EP0377255A1 - Tête de cimentation pour puits pétroliers - Google Patents

Tête de cimentation pour puits pétroliers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0377255A1
EP0377255A1 EP89203297A EP89203297A EP0377255A1 EP 0377255 A1 EP0377255 A1 EP 0377255A1 EP 89203297 A EP89203297 A EP 89203297A EP 89203297 A EP89203297 A EP 89203297A EP 0377255 A1 EP0377255 A1 EP 0377255A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
head
jack
plug
cementing head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89203297A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0377255B1 (fr
Inventor
Paul Buisine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sofitech NV
Original Assignee
Sofitech NV
Compagnie des Services Dowell Schlumberger SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sofitech NV, Compagnie des Services Dowell Schlumberger SA filed Critical Sofitech NV
Publication of EP0377255A1 publication Critical patent/EP0377255A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0377255B1 publication Critical patent/EP0377255B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
    • E21B33/16—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes using plugs for isolating cement charge; Plugs therefor
    • E21B33/165—Cementing plugs specially adapted for being released down-hole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/04—Casing heads; Suspending casings or tubings in well heads
    • E21B33/05—Cementing-heads, e.g. having provision for introducing cementing plugs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical sector of the cementing of the annulus in oil, gas, water, geothermal or other wells.
  • a principle which is well known is that of the technique consisting in injecting in suitable sequence, inside the casing lowered into the drilling well, fluids such as slurry, cement slags, separated by a mechanical plug and/or by a spacer fluid. It is also necessary to throw, in the appropriate manner, one or more mechanical plugs in order to isolate certain parts of the well.
  • the cementing heads used are as illustrated in accompanying Figure 1, on which the following references designate the constituent elements as stated : - I, a cementing head, - II, a casing disposed inside a well P, - 2, a connecting collar between the head I and the upper overground part of the casing II, - 3 and 4, two plugs immobilized in the head by two stops R3 and R4, - T, a passage sensor or tell-tale, - V1, V2, V3, valves placed upstream of the head.
  • valve V1 is opened while valves V2 and V3 being closed) for circulating a first fluid into the well P without throwing any plug; this first fluid may be a slurry; - then V2 is opened after closing V1, V3 remaining closed, and a cement slag is admitted under high pressure.
  • the element R3 has to be retracted beforehand either manually or hydraulically or otherwise, and the first plug 3 is released and lowered into the well. It is followed by the cement slag which is pumped in.
  • the element T or telltale, which is spring-loaded, is supposed to detect the passage of the plug; - when the above phase is completed, V1 and V2 are closed and V3 is opened, and a displacing fluid (slurry, brine, etc...) is pumped in.
  • the plug 4 is released by retraction of element R4. Element T then should detect the passage of the second plug; - V3 is then closed.
  • V1, V2 and V3 are generally controlled by hand as a remote-control would be too complex.
  • the cementing head which must be able to withstand very high pressures, is extremely heavy. This is an additional and serious disadvantage inasmuch as, firstly, the head has to be lifted above the "table" of the derrick and, secondly, the handling of such a weight involves a very high risk of damaging the fine-pitch threading of the collar 2, as well as a risk of accident.
  • One object of the invention is to provide a cementing head designed to allow the throwing of one, two and even more successive plugs, not only to be carried out in precise, efficient and simple operations by any operator, but also with a throwing accuracy for each plug, according to the sequence of phases required by the implemented process.
  • Another object of the invention relates to the storage of the plugs inside the head in conditions which eliminate all risks of incorrect positioning which could result, particularly in the course of the operation, in damages or slantings which will interfere with the good development of the operation.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide means permitting the accurate and selective control, firstly, of the throwing of the plugs and also of the transfer of each one inside the head until the correct position for throwing the plug into the casing is reached.
  • a cementing head for oil wells or the like of the type comprising a body adaptable by any connecting means on the upper end of a casing placed inside the well, and means for connecting the head with a supply station supplying at least one fluid under pressure, characterized in that it comprises: - a tubular magazine or container, open at its lower end, extending downwardly from the body in order to be placed at least partly inside the casing with which it creates an annular space, - at least one plug mounted in the container with radial elastic deformation prestressing, and capable of sealingly occupying the casing after expelling of the container, - and an expelling jack for expelling said plug from said container.
  • the cementing head according to the invention essentially comprises, as shown in Figure 2, a container 11, open at its lower part f and in which are placed a number of plugs. Three plugs 3, 4 and 5 are shown in Figure 2, but a higher number of plugs may be used.
  • the plugs are mechanically joined together by releasing members 15, 14, 13.
  • the plugs which as is known, are constituted at least on their periphery of an elastic material such as rubber, are held in position inside the container by being compressed by the wall 11.
  • the releasing elements 15, 14, 13 are joined to each plug via conventional mechanical means, not shown. Preferably, these mechanical means will be anchored in the mass of the plug.
  • the upper releasing element, 13 in the illustrated example is connected to a vertical displacement jack V, controlled by any conventional means.
  • the plugs, the container, the jack and the lower face of the head I which is secured to the collar 2, the latter being itself mounted in conventional fashion on the casing II lowered into the well P define zones A, B, C and D.
  • the wall of the container 11 is perforated in facing relationship to each zone A, B, C and D, the holes 8, 9, 10, 17 allowing a ready flow of the fluid F pumped under high pressure into the well.
  • the plugs are then in a non-stressed condition due to the equalization of pressures, and the first fluid can be circulated into the well for the required time; - then, the jack V is moved downwards over a sufficient distance for the bottom plug 3 to pass over the safety boss 12, which boss is not absolutely necessary, and to reach zone E. It is understood, as will be seen hereinafter, that the releasing elements 15, 14 and 13 are capable of transmitting without deformation the thrust of the jack.
  • zone E the fins of the plug expand as far as the wall of the casing II where they take on their final wellknown shape, thus ensuring tightness between zone the bottom of the well, as illustrated in Figure 3; - if a second fluid F, which may be for example a cement slag, a sludge, an inert fluid or spacer, a brine, etc... is admitted, at that particular time, under pressure, the pumping pressure P1, illustrated in Figure 3, becomes higher than pressure P2 and element 15 is subjected to a differential pressure ⁇ P sufficient to cause the release of the plug 3. Said plug is then "thrown" correctly into the well under the action of P1; - the same procedure is used successively with plugs 4, 5... simply by moving the jack V downwards, thus allowing the plugs 4, 5, etc... to reach zone E while successively admitting the appropriate fluids.
  • a second fluid F which may be for example a cement slag, a sludge, an inert fluid or spacer, a brine, etc...
  • Figure 4 An embodiment of the releasing elements is illustrated in Figure 4 which describes the situation wherein plug 3 has already been thrown and the jack V has brought plug 4, to which part of element 15 is still attached as explained hereinafter, in zone E.
  • Figure 4 therefore describes the operation of element 14, but understandably, the operation of elements 15 or 13 is identical.
  • element 14 is composed of two parts : a which is mechanically fixed to the plug situated above plug 4, namely in this case, plug 5, and b which is mechanically fixed to plug 4.
  • the "mechanical fixing means” used is not shown.
  • a and b are pieces in metal, in composite material or in plastic material, said pieces going through the plug and being either anchored in the rubber of the plug by means of grooves, or fixed by a threading or other means to an element in metal or other, which element is itself anchored to the plug or forms part thereof.
  • Such fixing means are obvious.
  • Piece a is housed in an adapted recess of piece b and rests on the bottom 23 of said recess.
  • the side walls of the recess comprise one or more grooves 22 situated in facing relationship to recesses 24 provided through the whole thickness of piece a , grooves 22 and recesses 24 being so dimensioned as to receive at least one movable element S, which is preferably a ball, occupying substantially all the space defined by 22 and 24, and thus firmly fixing the relative position of a and b .
  • a piston 21 locks the element or elements S in position and is itself held in position by mechanical means such as a readily compressible spring R, namely a spring exerting on the lower face 25 of the piston just enough pressure to hold said piston in abutment on the shoulder 27 of piece a .
  • the invention therefore proposes a cementing head which is : - light , the container 11 being optionally made of metal or alloy of small thickness or of composite material; - reliable , due to equalization of the pressure which limits the dangerous stresses, particularly at the level of the plugs; - simple to use , the only operation to perform being the lowering of the jack; - automatizable and remotely-controllable ;
  • the last two advantages being important also from the point of view of staff safety and from the point of view of reliability of the operation. - capable of throwing 2, 3, 4, 5, etc... plugs , which makes it possible, for the first time, to perform more complex, hence more accurate operations than in the prior art.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an industrial example of embodiment of the cementing head according to the invention.
  • Head I comprises a body 30 provided, at its lower part, with means 31 of connection with casing II.
  • Said means 31 can be constituted by the fine-threaded collar 2, of the normally used type, with which the body 30 cooperates either directly or via an adapter.
  • Body 30 is constituted by a lower half-body 32 of tubular type, and by an upper half-body 33, said half-bodies being joined together, with interposition of sealing means 34, by a clamp 35 or similar device designed to fasten, one against the other, flanges 36 and 37 respectively provided in facing relationship on the half-bodies 32 and 33.
  • the body 30 is provided with means 40 for connecting the head I with a supply station, supplying fluid under high pressure, such as slurries, cleaning fluids or spacers, and of course, fluids capable of ensuring the cementing of the annulus in a well P.
  • the means 40 are constituted by fittings carried by the upper half-body 33 and opening into the inner periphery of a cavity 41 defined on the outside by the body 30 so as to be substantially in line with the inner section of the casing II when the head I is fitted on the latter.
  • Said head I comprises, internally in cavity 41, a tubular container 42 of general cylindrical shape, open at its lower end and extending coaxially to the half-body 32.
  • Said container 42 is constituted by an independent, removable element which is held in position by clamping or squeezing, between the two half-bodies 32 and 33, of an outer edge 43 formed by said element.
  • Tubular element 42 is preferably perforated over its whole height, in such a way as to place the annular space which it defines inside cavity 41, in communication with its own defined volume.
  • Tubular element 42 has, close to its lower open end, a centering flange 44, adapted to cooperate with the half-body 32 and, preferably, a thin annular inner edge 45 formed in offset fashion with respect to its lower open end.
  • Container 42 is designed to constitute a magazine for the temporary storage of plugs 50 which can be provided in variable number.
  • Said container 42 can be so constituted as to contain only one plug, and even two, as illustrated in the drawings, or a higher number of plugs, this constitutinga considerable advantage over the prior art.
  • the axial length of the container 42 is preferably determined in relation to the expected number of plugs as well as to the overall height occupied by said plugs.
  • the plugs 50 are placed inside the container 42 in such a way as to be superposed and in contact one with the other, to form a column resting by the bottom plug 501 on the edge 45.
  • the plugs 50 have a very conventional general structure and are constituted by generally axi-symmetrical bodies comprising, on their outer periphery, annular fins 51, which are elastically deformable and confer to each plug, when in rest position, a diameter greater than the internal passage section of container 42 and also slightly greater than the internal diameter of casing II, this latter point being quite conventionally known.
  • the loading of container 42 therefore necessarily implies a radial elastic deformation prestressing of the fins 51 to obtain their radial elastic deformation, this ensuring, by reaction, the stacking of the different plugs in stable superimposition.
  • the container 42 is loaded by its open upper end, before being mounted inside cavity 41 by assembly of the two half-bodies 32 and 33.
  • the bottom plug designated by the reference 501 is of perforatable type and comprises, to this effect, an axial passage 52 which is closed at its upper end by a cap 53 which can be perforated by the known pressure means which are normally generated during drilling or treatment of the well P.
  • top plug 502 has the reference 502 and occupies a superposed position to perform an obturating function, as described hereinafter.
  • top plug 502 is compact and has no part or zone which cannot withstand the pressures generated inside the well. Other combinations of plugs could also be used.
  • the head I is completed with means 55 for successively expelling the different plugs from the container 42.
  • Said means 55 are in the form of a jack formed by or adapted on the upper half-body 33.
  • the jack 55 can be a single-rod jack or, on the contrary, it can be of the type with multiple working-stages, in which case, preferred according to the invention, the number of working stages is directly related to the number of plugs 50 filling the container 42.
  • the jack 55 is of telescopic type with two double-acting working stages 561 and 562.
  • Stage 561 is constituted by a primary cylinder 57 containing a piston 58 of double-acting type.
  • Piston 58 is of tubular type and comprises a cylinder 60 extending through a sealing ring 61 closing off cylinder 57.
  • Cylinder 60 contains a piston 62 extended by a rod 63 and forming with cylinder 60 the second stage 562.
  • Said rod 63 extends through cylinder 57 as well as body 33 via a lining 64, so as to penetrate by its end part 65 inside the volume of container 42.
  • rod 63 extends coaxially to the container 42.
  • Piston 62 defines, inside cylinder 60, two chambers of variable volume which can be respectively fed with fluid under pressure through fittings 66, fitting 59 which belongs to cylinder 57 ensuring the return of the fluid.
  • the end part 65 of rod 63 is designed to constitute, via a flanged part 67, a means of acting and exerting pressure on the column of superposed plugs during the extending stroke of the rod of jack 55.
  • Such means comprise, first, inside a chamber 71 defined by end part 65, a piston 72 servo-controlled by a retraction member using spring return means.
  • the piston is designed to control pivotable fingers 73 provided inside a housing 74 formed in the upper part of the top plug 502.
  • the chamber defined between the upper part of the piston 72 and the lower part of the rod 63 communicates via an axial passage 75 extending through the whole piston rod 63, with a recess 76 provided in piston 62 to allow its opening towards the end 77 of the cylinder 60.
  • Said recess 76 contains a valve 78 working in combination with an elastic member 79 urging it in closing position, as soon as it stops cooperating with an opening piece 80 carried by the end 77.
  • the cementing head works as follows : In the position illustrated in Figure 5, the plugs 501 and 502 fill the container 42 which is immobilized by the assembling of the two half-bodies 32 and 33 forming the head I adapted on the casing II.
  • the system 70 create an axial link between the end part 65 of the rod 63 and the top plug 502.
  • Jack 55 occupies a position in which the rod or rods which constitute it are retracted. It is indicated in the foregoing that stages 561 and 562 are of double-acting type, but it is understood that a single-acting jack with multiple stages is also suitable.
  • the first stage 561 of jack 55 is supplied through lower fitting 66, so as to control the sliding movement of the piston 58 in the direction of arrow f1.
  • This stroke brings the piston 58 in abutment against the half-body 33.
  • the end 77 pushes the piston 62 subjecting the rod 63 to an extending stroke.
  • the end part 65 pushes the top plug 502 which, in turn, expels the bottom plug 501 urging it to pass over the edge 45.
  • the top plug 502 is brought substantially to rest against the edge 45, whereas the plug 501 is engaged in casing II in which it is centered via the fins 51 urged in radial elastic deformation of expansion. Said plug 501 can then be thrown by the admission into the cavity 41 of a fluid under pressure which is either a spacer, or a cement slag, brought through one of the fittings 40. It is important to recall that the container 42 is defined by a perforated wall, so that the pressure of the fluid pumped into the casing II has no influence on the stable position occupied by the top plug 502.
  • the top plug 502 is thrown by controlling the supply of stage 562 through upper fitting 66.
  • the fluid under pressure fed into the upper chamber of cylinder 60 through upper connector 66, is introduced into the recess 76 because of the open position of valve 78.
  • This fluid follows passage 75 in order to penetrate into the chamber situated above piston 72 and to control the extending stroke of piston 72.
  • the pivoting fingers 73 are actuated in retracted position when piston 72 occupies its abutting position while in extending stroke.
  • the aforesaid advantages are due to the structure of the head, and also to the conformation of the plugs which is chosen to ensure a secure and stable immobilization inside the container and to allow the plugs to suitably cooperate with the inner wall of the casing on emerging from the storage container.
  • said special conformation will reside in fins that are more developed than the fins of the conventional plugs.
  • aforesaid advantages are also obtained by preferably using a jack 55 with successive strokes and more particularly, with as many working stages as there are plugs inside the container.
  • the jack 55 is controlled every time to perform an extending stroke corresponding exactly to the transfer amplitude required to be imposed on a plug inside the container in order to expel it.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a preferred variant, in which the body 30 is constituted of a lower half-body 32 a and of an upper half-body 33 a .
  • the lower half-body 32 a is adapted on the collar 31 via an adapter 81 and comprises fittings 40 which are thus situated under the clamp 35.
  • the upper half-body 33 a directly constitutes, on its own, the cylinder 57 forming the first working stage 561 associated, as indicated hereinabove, to the elements constituting the second stage 562.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
EP89203297A 1989-01-02 1989-12-22 Tête de cimentation pour puits pétroliers Expired - Lifetime EP0377255B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8900062 1989-01-02
FR8900062A FR2641318B1 (fr) 1989-01-02 1989-01-02 Tete de cimentation de puits petrolier

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0377255A1 true EP0377255A1 (fr) 1990-07-11
EP0377255B1 EP0377255B1 (fr) 1994-01-19

Family

ID=9377477

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89203297A Expired - Lifetime EP0377255B1 (fr) 1989-01-02 1989-12-22 Tête de cimentation pour puits pétroliers

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0377255B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2006721C (fr)
DE (1) DE68912554T2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2641318B1 (fr)
NO (1) NO300653B1 (fr)
SA (1) SA90110157B1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0905349A1 (fr) * 1997-09-30 1999-03-31 Sofitech N.V. Lanceur hydraulique de bouchon de cimentage
US5890537A (en) * 1996-08-13 1999-04-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Wiper plug launching system for cementing casing and liners
EP2317065A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-04 Services Pétroliers Schlumberger Équipement pour le lancement à distance de bouchons de cimentation
EP3980625A4 (fr) * 2019-06-04 2023-01-04 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Outil d'intervention pompé et ensemble

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2659386B1 (fr) * 1990-03-07 1992-06-26 Schlumberger Cie Dowell Equipement de lancement a distance de bouchons pour la cimentation de puits de forage sous-marins.
FR2663678B1 (fr) * 1990-06-22 1995-12-22 Schlumberger Cie Dowell Bouchons de cimentation de puits, notamment petroliers et analogues, ensemble de bouchons pour l'execution d'une operation de cimentation et equipement en faisant application.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2615519A (en) * 1947-06-30 1952-10-28 Charles J Carr Plug handling head for well casings
DE1117520B (de) * 1959-01-27 1961-11-23 John Allen Hall Zementierkopf
US4164980A (en) * 1978-08-02 1979-08-21 Duke John A Well cementing method and apparatus
US4317486A (en) * 1980-03-10 1982-03-02 The Dow Chemical Company Cementing head apparatus and method of operation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2615519A (en) * 1947-06-30 1952-10-28 Charles J Carr Plug handling head for well casings
DE1117520B (de) * 1959-01-27 1961-11-23 John Allen Hall Zementierkopf
US4164980A (en) * 1978-08-02 1979-08-21 Duke John A Well cementing method and apparatus
US4317486A (en) * 1980-03-10 1982-03-02 The Dow Chemical Company Cementing head apparatus and method of operation

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5890537A (en) * 1996-08-13 1999-04-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Wiper plug launching system for cementing casing and liners
EP0905349A1 (fr) * 1997-09-30 1999-03-31 Sofitech N.V. Lanceur hydraulique de bouchon de cimentage
EP2317065A1 (fr) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-04 Services Pétroliers Schlumberger Équipement pour le lancement à distance de bouchons de cimentation
EP3980625A4 (fr) * 2019-06-04 2023-01-04 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Outil d'intervention pompé et ensemble
US11603737B2 (en) 2019-06-04 2023-03-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Pump down intervention tool and assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO895237L (no) 1990-07-03
SA90110157B1 (ar) 2004-09-04
EP0377255B1 (fr) 1994-01-19
CA2006721A1 (fr) 1990-07-02
FR2641318A1 (fr) 1990-07-06
NO300653B1 (no) 1997-06-30
FR2641318B1 (fr) 1991-04-12
NO895237D0 (no) 1989-12-22
DE68912554T2 (de) 1994-05-05
DE68912554D1 (de) 1994-03-03
CA2006721C (fr) 1995-11-21

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