor of the ambulance which will advantageously also include a fixed frame with storage tank and energy return of the aforementioned type.
  • the transfer, of short duration, should not allow a too significant drop in temperature of the light stretcher.
  • the tilting part 24 of the light stretcher 23 is advantageously heated by convection thanks to one or more air ducts forming a chimney 27 formed under the tilting surface.
  • the sealed articulation 25 and the chimney 27 are arranged so that the hot air circulating in the zone 29 convectionally heats the upper part 24 of the stretcher 23 without there being any heat loss at the articulation 25 and of the chimney 27.
  • the size of the chimney 27 is advantageously equal to 2/3 of the size of the tilting part 24.
  • d 1 2d 2 .
  • the electrical resistors 4 included in the frame 28 heat the paraffin or the paraffin-based substance 5 contained in the reservoir 32 using a regulating device 6 connected to a source of electrical energy which can in particular be the grid voltage.
  • the regulating means 6 are advantageously placed at the end of the frame 28 corresponding to the inclined part known as a removable stretcher: at this point of frame 28, in fact, there is no need to extend the heat energy reservoir.
  • the frame 28 is advantageously mounted on a frame 1 provided with rollers 30.
  • Figure 5B is a sectional view AA of Figure 5A.
  • the frame 28 is provided with an insulating plate 3 comprising the tank 32 inside which are placed the electrical resistors 4 and the paraffin-based substance. 5.
  • Stainless steel fins 20 perpendicular and integral with the upper transport surface 31 of the light stretcher ensure a role of stiffening of the structure, and thermal conduction between the upper plate 2 of the tank and the removable stretcher 23 and allow to stiffen the surface 31.
  • the transport surface 31 comprises on its external face a flexible material advantageously consisting of a closed cell foam 21 improving the comfort of the lying person.
  • the foam is advantageously in the form of cushions glued and juxtaposed on the surface 31 so as to present between them intervals where the surface 31 is directly exposed to the air, and can thus radiate its heat.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
EP90460007A 1989-02-17 1990-02-16 Chariot, brancard ou civière munis d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie thermique par changement d'état d'une substance et destinés au transport, au repos ou au traitement de personnes malades ou blessées Ceased EP0383710A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8902076 1989-02-17
FR8902076A FR2643259A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1989-02-17 1989-02-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0383710A1 true EP0383710A1 (fr) 1990-08-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90460007A Ceased EP0383710A1 (fr) 1989-02-17 1990-02-16 Chariot, brancard ou civière munis d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie thermique par changement d'état d'une substance et destinés au transport, au repos ou au traitement de personnes malades ou blessées

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0383710A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2643259A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2698784B1 (fr) * 1992-12-09 1995-03-03 Quinet Sarl Ets Coussin destiné à lutter contre l'hypothermie de malades ou de blessés, civière et système de préparation de mise à disposition et de recyclage correspondants.

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1648631A (en) * 1926-02-18 1927-11-08 Samuel G Austin Surgical table
GB388347A (en) * 1931-11-26 1933-02-23 Valentin Retterath Improvements in compresses
FR2196781A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-08-25 1974-03-22 Draegerwerk Ag
DE2753911B1 (de) * 1977-12-03 1979-01-11 Helmut Dr Hess Thermo-Rettungskapsel
GB2098870A (en) * 1981-05-14 1982-12-01 Draegerwerk Ag Transportation device
DE3707948A1 (de) * 1987-03-12 1988-09-22 B U W Schmidt Gmbh & Co Kg Krankentrage

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1648631A (en) * 1926-02-18 1927-11-08 Samuel G Austin Surgical table
GB388347A (en) * 1931-11-26 1933-02-23 Valentin Retterath Improvements in compresses
FR2196781A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-08-25 1974-03-22 Draegerwerk Ag
DE2753911B1 (de) * 1977-12-03 1979-01-11 Helmut Dr Hess Thermo-Rettungskapsel
GB2098870A (en) * 1981-05-14 1982-12-01 Draegerwerk Ag Transportation device
DE3707948A1 (de) * 1987-03-12 1988-09-22 B U W Schmidt Gmbh & Co Kg Krankentrage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2643259A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-08-24

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