EP0377144B1 - Method and device for correcting a distortion of the loudness perception of a reproduced-sound presentation - Google Patents

Method and device for correcting a distortion of the loudness perception of a reproduced-sound presentation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0377144B1
EP0377144B1 EP89122993A EP89122993A EP0377144B1 EP 0377144 B1 EP0377144 B1 EP 0377144B1 EP 89122993 A EP89122993 A EP 89122993A EP 89122993 A EP89122993 A EP 89122993A EP 0377144 B1 EP0377144 B1 EP 0377144B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
frequency
loudspeakers
process according
distortion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89122993A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0377144A3 (en
EP0377144A2 (en
Inventor
Leonard Kreitmeier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Nokia Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Deutschland GmbH filed Critical Nokia Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP0377144A2 publication Critical patent/EP0377144A2/en
Publication of EP0377144A3 publication Critical patent/EP0377144A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0377144B1 publication Critical patent/EP0377144B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/04—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for correcting frequency response
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R27/00—Public address systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for correcting the distortion of the loudness sensation caused by the diffuse sound generated in the reproduction room in the case of a sound event reproduced by a sound transducer system, which consists of a direct sound component and a diffuse sound component.
  • the playback device emits the sound event towards the listener, then the sound at the listening location is composed of the direct sound and the diffuse sound.
  • the intensity of direct sound increases with the distance between the sound source and listening location linear, while the intensity of the diffuse sound is independent of this distance.
  • the distance at which the intensity of direct sound and diffuse sound are equal is called the reverberation radius.
  • the diffuse sound has a frequency-dependent loudness which is falsified in relation to the direct sound, so that a listener of the sound event reproduced by a sound transducer system obtains a falsified loudness impression.
  • Zwicker-Feldtkeller The ear as a message recipient
  • this error has been corrected in that the loudspeakers which emit different frequency ranges have a specifically different bundling.
  • the technical problem underlying the invention therefore consists in specifying a correction method which achieves the same result with less effort and which can therefore be used in everyday transmission devices for a sound event, such as a television set or a car radio.
  • the desired technical solution should apply in the event that the listening location is to be arranged at a distance from the sound transducer system which is larger than the reverberation radius.
  • the diffuse sound component at the listening location is tuned to the same loudness profile that a sound transducer with linear sound pressure characteristics would have in the anechoic room.
  • the implementation of the solution in practice takes place in that the electrical signal of the sound event is distorted in such a way that the practically exclusively present diffuse sound component at the listening location has such a loudness curve as the loudness curve of a direct sound generated by the undistorted electrical signal of the sound event.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the reproduction of a reproduced sound event in a room, in which the z. B. sound event stored on a record or the wirelessly transmitted sound event is emitted by the loudspeaker 1.
  • the sound event reaches the listener 2 at the listening location in two different ways, namely on the one hand as direct sound D and on the other hand as diffuse sound I.
  • D direct sound
  • diffuse sound I diffuse sound
  • the frequency-dependent difference between the loudness perception for direct sound D and diffuse sound I at the listening location is shown in the diagram in FIG. 2.
  • This diagram shows that diffuse sound is perceived as louder in the frequency range between 300 Hz and 1.5 kHz, quieter in the frequency range between 2 and 5 kHz, and louder in the frequency range between 5 and 20 kHz.
  • the sound intensity must be distorted according to the diagram in FIG. 3.
  • This diagram shows that the frequencies between 300 Hz and 1.5 kHz have to be reduced in the sound pressure curve, the frequencies between 2 and 5 kHz have to be raised and the frequencies between 5 and 20 kHz have to be reduced again.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates how this can be achieved with a free-standing television or a free-standing loudspeaker box 3. All loudspeakers of the loudspeaker box 3 emit a sound which was generated by an LF signal which has been distorted either by the crossover 4 or the amplifier 5 in such a way that the diffuse sound at the listening location produces a loudness sensation which corresponds to that of an undistorted electrical signal of the sound event generated corresponds to direct sound.
  • the same result can also be achieved with loudspeakers arranged in a motor vehicle.
  • the sound generated by the distorted LF signal is emitted by the loudspeakers 6 installed at various locations in the motor vehicle, the occupants of the motor vehicle hear a diffuse sound, the loudness profile of which corresponds to that of the direct sound.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)
  • Tone Control, Compression And Expansion, Limiting Amplitude (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Korrektur der durch den im Wiedergaberaum erzeugten Diffusschall bewirkten Verfälschung der Lautheitsempfindung bei einem durch ein Schallwandlersystem reproduzierten Schallereignis, welches aus einem Direktschallanteil und einem Diffusschallanteil besteht.The invention relates to a method for correcting the distortion of the loudness sensation caused by the diffuse sound generated in the reproduction room in the case of a sound event reproduced by a sound transducer system, which consists of a direct sound component and a diffuse sound component.

Ein solches Verfahren ist bekannt (siehe EP-A-160 431 oder Aufsatz: "Anatomie eines aktiven Vierweg-Lautsprechers" in FUNKSCHAU 1980, H.7, S. 85-87 und H.8, S. 113, 114).Such a method is known (see EP-A-160 431 or article: "Anatomy of an active four-way loudspeaker" in FUNKSCHAU 1980, H.7, p. 85-87 and H.8, p. 113, 114).

Wenn bei der Wiedergabe eines auf einem Tonträger gespeicherten reproduzierten Schallereignisses die Wiedergabe-Vorrichtung das Schallereignis in Richtung auf den Zuhörer abstrahlt, dann setzt sich der Schall am Hörort aus dem Direktschall und dem Diffusschall zusammen. Wie allgemein bekannt, nimmt die Intensität des Direktschalles mit dem Abstand zwischen Schallquelle und Hörort linear ab, während die Intensität des Diffusschalles von diesem Abstand unabhängig ist. Der Abstand, bei dem die Intensität von Direktschall und Diffusschall gleich sind, wird als Hallradius bezeichnet.If, when a reproduced sound event stored on a sound carrier is played back, the playback device emits the sound event towards the listener, then the sound at the listening location is composed of the direct sound and the diffuse sound. As is well known, the intensity of direct sound increases with the distance between the sound source and listening location linear, while the intensity of the diffuse sound is independent of this distance. The distance at which the intensity of direct sound and diffuse sound are equal is called the reverberation radius.

Wie weiterhin allgemein bekannt, weist der Diffusschall eine gegenüber dem Direktschall verfälschte frequenzabhängige Lautheit auf, so daß ein Hörer des von einem Schallwandlersystem reproduzierten Schallereignisses einen verfälschten Lautheitseindruck erhält. Dieser Sachverhalt ist in dem Buch von Zwicker-Feldtkeller "Das Ohr als Nachrichtenempfänger" S. Hirzel-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1967, Seiten 121 und 122 beschrieben.As is also generally known, the diffuse sound has a frequency-dependent loudness which is falsified in relation to the direct sound, so that a listener of the sound event reproduced by a sound transducer system obtains a falsified loudness impression. This situation is described in the book by Zwicker-Feldtkeller "The ear as a message recipient" S. Hirzel-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1967, pages 121 and 122.

Bei der bekannten Wiedergabevorrichtung ist dieser Fehler dadurch korrigiert worden, daß die verschiedene Frequenzbereiche abstrahlenden Lautsprecher eine gezielte unterschiedliche Bündelung aufweisen.In the known playback device, this error has been corrected in that the loudspeakers which emit different frequency ranges have a specifically different bundling.

Diese bekannte Lösung erfordert einen erheblichen Aufwand, welcher nur bei hochwertigen Musikübertragungsanlagen gerechtfertigt ist.This known solution requires considerable effort, which is justified only with high-quality music transmission systems.

Das der Erfindung zugrunde liegende technische Problem besteht deshalb darin, ein Korrekturverfahren anzugeben, welches das gleiche Resultat mit geringerem Aufwand erzielt und welches daher bei alltäglichen Übertragungsvorrichtungen eines Schallereignisses, wie einem Fernsehgerät oder einem Autoradio, angewendet werden kann. Die angestrebte technische Lösung soll für den Fall gelten, daß der Hörort in einem Abstand vom Schallwandlersystem angeordnet sein soll, welcher größer als der Hallradius ist.The technical problem underlying the invention therefore consists in specifying a correction method which achieves the same result with less effort and which can therefore be used in everyday transmission devices for a sound event, such as a television set or a car radio. The desired technical solution should apply in the event that the listening location is to be arranged at a distance from the sound transducer system which is larger than the reverberation radius.

Die Lösung dieses technischen Problems besteht darin, daß unter gleichzeitiger Vernachlässigung des Direktschallanteils der Diffusschallanteil am Hörort auf den gleichen Lautheitsverlauf abgestimmt wird, den ein Schallwandler mit linearer Schalldruckcharakteristik im schalltoten Raum aufweisen würde.The solution to this technical problem is that, while neglecting the direct sound component, the diffuse sound component at the listening location is tuned to the same loudness profile that a sound transducer with linear sound pressure characteristics would have in the anechoic room.

Die Umsetzung der Lösung in die Praxis erfolgt dadurch, daß das elektrische Signal des Schallereignisses derart verzerrt wird, daß am Hörort der praktisch ausschließlich vorhandene Diffusschallanteil einen solchen Lautheitsverlauf aufweist, wie der Lautheitsverlauf eines vom unverzerrten elektrischen Signal des Schallereignisses erzeugten Direktschalles.The implementation of the solution in practice takes place in that the electrical signal of the sound event is distorted in such a way that the practically exclusively present diffuse sound component at the listening location has such a loudness curve as the loudness curve of a direct sound generated by the undistorted electrical signal of the sound event.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 8 enthalten. Sie ist nachstehend anhand der Figuren 1 bis 6 erläutert.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are contained in claims 2 to 8. It is explained below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
schematisch die Anordnung zur Wiedergabe eines reproduzierten Schallereignisses in einem Raum,
Fig. 2
ein Diagramm, welches die frequenzabhängige Differenz der Lautheit zwischen Direktschall und Diffusschall im Hörort wiedergibt,
Fig. 3
das Diagramm der frequenzabhängigen Korrekturgröße,
Fig. 4
die Verwirklichung der Erfindung bei einem Fernsehgerät oder einer Regalbox,
Fig. 5
die Verwirklichung der Erfindung bei einer PKW-Übertragungsanlage und
Fig. 6
ein Diagramm, welches den Schalldruckpegel in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz nach Korrektur des Lautheitseindrucks am Hörort wiedergibt.
Show it:
Fig. 1
schematically the arrangement for reproducing a reproduced sound event in a room,
Fig. 2
a diagram which shows the frequency-dependent difference in loudness between direct sound and diffuse sound in the listening location,
Fig. 3
the diagram of the frequency-dependent correction variable,
Fig. 4
the implementation of the invention in a television set or a shelf box,
Fig. 5
the implementation of the invention in a car transmission system and
Fig. 6
a diagram which shows the sound pressure level as a function of frequency after correction of the loudness impression at the listening location.

Fig. 1 verdeutlicht die Wiedergabe eines reproduzierten Schallereignisses in einem Raum, bei welcher das entweder z. B. auf einer Schallplatte gespeicherte Schallereignis oder das drahtlos übertragene Schallereignis von dem Lautsprecher 1 abgestrahlt wird. Das Schallereignis gelangt auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen zum Hörer 2 am Hörort, nämlich einerseits als Direktschall D und andererseits als Diffusschall I. Wie bereits erwähnt, ist am Hörort, wenn der Abstand zwischen Lautsprecher und Hörort größer als der Hallradius ist, bei vernachlässigbarem Fehler nur noch der Diffusschall I wirksam. Das menschliche Ohr weist jedoch - wie allgemein bekannt - für den Diffusschall frequenzabhängig ein anderes Lautheitsempfinden auf.Fig. 1 illustrates the reproduction of a reproduced sound event in a room, in which the z. B. sound event stored on a record or the wirelessly transmitted sound event is emitted by the loudspeaker 1. The sound event reaches the listener 2 at the listening location in two different ways, namely on the one hand as direct sound D and on the other hand as diffuse sound I. As already mentioned, if the distance between loudspeaker and listening location is greater than the reverberation radius, there is only a negligible error the diffuse sound I effective. However, as is generally known, the human ear has a different loudness perception for diffuse sound, depending on the frequency.

Die frequenzabhängige Differenz zwischen dem Lautheitsempfinden für den Direktschall D und dem Diffusschall I am Hörort ist in dem Diagramm in Fig. 2 wiedergegeben.The frequency-dependent difference between the loudness perception for direct sound D and diffuse sound I at the listening location is shown in the diagram in FIG. 2.

Dieses Diagramm verdeutlicht, daß der Diffusschall im Frequenzbereich etwa zwischen 300 Hz und 1,5 kHz als lauter, im Frequenzbereich zwischen 2 und 5 kHz leiser, und im Frequenzbereich zwischen 5 und 20 kHz lauter empfunden wird. Um diese Verfälschung auszugleichen, muß die Schallintensität entsprechend dem Diagramm in Fig. 3 verzerrt werden. Dieses Diagramm verdeutlicht, daß die Frequenzen zwischen 300 Hz und 1,5 kHz im Schalldruckverlauf abgesenkt, die Frequenzen zwischen 2 und 5 kHz angehoben und die Frequenzen zwischen 5 und 20 kHz wieder abgesenkt werden müssen.This diagram shows that diffuse sound is perceived as louder in the frequency range between 300 Hz and 1.5 kHz, quieter in the frequency range between 2 and 5 kHz, and louder in the frequency range between 5 and 20 kHz. In order to compensate for this distortion, the sound intensity must be distorted according to the diagram in FIG. 3. This diagram shows that the frequencies between 300 Hz and 1.5 kHz have to be reduced in the sound pressure curve, the frequencies between 2 and 5 kHz have to be raised and the frequencies between 5 and 20 kHz have to be reduced again.

Fig. 4 verdeutlicht, wie dies bei einem freistehenden Fernsehgerät oder einer freistehenden Lautsprecherbox 3 verwirklicht werden kann. Sämtliche Lautsprecher der Lautsprecherbox 3 strahlen einen Schall ab, der von einem NF-Signal erzeugt wurde, das entweder durch die Weiche 4 oder den Verstärker 5 derart verzerrt worden ist, daß der Diffusschall am Hörort ein Lautheitsempfinden erzeugt, welches dem von einem unverzerrten elektrischen Signal des Schallereignisses erzeugten Direktschall entspricht.Fig. 4 illustrates how this can be achieved with a free-standing television or a free-standing loudspeaker box 3. All loudspeakers of the loudspeaker box 3 emit a sound which was generated by an LF signal which has been distorted either by the crossover 4 or the amplifier 5 in such a way that the diffuse sound at the listening location produces a loudness sensation which corresponds to that of an undistorted electrical signal of the sound event generated corresponds to direct sound.

Das gleiche Ergebnis kann auch mit in einem Kraftfahrzeug angeordneten Lautsprechern erzielt werden. Der von dem verzerrten NF-Signal erzeugte Schall wird von den an verschiedenen Orten im Kraftfahrzeug eingebauten Lautsprechern 6 abgestrahlt, die Insassen des Kraftfahrzeuges hören einen Diffusschall, dessen Lautheitsverlauf dem des Direktschalles entspricht.The same result can also be achieved with loudspeakers arranged in a motor vehicle. The sound generated by the distorted LF signal is emitted by the loudspeakers 6 installed at various locations in the motor vehicle, the occupants of the motor vehicle hear a diffuse sound, the loudness profile of which corresponds to that of the direct sound.

Durch die vorstehend beschriebene Maßnahme wird die Wiedergabe eines reproduzierten Schallereignisses am Hörort für alle Frequenzen gleichmäßig laut empfunden, wie dies das Diagramm gemäß Fig. 6 verdeutlicht.As a result of the measure described above, the reproduction of a reproduced sound event at the listening location is felt to be uniformly loud for all frequencies, as the diagram according to FIG. 6 illustrates.

Claims (8)

  1. Process for correcting distortion of the loudness sensitivity to an audible event reproduced by a sound transducer system, caused by reverberant sound generated in the listening room, said audible event consisting of a direct sound component and a reverberant sound component, characterised in that whilst ignoring the direct sound component the reverberant sound component is matched at the listening point to the same loudness response that a sound transducer with a linear sound pressure characteristic would have in the anechoic chamber.
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the matching is effected by distorting the audio-frequency signal corresponding to the audible event.
  3. Process according to Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the distortion is effected in an amplifier.
  4. Process according to Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the distortion is effected in a crossover network.
  5. Device for implementing the process according to at least one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a number of loudspeakers each possessing special reproduction characteristics for one frequency range (low-frequency, mid-range or high-frequency loudspeakers) is provided as the sound transducer system, said loudspeakers being connected to an audio-frequency electrical signal via a crossover network, said crossover network being constructed in such a way that it distorts the audio-frequency signal.
  6. Device for implementing the process according to at least one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a number of loudspeakers each possessing special reproduction characteristics for one frequency range (low-frequency, mid-range or high-frequency loudspeakers) is provided as the sound transducer system, said loudspeakers being connected to an amplifier having a built-in device for distorting the electrical signal fed to the sound transducer system.
  7. Device according to Claim 6, characterised in that the amplifier has adjustable gain.
  8. Device according to Claim 5, characterised in that the crossover network can be controlled.
EP89122993A 1989-01-03 1989-12-13 Method and device for correcting a distortion of the loudness perception of a reproduced-sound presentation Expired - Lifetime EP0377144B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3900044A DE3900044A1 (en) 1989-01-03 1989-01-03 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CORRECTING A DISTORTION OF THE LOUDNESS SENSATION OF A REPRODUCED SOUND EVENT
DE3900044 1989-01-03

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0377144A2 EP0377144A2 (en) 1990-07-11
EP0377144A3 EP0377144A3 (en) 1991-08-28
EP0377144B1 true EP0377144B1 (en) 1994-06-01

Family

ID=6371532

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89122993A Expired - Lifetime EP0377144B1 (en) 1989-01-03 1989-12-13 Method and device for correcting a distortion of the loudness perception of a reproduced-sound presentation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0377144B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3900044A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210368267A1 (en) * 2018-07-20 2021-11-25 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Stereophonic balance of displays

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4109107A (en) * 1977-07-05 1978-08-22 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Method and apparatus for frequency compensation of electro-acoustical transducer and its environment
FR2514213A1 (en) * 1981-10-05 1983-04-08 Carpentier Claude AF amplifier with pre-adjusted equalisation for motor vehicle - has retractable panel with replaceable integrated circuit containing passive elements to modify frequency response
EP0160431B1 (en) * 1984-04-09 1990-09-19 Pioneer Electronic Corporation Sound field correction system
DE3707232A1 (en) * 1987-03-06 1988-09-15 Thomson Brandt Gmbh SPEAKER BOX WITH MULTIPLE CROSSOVER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0377144A3 (en) 1991-08-28
DE58907779D1 (en) 1994-07-07
DE3900044A1 (en) 1990-07-05
EP0377144A2 (en) 1990-07-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2953625C2 (en) Circuit arrangement for controlling a vibration unit
DE2806914C2 (en) Sound reproduction system
DE2146197C3 (en) Multi-dimensional stereophonic playback system
DE2910117C2 (en) Loudspeaker combination for the reproduction of a two-channel or multi-channel sound event
DE3023291A1 (en) ACOUSTIC FILTER FOR A COAXIAL SPEAKER SYSTEM
DE2624568A1 (en) STEREOPHONIC PLAYBACK DEVICE
DE3907275A1 (en) SOUND SYSTEM
EP0377144B1 (en) Method and device for correcting a distortion of the loudness perception of a reproduced-sound presentation
WO1995030323A1 (en) Process and device for compensating for acoustic distortion
EP0377142B1 (en) Method and device for correcting a distortion of the loudness perception of a reproduced sound presentation
DE19533946C2 (en) Method and circuit arrangement for dividing a frequency mixture into several sub-frequency bands, in particular for loudspeakers
DE2945783C2 (en) Sound signal amplifier circuit
DE19956690A1 (en) Public address system
EP0025509B1 (en) Process for stereophonic transmission and means for carrying out the method
DE2557516C3 (en) Headphone system
DE2652101A1 (en) Ultrasonic transmission system for stereo headphones - has sound source replaced by transducers and receivers mounted on headset
DE4447269C1 (en) Frequency filter for multi-path loudspeaker systems with enhanced phase characteristic
DE19601786C2 (en) Method and device for pneumatic hearing curve linearization when playing music
EP1238567A2 (en) Method for fixing the hifi position of an audio system
EP1182906B1 (en) Device for the reproduction of audio signals
DE2652780A1 (en) AUDIO SYSTEM CHECK
CH241448A (en) Method and device for stereophonic sound transmission.
DE940048C (en) Device for stereophonic sound transmission
DE867308C (en) Method for stereophonic recording and reproduction of sound vibrations
DE969503C (en) Space plastic playback device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19911216

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: NOKIA (DEUTSCHLAND) GMBH

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19931118

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: JACOBACCI CASETTA & PERANI S.P.A.

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 58907779

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19940707

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19940609

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19961204

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19961211

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19970210

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19970214

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19971213

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19971231

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19971231

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: NOKIA (DEUTSCHLAND) G.M.B.H.

Effective date: 19971231

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19971213

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980901

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20051213