EP0383694A1 - Suction pump - Google Patents
Suction pump Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0383694A1 EP0383694A1 EP90400430A EP90400430A EP0383694A1 EP 0383694 A1 EP0383694 A1 EP 0383694A1 EP 90400430 A EP90400430 A EP 90400430A EP 90400430 A EP90400430 A EP 90400430A EP 0383694 A1 EP0383694 A1 EP 0383694A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- suction
- fins
- disc
- blades
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001494496 Leersia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001417527 Pempheridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/281—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for fans or blowers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D23/00—Other rotary non-positive-displacement pumps
- F04D23/001—Pumps adapted for conveying materials or for handling specific elastic fluids
- F04D23/003—Pumps adapted for conveying materials or for handling specific elastic fluids of radial-flow type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a suction pump intended in particular, but not exclusively, for towed and carried pick-up machines, such as sweepers, lawn mowers, road maintenance equipment, etc.
- This type of gear is used more and more. They include cutting and / or cleaning means connected to a suction duct. At the other end of the suction duct, there is a pump generally comprising a rotor rotating inside a chamber or casing, the casing itself being connected to a discharge pipe, the second end of which opens out, either in the open air or in a collection hopper.
- FR-A-884 320 discloses a double-sided blower wheel which aims to produce a mixture of gases.
- EP-A-0 227 021 relates to a pneumatic conveyor having air intake orifices on its front and rear faces. Additional ventilation fins are arranged between two discs.
- the turbine described does not shred the materials and the blades do not provide a centrifugal mechanical ejection of the material.
- the material is transported only pneumatically without contact with the rotor and jams are to be feared with the fibrous products.
- the subject of the present invention is a suction pump whose rotor can rotate at a lower speed than the rotors of known pumps, and in which a compression effect occurs simultaneously with the suction effect, so that the sucked material is ejected into the exhaust duct on a kind of air cushion.
- the suction pump comprising, inside a casing connected to a suction pipe on the one hand, and to an evacuation pipe on the other hand, a shaft on which is mounted at least one disc carrying, on the side of the suction pipe and, perpendicular to the axis of this pipe, substantially radial blades, notched to allow the insertion of the end piece of the suction pipe, is characterized in that that, on the discharge side, the disc carries a second set of fins, the outer side of the disc being linked to a source of air suction.
- the rotation of the rotor causes not only the aspiration of an air-material mixture, but in parallel, the aspiration of fresh air.
- This circulation of fresh air can advantageously be used to cool certain organs.
- the material ejection effect is increased by the overpressure produced by the compression fins, which reduces the rotational speed of the rotor from 5 to 700 revolutions / minute, obtaining the same suction effect as with a rotor rotating at 3000 revolutions / minute. This results in much less noise and less wear of the moving parts.
- the outside air flow can be advantageously used to cool the movement transmission members. The material comes into contact with the blades and it is ejected towards the periphery by the combination of centrifugal force and vacuum.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a first embodiment of the invention, which is a vertical section of a pump.
- a casing 1 Inside which rotates a rotor 2.
- the casing 1 is connected on the one hand to a material suction pipe 3, substantially in its central part, and on the other part, at its periphery, to a material evacuation pipe 4.
- the rotor 2 is mounted inside a chamber 5 defined by the casing 1, at the end of a drive shaft 6 supported by bearings 7, and driven by a pulley 8 itself connected by belts 9 to a drive pulley 10.
- the rotor consists of two discs 11 and 12, between which extend radial blades 13.
- these blades 13 are notched in their front part, so as to form a suction chamber 14, into which penetrates the end piece of the suction 3.
- the fins 15 protrude.
- the fins 15 release, in their central part, a zone 16 corresponding with a conduit 17 which includes, in the example shown, the bearings 7 and l transmission assembly 8, 9, 10.
- the suction of the air-material mixture through the pipe 3, is done in the direction of the arrow F1, as in the prior art, that is to say that the rotation of the pump creates a vacuum in the chamber 14, a vacuum which sucks the material, the latter being driven back under the influence of the centrifugal force, according to arrow F2 in the evacuation duct 4.
- the conduit 17 opening into the chamber 16 is connected to an outside air intake 18.
- the outside air is sucked in by the action of the fins 15 when the rotor 2 is rotated. This air undergoes an overpressure, and is evacuated in the evacuation duct 4.
- the direction of circulation of the compressed air is represented by the arrows F3 and F4, the mixture between the two flows occurring in the outlet pipe 4.
- the circulation of the air sampled at 18 in the pipe 17 makes it possible to ventilate the pulleys and belts, tensioners and bearings, which reduces the risks of rupture by heating.
- the number of blades 13 or fins 15 can vary depending on the desired power, from 2 to 6 for example.
- the rotor has two discs 11 and 12, but the invention can also be implemented with a single disc, as will be shown in the following examples.
- FIG. 2 shows a rotor made up of a single disc 11, mounted on a shaft 6, and having blades 13 and fins 15, the blades and fins assemblies being in one piece. They can also be bolted to the rotor.
- the fins 15 are radial fins having an increasing height from the center towards the periphery of the disc 11.
- the fresh air suction zone 16 is determined by the central parts of the fins 15.
- FIG. 3 we can see, through the discharge opening 4, the rotor 2 in partial view carrying, as in the example shown in FIG. 2, blades 13 and fins 15, on both sides. other of the disc 11.
- the zone 14 is arranged in the center of the blades 13, the zone 14 being as before, the suction zone, while the compression zone 16 is determined by the central part of the fins 15, the blades and the fins being integral in the example shown. But of course, the number of blades 13 and fins 15 may be different.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Rotary Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a pour objet une pompe d'aspiration destinée en particulier, mais non exclusivement, aux engins tractés et portés de ramassage, tels que des balayeuses, tondeuses à gazon, matériels d'entretien des voieries, etc...The present invention relates to a suction pump intended in particular, but not exclusively, for towed and carried pick-up machines, such as sweepers, lawn mowers, road maintenance equipment, etc.
Les engins de ce type sont de plus en plus utilisés. Ils comprennent des moyens de coupe et/ou de nettoyage reliés à un conduit d'aspiration. A l'autre extrémité du conduit d'aspiration, se trouve une pompe comprenant généralement un rotor tournant à l'intérieur d'une chambre ou carter, le carter étant lui-même relié à une canalisation d'évacuation dont la seconde extrémité débouche, soit à l'air libre, soit dans une trémie de collecte.This type of gear is used more and more. They include cutting and / or cleaning means connected to a suction duct. At the other end of the suction duct, there is a pump generally comprising a rotor rotating inside a chamber or casing, the casing itself being connected to a discharge pipe, the second end of which opens out, either in the open air or in a collection hopper.
Il est connu de constituer le rotor des pompes par un ou plusieurs disques tournant à grande vitesse autour d'un axe, des ailettes radiales étant montées sur l'un des disques du côté aspiration. Le disque est lui-même porté par un arbre moteur entraîné à grande vitesse, par un système multiplicateur-démultiplicateur mécaniquement relié à une prise de force de l'engin tracteur ou porteur. Une telle pompe est décrite dans FR-A 2 571 587. Dans ce brevet, est décrite une pompe dont les pales sont échancrées pour dégager un espace dans lequel pénètre l'embout de la canalisation d'aspiration. La matière aspirée est rejetée par la force centrifuge résultant de la rotation de la pompe. Cette force centrifuge crée une dépression à l'intérieur des ailettes, et renvoie ainsi la matière dans le conduit d'évacuation. La matière aspirée peut être, par exemple, de l'herbe coupée, des feuilles mortes, des graviers ou petits cailloux, ou tout détritus se trouvant sur la voie publique. Mais, le mode de fonctionnement de cette pompe requiert que le rotor tourne à une très grande vitesse.It is known to constitute the pump rotor by one or more discs rotating at high speed around an axis, radial fins being mounted on one of the discs on the suction side. The disc is itself carried by a motor shaft driven at high speed, by a multiplier-multiplier system mechanically connected to a PTO of the tractor or carrier. Such a pump is described in FR-A 2,571,587. In this patent, a pump is described, the blades of which are notched to release a space into which the end piece of the suction pipe enters. The sucked material is rejected by the centrifugal force resulting from the rotation of the pump. This centrifugal force creates a vacuum inside the fins, and thus sends the material back into the exhaust duct. The material sucked can be, for example, cut grass, dead leaves, gravel or small pebbles, or any litter on the public highway. However, the mode of operation of this pump requires that the rotor rotate at a very high speed.
On connaît par FR-A-884 320 une roue de soufflerie à double face qui a pour but de réaliser un mélange de gaz.FR-A-884 320 discloses a double-sided blower wheel which aims to produce a mixture of gases.
EP-A-0 227 021 concerne un transporteur pneumatique présentant des orifices de prise d'air sur ses faces avant et arrière. Des ailettes supplémentaires de ventilation sont disposées entre deux disques. Mais la turbine décrite ne déchiquète pas les matières et les pales n'assurent pas une fonction d'éjection mécanique centrifuge de la matière. Dans ce document, le transport de la matière s'effectue uniquement par voie pneumatique sans contact avec le rotor et des bourrages sont à craindre avec les produits fibreux.EP-A-0 227 021 relates to a pneumatic conveyor having air intake orifices on its front and rear faces. Additional ventilation fins are arranged between two discs. However, the turbine described does not shred the materials and the blades do not provide a centrifugal mechanical ejection of the material. In this document, the material is transported only pneumatically without contact with the rotor and jams are to be feared with the fibrous products.
La présente invention a pour objet une pompe d'aspiration dont le rotor peut tourner à une vitesse moindre que les rotors des pompes connues, et dans laquelle se produit, simultanément à l'effet d'aspiration, un effet de compression, de sorte que la matière aspirée soit éjectée dans le conduit d'évacuation sur une sorte de coussin d'air.The subject of the present invention is a suction pump whose rotor can rotate at a lower speed than the rotors of known pumps, and in which a compression effect occurs simultaneously with the suction effect, so that the sucked material is ejected into the exhaust duct on a kind of air cushion.
Selon la présente invention, la pompe d'aspiration comprenant, à l'intérieur d'un carter relié à une canalisation d'aspiration d'une part, et à une canalisation d'évacuation d'autre part, un arbre sur lequel est monté au moins un disque portant, du côté du conduit d'aspiration et, perpendiculairement à l'axe de ce conduit, des pales sensiblement radiales, échancrées pour permettre l'introduction de l'embout de la canalisation d'aspiration, est caractérisée en ce que, du côté évacuation, le disque porte un second jeu d'ailettes, le côté extérieur du disque étant lié à une source d'aspiration d'air.According to the present invention, the suction pump comprising, inside a casing connected to a suction pipe on the one hand, and to an evacuation pipe on the other hand, a shaft on which is mounted at least one disc carrying, on the side of the suction pipe and, perpendicular to the axis of this pipe, substantially radial blades, notched to allow the insertion of the end piece of the suction pipe, is characterized in that that, on the discharge side, the disc carries a second set of fins, the outer side of the disc being linked to a source of air suction.
Ainsi, la rotation du rotor provoque, non seulement l'aspiration d'un mélange air-matière, mais en parallèle, l'aspiration d'air frais. Cette circulation d'air frais peut avantageusement être utilisée pour refroidir certains organes. L'effet d'éjection de la matière est accru par la surpression produite par les ailettes de compression, ce qui permet de réduire la vitesse de rotation du rotor de 5 à 700 tours/minute, en obtenant le même effet d'aspiration qu'avec un rotor tournant à 3000 tours/minute. Il en résulte un bruit beaucoup moins important et moins d'usure des pièces en mouvement. Par ailleurs, le flux d'air extérieur peut être avantageusement utilisé pour refroidir les organes de transmission de mouvement. La matière vient en contact avec les pales et elle est éjectée vers la périphérie par la combinaison de la force centrifuge et la dépression.Thus, the rotation of the rotor causes not only the aspiration of an air-material mixture, but in parallel, the aspiration of fresh air. This circulation of fresh air can advantageously be used to cool certain organs. The material ejection effect is increased by the overpressure produced by the compression fins, which reduces the rotational speed of the rotor from 5 to 700 revolutions / minute, obtaining the same suction effect as with a rotor rotating at 3000 revolutions / minute. This results in much less noise and less wear of the moving parts. Furthermore, the outside air flow can be advantageously used to cool the movement transmission members. The material comes into contact with the blades and it is ejected towards the periphery by the combination of centrifugal force and vacuum.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en regard des dessins qui représentent :
- - la figure 1, une vue schématique d'une pompe selon l'invention ;
- - la figure 2, une vue d'un rotor particulier ;
- - la figure 3, une vue partielle du rotor à travers l'ouverture d'évacuation ;
- - la figure 4, une vue extérieure du carter et de la prise d'air frais de la pompe.
- - Figure 1, a schematic view of a pump according to the invention;
- - Figure 2, a view of a particular rotor;
- - Figure 3, a partial view of the rotor through the discharge opening;
- - Figure 4, an external view of the housing and the fresh air intake of the pump.
Sur la figure 1, est représenté un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, qui est une coupe verticale d'une pompe. Sur l'engin, est monté un carter 1 à l'intérieur duquel tourne un rotor 2. Le carter 1 est relié d'une part à un conduit d'aspiration de la matière 3, sensiblement dans sa partie centrale, et d'autre part, à sa périphérie, à un conduit d'évacuation de la matière 4.In Figure 1, there is shown a first embodiment of the invention, which is a vertical section of a pump. On the machine, is mounted a casing 1 inside which rotates a rotor 2. The casing 1 is connected on the one hand to a material suction pipe 3, substantially in its central part, and on the other part, at its periphery, to a
Le rotor 2 est monté à l'intérieur d'une chambre 5 définie par le carter 1, en bout d'un arbre d'entraînement 6 supporté par des paliers 7, et entraîné par une poulie 8 elle-même reliée par des courroies 9 à une poulie motrice 10. Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, le rotor est constitué de deux disques 11 et 12, entre lesquels s'étendent des pales radiales 13. De préférence, ces pales 13 sont échancrées dans leur partie avant, de manière à former une chambre 14 d'aspiration, dans laquelle pénètre l'embout de la canalisation d'aspiration 3.The rotor 2 is mounted inside a chamber 5 defined by the casing 1, at the end of a
Du côté opposé aux pales 13 par rapport au disque 11, font saillie des ailettes 15. Les ailettes 15 dégagent, dans leur partie centrale, une zone 16 correspondant avec un conduit 17 qui inclût, dans l'exemple représenté, les paliers 7 et l'ensemble de transmission 8, 9, 10. L'aspiration du mélange air-matière par la canalisation 3, se fait selon la direction de la flèche F1, comme dans la technique antérieure, c'est-à-dire que la rotation de la pompe crée une dépression dans la chambre 14, dépression qui aspire la matière, celle-ci étant refoulée sous l'influence de la force centrifuge, selon la flèche F2 dans le conduit d'évacuation 4.On the side opposite the
Mais, conformément à l'invention, le conduit 17 débouchant dans la chambre 16, est relié à une prise d'air extérieur 18. L'air extérieur est aspiré par l'action des ailettes 15 lorsque le rotor 2 est entraîné en rotation. Cet air subit une surpression, et est évacué dans le conduit d'évacuation 4. Le sens de circulation de l'air comprimé est représenté par les flèches F3 et F4, le mélange entre les deux flux se produisant dans la canalisation de sortie 4. Comme indiqué précédemment, la circulation de l'air prélevé en 18 dans la canalisation 17, permet de ventiler les poulies et courroies, tendeurs et paliers, ce qui réduit les risques de rupture par échauffement.However, in accordance with the invention, the
Le nombre de pales 13 ou d'ailettes 15 peut varier en fonction de la puissance désirée, de 2 à 6 par exemple. Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, le rotor comporte deux disques 11 et 12, mais l'invention peut être mise en oeuvre également avec un seul disque, comme celà sera représenté dans les exemples suivants.The number of
La figure 2 représente un rotor constitué d'un seul disque 11, monté sur un arbre 6, et présentant des pales 13 et des ailettes 15, les ensembles pales et ailettes étant monoblocs. Elles peuvent également être boulonnées sur le rotor. Comme cela apparaît sur la figure, les ailettes 15 sont des ailettes radiales présentant une hauteur croissante du centre vers la périphérie du disque 11. La zone d'aspiration de l'air frais 16, est déterminée par les parties centrales des ailettes 15.FIG. 2 shows a rotor made up of a
Sur la figure 3, on distingue, à travers l'ouverture 4 d'évacuation, le rotor 2 en vue partielle portant, comme dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 2, des pales 13 et des ailettes 15, de part et d'autre du disque 11. La zone 14 est disposée au centre des pales 13, la zone 14 étant comme précédemment, la zone d'aspiration, alors que la zone de compression 16 est déterminée par la partie centrale des ailettes 15, les pales et les ailettes étant monoblocs dans l'exemple représenté. Mais bien entendu, le nombre de pales 13 et d'ailettes 15 peut être différent.In FIG. 3, we can see, through the
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8902014A FR2643118B1 (en) | 1989-02-16 | 1989-02-16 | SUCTION PUMP |
FR8902014 | 1989-02-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0383694A1 true EP0383694A1 (en) | 1990-08-22 |
EP0383694B1 EP0383694B1 (en) | 1994-05-04 |
Family
ID=9378835
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19900400430 Expired - Lifetime EP0383694B1 (en) | 1989-02-16 | 1990-02-16 | Suction pump |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0383694B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69008574T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2643118B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102022376A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-04-20 | 聂伟 | Suction fan impeller of mower |
EP2431528A1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-21 | Cochet | Machine for collecting waste by suction, with turbine decoupling |
EP3623635A1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-18 | Technische Universität Dresden | Conveyor for chips and other bulk goods |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3892862A1 (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2021-10-13 | punker GmbH | Ventilator wheel |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE436157A (en) * | ||||
FR884320A (en) * | 1941-10-25 | 1943-08-10 | Scintilla Sa | Process for manufacturing a blower wheel and wheel obtained by this process |
GB570820A (en) * | 1944-01-24 | 1945-07-24 | Colliery Engineering Ltd | Improvements relating to belt-driven cased screw fans |
DE1204138B (en) * | 1961-08-29 | 1965-10-28 | Heinrich Willy Meierling Dipl | Motor-driven blower for loose, long-fiber material with a double-acting impeller |
FR2571587A1 (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1986-04-18 | Garnot Guy | Lawn vacuum cleaner |
EP0227021A1 (en) * | 1985-12-17 | 1987-07-01 | Mathias Hirlinger | Pneumatic conveyor provided with a blower for conveying bulk material, especially hay, straw or other agricultural goods |
-
1989
- 1989-02-16 FR FR8902014A patent/FR2643118B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-02-16 EP EP19900400430 patent/EP0383694B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-16 DE DE1990608574 patent/DE69008574T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE436157A (en) * | ||||
FR884320A (en) * | 1941-10-25 | 1943-08-10 | Scintilla Sa | Process for manufacturing a blower wheel and wheel obtained by this process |
GB570820A (en) * | 1944-01-24 | 1945-07-24 | Colliery Engineering Ltd | Improvements relating to belt-driven cased screw fans |
DE1204138B (en) * | 1961-08-29 | 1965-10-28 | Heinrich Willy Meierling Dipl | Motor-driven blower for loose, long-fiber material with a double-acting impeller |
FR2571587A1 (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1986-04-18 | Garnot Guy | Lawn vacuum cleaner |
EP0227021A1 (en) * | 1985-12-17 | 1987-07-01 | Mathias Hirlinger | Pneumatic conveyor provided with a blower for conveying bulk material, especially hay, straw or other agricultural goods |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2431528A1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-21 | Cochet | Machine for collecting waste by suction, with turbine decoupling |
FR2964988A1 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-23 | Cochet | VACUUM PICK-UP COLLECTION MACHINE WITH TURBINE DISCHARGE |
CN102022376A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-04-20 | 聂伟 | Suction fan impeller of mower |
CN102022376B (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2012-08-15 | 聂伟 | Suction fan impeller of mower |
EP3623635A1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-18 | Technische Universität Dresden | Conveyor for chips and other bulk goods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2643118A1 (en) | 1990-08-17 |
DE69008574T2 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
DE69008574D1 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
FR2643118B1 (en) | 1994-04-01 |
EP0383694B1 (en) | 1994-05-04 |
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