EP0381569B1 - Cereal dryer and use of same in drying different types of cereals - Google Patents

Cereal dryer and use of same in drying different types of cereals Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0381569B1
EP0381569B1 EP90400241A EP90400241A EP0381569B1 EP 0381569 B1 EP0381569 B1 EP 0381569B1 EP 90400241 A EP90400241 A EP 90400241A EP 90400241 A EP90400241 A EP 90400241A EP 0381569 B1 EP0381569 B1 EP 0381569B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
column
compartment
chamber
hot air
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EP90400241A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0381569A1 (en
Inventor
Claude Ghys
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COMIA-FAO SA
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COMIA-FAO SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • F26B17/14—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
    • F26B17/1408—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the gas being supplied and optionally extracted through ducts extending into the moving stack of material
    • F26B17/1416—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the gas being supplied and optionally extracted through ducts extending into the moving stack of material the ducts being half open or perforated and arranged horizontally

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cereal dryer able to be used for drying cereals of different types.
  • the invention also relates to the use of this dryer for drying various cereals.
  • vertical driers are usually used, supplied with grain from above and in which the grain flows in mass, by gravity, and is crossed by a flow of hot air which rises in the drier, according to the technique of cross currents.
  • the drying column proper can be constituted by an enclosure comprising parallel walls having orifices for supplying hot air from lateral boxes, a gutter-shaped sheath the concavity of which faces downwards being associated with each orifice and extending to the opposite wall, on which it is fixed.
  • the hot air admitted to one end of these sheaths therefore escapes laterally over the entire length of these, while, simultaneously, the grain, which flows by gravity, meets these sheaths, which slow its progression and it impose changes of direction, so as to achieve a real mixing, conducive to uniform drying.
  • driers with two drying zones called “energy-saving" driers
  • the present invention is concerned with and it aims more particularly to propose a drier for cereals of this general type, which can be adapted in a simple and free way to the drying of cereals of different kinds, such as light seeds (wheat, rapeseed, oats, barley, sunflower or others) or heavier seeds (corn, peas) with variable humidity levels.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a dryer of this type equipped with means making it possible to regulate in a simple manner the temperature of the different zones of the drying column in which the grain flows by gravity from top to bottom.
  • the means for entraining the used air through the recirculation ducts towards the base of the hot air box will preferably comprise a fan arranged at the base of the hot air compartment at a level such that it can simultaneously drive cold air crossing the base of the column and the used air passing through the recirculation ducts.
  • a system of partitions and movable shutters will be provided inside the hot air compartment in order to regulate the flow of cold air and possibly of used air which is mixed with hot air, and to adjust the temperature and the flow rate of the drying air supplying respectively the upper part and the lower part of the column.
  • temperature measurement probes will preferably be provided in different locations of the boxes and possibly of the column, in order to be able to adjust, preferably by a servo system, the position of the movable flap (s) arranged in the compartment d 'hot air.
  • the dryer shown in the drawings is of a type known per se. It includes a vertical drying column, 1, at the top of which is arranged a enclosure 2 for storing wet cereals, while at its base is provided an enclosure 3 for recovering dried cereals.
  • the grain flows by gravity from the enclosure 2 to the enclosure 3, encountering on its path drying sheaths 4, arranged transversely on the path of the cereals, thereby causing successive changes in the direction of the grain, so that 'it dries homogeneously.
  • a box of hot air 5 communicating at its base with the atmosphere through an opening 6 and comprising a burner 7 which heats the air entering through this opening.
  • the ducts 4 open into the hot air box through openings 26 (see Figures 3 and 4) while similar openings are provided in the opposite wall of the column 1, to put it in communication with a side box 8 of worn air.
  • This box 8 communicates at its upper part with the atmosphere through an opening 9, provided with shutters 10 for adjusting the flow rate and equipped with a fan 11.
  • a cold air box 12 Below the used air box 8 is a cold air box 12, separated from the box 8 by a sealed floor 13 and provided with an atmospheric air inlet 14.
  • ducts 15 for cooling the cereals arranged transversely to the base of the column, open through an opening in the cold air box 12 and communicate at their other end with a compartment 16 of the hot air box 5.
  • the air atmospheric introduced through the opening 14 thus passes through the base of the column 1 by cooling the dried cereals which are present, and it heats itself in contact with the cereals before entering the compartment 16 of the hot air box 5.
  • the hot air from this box crosses the column 2, escaping laterally from the ducts 4, thus ensuring the drying of the cereals and taking charge of humidity. He escapes then through the opposite wall in the spent air box 8, from which it is discharged to the atmosphere through the opening 9 and the fan 11.
  • a mobile waterproof floor 17 can be placed in various positions in the intermediate box 8 to divide it into two compartments which do not communicate with each other.
  • the floor 17 can, in a first position, be brought substantially to the base of the waste air compartment 8, above the fixed floor 13, to release the entire volume of the compartment 8.
  • the movable floor 17 is disposed immediately above recirculation ducts 28, which open into the compartment 8 above the floor 13 and which communicate with the compartment 16 through openings 29 in the wall of the column 1
  • movable flaps 18 are arranged inside the compartment 16 for adjusting the air flow and the compartment 16 communicates, by means of a fan 19, with a chimney 20 of the hot air compartment 5.
  • the chimneys 21 and 22 can communicate with each other at their upper end, but a movable shutter 25 for adjusting the flow is provided at the upper part of the chimney 20 to adjust the fraction of air flow entering directly into the chimney 23 and possibly to suppress any communication between the chimneys 20 and 23 (position shown in FIG. 1). Likewise, a movable shutter 26 for adjusting the flow rate is provided at the inlet of the chimney 23, for adjusting the relative flow rates of hot air entering the chimney 23 or supplying the upper part of the column 1.
  • the floor 17 can also be arranged at mid-height in the used air box 8, to divide this box into an upper compartment 8 a and into a lower compartment 8 b , which communicates via recirculation ducts 28 with compartment 16.
  • This position is that used for drying heavy cereals with high humidity, such as corn.
  • the fan 19 is actuated to force a recirculation of the waste air fraction which passes through the compartment 8b in the direction of the compartment 16, to recycle it to the chimney 20 and mix it with the hot gases coming from the burner 7, with a view to supplying the chimney 23 and the upper part of the column 1.
  • the flap 25 is open and makes it possible to adjust the proportions of heated recycled air which it is desired to direct towards the upper part and towards the lower part of the column.
  • the flap 26 makes it possible to adjust the flow of hot air supplying these two parts of the column.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The dryer is characterised in that there is provided inside the casing (8) for used air a movable gastight floor (17) which is capable of being brought into a plurality of positions inside this compartment in order to divide it into two compartments, one lower (8b), one higher (8a), separated in a tight manner, in that there are arranged transversely at the base of the column (1) above the zone connecting the casing for cold air and the casing for hot air recycling ducts (28) which communicate via openings with the base of the compartment (8) for used air and with the compartment (5) for hot air, and in that there are provided controlled means, such as fans (19), which are capable of drawing the used air from the lower part of the compartment (8) for used air, through the recycling ducts (28), to the casing (5) for hot air. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un séchoir pour céréales apte à être utilisé pour le séchage de céréales de types différents. L'invention concerne aussi l'utilisation de ce séchoir pour le séchage de diverses céréales.The present invention relates to a cereal dryer able to be used for drying cereals of different types. The invention also relates to the use of this dryer for drying various cereals.

On sait que la plupart des céréales contiennent, lors de leur récolte, une quantité d'eau importante, la teneur en humidité pouvant atteindre jusqu'à 35% en poids. En vue d'une bonne conservation, elles doivent donc être séchées, préalablement à leur stockage.It is known that most cereals contain a large amount of water when harvested, with a moisture content of up to 35% by weight. For good conservation, they must therefore be dried, prior to their storage.

Dans ce but, on utilise habituellement des séchoirs verticaux, alimentés en céréales par le haut et dans lesquels le grain s'écoule en masse, par gravité, et est traversé par un flux d'air chaud qui s'élève dans le séchoir, selon la technique des courants croisés.For this purpose, vertical driers are usually used, supplied with grain from above and in which the grain flows in mass, by gravity, and is crossed by a flow of hot air which rises in the drier, according to the technique of cross currents.

Comme décrit dans les documents FR-A- 2 475 350 et 2 476 820 au nom de la Demanderesse, la colonne de séchage proprement dite peut être constituée par une enceinte comprenant des parois parallèles présentant des orifices d'alimentation en air chaud à partir de caissons latéraux, une gaine en forme de gouttière dont la concavité est tournée vers le bas étant associée à chaque orifice et s'étendant jusqu'à la paroi opposée, sur laquelle elle est fixée. L'air chaud admis à une extrémité de ces gaines s'échappe donc latéralement sur toute la longueur de celles-ci, tandis que, simultanément, le grain, qui s'écoule par gravité, rencontre ces gaines, qui freinent sa progression et lui imposent des changements de direction, de manière à réaliser un véritable brassage, propice à un séchage homogène.As described in documents FR-A-2 475 350 and 2 476 820 in the name of the Applicant, the drying column proper can be constituted by an enclosure comprising parallel walls having orifices for supplying hot air from lateral boxes, a gutter-shaped sheath the concavity of which faces downwards being associated with each orifice and extending to the opposite wall, on which it is fixed. The hot air admitted to one end of these sheaths therefore escapes laterally over the entire length of these, while, simultaneously, the grain, which flows by gravity, meets these sheaths, which slow its progression and it impose changes of direction, so as to achieve a real mixing, conducive to uniform drying.

Dans le document FR-A- 2 476 820, est a décrit un séchoir à colonne de séchage de ce type, qui comprend un premier caisson, alimenté en air chaud à partir d'un générateur, à l'aide d'un dispositif de chauffage d'air dit "réchauffeur", ce premier caisson étant disposé latéralement à la base d'une paroi de la colonne de séchage, un caisson d'échappement d'air, disposé latéralement à la partie supérieure de cette même paroi et connecté à un ventilateur, qui évacue l'air usé et assure la circulation de l'air de séchage, et un caisson intermédiaire disposé latéralement par rapport à une paroi opposée parallèle de la colonne de séchage. L'air provenant du caisson d'air chaud traverse ainsi la base de la colonne de séchage jusqu'au caisson intermédiaire dans lequel il s'élève, pour traverser ensuite la partie supérieure de la colonne jusqu'au caisson d'échappement d'air. De l'air frais ou recyclé est admis à la partie inférieure de la colonne, tandis que de l'air chaud provenant du générateur peut alimenter directement le caisson intermédiaire. La colonne de séchage présente ainsi deux zones distinctes de séchage :

  • l'une à haute température (de 140 à 155°C), à sa partie haute pour sécher le grain humide qui commence sa progression dans le séchoir ;
  • l'autre à moyenne température (85 à 100°C), à la partie inférieure de la colonne, afin de compléter le séchage du grain préséché à la partie haute.
In document FR-A-2 476 820, a dryer with a drying column of this type is described, which comprises a first box, supplied with hot air from a generator, using a device for air heating called "heater", this first box being disposed laterally at the base of a wall of the drying column, an air exhaust box, disposed laterally at the upper part of this same wall and connected to a fan, which evacuates the used air and ensures the drying air circulation, and an intermediate box disposed laterally with respect to an opposite parallel wall of the drying column. The air from the hot air box thus crosses the base of the drying column to the intermediate box in which it rises, then crosses the upper part of the column to the air exhaust box . Fresh or recycled air is admitted to the lower part of the column, while hot air from the generator can directly supply the intermediate box. The drying column thus has two separate drying zones:
  • one at high temperature (140 to 155 ° C), at its upper part to dry the wet grain which begins its progression in the dryer;
  • the other at medium temperature (85 to 100 ° C), at the bottom of the column, in order to complete the drying of the grain pre-dried at the top.

C'est à ce type de séchoirs à deux zones de séchage, dits séchoirs "économiseurs d'énergie", que s'intéresse la présente invention et elle vise plus particulièrement à proposer un séchoir pour céréales de ce type général, qui puisse être adapté de façon simple et sans frais au séchage de céréales de genres différents, telles que des graines légères (blé, colza, avoine, orge, tournesol ou autres) ou des graines plus lourdes (maïs, pois) ayant des taux d'humidité variables.It is this type of driers with two drying zones, called "energy-saving" driers, that the present invention is concerned with and it aims more particularly to propose a drier for cereals of this general type, which can be adapted in a simple and free way to the drying of cereals of different kinds, such as light seeds (wheat, rapeseed, oats, barley, sunflower or others) or heavier seeds (corn, peas) with variable humidity levels.

L'invention a également pour but de proposer un séchoir de ce type équipé de moyens permettant de régler de façon simple la température des différentes zones de la colonne de séchage dans laquelle le grain s'écoule par gravité de haut en bas.Another object of the invention is to propose a dryer of this type equipped with means making it possible to regulate in a simple manner the temperature of the different zones of the drying column in which the grain flows by gravity from top to bottom.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un séchoir pour céréales du type comprenant :

  • une colonne verticale de séchage, dans laquelle les céréales à sécher descendent par gravité depuis une enceinte de stockage des céréales humides, disposée au sommet de la colonne, jusqu'à une enceinte de récupération des céréales séches, disposée à la base de cette colonne;
  • un premier caisson, ou caisson d'air froid muni d'une entrée d'air atmosphérique, disposé latéralement par rapport à une paroi de ladite colonne à la base de celle-ci ;
  • un second caisson, ou caisson d'air usé, muni à sa partie supérieure d'un orifice d'évacuation d'air, équipé de préférence d'un ventilateur, ce second caisson étant disposé du même côté de la colonne de séchage au-dessus du caisson d'air froid et étant séparé de celui-ci par un plancher étanche aux gaz ;
  • un troisième caisson ou caisson d'air chaud, disposé latéralement par rapport à une paroi de la colonne opposée à la paroi associée au premièr et au deuxième caissons, ce troisième caisson étant muni d'une entrée d'air atmosphérique et étant pourvu d'un moyen de chauffage de cet air tel qu'un brûleur ;
  • des gaines, disposées transversalement dans la colonne de séchage entre le caisson d'air chaud et les caissons d'air froid et d'air usé, des ouvertures étant ménagées dans les parois associées de la colonne aux extrémités de ces gaines pour les faire communiquer avec les caissons contigus ;
       ce séchoir étant caractérisé en ce qu'à l'intérieur du caisson d'air usé est prévu un plancher amovible étanche aux gaz, apte à être amené en une pluralité de positions à l'intérieur de ce compartiment pour le diviser en deux compartiments, l'un inférieur, l'autre supérieur, séparés de façon étanche, en ce qu'à la base de la colonne, au-dessus de la zone réunissant le caisson d'air froid et le caisson d'air chaud sont disposées transversalement des gaines de recirculation communiquant par des ouvertures avec la base du compartiment d'air usé et avec le compartiment d'air chaud, et en ce que sont prévus des moyens commandés tels que des ventilateurs, aptes à entraîner l'air usé de la partie inférieure du compartiment d'air usé, à travers les gaines de recirculation, vers le caisson d'air chaud.
To this end, the subject of the invention is a dryer for cereals of the type comprising:
  • a vertical drying column, in which the cereals to be dried descend by gravity from a storage enclosure for wet cereals, arranged at the top of the column, to a recovery enclosure for dried cereals, arranged at the base of this column;
  • a first box, or cold air box provided with an atmospheric air inlet, arranged laterally with respect to a wall of said column at the base thereof;
  • a second box, or used air box, provided at its upper part with an air exhaust orifice, preferably equipped with a fan, this second box being arranged on the same side of the drying column above the cold air box and being separated from it by a gas-tight floor;
  • a third box or hot air box, arranged laterally with respect to a wall of the column opposite to the wall associated with the first and second boxes, this third box being provided with an atmospheric air inlet and being provided with means for heating this air such as a burner;
  • ducts, arranged transversely in the drying column between the hot air box and the cold air and waste air boxes, openings being formed in the associated walls of the column at the ends of these ducts to make them communicate with adjoining boxes;
    this dryer being characterized in that a removable gas-tight floor is provided inside the used air box, capable of being brought into a plurality of positions inside this compartment to divide it into two compartments, one lower, the other upper, separated in a sealed manner, in that at the base of the column, above the zone joining the cold air box and the hot air box are arranged transversely recirculation ducts communicating through openings with the base of the waste air compartment and with the hot air compartment, and in that are provided controlled means such as fans, capable of entraining the used air from the lower part of the used air compartment, through the recirculation ducts, towards the hot air box.

Il est ainsi possible d'utiliser le séchoir pour traiter des céréales de type très différent :

  • avec le plancher amovible du caisson d'air usé disposé en position basse dans celui-ci, le séchoir fonctionnera comme un séchoir normal, l'air chaud ne traversant qu'une fois la colonne en direction du compartiment d'air usé, d'où il sera évacué vers l'atmosphère; dans cette configuration, le séchoir pourra être utilisé pour le séchage des céréales d'été ou graines légères telles que le blé, le colza, l'orge ou le tournesol ;
  • avec le plancher amovible du caisson d'air usé disposé à mi-hauteur dans celui-ci et en actionnant les moyens d'entraînement de l'air usé à travers les gaines de recirculation vers le compartiment d'air chaud, une fraction de l'air chaud traversera la partie haute de la colonne, où les céréales commencent à sécher, et il aboutira dans le compartiment supérieur du caisson d'air usé, d'où il sera évacué vers l'extérieur, tandis qu'une autre fraction de l'air chaud traversera la partie basse de la colonne, où les céréales finissent de sécher, et aboutira au compartiment inférieur du caisson d'air usé, d'où il sera recyclé vers le compartiment d'air chaud ; dans cette configuration, le séchoir pourra être utilisé pour le séchage de céréales plus lourdes que les précédentes telles que le maïs ou les pois.
It is thus possible to use the dryer to treat cereals of very different types:
  • with the removable floor of the used air box placed in the low position therein, the dryer will operate like a normal dryer, the hot air passing through the column only once in the direction of the used air compartment, where it will be evacuated to the atmosphere; in this configuration, the dryer can be used for drying summer cereals or light seeds such as wheat, rapeseed, barley or sunflower;
  • with the removable floor of the used air box placed halfway up therein and by actuating the means for driving the used air through the recirculation ducts to the hot air compartment, a fraction of l hot air will pass through the upper part of the column, where the cereals begin to dry, and it will end up in the upper compartment of the spent air box, from where it will be exhausted to the outside, while another fraction of the hot air will pass through the lower part of the column, where the cereals finish drying, and will lead to the lower compartment of the spent air box, from where it will be recycled to the hot air compartment; in this configuration, the dryer can be used for drying heavier cereals than the previous ones such as corn or peas.

L'utilisation du séchoir dans ces conditions, pour le séchage de ces divers types de céréales, constitue un autre objet de l'invention.The use of the dryer under these conditions, for drying these various types of cereals, constitutes another object of the invention.

Le moyen d'entraînement de l'air usé à travers les gaines de recirculation vers la base du caisson d'air chaud comprendra de préférence un ventilateur disposé à la base du compartiment d'air chaud à un niveau tel qu'il puisse entraîner simultanément l'air froid traversant la base de la colonne et l'air usé traversant les gaines de recirculation.The means for entraining the used air through the recirculation ducts towards the base of the hot air box will preferably comprise a fan arranged at the base of the hot air compartment at a level such that it can simultaneously drive cold air crossing the base of the column and the used air passing through the recirculation ducts.

Avantageusement, un système de cloisons et de volets mobiles sera prévu à l'intérieur du compartiment d'air chaud en vue de régler le débit d'air froid et éventuellement d'air usé que l'on mélange à l'air chaud, et d'ajuster la température et le débit de l'air de séchage alimentant respectivement la partie haute et la partie basse de la colonne.Advantageously, a system of partitions and movable shutters will be provided inside the hot air compartment in order to regulate the flow of cold air and possibly of used air which is mixed with hot air, and to adjust the temperature and the flow rate of the drying air supplying respectively the upper part and the lower part of the column.

Naturellement, des sondes de mesure de la température seront de préférence prévues en différents emplacements des caissons et éventuellement de la colonne, afin de pouvoir ajuster, de préférence par un système d'asservissement, la position du ou des volets mobiles disposés dans le compartiment d'air chaud.Naturally, temperature measurement probes will preferably be provided in different locations of the boxes and possibly of the column, in order to be able to adjust, preferably by a servo system, the position of the movable flap (s) arranged in the compartment d 'hot air.

Il est clair que le changement de position du plancher amovible dans le caisson intermédiaire pourra être effectué facilement et sans frais par l'utilisateur lui-même, ce qui permettra d'utiliser le séchoir pour des applications diverses. Ceci représente un avantage très important pour les séchoirs de petites dimensions utilisés par des fermiers.It is clear that the change of position of the removable floor in the intermediate box can be carried out easily and at no cost by the user himself, which will allow the dryer to be used for various applications. This is a very important advantage for small dryers used by farmers.

Les dessins schématiques annexés illustrent une forme de mise en oeuvre de l'invention. Sur ces dessins :

  • La figure 1 est un schéma en élévation du séchoir, avec le plancher mobile disposé à la base du caisson d'air usé ;
  • La figure 2 est un schéma analogue, avec le plancher mobile disposé à mi-hauteur dans le caisson d'air usé ;
  • La figure 3 est un schéma de la paroi verticale de la colonne de séchage contiguë au caisson d'air chaud, montrant la position des ouvertures associées aux différentes gaines de la colonne;
  • La figure 4 est une vue en perspective avec arrachement du séchoir dans la position de la figure 2.
The appended schematic drawings illustrate a form of implementation of the invention. In these drawings:
  • Figure 1 is an elevational diagram of the dryer, with the movable floor disposed at the base of the spent air box;
  • Figure 2 is a similar diagram, with the movable floor disposed at mid-height in the waste air box;
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of the vertical wall of the drying column contiguous to the hot air box, showing the position of the openings associated with the different ducts of the column;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view with cutaway of the dryer in the position of FIG. 2.

Le séchoir représenté sur les dessins est d'un type connu en soi. Il comprend une colonne verticale de séchage, 1, au sommet de laquelle est disposée une enceinte 2 de stockage des céréales humides, tandis qu'à sa base est prévue une enceinte 3 de récupération des céréales séchées. Le grain s'écoule par gravité de l'enceinte 2 à l'enceinte 3, en rencontrant sur son trajet des gaines de séchage 4, disposées transversalement sur le trajet des céréales, en provoquant ainsi des changements successifs de direction du grain, afin qu'il séche de façon homogène.The dryer shown in the drawings is of a type known per se. It includes a vertical drying column, 1, at the top of which is arranged a enclosure 2 for storing wet cereals, while at its base is provided an enclosure 3 for recovering dried cereals. The grain flows by gravity from the enclosure 2 to the enclosure 3, encountering on its path drying sheaths 4, arranged transversely on the path of the cereals, thereby causing successive changes in the direction of the grain, so that 'it dries homogeneously.

Le long d'une paroi verticale de la colonne 1 et sensiblement suivant toute la hauteur de celle-ci est disposé latéralement un caisson d'air chaud 5, communiquant à sa base avec l'atmosphère par une ouverture 6 et comprenant un brûleur 7 qui réchauffe l'air entrant par cette ouverture. Les gaines 4 débouchent dans le caisson d'air chaud par des ouvertures 26 (voir figures 3 et 4) tandis que les ouvertures analogues sont prévues dans la paroi opposée de la colonne 1, pour la mettre en communication avec un caisson latéral 8 d'air usé. Ce caisson 8 communique à sa partie supérieure avec l'atmosphère par une ouverture 9, munie de volets 10 de réglage du débit et équipée d'un ventilateur 11.Along a vertical wall of the column 1 and substantially along the entire height thereof is disposed laterally a box of hot air 5, communicating at its base with the atmosphere through an opening 6 and comprising a burner 7 which heats the air entering through this opening. The ducts 4 open into the hot air box through openings 26 (see Figures 3 and 4) while similar openings are provided in the opposite wall of the column 1, to put it in communication with a side box 8 of worn air. This box 8 communicates at its upper part with the atmosphere through an opening 9, provided with shutters 10 for adjusting the flow rate and equipped with a fan 11.

Au-dessous du caisson d'air usé 8 est disposé un caisson d'air froid 12, séparé du caisson 8 par un plancher 13 étanche et muni d'une entrée d'air atmosphérique 14.Below the used air box 8 is a cold air box 12, separated from the box 8 by a sealed floor 13 and provided with an atmospheric air inlet 14.

des gaines 15 de refroidissement des céréales, disposées transversalement à la base de la colonne, débouchent par une ouverture dans le caisson d'air froid 12 et communiquent à leur autre extrémité avec un compartiment 16 du caisson d'air chaud 5. L'air atmosphérique introduit par l'ouverture 14 traverse ainsi la base de la colonne 1 en refroidissant les céréales séches qui sont présentes, et il se réchauffe lui-même au contact des céréales avant de pénétrer dans le compartiment 16 du caisson d'air chaud 5. L'air chaud de ce caisson traverse la colonne 2 en s'échappant latéralement des gaines 4, en assurant ainsi le séchage des céréales et en se chargeant d'humidité. Il s'échappe ensuite par la paroi opposée dans le caisson d'air usé 8, d'où il est évacué à l'atmosphère par l'ouverture 9 et le ventilateur 11.ducts 15 for cooling the cereals, arranged transversely to the base of the column, open through an opening in the cold air box 12 and communicate at their other end with a compartment 16 of the hot air box 5. The air atmospheric introduced through the opening 14 thus passes through the base of the column 1 by cooling the dried cereals which are present, and it heats itself in contact with the cereals before entering the compartment 16 of the hot air box 5. The hot air from this box crosses the column 2, escaping laterally from the ducts 4, thus ensuring the drying of the cereals and taking charge of humidity. He escapes then through the opposite wall in the spent air box 8, from which it is discharged to the atmosphere through the opening 9 and the fan 11.

Conformément à l'invention, un plancher étanche mobile 17 peut être placé en diverses positions dans le caisson intermédiaire 8 pour le diviser en deux compartiments ne communiquant pas entre eux.According to the invention, a mobile waterproof floor 17 can be placed in various positions in the intermediate box 8 to divide it into two compartments which do not communicate with each other.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 1, le plancher 17 peut, dans une première position, être amené sensiblement à la base du compartiment 8 d'air usé, au-dessus du plancher fixe 13, pour libérer tout le volume du compartiment 8. Dans cette position, le plancher mobile 17 est disposé immédiatement au-dessus de gaines de recirculation 28, qui débouchent dans le compartiment 8 au-dessus du plancher 13 et qui communiquent avec le compartiment 16 par des ouvertures 29 de la paroi de la colonne 1. A l'intérieur du compartiment 16 sont disposés des volets mobiles 18 de réglage de débit d'air et le compartiment 16 communique, par l'intermédiaire d'un ventilateur 19, avec une cheminée 20 du compartiment d'air chaud 5.As can be seen in FIG. 1, the floor 17 can, in a first position, be brought substantially to the base of the waste air compartment 8, above the fixed floor 13, to release the entire volume of the compartment 8. In this position, the movable floor 17 is disposed immediately above recirculation ducts 28, which open into the compartment 8 above the floor 13 and which communicate with the compartment 16 through openings 29 in the wall of the column 1 Inside the compartment 16 are arranged movable flaps 18 for adjusting the air flow and the compartment 16 communicates, by means of a fan 19, with a chimney 20 of the hot air compartment 5.

Dans la position représentée sur la figure 1, qui est celle utilisée pour le séchage de céréales légères d'été, le ventilateur 19 n'est pas actionné, et le séchoir fonctionne d'une façon traditionnelle. L'air froid, introduit par l'ouverture 14 dans les gaines 15, se réchauffe au contact des céréales séchées, à la base du séchoir, s'engage dans la cheminée 20 puis, à la partie supérieure de celle-ci, pénètre dans le caisson 5 proprement dit pour se mélanger aux gaz chauds provenant du brûleur 7. Des cloisons parallèles 21 et 22, disposées à la partie supérieure de la cheminée, dirigent le mélange d'air froid et de gaz chaud, d'une part, vers la partie haute de la colonne 1, d'autre part, vers une cheminée 23 qui alimente la partie basse de la colonne. Les cheminées 21 et 22 peuvent communiquer entre elles à leur extrémité supérieure, mais un volet mobile 25 de réglage de débit est prévu à la partie supérieure de la cheminée 20 pour régler la fraction de débit d'air entrant directement dans la cheminée 23 et éventuellement pour supprimer toute communication entre les cheminées 20 et 23 (position représentée sur la figure 1). De même, un volet mobile 26 de réglage du débit est prévu à l'entrée de la cheminée 23, pour régler les débits relatifs d'air chaud pénétrant dans la cheminée 23 ou alimentant la partie haute de la colonne 1.In the position shown in Figure 1, which is that used for drying light summer cereals, the fan 19 is not operated, and the dryer operates in a traditional manner. The cold air, introduced through the opening 14 into the ducts 15, heats up in contact with the dried cereals, at the base of the dryer, engages in the chimney 20 then, at the top of the latter, enters the box 5 proper for mixing with the hot gases coming from the burner 7. Parallel partitions 21 and 22, arranged at the top of the chimney, direct the mixture of cold air and hot gas, on the one hand, towards the upper part of the column 1, on the other hand, to a chimney 23 which feeds the lower part of the column. The chimneys 21 and 22 can communicate with each other at their upper end, but a movable shutter 25 for adjusting the flow is provided at the upper part of the chimney 20 to adjust the fraction of air flow entering directly into the chimney 23 and possibly to suppress any communication between the chimneys 20 and 23 (position shown in FIG. 1). Likewise, a movable shutter 26 for adjusting the flow rate is provided at the inlet of the chimney 23, for adjusting the relative flow rates of hot air entering the chimney 23 or supplying the upper part of the column 1.

Bien entendu, bien d'autres systèmes de réglage du débit et de cloisonnement du compartiment d'air chaud peuvent être prévus par l'homme de l'art, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, pour assurer un mélange prédéterminé de l'air arrivant du compartiment 16 et des gaz chauds provenant du brûleur 7, et pour répartir ce mélange entre la partie haute et la partie basse de la colonne 1.Of course, many other systems for regulating the flow and partitioning the hot air compartment can be provided by those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention, to ensure a predetermined mixture of the air coming from compartment 16 and hot gases coming from burner 7, and to distribute this mixture between the upper part and the lower part of column 1.

Le plancher 17 peut être aussi disposé à mi-hauteur dans le caisson d'air usé 8, pour diviser ce caisson en un compartiment supérieur 8a et en un compartiment inférieur 8b, qui communique par l'intermédiaire des gaines de recirculation 28 avec le compartiment 16.The floor 17 can also be arranged at mid-height in the used air box 8, to divide this box into an upper compartment 8 a and into a lower compartment 8 b , which communicates via recirculation ducts 28 with compartment 16.

Cette position, représentée sur les figures 2 et 4, est celle utilisée pour le séchage de céréales lourdes à fort taux d'humidité, telles que le maïs.This position, shown in Figures 2 and 4, is that used for drying heavy cereals with high humidity, such as corn.

Dans cette position, le ventilateur 19 est actionné pour forcer une recirculation de la fraction d'air usé qui passe dans le compartiment 8b en direction du compartiment 16, pour le recycler vers la cheminée 20 et le mélanger avec les gaz chauds provenant du brûleur 7, en vue d'alimenter la cheminée 23 et la partie haute de la colonne 1. Le volet 25 est ouvert et permet de régler les proportions d'air recyclé réchauffé que l'on désire diriger vers la partie haute et vers la partie basse de la colonne. De même, le volet 26 permet de régler le débit d'air chaud alimentant ces deux parties de la colonne.In this position, the fan 19 is actuated to force a recirculation of the waste air fraction which passes through the compartment 8b in the direction of the compartment 16, to recycle it to the chimney 20 and mix it with the hot gases coming from the burner 7, with a view to supplying the chimney 23 and the upper part of the column 1. The flap 25 is open and makes it possible to adjust the proportions of heated recycled air which it is desired to direct towards the upper part and towards the lower part of the column. Likewise, the flap 26 makes it possible to adjust the flow of hot air supplying these two parts of the column.

Par un simple changement de position du plancher 17 et une utilisation appropriée des moyens de réglage des débits d'air chaud et d'air recyclé, il est donc possible d'utiliser un même séchoir pour le séchage de céréales très différentes, ce qui constitue un avantage considérable, notamment pour de petits utilisateurs tels que des fermiers, quine possèdent habituellement pas divers types de séchoirs adaptés respectivement aux différentes céréales qu'ils cultivent.By a simple change of position of the floor 17 and an appropriate use of the means for adjusting the flow rates of hot air and recycled air, it is therefore possible to use the same dryer for drying cereals. very different, which is a considerable advantage, especially for small users such as farmers, who usually do not have different types of dryers adapted respectively to the different cereals they grow.

Claims (6)

1. A drier for cereals of the type comprising:
- a vertical drying column (1), in which the cereals to be dried descend by gravity from a storage space (2) for the moist cereals, arranged at the top of the column, to a recovery space (3) for the dry cereals, arranged at the base of this column;
- a first chamber (12), or cold air chamber, provided with an atmospheric air inlet (14) and arranged laterally with respect to a wall of said column at the base thereof;
- a second chamber (8), or used air chamber, provided at its upper part with an air outlet opening (9), preferably equipped with a fan (11), this second chamber being arranged on the same side of the drying column above the cold air chamber and separated therefrom by a gas-tight floor (13);
- a third chamber (5), or hot air chamber, arranged laterally with respect to a wall of the column opposite the wall associated with the first and second chambers, this third chamber being provided with an atmospheric air inlet (6) and with a means (7) of heating this air, such as a burner;
- conduits (4, 15) arranged transversely in the drying column between the hot air chamber (5) and the cold air (12) and used air (8) chambers, openings being formed in the associated column walls at the ends of these conduits for them to communicate with the adjoining chambers;
   this drier being characterized in that inside the used air chamber (8) there is provided a movable gastight floor (17), capable of being brought into a plurality of positions inside this compartment to divide it into two compartments, a lower one (8b) and an upper one (8a), separated in an impervious manner, in that recirculation conduits (28) are arranged transversely at the base of the column (1), above the zone connecting the cold air chamber and the hot air chamber, said recirculation conduits (28) communicating by openings with the base of the used air compartment (8) and the hot air compartment (5), and in that controlled means such as fans (19) are provided which are capable of entraining the used air from the lower part of the used air compartment (8) through the recirculation conduits (28) towards the hot air chamber (5).
2. A drier according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot air compartment (5) comprises a system of partitions (20, 21, 22, 23) and gas throughput regulating mobile flaps (25, 26) for adjusting the throughput and temperature of the gases respectively supplying the upper part and the lower part of the drying column (1).
3. A drier according to either one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the means for entraining used air towards the hot air chamber (5) through the recirculation conduits (28) comprises a fan (19) arranged at the base of the hot air chamber (5) in a position such that it may simultaneously entrain the recycled used air and the air admitted into the cold air chamber (12).
4. A drier according to either one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that it comprises temperature probes, optionally connected to automatic control means, with a view to adjusting the position of the mobile flaps (25, 26) for regulating the throughputs of the different gases.
5. Use of a drier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, for drying light summer cereals such as wheat, rape or the like, characterized in that the mobile floor (17) is brought into the lower position in the used air chamber (8) and prevents any communication between this compartment and the hot air compartment (5) through the intermediary of the recirculation conduits (28).
6. Use of the drier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, for drying cereals such as maize, characterized in that the mobile floor (17) is brought into an intermediate position between the base and the top of the used air chamber (8), in such a way that the lower compartment (8b) of this chamber is in communication with the hot air compartment (5) through the intermediary of the recirculation conduits (28).
EP90400241A 1989-01-31 1990-01-29 Cereal dryer and use of same in drying different types of cereals Expired - Lifetime EP0381569B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8901191 1989-01-31
FR8901191A FR2642261B1 (en) 1989-01-31 1989-01-31 CEREAL DRYER AND USE THEREOF FOR DRYING CEREALS OF DIFFERENT TYPES

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EP0381569A1 EP0381569A1 (en) 1990-08-08
EP0381569B1 true EP0381569B1 (en) 1992-03-18

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AT (1) ATE73922T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69000035D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0381569T3 (en)
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FR (1) FR2642261B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3004098T3 (en)

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US10334759B2 (en) * 2013-11-26 2019-06-25 Panduit Corp. Universal inlet duct system for side air intake equipment
CN104770149B (en) * 2015-03-31 2016-09-07 绵阳华西仓储服务有限公司 It is easy to keep the metope ventilation unit of indoor seasoning
DK3535535T3 (en) * 2016-11-02 2021-08-23 Hedinn Hf Combined cooking and drying equipment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR591664A (en) * 1924-08-14 1925-07-16 Improvements in grain conditioning machines
FR821091A (en) * 1937-01-30 1937-11-26 Thomas Robinson & Son Ltd Improvements to drying and packaging machines for cereals
FR1187735A (en) * 1957-04-24 1959-09-15 Linde Maskiner Ab Drying installation, in particular grain silo
SE319128B (en) * 1968-09-24 1969-12-22 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab
FR2480920A2 (en) * 1980-04-16 1981-10-23 Comia Fao Sa Grain dryer with heating and cooling chambers - has part of exhausted heated air recycled to lower heating chamber
HU183005B (en) * 1981-10-21 1983-12-28 Oktober 6 Mtsz Method and apparatus for energy spare drying of constant output particularly granular products or produces containing surface and fixed moisture
DD206204A1 (en) * 1982-05-17 1984-01-18 Maelzerei Und Speicherbau Erfu METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRYING TRIPLE GOOD

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GR3004098T3 (en) 1993-03-31
ES2029754T3 (en) 1992-09-01
DK0381569T3 (en) 1992-04-21
FR2642261B1 (en) 1991-05-10
FR2642261A1 (en) 1990-08-03
DE69000035D1 (en) 1992-04-23
EP0381569A1 (en) 1990-08-08
ATE73922T1 (en) 1992-04-15

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