EP0380893A1 - Bohreinrichtung mit einer Betätigungsvorrichtung, einem Motor und Steuermitteln - Google Patents

Bohreinrichtung mit einer Betätigungsvorrichtung, einem Motor und Steuermitteln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0380893A1
EP0380893A1 EP89403566A EP89403566A EP0380893A1 EP 0380893 A1 EP0380893 A1 EP 0380893A1 EP 89403566 A EP89403566 A EP 89403566A EP 89403566 A EP89403566 A EP 89403566A EP 0380893 A1 EP0380893 A1 EP 0380893A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drilling
equipment according
motor
actuated
stabilizer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89403566A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0380893B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Morin
Christian Bardin
Jean Boulet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0380893A1 publication Critical patent/EP0380893A1/de
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Publication of EP0380893B1 publication Critical patent/EP0380893B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to equipment for a drill string possibly with a controlled path and the string itself.
  • This equipment is intended to be placed on a lining itself intended to be placed at the end of a drill string.
  • This lining makes it possible to control variations in direction and inclination of the borehole in real time. In addition, it makes it possible to control the azimuth, the radius of curvature in a precise manner and to reduce the phenomena of friction and to limit the risks of coincidence and this without requiring to raise said lining on the surface.
  • the drill string equipment comprises a drilling motor, a member to be actuated, information detection means and power means for controlling this member.
  • the motor has an energy transformation zone which makes it possible to drive a drilling tool in rotation, this zone has an upper end.
  • the drilling equipment comprises a circuit for the circulation of the drilling fluid through the drilling string.
  • the member to be actuated and at least one of the elements of the assembly constituted by the detection means and the power means are located on either side of said upper end.
  • the detection means are adapted to detect information transmitted by the drilling fluid.
  • the power means and the member are mechanically connected, that is to say that the transfer of movement between the power means and the member takes place mechanically and not hydraulically.
  • the two elements of this assembly can be located on the same side relative to the upper end.
  • the actuator and the drilling tool can be located on the same side relative to the upper end.
  • the detection means can be adapted to detect at least one of the following quantities, a speed of rotation such as the speed of rotation of the motor rotor, a mechanical stress such as a stress related to the weight applied to the drilling tool, a fluid pressure, fluid flow, and a predetermined sequence concerning one or more of the values mentioned above.
  • the power means can draw the energy necessary for controlling the member to be actuated from a flow of fluid.
  • the power means can be located on a side opposite the member to be actuated relative to the upper end.
  • a transmission element in particular mechanical then transmits on either side of the upper end the actuation movement of the member.
  • the transmission element can also serve as a body for the drilling motor.
  • the transmission element can transmit a torque.
  • the power means may include a shaft transforming an axial movement into a rotational movement.
  • the equipment according to the invention may include means for transmitting information suitable for transmitting a signal when the member to be actuated has actually been.
  • the member to be actuated can be a variable angle bent element located between the energy transformation zone and the drilling tool or a variable geometry stabilizer located between said upper end and the drilling tool.
  • the actuator can be integrated into the mine engine.
  • the detection device and the power means can be integrated into the engine.
  • the packing according to the present invention comprises a drilling tool placed at the lower end of said packing, a motor for rotating said tool and at least one stabilizer with variable geometry.
  • the packing according to the invention may include another stabilizer and / or a bent element.
  • the bent element may be at fixed angle or at variable angle.
  • the bent element can be integrated into said motor.
  • variable geometry stabilizer may include means adapted to vary the distance between the axis of said lining and the bearing surface of at least one blade of the stabilizer and / or means adapted to vary at least axially the position of the bearing surface of at least one blade of said stabilizer.
  • the packing according to the present invention may comprise at least one stabilizer which is integral in rotation with said tool.
  • the lining according to the present invention may comprise at least one stabilizer integral in rotation with the body of the engine.
  • the stabilizer (s) with variable geometry may be remotely controlled optionally from the surface.
  • the lining according to the present invention may include a stabilizer with variable geometry as well as two other stabilizers placed on either side of said stabilizer with variable geometry.
  • the bent element can be integrated into said motor
  • the gasket comprising the equipment according to the invention will be able to control the azimuth (of the direction of drilling), which may be facilitated by means of a bent element integrated in the downhole motor, no rotation being applied. to the drill string from the surface.
  • the control of the radius of curvature is facilitated by the association of an elbow and a stabilizer.
  • a bent element is meant a member introducing or possibly introducing locally, if not punctually, a discontinuity in the direction of the axis of the drill string. That is to say, the axis of the drill string is a broken line at the bent element.
  • the reference 1 designates the ground surface from which a well 2 is drilled.
  • the reference 3 designates the surface installation as a whole.
  • the drilling equipment 4 comprises a drill string 5 at the end of which a drilling string 6 is fixed.
  • the drill string 6 corresponds to the lower end of the drilling equipment and can be considered as part of the drill string.
  • a drill string generally has a length of a few tens of meters, of which the thirty meters closest to the drilling tool is generally considered to be active as regards the control of the trajectory.
  • the drill string includes a drilling tool 7, a downhole motor 8 and a variable geometry stabilizer 9.
  • the drilling tool 7 can be driven in rotation by the bottom motor 8, or by the drill string 5 which can be driven on the surface by motor means 10, such as a rotary table.
  • variable geometry stabilizer is meant, according to the present invention, that it can be acted upon to vary the geometric configuration of the support points of the blades on the walls of the drilled well, this variation having to be considered for the same position of the lining in the drilled well.
  • Figures 2 to 4 show different types of stabilizers with variable geometry.
  • the reference 11 designates the portion of rod which carries the stabilizer 12.
  • the stabilizer comprises several blades, two of which are shown: blades 13 and 14.
  • the blades can move so as to vary the distance d which separates the axis 15 from the rod portion 11, from the friction surface 16 of the blade 14 or 13.
  • FIG. 3 represents a stabilizer with variable geometry in which the blades 18 move axially, as represented by the arrows.
  • the dotted lines represent possible positions of the blades 18.
  • Figure 4 shows the case where there is a single blade 17 which moves.
  • This type of stabilizer is often called "off-set".
  • the same effect of decentering the axis 15 is obtained by having several movable blades placed on the same side of an axial plane containing the axis 15, or by making the blades located from the same side of an axial plane containing the axis 15 as the blades located on the other side of this same plane.
  • the blades may have a helical shape, as shown in Figure 5, especially for the central stabilizer.
  • FIG. 5 represents an embodiment different from that of FIG. 1.
  • the reference 19 designates the drilling tool which is fixed to a shaft 20 driven by the motor 21.
  • the reference 22 designates a stabilizer with fixed geometry comprising blades 23 rectilinear and parallel to the axis of the lining 24.
  • the reference 25 designates a variable geometry stabilizer comprising blades 26 whose friction or cutting surfaces 27 are movable.
  • the blades have a helical shape.
  • the reference 28 designates a stabilizer with a fixed geometry with a helical blade 29.
  • the motor 21 can be a lobe motor of the "Sparrow" type, or a turbine supplied with drilling fluid from a passage 30 fitted in the lining, this passage itself being supplied with drilling fluid from the drill string which is hollow. After passing through the motor 21 the drilling fluid is directed towards the tool 19 to evacuate the debris.
  • the motor 21 may also be an electric motor supplied for example from the surface via a cable.
  • the stabilizer 25 with variable geometry is surrounded on either side by stabilizers with fixed geometry 22 and 28.
  • This arrangement is advantageous, but in no way limiting.
  • the lining may include several stabilizers with variable geometry.
  • the stabilizer that is to say the one which is closest to the tool 19, this can be placed either on the external body 32 of the motor 33, as is the case in FIG. 6 , or on the shaft 34 for driving the tool 19 in rotation. This is the case in FIG. 7.
  • the stabilizer bears the reference 31.
  • the lining according to the invention may include a bent element with a variable or fixed angle.
  • Figure 8 shows such a packing.
  • This particularly efficient lining includes, with regard to its lower part (approximately 30 first meters): - A drilling tool 35 adapted to the ground to be drilled, such as a rotary cutter tool, with a polycrystalline diamond cutting element or any other synthetic material and capable of withstanding a rotation speed consistent with the use of a downhole motor. It is necessary to choose a drilling tool with a long service life.
  • a downhole motor (here volumetric) 36 whose body forms a bent element or elbow 37 in its lower half and equipped with a stabilizer 38 positioned on the bent part of the motor 36, the elbow 37 will have an angle preferably less than 3 degrees.
  • - a variable diameter stabilizer 39 which can be remotely controlled from the surface.
  • a rod mass 40 comprising measuring means during drilling (MwD) measuring the main directional parameters (Tilt, Azimuth, Tool face) and transmitting them to the surface. - a constant diameter stabilizer 41 - The lining will then comprise drill collars 42, possibly one or more other stabilizers, heavy rods, a threshing slide, the assembly being connected to the surface by drill rods.
  • MwD measuring means during drilling
  • main directional parameters tilt, Azimuth, Tool face
  • the lining will then comprise drill collars 42, possibly one or more other stabilizers, heavy rods, a threshing slide, the assembly being connected to the surface by drill rods.
  • FIGS. 9A, 9B and 10 show a particularly advantageous embodiment of a bent element with variable angle.
  • a tubular element has in its upper part a thread 59 allowing the mechanical connection to the drill string and in its lower part a thread 60 on the output shaft 46, in order to screw the tool. drilling 47.
  • the remote control mechanism consists of a shaft 48 which can slide in its upper part in the bore 65 of the body 43 and which can slide in its lower part in the bore 66 of the body 44.
  • This shaft has male grooves 49 meshing in female splines of the body 43, grooves 50 alternately straight (parallel to the axis of the tubular body 43) and oblique (inclined with respect to the axis of the tubular body 43) in which fingers 67 slide sliding along a axis perpendicular to that of the displacement of the shaft 48 and kept in contact with the shaft by springs 68, male splines 51 meshing with female splines of the body 44 only when the shaft 48 is in the high position.
  • the shaft 48 is equipped in its lower part with a bore 52 in front of which is a needle 53 coaxial with the movement of the shaft 48.
  • a return spring 54 maintains the shaft in the high position, the splines 51 meshing in the equivalent female splines of the body 44.
  • the bodies 43 and 44 are free to rotate at the level of the rotating surface 69 coaxial with the axes of the bodies 43 and 44 and composed of rows of cylindrical rollers 70 inserted in their raceways 72 and extractable at through the orifices 74 by dismantling the door 71.
  • the nozzle 52 and the needle 53 form means for detecting information in this case a flow threshold.
  • the shaft 48 with its arrangements constitutes the power means for activating the bent element 64 via the tubular body 44 which constitutes a transmission element.
  • a reserve of oil 76 is maintained at the pressure of the drilling fluid by means of an annular free piston 77.
  • the oil lubricates the sliding surfaces of the shaft 48 by way of the passage 78.
  • the shaft 48 is machined so that an axial bore 79 allows the passage of the drilling fluid according to the arrow f.
  • the angle variation mechanism itself which is the member to be actuated in this example comprises a tubular body 45 which is rotationally integral with the tubular body 44 by means of a coupling 56.
  • the tubular body 45 can rotate with respect to the tubular body 43 at the level of the rotating surface 63 comprising rollers 75 and having an oblique axis with respect to the axes of the tubular bodies 43 and 45.
  • FIG. 13 One possible embodiment for coupling 56 is shown in FIG. 13.
  • This type of remote control is based on a threshold value of the flow through the mechanism according to the arrow f.
  • the nozzle 52 will surround the needle 53 which will cause a large decrease in the cross section of the drilling fluid and therefore a large increase in the pressure difference ⁇ P and therefore a significant increase in the force F ensuring the complete descent of the shaft 48, despite the increase in the return force of the spring 54 due to its compression.
  • the fingers 67 will follow the oblique part of the grooves 50 during the downward stroke of the shaft 48 and will therefore cause the body to rotate tubular 44 relative to the tubular body 43, which is made possible by the fact that the grooves males 51 will disengage from the corresponding female splines of the body 44 at the start of the downward travel of the shaft 48.
  • FIG. 13 is a developed illustration of parts 97 and 98 which make it possible to transmit the rotation of the tubular body 44 to the tubular body 45 while allowing relative angular movement of these two tubular bodies.
  • the needle 53 may include a variation in diameter. In the case of FIG. 9A, this is an increase in diameter 84. Thus when the nozzle arrives at the level of this protuberance 84 there is a reduction in the cross-section of the fluid which results in a constant flow overpressure in the drilling fluid.
  • This overpressure is detectable on the surface.
  • the position of the protuberance 84 is such that the overpressure only appears when the shaft 48 is at the low end of travel.
  • the part 97 has housings 99 in which rods 100 which have spheres 101 come to cooperate.
  • the tubular body integral with the part 97 flexes relative to the tubular body integral with the part 98.
  • these two parts have the same role as a hollow universal joint.
  • the member to be actuated is a stabilizer with variable geometry.
  • the remote control mechanism of this stabilizer is the same as that described above.
  • FIG. 11 describes the mechanism for varying the position of one or more blades of an integrated stabilizer.
  • Figure 11 can be considered as the lower part of Figure 9A.
  • grooves 92 At the lower end of the body 44 are grooves 92 whose depth differs depending on the angular sector concerned. Apply to the bottom of these grooves pushers 93 on which rest blades 94 straight or of helical shape under the effect of leaf return springs 95 positioned under protective covers 96.
  • the pushers 93 will be on a sector of the groove 92, the depth of which will be different. This will cause a translation of the blades, either by moving away, or by approaching the axis of the body.
  • FIG. 11 shows on the right side a blade in the "retracted” position and on the left side a blade in the "extended” position.
  • FIG. 12 shows the developed curve of the profile of the bottom of the groove 92. This profile can correspond, for example, to the case of three blades controlled from the same groove.
  • the abscissa represents the radius of the groove bottom as a function of the angle at the center from a reference angular position. Since we are ordering the three blades from of the same groove and on one turn, the profile is reproduced identically every 120 degrees. This is why it was only represented on 120 degrees.
  • the finger 93 of a stabilizer blade cooperates with the portion of the groove bottom profile corresponding to the bearing 1A, this blade is in the entered position.
  • a rotation of 40 degrees of the groove causes a modification of the radius of the groove bottom from the position corresponding to the bearing 1A to that corresponding to the bearing 2A and therefore to an intermediate position of output of the blade.
  • Another rotation of 40 degrees leads to an increase in the bottom groove radius corresponding to the bearing 3A and to a maximum output of the blade. Between each landing a ramp X allows a gradual exit of the blade.
  • the ramp Y is a descending ramp which returns the device to the retracted position corresponding to the bearing 4A of the same value as the bearing 1A.
  • the radius of curvature of the trajectory of the drilling tool may be modified by variation of the geometry (for example the diameter) of the stabilizer, in addition to the methods currently available (variation of the weight per l tool, variation of the rotation speed etc ).
  • FIG. 14 represents the projection of the trajectory on the vertical plane and FIG. 15 represents the projection of the trajectory on the horizontal plane.
  • Reference 102 designates the substantially vertical phase of drilling. This phase is carried out by turning the entire packing from the drill string.
  • the diameter of the variable geometry stabilizer 39 is preferably equal to the diameter of the upper fixed geometry stabilizer 41.
  • the reference 103 designates the initiation of the deviation from 0 to about 10 degrees which is obtained by an orientation of the elbow 37 in the desired azimuth of the drilling followed by a rotary drive of the tool 35 from the motor of bottom 36, without the entire drill string being driven from the drill string.
  • the radius of curvature of the well can be adjusted by varying the diameter of the variable geometry stabilizer 39. Thus, for example, for an inclination less than 5 degrees, the radius of curvature increases as the diameter of the stabilizer increases. This trend is reversed for larger slopes.
  • Reference 104 designates the phase of angle rise of about 10 degrees to the desired inclination, without intervention on the direction of the well. This phase is achieved by rotating the packing as a whole from the drill string. The radius of curvature is adjusted by the diameter of the variable geometry stabilizer 39.
  • Reference 105 designates an azimuth correction phase which can be carried out with or without angle correction. In the case of Figures 14 and 15, there is no angle correction. This azimuth correction is effected by orienting the bent element in the appropriate direction to achieve the desired orientation correction and driving the tool by the downhole motor, without there being any a drive of the entire packing by the drill string.
  • variable geometry stabilizer 39 makes it possible to control the radius of curvature of the path.
  • the reference 106 designates a drilling phase at constant inclination without controlling the azimuth. This drilling phase can be carried out by rotating the entire drilling string from the drill string.
  • the phase referenced 107 is an azimuth correction phase of the same type as that described above and which bears the reference 105.
  • the phases referenced 108 and 110 are drilling phases at constant inclination without azimuth control. They are of the same type as the phase which bears the reference 106.
  • the phases referenced 109 and 111 are phases for decreasing the angle of inclination.
  • Reference 112 designates the target to be reached by drilling.
  • FIGS. 16 to 18 illustrate the control of the direction of drilling with the aid of a lining comprising three stabilizers, a variable geometry stabilizer 113 and two fixed geometry stabilizers located on either side of the variable geometry stabilizer.
  • the inclination of the borehole is assumed to be 30 degrees from the vertical.
  • the reference 114 designates the stabilizer with upper fixed geometry and the reference 115 the stabilizer with lower fixed geometry located near the drilling tool 116.
  • the fixed stabilizer 115 is integral with the body of the engine 117.
  • the intermediate position of the stabilizer blades 113 shown in FIG. 16 corresponds to drilling at a constant inclination angle.
  • the blades of the variable stabilizer 113 are in the maximum entry position. This corresponds to an increase in the angle of inclination and the tool 116 tends to start in the direction of the arrow 120.
  • the azimuth control by a packing such as that shown in Figures 16 to 18 is possible when it includes at least one stabilizer with shift (or off-set stabilizer, whether or not it has variable geometry.
  • Figures 19 to 21 correspond to a lining similar to that of Figures 16 to 18, but which further comprises a bent element 121.
  • the elements identical to Figures 19 to 21 and 16 to 18 bear identical references.
  • the elbow 121 is assumed to be of fixed geometry and has a deflection angle close to 1 degree.
  • the drive of the entire packing by the drill string causes drilling at constant inclination.
  • the elbow element 121 has only a very small influence on the behavior of the lining.
  • the bend 121 is positioned so as to orient the borehole towards the bottom of the figure in the direction of the arrow 119.
  • This position represented in phantom 122 is qualified by the terms "Low side" by the driller.
  • the angular position of the bent element 121 is generally verified using conventional measurement means positioned in the drill string.
  • the adjustment of this position is obtained by rotation of the drill string by an angle of an appropriate value from the surface.
  • the tool 116 is driven in rotation by the motor 117.
  • variable geometry centralizer 113 amplifies the reduction in the angle of inclination.
  • FIG. 21 represents a bend oriented upwards, generally qualified as "high side” by the driller, as represented by the dashed line 123.
  • the angle of inclination is considered with respect to the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 22 represents the case where the member to be actuated 89 is situated on the same side as the drilling tool 88 relative to the energy transformation zone 87 of the engine, while the sink means 86 for actuating the element 89 are located on the opposite side.
  • the reference 90 designates the upper end of the energy transformation zone 87 of the motor.
  • Reference 85 designates the information detection means. These means can be placed either above the upper end 90 or below, in particular when the information for triggering the actuation is transmitted by the weight on the tool.
  • FIG. 23 represents the case where the detection means 85 are located above the upper end 90 of the energy transformation zone 87 of the engine and where the power means for controlling the actuating member are located below this upper end 90.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
EP89403566A 1988-12-30 1989-12-19 Bohreinrichtung mit einer Betätigungsvorrichtung, einem Motor und Steuermitteln Expired - Lifetime EP0380893B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8817599A FR2641317B1 (fr) 1988-12-30 1988-12-30 Equipement pour garniture de forage comportant un element a actionner, un moteur et des moyens de commande
FR8817599 1988-12-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0380893A1 true EP0380893A1 (de) 1990-08-08
EP0380893B1 EP0380893B1 (de) 1993-08-25

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EP89403566A Expired - Lifetime EP0380893B1 (de) 1988-12-30 1989-12-19 Bohreinrichtung mit einer Betätigungsvorrichtung, einem Motor und Steuermitteln

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5232058A (de)
EP (1) EP0380893B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2006920C (de)
FR (1) FR2641317B1 (de)
NO (1) NO301784B1 (de)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0554977A1 (de) * 1992-01-31 1993-08-11 Neyrfor-Weir Limited Stabilisator für Bohrlochmotor
US5513714A (en) * 1992-01-31 1996-05-07 Neyrofor-Weir Limited Stabilization devices for drill motors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2641317A1 (fr) 1990-07-06
NO895304L (no) 1990-07-02
US5232058A (en) 1993-08-03
CA2006920A1 (fr) 1990-06-30
NO301784B1 (no) 1997-12-08
NO895304D0 (no) 1989-12-28
CA2006920C (fr) 1999-04-27
FR2641317B1 (fr) 1996-05-24
EP0380893B1 (de) 1993-08-25

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