EP0376822B1 - Riveting method and apparatus - Google Patents

Riveting method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0376822B1
EP0376822B1 EP19890403618 EP89403618A EP0376822B1 EP 0376822 B1 EP0376822 B1 EP 0376822B1 EP 19890403618 EP19890403618 EP 19890403618 EP 89403618 A EP89403618 A EP 89403618A EP 0376822 B1 EP0376822 B1 EP 0376822B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parts
pressure
rivet
blank
actuators
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EP19890403618
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0376822A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Sell
Jacques Jaillon
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Recoules Automation
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Recoules Automation
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method for setting rivets and a device for implementing said method, intended in particular, but not exclusively, for headless rivets (see for example US-A-4,048,708 and FR-A- 1,580,439 which correspond to the preambles of claims 1 and 2 respectively).
  • Riveting is a joining technique that has been used for a very long time. It consists in introducing into a hole common to two parts, a rivet comprising a head and a rod, then applying to the end of the rod opposite to the head, a pressure causing the deformation of this end to form a second head. The two assembled parts are thus trapped between the two heads. But it was found that the connection thus obtained was strengthened if the total volume of the orifice common to the two parts was filled with the material constituting the rivet.
  • US-A 4101 064 describes a riveting apparatus for headless rivets.
  • the outline of the rivet is introduced into the orifice by the upper dowel while being held in position by an elastic ring. But the lower dowel remains fixed, the lower sheet clamp making a downward movement during the formation of the heads. This results from a unique force acting from top to bottom.
  • US-A-4,048,708 describes a riveting process in which at least one head of the rivet is formed in the flare of a countersunk hole. A cylindrical boot is inserted into the hole and is symmetrically deformed in the longitudinal and radial directions. The excess parts of the heads are then removed by grating.
  • US-A-4133 096 describes a method and an apparatus for riveting in which the crushing of the rivet heads is obtained by displacement of two anvils towards one another. But the parts to be assembled are mounted floating relative to a fixed tool so that they move with the mobile tool.
  • the present invention is based on the idea that in order to obtain an effective riveting, whose resistance over time is optimal, the parts must not move during the formation of the rivet.
  • the formation of the heads is obtained by the same simultaneous pressure of the two snaps so that the assembly is, during the formation of the heads in perfect equilibrium which avoids the use mechanical guides of the type described in the prior art.
  • the movement of the snaps is controlled using a pressure gauge without any movement of the parts to be riveted.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of known devices and to allow a mechanically optimal fixing of two parts by riveting.
  • the limited pressure operation is intended to crush the rivet inside the cavity formed by the hole.
  • the application of an axial force leads, due to the reaction exerted on the other side of the rivet, to a radial expansion of the latter which firmly presses the external surface of the rivet against the internal wall of the hole.
  • the heads are formed by the simultaneous application of equal pressures and opposite directions exerted on the ends of the rivet, so as to form the heads.
  • the present invention also relates to a riveter designed for the implementation of the above process comprising a "C" frame and two main hydraulic cylinders mounted on the same axis in opposite directions, characterized in that: The two cylinders are actuated by a single pump through the two branches of the same pipe, the same pressure controlled by a pressure limiter being applied to the jacks, producing the crushing force, the pressure in the pipe being measured by a pressure gauge, a first sheet clamp being integral with the frame and a second sheet clamp being mounted on the rod of the lower jack via an auxiliary jack, a sequence valve being mounted in said pipe between the main jacks.
  • FIG. 1 to 7 two parts A and B are shown to be assembled.
  • the parts are, at first, clamped by a sheet clamp comprising an upper jaw 1 and a lower jaw 2.
  • One of the two jaws 1 or 2 is fixed (jaw 1 in the figure), while the second (jaw 2) is controlled by a pneumatic cylinder or any other similar means.
  • the clamping of the parts A and B is of course ensured by the movable jaw 2, the reaction coming from the fixed jaw 1.
  • a chuck 3 which is in the low position.
  • the action of the pneumatic cylinder is symbolized by the arrow F S.
  • the next operation consists of drilling with a drill bit 4 which can pass through parts A and B to form, in them, a cylindrical orifice 5.
  • a clamp 6 brings then the blank of the rivet 7 and makes it penetrate into the hole 5.
  • the blank can slide freely in the orifice 5 , until its lower end comes into contact, as shown in Figure 4, with the lower chuck 3.
  • the term "lower” refers to the accompanying drawings. It will be noted that, although the parts A and B have been shown in a horizontal position, the method can be implemented regardless of the position of the different members involved in the process.
  • the clamp 6 then disappears, and an upper bolt 9, adjustable on the rod 8 of an upper cylinder 10, descends, or more generally moves, so as to reach a position of level x1 with respect to the upper surface of the part A.
  • the lower head 3 occupies a position such that its upper surface is spaced x de from the lower surface of the part B.
  • the rod 7 of the rivet rests, by its end lower, on the upper surface of the rivet 3.
  • a first movement of the rivet 3 causes the rivet 7 to rise, so that its upper end comes to bear against the rivet 9 immobilized at the distance x1, this dimension making it possible to share correctly the material of the rivet on either side of the parts to be assembled, so as to obtain correct dimensions of the heads of the rivet.
  • This first step can be replaced by the next if the section of the rivet rod is slightly greater than the section of the hole, to obtain a fitting assembly.
  • the rivet 7 is forced into the hole 5 by action of the chuck 9.
  • the insertion force is contained by the sheet clamp 2 so as to that parts A and B are not subjected to any vertical stress.
  • the pressure of the upper bolt is maintained until the lower part of the rivet suddenly comes into contact with the bolt 3. It was found that this shock caused a release of the tensions resulting from the force of the rivet.
  • the final step which consists in the formation of the rivet heads is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the same force F2 that is to say the same pressure
  • the snaps 3 and 9 which avoids the application on parts A and B of undesirable stresses. It is thus possible to obtain control of the value applied for crushing the rivet.
  • the formation of the heads, on either side of the parts to be assembled, is obtained, according to a characteristic of the invention, by the known balanced and adjustable thrust of jacks whose rods are secured respectively to the snaps 3 and 9.
  • the two pressure systems are mechanically independent. Parts A and B constitute the fixed reference plane with respect to the two jacks constituting the driving elements.
  • FIG. 8 represents a riveting machine allowing the implementation of the method.
  • elements such as sheet clamps 1 and 2, the parts to be assembled A and B, the lower bolt 3 and the upper bolt 9, these bolts, for the sake of simplification, being shown as the rods of two opposing cylinders, respectively 11 and 12, integral with a frame 13.
  • the two cylinders 11, 12 are controlled by a pump 14 driven by a motor 15.
  • the pump 14 is connected to a reservoir 16. It acts by through a distributor 17 through the pipe 18 on the actuator 11 at first, which allows to have the chuck 3 at the x2 level ( Figure 4).
  • a sequence valve 19 is also mounted, the outlet pipe 20 of which is connected to the jack 12.
  • Pressure gauges 21 are mounted on the outlets 22 and 23 of the jack 12 and 11.
  • the jacks 11 and 12 have, after opening of the sequence valve 19, a common supply from the pump 14. An identical pressure is therefore established in the jacks 11 and 12 during the formation of the heads of the rivet which constitutes the final phase of the process, on either side of the heads to be assembled.
  • a pressure limiter 24 is mounted on the outlet pipe 22 of the jack 12. It fixes the pressure maximum that can be applied by the cylinders.
  • a pressure reducer 25 is mounted between the pressure limiter 21 and the outlet of the jack 12. The reducer 25 makes it possible to vary the resulting push of the upper jack 12 so that the balance between the push of the jack 11 and the push of the cylinder 12 is constantly maintained during the crushing phase of the rivet heads.
  • a distributor 26, connected to the pipe 20, allows the displacement upwards of the jack rod 9, when the riveting operation is finished.
  • the sheet clamp 2 is subjected to the action of a pneumatic cylinder 28 integral with the rod of the cylinder 11, in order to avoid excessively large strokes of the blank holder 2.
  • a pipe 27 connects the outlet 23 from cylinder 11 to distributor 17 to allow the rod 3 to descend.
  • the operation of the device is as follows: After drilling the two pieces of sheet metal to be assembled A and B, the rivet is introduced into the orifice 5 as indicated above.
  • the motor 15 drives the pump 14 which, by the pipe 18, causes the bolt 3 to be fixed to the rod of the jack 11 at level x availability as shown in more detail in FIG. 4.
  • the bolt and the rod 9 of the jack 12 are then in a stationary position at the dimension x1 predetermined as a function of the diameter of the hole 5 and of the rivet 7.
  • the rivet is crushed by the bolt 3, the bolt 9 acting at this time as an anvil, so as to cause swelling of its middle part located in the orifice 5.
  • P1 a value
  • the present invention makes it possible to obtain a machine of relatively small dimensions, when the machine is mobile, or in any case, when the machine is stationary, with moderate arm sections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de pose de rivets et un dispositif de mise en oeuvre dudit procédé, destinés en particulier, mais non exclusivement, aux rivets sans tête (voir par exemple US-A-4 048 708 et FR-A-1 580 439 qui correspondent aux préambules des revendications 1 et 2 respectivement).The subject of the present invention is a method for setting rivets and a device for implementing said method, intended in particular, but not exclusively, for headless rivets (see for example US-A-4,048,708 and FR-A- 1,580,439 which correspond to the preambles of claims 1 and 2 respectively).

Le rivetage est une technique d'assemblage utilisée depuis très longtemps. Il consiste à introduire dans un orifice commun à deux pièces, un rivet comprenant une tête et une tige, puis à appliquer sur l'extrémité de la tige opposée à la tête, une pression provoquant la déformation de cette extrémité pour former une seconde tête. Les deux pièces assemblées sont ainsi emprisonnées entre les deux têtes. Mais on s'est aperçu que la liaison ainsi obtenue était confortée si le volume total de l'orifice commun aux deux pièces était rempli par la matière constituant le rivet.Riveting is a joining technique that has been used for a very long time. It consists in introducing into a hole common to two parts, a rivet comprising a head and a rod, then applying to the end of the rod opposite to the head, a pressure causing the deformation of this end to form a second head. The two assembled parts are thus trapped between the two heads. But it was found that the connection thus obtained was strengthened if the total volume of the orifice common to the two parts was filled with the material constituting the rivet.

Il a donc été proposé depuis longtemps d'utiliser des rivets sans tête, c'est-à-dire se présentant sous la forme d'une tige cylindrique, et de former dans un premier temps la tête d'un côté du rivet, en maintenant celui-ci et la pièce sur un support formant enclume, puis cette opération étant effectuée, de former la seconde tête en appliquant une pression sur le côté opposé du rivet, la première tête étant maintenue par une enclume donnant la force de réaction nécessaire.It has therefore been proposed for a long time to use headless rivets, that is to say in the form of a cylindrical rod, and to first form the head on one side of the rivet, now the latter and the part on a support forming an anvil, then this operation being performed, to form the second head by applying pressure to the opposite side of the rivet, the first head being held by an anvil giving the necessary reaction force.

Malheureusement, ces différentes pressions provoquent le plus souvent un déplacement des pièces à assembler, et la fixation obtenue n'est pas de bonne qualité.Unfortunately, these different pressures most often cause a displacement of the parts to be assembled, and the fixing obtained is not of good quality.

US-A 4101 064 décrit un appareil de rivetage pour des rivets sans tête. L'ébauche du rivet est introduite dans l'orifice par la bouterolle supérieure en étant maintenue en position par un anneau élastique. Mais la bouterolle inférieure reste fixe, le serre-tôle inférieur effectuant un mouvement vers le bas lors de la formation des têtes. Celle-ci résulte d'une force unique s'exerçant du haut en bas.US-A 4101 064 describes a riveting apparatus for headless rivets. The outline of the rivet is introduced into the orifice by the upper dowel while being held in position by an elastic ring. But the lower dowel remains fixed, the lower sheet clamp making a downward movement during the formation of the heads. This results from a unique force acting from top to bottom.

US-A-4 048 708 décrit un procédé de rivetage dans lequel au moins une tête du rivet est formée dans l'évasement d'un trou fraisé. Une embauche cylindrique est insérée dans le trou et est symétriquement déformée dans les directions longitudinale et radiale. Les parties excédentaires de têtes sont ensuite éliminées par râpage.US-A-4,048,708 describes a riveting process in which at least one head of the rivet is formed in the flare of a countersunk hole. A cylindrical boot is inserted into the hole and is symmetrically deformed in the longitudinal and radial directions. The excess parts of the heads are then removed by grating.

US-A-4133 096 décrit un procédé et un appareil de rivetage dans lequel l'écrasement des têtes de rivet est obtenu par déplacement de deux enclumes l'une vers l'autre. Mais les pièces à assembler sont montées flottantes par rapport à un outil fixe de manière à ce qu'elles se déplacent avec l'outil mobile.US-A-4133 096 describes a method and an apparatus for riveting in which the crushing of the rivet heads is obtained by displacement of two anvils towards one another. But the parts to be assembled are mounted floating relative to a fixed tool so that they move with the mobile tool.

Dans US-A 4192 058, les pièces sont déplacées durant les opérations. Dans un premier temps, la tête inférieure est ébauchée, puis dans un deuxième temps, on forme définitivement le rivet.In US-A 4192 058, the parts are moved during the operations. Initially, the lower head is roughed out, then in a second stage, the rivet is definitively formed.

La présente invention repose sur l'idée que pour obtenir un rivetage efficace, dont la tenue dans le temps soit optimale, les pièces ne doivent pas se déplacer durant la formation du rivet. Par un positionnement approprié de l'ébauche ou tige de rivet, la formation des têtes est obtenue par une même pression simultanée des deux bouterolles de sorte que l'ensemble soit, lors de la formation des têtes en équilibre parfait ce qui évite l'emploi de guidages mécaniques du type de ceux qui sont décrits dans l'art antérieur. Le mouvement des bouterolles est contrôlé à l'aide d'un manomètre sans aucun déplacement des pièces à riveter.The present invention is based on the idea that in order to obtain an effective riveting, whose resistance over time is optimal, the parts must not move during the formation of the rivet. By appropriate positioning of the blank or rivet rod, the formation of the heads is obtained by the same simultaneous pressure of the two snaps so that the assembly is, during the formation of the heads in perfect equilibrium which avoids the use mechanical guides of the type described in the prior art. The movement of the snaps is controlled using a pressure gauge without any movement of the parts to be riveted.

La présente invention a pour objet de pallier les inconvénients des dispositifs connus et de permettre une fixation mécaniquement optimale de deux pièces par rivetage.The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of known devices and to allow a mechanically optimal fixing of two parts by riveting.

Selon la présente invention, le procédé de rivetage d'au moins deux pièces par écrasement des extrémités d'une ébauche cylindrique entre deux bouterolles, portées par des tiges de vérins, mobiles perpendiculairement au plan de référence des pièces , comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • serrage des pièces l'une contre l'autre dans le plan de référence;
  • perçage d'un trou dont le diamètre est sensiblement égal à celui de l'ébauche;
  • introduction de l'ébauche dans le trou, l'ébauche étant, dans un premier temps, positionnée symétriquement par rapport au plan de référence et maintenue par contact à l'intérieur du trou, les deux bouterolles étant en contact avec les extrémités de l'ébauche;
est caractérisé en ce que:
  • l'on applique, dans un deuxième temps, simultanément, une pression hydraulique produisant sur les bouterolles l'application de deux forces égales et de sens opposés,en direction des pièces l'équilibre entre la poussée des vérins supérieur et inférieur (11,12) étant constamment maintenu au cours de l'écrasement des têtes de rivet, le plan de référence restant fixe.
According to the present invention, the method of riveting at least two parts by crushing the ends of a cylindrical blank between two bolts, carried by rods of jacks, movable perpendicular to the reference plane of the parts, comprising the following steps:
  • clamping of the parts against each other in the reference plane;
  • drilling a hole whose diameter is substantially equal to that of the blank;
  • introduction of the blank into the hole, the blank being, initially, positioned symmetrically with respect to the reference plane and maintained by contact inside the hole, the two dowels being in contact with the ends of the draft;
is characterized in that:
  • we apply, in a second step, simultaneously, a hydraulic pressure producing on the stoppers the application of two equal forces and opposite directions, towards the parts the balance between the thrust of the upper and lower cylinders (11,12 ) being constantly maintained during the crushing of the rivet heads, the reference plane remaining fixed.

Ainsi, dans un premier temps, l'opération de pression limitée est destinée à écraser le rivet à l'intérieur de la cavité constituée par le trou. L'application d'une force axiale conduit, en raison de la réaction exercée de l'autre côté du rivet, à une expansion radiale de celui-ci qui applique fermement la surface externe du rivet contre la paroi interne du trou. Puis, dans un second temps, les têtes sont formées par application simultanée de pressions égales et de sens opposés exercées sur les extrémités du rivet, de manière à former les têtes. Ainsi, les deux pièces sont assemblées; non seulement par l'existence des têtes, mais également par un contact intime entre la paroi externe latérale du rivet et la surface interne du trou.Thus, initially, the limited pressure operation is intended to crush the rivet inside the cavity formed by the hole. The application of an axial force leads, due to the reaction exerted on the other side of the rivet, to a radial expansion of the latter which firmly presses the external surface of the rivet against the internal wall of the hole. Then, in a second step, the heads are formed by the simultaneous application of equal pressures and opposite directions exerted on the ends of the rivet, so as to form the heads. Thus, the two parts are assembled; not only by the existence of the heads, but also by an intimate contact between the lateral external wall of the rivet and the internal surface of the hole.

La présente invention vise également une riveteuse conçue pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus comprenant un bâti en "C" et deux vérins hydrauliques principaux montés sur un même axe en directions opposées, caractérisée en ce que : Les deux vérins sont actionnés par une pompe unique à travers les deux branches d'une même canalisation, la même pression contrôlée par un limiteur de pression étant appliquée sur les vérins, produisant la force d'écrasement, la pression dans la canalisation étant mesurée par un manomètre, un premier serre-tôle étant solidaire du bâti et un second serre-tôle étant monté sur la tige du vérin inférieur par l'intermédiaire d'un vérin auxiliaire, une valve de séquence étant montée dans ladite canalisation entre les vérins principaux.The present invention also relates to a riveter designed for the implementation of the above process comprising a "C" frame and two main hydraulic cylinders mounted on the same axis in opposite directions, characterized in that: The two cylinders are actuated by a single pump through the two branches of the same pipe, the same pressure controlled by a pressure limiter being applied to the jacks, producing the crushing force, the pressure in the pipe being measured by a pressure gauge, a first sheet clamp being integral with the frame and a second sheet clamp being mounted on the rod of the lower jack via an auxiliary jack, a sequence valve being mounted in said pipe between the main jacks.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre d'un mode particulier de réalisation, donné uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard des dessins qui représentent :

  • les figures 1 à 7, les différentes étapes de constitution d'un rivet par le procédé selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 8, une vue schématique d'une riveteuse selon l'invention;
  • la figure 9, un diagramme représentant l'évolution des pressions au cours d'un cycle de rivetage.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the description which follows of a particular embodiment, given solely by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the drawings which represent:
  • Figures 1 to 7, the different stages of constitution of a rivet by the method according to the invention;
  • Figure 8, a schematic view of a riveter according to the invention;
  • FIG. 9, a diagram representing the evolution of the pressures during a riveting cycle.

Sur les figures 1 à 7, on a représenté deux pièces A et B à assembler. Les pièces sont, dans un premier temps, serrées par un serre-tôle comprenant une mâchoire supérieure 1 et une mâchoire inférieure 2. L'une des deux mâchoires 1 ou 2 est fixe (la mâchoire 1 sur la figure), alors que la seconde (mâchoire 2) est commandée par un vérin pneumatique ou tout autre moyen analogue. Le serrage des pièces A et B est bien entendu assuré par la mâchoire mobile 2, la réaction provenant de la mâchoire fixe 1. On distingue à la partie inférieure de la figure 1, une bouterolle 3 qui est en position basse. L'action du vérin pneumatique est symbolisée par la flèche FS.In Figures 1 to 7, two parts A and B are shown to be assembled. The parts are, at first, clamped by a sheet clamp comprising an upper jaw 1 and a lower jaw 2. One of the two jaws 1 or 2 is fixed (jaw 1 in the figure), while the second (jaw 2) is controlled by a pneumatic cylinder or any other similar means. The clamping of the parts A and B is of course ensured by the movable jaw 2, the reaction coming from the fixed jaw 1. At the bottom of FIG. 1, there is a chuck 3 which is in the low position. The action of the pneumatic cylinder is symbolized by the arrow F S.

Comme cela apparaît sur la figure 2, l'opération suivante consiste dans le perçage à l'aide d'une mèche 4 qui peut traverser les pièces A et B pour former, dans celles-ci, un orifice cylindrique 5. Une pince 6 amène ensuite l'ébauche du rivet 7 et fait pénétrer celle-ci dans le trou 5. Dans le cas où l'ébauche est d'un diamètre légèrement inférieur à celui d'une trace, l'ébauche peut coulisser librement dans l'orifice 5, jusqu'à ce que son extrémité inférieure vienne en contact, comme représenté sur la figure 4, avec la bouterolle inférieure 3. Le terme "inférieure" fait référence aux dessins annexés. On notera que, bien que les pièces A et B aient été représentées en position horizontale, le procédé peut être mis en oeuvre quelle que soit la position des différents organes impliqués dans le processus. La pince 6 s'éclipse alors, et une bouterolle supérieure 9, réglable sur la tige 8 d'un vérin supérieur 10, descend, ou plus généralement se déplace, de manière à atteindre une position de niveau x₁ par rapport à la surface supérieure de la pièce A. A ce moment, la bouterolle inférieure 3 occupe une position telle que sa surface supérieure soit distante de x₂ de la surface inférieure de la pièce B. Comme représenté sur la figure 4, la tige 7 du rivet repose, par son extrémité inférieure, sur la surface supérieure de la bouterolle 3. Un premier déplacement de la bouterolle 3 provoque la remontée du rivet 7, de sorte que son extrémité supérieure vienne en appui contre la bouterolle 9 immobilisée à la distance x₁, cette cote permettant de partager correctement la matière du rivet de part et d'autre des pièces à assembler, de manière à obtenir des dimensions correctes des têtes du rivet. Puis, une pression résultant de l'application à la force F₁, symbolisée par une flèche, est appliquée à la partie inférieure du rivet, la bouterolle 9 jouant le rôle d'enclume. Cette pression permet d'obtenir le remplissage du trou 5 par expansion radiale de la tige du rivet, ce qui supprime le jeu et améliore la qualité mécanique de l'ensemble.As shown in Figure 2, the next operation consists of drilling with a drill bit 4 which can pass through parts A and B to form, in them, a cylindrical orifice 5. A clamp 6 brings then the blank of the rivet 7 and makes it penetrate into the hole 5. In the case where the blank is of a diameter slightly less than that of a trace, the blank can slide freely in the orifice 5 , until its lower end comes into contact, as shown in Figure 4, with the lower chuck 3. The term "lower" refers to the accompanying drawings. It will be noted that, although the parts A and B have been shown in a horizontal position, the method can be implemented regardless of the position of the different members involved in the process. The clamp 6 then disappears, and an upper bolt 9, adjustable on the rod 8 of an upper cylinder 10, descends, or more generally moves, so as to reach a position of level x₁ with respect to the upper surface of the part A. At this moment, the lower head 3 occupies a position such that its upper surface is spaced x de from the lower surface of the part B. As shown in FIG. 4, the rod 7 of the rivet rests, by its end lower, on the upper surface of the rivet 3. A first movement of the rivet 3 causes the rivet 7 to rise, so that its upper end comes to bear against the rivet 9 immobilized at the distance x₁, this dimension making it possible to share correctly the material of the rivet on either side of the parts to be assembled, so as to obtain correct dimensions of the heads of the rivet. Then, a pressure resulting from the application to the force F₁, symbolized by an arrow, is applied to the lower part of the rivet, the snap 9 playing the role of anvil. This pressure makes it possible to obtain the filling of hole 5 by radial expansion of the rod of the rivet, which eliminates the play and improves the mechanical quality of the assembly.

Cette première étape peut être remplacée par la suivante si la section de la tige de rivet est légèrement supérieure à la section du trou, pour obtenir, un assemblage par emmanchement. Après positionnement du rivet par la pince 6 et retrait de celle-ci, le rivet 7 est introduit à force dans le trou 5 par action de la bouterolle 9. L'effort d'insertion est contenu par le serre-tôle 2 de manière à ce que les pièces A et B ne subissent aucune contrainte verticale. La pression de la bouterolle supérieure est maintenue jusqu'à ce que la partie inférieure du rivet vienne brutalement au contact de la bouterolle 3. Il s'est avéré que ce choc provoquait une libération des tensions résultant de l'introduction en force du rivet.This first step can be replaced by the next if the section of the rivet rod is slightly greater than the section of the hole, to obtain a fitting assembly. After positioning the rivet by the clamp 6 and removing it, the rivet 7 is forced into the hole 5 by action of the chuck 9. The insertion force is contained by the sheet clamp 2 so as to that parts A and B are not subjected to any vertical stress. The pressure of the upper bolt is maintained until the lower part of the rivet suddenly comes into contact with the bolt 3. It was found that this shock caused a release of the tensions resulting from the force of the rivet.

L'étape définitive qui consiste dans la formation des têtes de rivet est représentée sur la figure 7. Conformément à l'invention, on applique la même force F₂, c'est-à-dire la même pression, sur les bouterolles 3 et 9, ce qui évite l'application sur les pièces A et B de contraintes indésirables. Il est ainsi possible d'obtenir une maîtrise de la valeur appliquée pour l'écrasement du rivet. La formation des têtes, de part et d'autre des pièces à assembler, est obtenue, selon une caractéristique de l'invention, par la poussée équilibrée connue et réglable de vérins dont les tiges sont solidaires respectivement des bouterolles 3 et 9. Les deux systèmes de pression sont mécaniquement indépendants. Les pièces A et B constituent le plan de référence fixe par rapport aux deux vérins constituant les éléments moteurs.The final step which consists in the formation of the rivet heads is shown in FIG. 7. In accordance with the invention, the same force F₂, that is to say the same pressure, is applied to the snaps 3 and 9 , which avoids the application on parts A and B of undesirable stresses. It is thus possible to obtain control of the value applied for crushing the rivet. The formation of the heads, on either side of the parts to be assembled, is obtained, according to a characteristic of the invention, by the known balanced and adjustable thrust of jacks whose rods are secured respectively to the snaps 3 and 9. The two pressure systems are mechanically independent. Parts A and B constitute the fixed reference plane with respect to the two jacks constituting the driving elements.

La figure 8 représente une machine riveteuse permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé. On retrouve sur cette figure, des éléments précédemment mentionnés tels que les serre-tôles 1 et 2, les pièces à assembler A et B, la bouterolle inférieure 3 et la bouterolle supérieure 9, ces bouterolles, dans un souci de simplification, étant représentées comme les tiges de deux vérins antagonistes, respectivement 11 et 12, solidaires d'un bâti 13. Les deux vérins 11, 12 sont commandés par une pompe 14 entraînée par un moteur 15. La pompe 14 est connectée à un réservoir 16. Elle agit par l'intermédiaire d'un distributeur 17 à travers la canalisation 18 sur le vérin 11 dans un premier temps, ce qui permet de disposer la bouterolle 3 au niveau x₂ (figure 4). Sur la canalisation 18, est également montée une valve de séquence 19, dont la canalisation de sortie 20 est reliée au vérin 12. Des manomètres 21 sont montés sur les sorties 22 et 23 des vérin 12 et 11. Les vérins 11 et 12 ont, après ouverture de la valve de séquence 19, une alimentation commune à partir de la pompe 14. Il s'établit donc une pression identique dans les vérins 11 et 12 lors de la formation des têtes du rivet qui constitue la phase finale du procédé, de part et d'autre des têtes à assembler. Un limiteur de pression 24 est monté sur la canalisation 22 de sortie du vérin 12. Il fixe la pression maximale pouvant être appliquée par les vérins. Entre le limiteur de pression 21 et la sortie du vérin 12, est monté un réducteur de pression 25. Le réducteur 25 permet de faire varier la poussée résultante du vérin supérieur 12 afin que l'équilibre entre la poussée du vérin 11 et la poussée du vérin 12 soit constamment maintenu lors de la phase d'écrasement des têtes de rivet. Un distributeur 26, branché sur la canalisation 20, permet le déplacement vers le haut de la tige de vérin 9, lorsque l'opération de rivetage est terminée. Comme indiqué précédemment, le serre-tôle 2 est soumis à l'action d'un vérin pneumatique 28 solidaire de la tige du vérin 11, afin d'éviter des courses trop importantes du serre-flan 2. Une canalisation 27 relie la sortie 23 du vérin 11 au distributeur 17 pour permettre la descente de la tige 3.FIG. 8 represents a riveting machine allowing the implementation of the method. We find in this figure, previously mentioned elements such as sheet clamps 1 and 2, the parts to be assembled A and B, the lower bolt 3 and the upper bolt 9, these bolts, for the sake of simplification, being shown as the rods of two opposing cylinders, respectively 11 and 12, integral with a frame 13. The two cylinders 11, 12 are controlled by a pump 14 driven by a motor 15. The pump 14 is connected to a reservoir 16. It acts by through a distributor 17 through the pipe 18 on the actuator 11 at first, which allows to have the chuck 3 at the x₂ level (Figure 4). On the pipe 18, a sequence valve 19 is also mounted, the outlet pipe 20 of which is connected to the jack 12. Pressure gauges 21 are mounted on the outlets 22 and 23 of the jack 12 and 11. The jacks 11 and 12 have, after opening of the sequence valve 19, a common supply from the pump 14. An identical pressure is therefore established in the jacks 11 and 12 during the formation of the heads of the rivet which constitutes the final phase of the process, on either side of the heads to be assembled. A pressure limiter 24 is mounted on the outlet pipe 22 of the jack 12. It fixes the pressure maximum that can be applied by the cylinders. Between the pressure limiter 21 and the outlet of the jack 12, a pressure reducer 25 is mounted. The reducer 25 makes it possible to vary the resulting push of the upper jack 12 so that the balance between the push of the jack 11 and the push of the cylinder 12 is constantly maintained during the crushing phase of the rivet heads. A distributor 26, connected to the pipe 20, allows the displacement upwards of the jack rod 9, when the riveting operation is finished. As indicated above, the sheet clamp 2 is subjected to the action of a pneumatic cylinder 28 integral with the rod of the cylinder 11, in order to avoid excessively large strokes of the blank holder 2. A pipe 27 connects the outlet 23 from cylinder 11 to distributor 17 to allow the rod 3 to descend.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif est le suivant :
Après perçage des deux pièces de tôle à assembler A et B, le rivet est introduit dans l'orifice 5 comme indiqué précédemment. Le moteur 15 entraîne la pompe 14 qui, par la canalisation 18, fait monter la bouterolle 3 solidaire de la tige du vérin 11 au niveau x₂ comme représenté plus en détail sur la figure 4. La bouterolle et la tige 9 du vérin 12 sont alors dans une position stationnaire à la cote x₁ prédéterminée en fonction du diamètre du trou 5 et du rivet 7. Le rivet est écrasé par la bouterolles 3, la bouterolle 9 faisant à ce moment fonction d'enclume, de manière à provoquer le gonflement de sa partie médiane se trouvant dans l'orifice 5. Lorsque la pression atteint une valeur P₁, comme représenté sur la figure 9, il se produit une ouverture de la valve de séquence 19, la pression P₁ se trouvant instantanément reportée par la canalisation 20 sur le piston du vérin 12. La pression continue à croître sensiblement linéairement, mais il s'agit de la même pression appliquée sur les tiges de vérin et leurs bouterolles 3 et 9. La pression continue à croître alors que les tiges de vérins se déplacent l'une vers l'autre, de manière à former les têtes de rivet, comme représenté sur la figure 7. Bien entendu, la forme des têtes (généralement plate ou bombée) dépend du profil intérieur de la bouterolle (non représenté). La pression appliquée sur les deux vérins antagonistes est limitée à une valeur P₂ prédéterminée (par exemple 7 tonnes) par le limiteur de pression 24. L'égalité de ces deux pressions est contrôlée par deux manomètres 21 qui peuvent asservir le réducteur 25. L'égalité des pressions, appliquées de part et d'autre, est en effet la condition nécessaire pour la bonne exécution du procédé selon l'invention, ce qui se traduit par l'absence de déformation des pièces A et B à assembler.The operation of the device is as follows:
After drilling the two pieces of sheet metal to be assembled A and B, the rivet is introduced into the orifice 5 as indicated above. The motor 15 drives the pump 14 which, by the pipe 18, causes the bolt 3 to be fixed to the rod of the jack 11 at level x niveau as shown in more detail in FIG. 4. The bolt and the rod 9 of the jack 12 are then in a stationary position at the dimension x₁ predetermined as a function of the diameter of the hole 5 and of the rivet 7. The rivet is crushed by the bolt 3, the bolt 9 acting at this time as an anvil, so as to cause swelling of its middle part located in the orifice 5. When the pressure reaches a value P₁, as shown in FIG. 9, there is an opening of the sequence valve 19, the pressure P₁ being instantly transferred by the line 20 to the cylinder piston 12. The pressure continues to increase substantially linearly, but it is the same pressure applied to the cylinder rods and their bolts 3 and 9. The pressure continues to increase while the s cylinder rods move towards each other, so as to form the rivet heads, as shown in FIG. 7. Of course, the shape of the heads (generally flat or domed) depends on the internal profile of the chisel (not shown). The pressure applied to the two opposing cylinders is limited to a predetermined value P₂ (for example 7 tonnes) by the pressure limiter 24. The equality of these two pressures is controlled by two manometers 21 which can control the reducer 25. The equal pressures, applied on both sides, is indeed the necessary condition for the proper execution of the method according to the invention, which results in the absence of deformation of the parts A and B to be assembled.

Lorsque l'écrasement des têtes de rivet est achevé, les distributeurs 17 et 26 s'inversent, et les tiges 3 et 9 des vérins reculent. Les pièces sont dégagées par le recul de la tige de vérin 11 et du serre-tôle 2, le vérin pneumatique 28 effectuant également un mouvement de retrait. Il y a alors déplacement relatif entre les pièces à assembler A et B et la riveteuse portée par le bâti 13.When the crushing of the rivet heads is complete, the distributors 17 and 26 are reversed, and the rods 3 and 9 of the jacks retreat. The parts are released by the retraction of the cylinder rod 11 and the sheet clamp 2, the pneumatic cylinder 28 also performing a withdrawal movement. There is then relative displacement between the parts to be assembled A and B and the riveter carried by the frame 13.

On notera que, jusqu'à ce jour, l'application de pressions importantes, notamment pour la formation des têtes de rivet, conduisait à des machines de grandes dimensions et de forte section pour éviter les flèches dues à l'application de pressions importantes. Par un équilibrage des forces appliquées, la présente invention permet d'obtenir une machine de dimensions relativement faibles, lorsque la machine est mobile, ou en tous cas, lorsque la machine est fixe, à des sections de bras modérées.It will be noted that, to date, the application of significant pressures, in particular for the formation of rivet heads, has led to machines of large dimensions and of large section in order to avoid the arrows due to the application of significant pressures. By balancing the applied forces, the present invention makes it possible to obtain a machine of relatively small dimensions, when the machine is mobile, or in any case, when the machine is stationary, with moderate arm sections.

Claims (2)

  1. A method of riveting at least two parts (A, B) by crushing the ends of a cylindrical blank (7) between two dies (3, 9) which are carried on the rods of actuators (11, 12) movable in a perpendicular direction with respect to the reference plane of the parts (A, B), said method comprising the following steps:
    · pressing the parts (A, B) against one another in the reference plane,
    · piercing a hole (5) of diameter substantially equal to that of the blank (7),
    · inserting the blank (7) into the hole (5), the blank (7) being positioned, during a first time period, symmetrically about the reference plane and being held by contact within the hole (5), the two dies (3, 9) being in contact with the ends of the blank (7);
    the method being characterized in that:
    · during a second time period, hydraulic pressure (P2) is applied simultaneously to both dies (3, 9) to apply two equal forces (F2) in opposite directions, along the direction of the parts (A, B), equilibrium between the thrusts of the upper and lower actuators (11, 12) being maintained constantly throughout the crushing of the rivet heads, the reference plane remaining fixed.
  2. A riveting machine designed to carry out the method according to claim 1, the machine comprising a "C"-shaped frame (13) and two main hydraulic actuators (11, 12) mounted on the same axis in opposite directions, the machine being characterized in that:
    both actuators (11, 12) are driven by a single pump (14) through two branches (18, 20) of a common pipe system, a common pressure (P2) controlled by a pressure limiter (24) being applied to the actuators (11, 12) to produce the crushing force (F2), the pressure (P2) in the pipe system being measured by a pressure gauge (21a), a first plate clamp (1) being integral with the frame (13) and a second plate clamp being mounted on the rod (3) of the lower actuator (11) via an auxiliary actuator (28), a sequencing valve (19) being mounted in said pipe system between the principal actuators (11, 12).
EP19890403618 1988-12-26 1989-12-22 Riveting method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0376822B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8817173 1988-12-26
FR8817173A FR2640897B1 (en) 1988-12-26 1988-12-26

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EP0376822A1 EP0376822A1 (en) 1990-07-04
EP0376822B1 true EP0376822B1 (en) 1994-07-27

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FR (1) FR2640897B1 (en)

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US5060362A (en) * 1990-07-10 1991-10-29 Gemcor Engineering Corp. Slug riveting method and apparatus with C-frame deflection compensation
US5259104A (en) * 1990-12-21 1993-11-09 The Boeing Company Rivet recovery method
DE102011002058A1 (en) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Böllhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH Hydraulically operated setting device with a hydraulic unit and a joining method for connecting at least two components
DE102013111594B4 (en) 2013-10-21 2015-04-30 Federal-Mogul Bremsbelag Gmbh Method for producing a carrier body with absorber mass for varying the vibration for a brake pad of a disc brake
US9815499B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2017-11-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Reinforced moldable rivet assembly for a vehicle
US10160029B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2018-12-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for assembling vehicle components with reinforced moldable rivet
CN109317594B (en) * 2018-11-26 2020-12-15 首都航天机械有限公司 Using method of pressure riveting and positioning tool for headless rivet
CN109433997A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-03-08 南京航空航天大学 A kind of spin friction squeezed riveting device and its clinching method
CN112157208A (en) * 2020-09-20 2021-01-01 广州市创搏装饰工程有限公司 Punching and riveting device for aluminum profile and punching and riveting method thereof
CN116197339B (en) * 2023-02-27 2023-07-25 宣城东海汽车转向部件有限公司 Sealing cover pressing and riveting device for automobile steering transmission shaft oil seal

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DE68917118D1 (en) 1994-09-01
EP0376822A1 (en) 1990-07-04
FR2640897B1 (en) 1994-05-06
FR2640897A1 (en) 1990-06-29
DE68917118T2 (en) 1995-01-26

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