EP0375931B1 - Procédé de pulvérisation de matériaux non fusibles par projection à grande vitesse des particules - Google Patents

Procédé de pulvérisation de matériaux non fusibles par projection à grande vitesse des particules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0375931B1
EP0375931B1 EP89121559A EP89121559A EP0375931B1 EP 0375931 B1 EP0375931 B1 EP 0375931B1 EP 89121559 A EP89121559 A EP 89121559A EP 89121559 A EP89121559 A EP 89121559A EP 0375931 B1 EP0375931 B1 EP 0375931B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
gas
combustion
chamber
nozzle
Prior art date
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EP89121559A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0375931A3 (fr
EP0375931A2 (fr
Inventor
Anthony J. Rotolico
Burton A. Kushner
Amr Aly
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Oerlikon Metco US Inc
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Perkin Elmer Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • B05B7/205—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/08—Flame spraying
    • B05D1/10—Applying particulate materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for producing a coating with a thermal spray gun, according to the preamble of claim 1
  • Thermal spraying also known as flame spraying, involves the melting or at least heat softening of a heat fusible material such as metal or ceramic, and propelling the softened material in particulate form against a surface which is to be coated. The heated particles strike the surface where they are quenched and bonded thereto.
  • a thermal spray gun is used for the purpose of both heating and propelling the particles.
  • the heat fusible material is supplied to the gun in powder form. Such powders are typically comprised of small particles, e.g., between 100 mesh U. S. Standard screen size (149 microns) and about 2 microns.
  • Heat for powder spraying is generally from a combustion flame or an arc-generated plasma flame.
  • the carrier gas which entrains and transports the powder, may be one of the combustion gases or an inert gas such as nitrogen, or it may simply be compressed air.
  • Quality coatings of certain thermal spray materials have been produced by spraying at high velocity. Plasma spraying has proven successful with high velocity in many respects but it can suffer from non-uniform heating and/or poor particle entrainment which must be effected by feeding powder laterally into the high velocity plasma stream.
  • U.S. Patent No.s 2,714,563 and 2,964,420 both Poorman et al disclose a detonation gun for blasting powdered material in a series of detonations to produce coatings such as metal bonded carbides. High density and tenacity of coatings are achieved by high impact of the powder particles, and the short dwell time in the heating zone minimizes oxidation at the high spray temperatures.
  • a rocket type of powder spray gun can produce excellent coatings of metals and metal bonded carbides, particularly tungsten carbide, and is typified in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,741,792 (Peck et al.) and 4,416,421 (Browning).
  • This type of gun has an internal combustion chamber with a high pressure combustion effluent directed through a nozzle chamber. Powder is fed laterally into the flame or into the nozzle chamber to be heated and propelled by the combustion effluent.
  • Short-nozzle spray devices are disclosed for high velocity spraying in French Patent No. 1,041,056 and U.S. Patent No. 2,317,173 (Bleakley). Powder is fed axially into a melting chamber within an annular flow of combustion gas. An annular air flow is injected coaxially outside of the combustion gas flow, along the wall of the chamber. The spray stream with the heated powder issues from the open end of the combustion chamber.
  • non-meltable powders such as certain carbides and nitrides cannot be sprayed into successful coatings without incorporating a binder into the material.
  • powders may be formed by cladding a metal onto a core of non-meltable material as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,254,970 (Dittrich et al.) or vice versa as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,655,425 (Longo and Patel).
  • compositioning has not been fully sufficient for producing high quality coatings and optimum deposit efficiency with conventional thermal spray guns, vis. plasma or low velocity combustion.
  • a method of applying a coating of a high melting point material to a workpiece had become known according to which the coating material employed consists alternatively of comminuted molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloy, nickel-molybdenum alloy, boron carbide, a tungsten carbide composition, a mixture of a soft metal powder with a powdered hard material, or a mixutre of iron, chromium and nickel powder.
  • the French 1148292 also disclosed a thermal spray method in which a powder is fed with high velocity and an increased temperature towards a substrate in order to cover the surface of the said substrate with different metals, alloys, metallic composites, plastic materials, ceramics and minerals.
  • thermoset polymer powders such as polyethylene melt easily and many can readily be thermal sprayed.
  • thermoset polymer powders generally do not melt, at least without first decomposing and/or oxidizing at the high thermal spraying temperature.
  • Certain of these thermoset powders as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,723,165 (Longo and Durman) (assigned to the predecessor in interest of the present assignee) may undergo a superficial chemical or physical modification of the polymer surface of each particle so as to become surface heat softenable.
  • An example is the poly (paraoxybenzoyl) ester powder described in U.S. Patent No. 3,784,405 (Economy et al).
  • such polyester may be utilized in a blend with aluminum alloy powder.
  • Plasma spraying such a blend has been highly successful for producing abradable coatings for gas turbine engine seals and the like.
  • the basic unmeltability of the polymer still results in poor deposit efficiency, so that even with the high heat available from a plasma gun, a significant portion of the polymer constituent is lost. Since this polymer is quite expensive, there is a need to improve the thermal spraying of the polymer-aluminum blend. There also has been an on-going need for improvements in abradability and erosion resistance of the coatings.
  • objects of the present invention are to provide an improved method for thermal spraying non-meltable materials, to provide a method for high velocity thermal spraying particles having a non-meltable component and a heat softenable component, to provide an improved method of including non-meltable particles in thermal sprayed coatings at reasonable cost, and to provide a method for producing improved coatings of certain thermoset plastics.
  • the polymer grains comprise poly(paraoxybenzoyl)ester.
  • the polymer grains consists essentially of a copolyester of poly(paraoxybenzoyl)ester.
  • the powder further also may comprise aluminum metalic component or aluminum base alloy powder.
  • the said particles comprise metallic particles.
  • the thermal spray gun includes a nozzle member with a nozzle face and a tubular gas cap extending from the nozzle member and having an inwardly facing cylindrical wall defining a combustion chamber with an open end and an opposite end bounded by the nozzle face.
  • This method comprises injecting an annular flow of combustible mixture of a combustion gas and oxygen from the nozzle coaxially into the combustion chamber, injecting an annular outer flow of pressurized non-combustible gas adjacent to the cylindrical wall radially outward of the annular flow of the combustible mixture, feeding a powder in a carrier gas axially from the nozzle into the combustion chamber and injecting an annular inner flow of pressurized gas from the nozzle member into the combustion chamber coaxially between the combustible mixture.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation of a thermal spray gun used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a section taken at 2-2 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlargement of the forward end of the section of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a section taken at 4-4 of FIG. 1, and a schematic of an associated powder feeding system.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the gun of FIG. 1 producing a supersonic spray stream according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is the view of FIG. 5 with a substrate in place.
  • FIG. 1 An example of a preferred thermal spray apparatus for effecting the present invention is disclosed in the not prepublished EP 0 341 672 of the applicant.
  • the apparatus is illustrated in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section thereof.
  • a thermal spray gun 10 has a gas head 12 with a tubular member in the form of a gas cap 14 mounted thereon, a valve portion 16 for supplying fuel, oxygen and air to the gas head, and a handle 17 .
  • the valve portion 16 has a hose connection 18 for a fuel gas, a hose connection 19 for oxygen and a hose connection 20 for air.
  • the three connections are connected respectively by hoses from a fuel source 21 , oxygen source 22 and air source 24 .
  • Orifices 25 in a cylindrical valve 26 control the flow of the respective gases from their connections into the gun.
  • the valve and associated components are, for example, of the type taught in U.S. Patent No. 3,530,892, and include a pair of valve levers 27 , and sealing means for each gas flow section that include plungers 28 , springs 29 and O-rings 30 .
  • a cylindrical siphon plug 31 is fitted in a corresponding bore in gas head 12 , and a plurality of O-rings 32 thereon maintain a gas-tight seal.
  • the siphon plug is provided with a tube 33 having a central passage 34 .
  • the siphon plug further has therein an annular groove 35 and a further annular groove 36 with a plurality of inter-connecting passages 38 (two shown).
  • a similar arrangement is provided to pass fuel gas from source 21 and a hose 46 through connection 18 , valve 26 and a passage 48 into groove 36 , mix with the oxygen, and pass as a combustible mixture through passages 50 aligned with passages 38 into an annular groove 52 .
  • Annular groove 52 feeds the mixture into a plurality of passages 53 in the rear section of a nozzle member 54 .
  • nozzle member 54 is conveniently constructed of a tubular inner portion 55 and a tubular outer portion 56 .
  • inner denotes toward the axis and “outer” denotes away from the axis.
  • forward or “forwardly” denotes toward the open end of the gun; “rear”, “rearward” or “rearwardly” denotes the opposite.
  • Outer portion 56 defines an outer annular orifice means for injecting the annular flow of the combustible mixture into the combustion chamber.
  • the orifice means preferably includes a forward annular opening 57 with a radially inward side bounded by an outer wall 58 of the inner portion.
  • the orifice system leading to the annular opening from passages 53 may be a plurality of arcuately spaced orifices, but preferably is an annular orifice 59 .
  • the combustible mixture flowing from the aligned grooves 52 thus passes through the orifice (or orifices) 59 to produce an annular flow which is ignited in annular opening 57 .
  • a nozzle nut 60 holds nozzle 54 and siphon plug 28 on gas head 12 .
  • Two further O-rings 61 are seated conventionally between nozzle 54 and siphon plug 31 for gas tight seals.
  • the burner nozzle 54 extends into gas cap 14 which is held in place by means of a retainer ring 64 and extends forwardly from the nozzle.
  • Nozzle member 54 is also provided with an axial bore 62 , for the powder in a carrier gas, extending forwardly from tube passage 33 .
  • the powder may be injected through a small-diameter ring of orifices (not shown) proximate the axis 63 of the gun.
  • a diagonal passage 64 extends rearwardly from tube 33 to a powder connection 65 .
  • a carrier hose 66 and, therefore, central bore 62 is receptive of powder from a powder feeder 67 entrained in a carrier gas from a pressurized gas source 68 such as compressed air by way of feed hose 66 .
  • Powder feeder 67 is of the conventional or desired type but must be capable of delivering the carrier gas at high enough pressure to provide powder into the chamber 82 in gun 10 .
  • air or other non-combustible gas is passed from source 24 and a hose 69 through its connection 20 , cylinder valve 26 , and a passage 70 to a space 71 in the interior of retainer ring 64 .
  • Lateral openings 72 in nozzle nut 60 communicate space 71 with a cylindrical combustion chamber 82 in gas cap 14 so that the air may flow as an outer sheath from space 71 through these lateral openings 72 , thence through an annular slot 84 between the outer surface of nozzle 54 , and an inwardly facing cylindrical wall 86 defining combustion chamber 82 into which slot 84 exits.
  • the flow continues through chamber 82 as an annular outer flow mixing with the inner flows, and out of the open end 88 in gas cap 14 .
  • Chamber 82 is bounded at its opposite, rearward end by face 89 of nozzle 54 .
  • combustion chamber 82 converges forwardly from the nozzle at an angle with the axis, most preferably between about 2° and 10°, e.g. 5°.
  • Slot 84 also converges forwardly at an angle with the axis, most preferably between about 12° and 16°, e.g. 14.5°.
  • Slot 84 further should have sufficient length for the annular air flow to develop, e.g. comparable to chamber length 102 , but at least greater than half of such length 102 .
  • the chamber should converge at a lesser angle than the slot, most preferably between about 8° and 12°, e.g. 10° less. This configuration provides a converging air flow with respect to the chamber to minimize powder buildup on the chamber wall.
  • the air flow rate should be controlled upstream of slot 84 such as in a rearward narrow orifice 92 or with a separate flow regulator.
  • slot length is 8 mm
  • slot width is 0.38 mm on a 15 mm circle
  • air pressure to the gun (source 24 ) is 4.9 kg/cm (70 psi) to produce a total air flow of 425 std 1/min (900 scfh) with a pressure of 4.2 kg/cm (60 psi) in chamber 82 .
  • valve 26 in a lighting position aligning bleeder holes as described in aforementioned U.S. Patent No.
  • valve 26 allows air flow for lighting, and the above-indicated angles and dimensions are important to allow such lighting without backfire. (Bleeder holes in valve 26 for oxygen and fuel for lighting, similar to air hole 90 , are not shown.)
  • the inner portion 55 of nozzle member 54 has therein a plurality of parallel inner orifices 91 (e.g. 8 orifices 0.89 mm diameter) on a bolt circle (e.g. 2.57 mm diameter) which provide for an annular inner sheath flow of gas, preferably air, about the central powder feed issuing from bore 62 of the nozzle.
  • This inner sheath of air contributes significantly to reducing any tendency of buildup of powder material on wall 86 .
  • the sheath air is conveniently tapped from passage 70 , via a duct 93 (FIG. 2) to an annular groove 94 around the rear portion of siphon plug 31 and at least one orifice 96 into an annular space 98 adjacent tube 33 .
  • At least three such orifices 96 are equally spaced arcuately to provide sufficient air and to minimize vortex flow which could detrimentally swirl the powder outwardly to wall 86 of chamber 82 .
  • the inner sheath air flow should be between 1% and 10%, preferably about 2% and 5% of the outer sheath flow rate, for example about 3%.
  • the inner sheath may alternatively be regulated independently of the outer sheath air, for better control.
  • a chamber length 102 may be defined as the shortest distance from nozzle face 89 to open end 88 , i.e. from the forwardmost point on the nozzle to the open end.
  • the forwardmost point on the inner portion should protrude forwardly from the outer portion 56 by a distance between about 10% and 40% of chamber length 102 , e.g. 30%.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 A preferred configuration for the inner portion is depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the outer wall 58 of inner portion 55 of the nozzle which defines annular opening 57
  • such wall 58 should extend forwardly from the annular opening with a curvature inward toward the axis.
  • the curvature should be uniform.
  • the curvature is such as to define a generally hemispherical face 89 on inner portion 58 . It is believed that the combustion flame is thereby drawn inwardly to maintain the flows away from chamber wall 86 .
  • siphon plug 31 has 8 oxygen passages 38 of 1.51 mm each to allow sufficient oxygen flow, and 1.51 mm diameter passages 50 for the gas mixture.
  • this gas head central bore 62 is 3.6 mm diameter, and the open end 88 of the gas cap is 0.95 cm from the face of the nozzle (length 102 ).
  • the combustion chamber 82 that also entrains the powder is relatively short, and generally should be between about one and two times the diameter of open end 88 .
  • a supply of each of the gases to the cylindrical combustion chamber is provided at a sufficiently high pressure, e.g. at least 2,11 kg/cm (30 psi) above atmospheric, and is ignited conventionally such as with a spark device, such that the mixture of combusted gases and air will issue from the open end as a supersonic flow entraining the powder.
  • the heat of the combustion will at least heat soften the powder material such as to deposit a coating onto a substrate. Shock diamonds should be observable. Because of the annular flow configuration, an expansion type of nozzle exit is not necessary to achieve the supersonic flow.
  • the combustion gas may be propane or hydrogen or the like, but it is preferable that the combustion gas be propylene gas, or methylacetylene-propadiene gas ("MPS"). These latter gases allow a relatively high velocity spray stream and excellent coatings to be achieved without backfire.
  • a propylene or MPS pressure of about 7 kg/cm gauge (above atmospheric pressure) to the gun, oxygen at 10 kg/cm and air at 5.6 kg/cm at least 8 shock diamonds are readily visible in the spray stream without powder flow.
  • the appearance of these shock diamonds 108 in spray stream 110 is illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the position of the substrate 112 on which a coating 114 is sprayed is preferably about where the fifth full diamond would be as shown in FIG.6, e.g. about 9 cm spray distance.
  • certain powders are thermal sprayed with supersonic combustion spray guns.
  • the preferred apparatus is as described above, the method may alternatively utilize other supersonic guns such as described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 4,416,421.
  • the certain powders are those that contain a heat-stable, non-meltable component in each powder grain.
  • heat-stable means that the referenced component will not substantially decompose or oxidize under the temperature and time conditions of the flame of the thermal spray gun; similarly the term “non-meltable” means that the referenced component will not substantially melt in the flame.
  • the non-meltable component may be fed through a thermal spray gun to be used for the spraying thereof, collected and inspected microscopically and/or metallographically for decomposing, oxidizing or melting.
  • a thermal spray gun for the spraying thereof, collected and inspected microscopically and/or metallographically for decomposing, oxidizing or melting.
  • normal flattening of the particles on a substrate will indicate melting.
  • material that merely softens viscously, without a specific melting point to allow flattening on a substrate is non-meltable for the purpose of this invention.
  • Published handbooks on melting points are alternate sources of meltability information.
  • thermoset polymers Thermoset is used broadly herein and in the claims to conventionally cover hydrocarbons (plastics) polymerized by heat, catalyst or reaction whereby the polymer is not ordinarily softenable by heating, for example without some chemical modification by the flame.
  • the poly (paraoxybenzoyl) ester and copolyesters thereof of the aforementioned U.S. Patent Nos. 3,723,165 and 3,784,405 fall in this group, as may others such as certain epoxies and polyimides including those that may be in the form of an incompletely polymerized powder.
  • a feature of these selected polymers is that only a surface portion is heat softened in the flame.
  • This surface softening maybe is effected by chemical modification during the short exposure to the hot flame, changing a surface layer from thermoset to at least partially thermoplastic.
  • the surface layer is effectively a heat-softenable component and the core remains a heat-stable non-meltable component, even though the initial particle may be homogeneous.
  • a non-meltable thermoset polymer may be clad or otherwise composited with a meltable polymer such as polyamide, polyethylene or incompletely polymerized polyester or epoxy, or a copolyester of the type disclosed in aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 3,784,405.
  • Characteristic powder according to the invention may be sprayed neat or blended with a more conventional thermal spray material such as a metal.
  • the method of supersonic combustion thermal spraying of the above-described powders is effected with relatively high deposit efficiency, and produces dense, high quality coatings.
  • the high deposit efficiency is especially surprising because the short dwell time of particles in the supersonic flame would be expected to cause lesser deposit efficiency, especially with non-meltable components.
  • the improved deposit efficiency provides not only a cost benefit per se but allows cost-favorable modification of blends to achieve a specified coating composition.
  • a preferred example is a blend of heat-stable polyester and aluminum alloy, as detailed in Example 1 below.
  • Conventional plasma spraying despite high heat, loses a considerable portion of the polyester relative to the alloy.
  • Conventional, low-velocity combustion spraying chars the polyester or, with lesser heat, results in poorly cohesive deposits.
  • Spraying with a supersonic combustion flame provides high deposit efficiency which allows a lesser proportion of polyester to be in the initial blend to obtain the originally specified proportions in the coating, and provides excellent coatings.
  • a blend of polyester plastic and aluminum alloy similar to the blend is prepared as described under Example 1-A of aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 3,723,165, except the plastic powder is 30% and the alloy is 70% by weight of the blend.
  • the plastic is a high temperature aromatic poly (paraoxybenzoyl) ester sold under the trade name of EKONOL (TM) by the Metaullics Division of the Carboundary Company, Sanborn, N.Y. and has a size of -88 +44 microns, and the alloy is aluminum 12% silicon with a size of -44 +10 microns.
  • the blend is sprayed with the preferred apparatus described above with respect to FIGS. 1-3, specifically a Metco Type DJ (TM) Metaullics Division of the Carboundary Compass, Sanford, N.Y. Gun sold by The Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Westbury, New York, using a No 3 insert, No 3 injector, a size "A" shell, No 2 siphon plug and No 2 air cap.
  • Oxygen was 10.5 kg/cm (150 psig) and 212 l/min (450 scfh), propylene gas at 7.0 kg/cm (100 psig) and 47 l/min (100 scfh), and air at 5.3 kg/cm (75 psig) and 290 l/min (615 scfh).
  • a high pressure powder feeder of the type disclosed in the present US-A-4 900 199 and sold as a Metco Type DJP powder feeder by Perkin-Elmer is used to feed the powder blend at 23 gm/min (3 lb/hr) in a nitrogen carrier at 8.8 kg/cm (125 psig) and 7 l/min (15 scfh). Spray distance is 20 cm and the substrate is grit blasted nickel alloy.
  • Example 1-A Comparisons were made with the 40% powder and spraying thereof of Example 1-A of the '165 patent, the 40% powder being sold as Metco 601NS by Perkin-Elmer and containing 40% plastic powder, i.e. 1/3 more than the present 30% powder.
  • the Example 1-A 40% powder was plasma sprayed conventionally with argon-hydrogen plasma gas.
  • the 30% powder blend sprayed with the supersonic combustion gun yielded a deposit efficiency of 85%, vs typical 65% deposit efficiency for the 40% powder plasma sprayed.
  • the coatings were of essentially the same composition as each other, reflecting the better deposit efficiency of the plastic constituent of the 30% powder with the supersonic combustion gun. Abradability and erosion resistance of the coatings were also essentially the same.
  • -Porosity for the high velocity coating was about 1% and uniformly dispersed, vs 5% non-uniform porosity for plasma sprayed 40% powder. Hardness for the high velocity coating was R15y 78 to 83, vs 65 to 75, i.e., again more uniform.
  • Example 1 is repeated except that the polyester is replaced with a copolyester of recurring units of Formula I, III, and IV as disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 3,784,405 (incorporated herein by reference) and sold as Xydar (TM) by Dartco Manufacturing Inc., Augusta Georgia. Similar results are effected.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de production d'un revêtement avec un pistolet de pulvérisation à chaud
    ayant un membre tubulaire (14) définissant dans celui-ci une chambre de combustion (82) comportant une extrémité ouverte pour projeter à vitesse supersonique des produits de combustion dans l'atmosphère ambiante, le procédé coomprenant l'injection dans la chambre d'un mélange combustible de gaz de combustion et d'oxygène, l'introduction dans la chambre d'une poudre,
    la comobustion du mélange combustible dans la chambre, un jet de pulvérisation supersonique contenant la poudre étant ainsi propulsé à travers l'extrémité ouverte, et la direction du jet de pulvérisation vers un substrat de façon à produire un revêtement sur celui-ci,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le gaz de combustion et de l'oxygène sont injectés dans la chambre à une pression supérieure d'au moins deux atmosphères à la pression atmosphérique ambiante,
    la poudre comprend des particules ayant un composant polymère non fusible thermostable et un composant métallique,
    le polymère comprenant des grains polymères thermodurcis qui peuvent être ramollis par la chaleur en surface par le jet de pulvérisation.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le mélange combustible est injecté dans la chambre de combustion (82) à une pression suffisante pour produire au moins 8 losanges de choc visibles dans le jet de pulvérisation en l'absence d'injection de gaz porteur de poudre.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, comprenant en outre la sélection du gaz de combustion dans le groupe composé du gaz propylène et du gaz méthylacétylène-propadiène.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les grains polymères comprennent un ester poly(paraoxybenzoyle).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les grains polymères sont essentiellement constitués d'ester poly(paraoxybenzoyle).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les grains polymères sont essentiellement constitués d'un copolyester d'ester poly(paraoxybenzoyle).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à4, dans lequel la poudre comprend un composant métallique d'aluminium ou une poudre d'alliage à base d'aluminium.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le pistolet de pulvérisation à chaud comprend un membre formant tuyère (54) avec une face de tuyère (89), le membre tubulaire comprend un culot tubulaire (14) se prolongeant à partir du membre formant tuyère et ayant une paroi cylindrique tournée vers l'intérieur définissant la chambre de combustion (82) présentant l'extrémité ouverte (88) et une extrémité opposée délimitée par la face de tuyère, le mélange combustible est injecté coaxialement de la tuyère, sous forme de jet annulaire, dans la chambre de combustion, la poudre est injectée axialement, dans un gaz porteur, de la tuyère dans la chambre de combustion et le procédé comporte en outre l'injection d'un flux annulaire extérieur de gaz non combustible pressurisé, adjacent à la paroi cylindrique, radialement vers l'extérieur du flux annulaire du mélange combustible et l'injection d'un flux annulaire intérieur de gaz pressurisé du membre formant tuyère dans la chambre de combustion, coaxialement entre le mélange de combustion et le gaz porteur de poudre.
EP89121559A 1988-12-28 1989-11-21 Procédé de pulvérisation de matériaux non fusibles par projection à grande vitesse des particules Expired - Lifetime EP0375931B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29092888A 1988-12-28 1988-12-28
US290928 1988-12-28

Publications (3)

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EP0375931A2 EP0375931A2 (fr) 1990-07-04
EP0375931A3 EP0375931A3 (fr) 1991-10-30
EP0375931B1 true EP0375931B1 (fr) 1996-01-10

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EP89121559A Expired - Lifetime EP0375931B1 (fr) 1988-12-28 1989-11-21 Procédé de pulvérisation de matériaux non fusibles par projection à grande vitesse des particules

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EP (1) EP0375931B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2924971B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1043641A (fr)
BR (1) BR8906845A (fr)
CA (1) CA2002497A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE68925414T2 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0491521B1 (fr) * 1990-12-15 1997-03-12 Fujitsu Limited Procédé pour la production d'une couche de diamant
EP0622471A1 (fr) * 1993-04-30 1994-11-02 EG&G SEALOL, INC. Matériau composite comprenant du carbure de chrome et un lubrifiant solide pour réaliser un revêtement par pulvérisation oxy-combustible à grande vitesse
FR2705040B1 (fr) * 1993-05-11 1995-06-23 Soudure Autogene Francaise Procédé de projection à la flamme d'un matériau polymère thermodurcissable et substrats portant un dépôt de polymère thermodurci obtenu par projection à la flamme.
EP0667810A1 (fr) * 1993-09-15 1995-08-23 Societe Europeenne De Propulsion Procede pour la realisation de materiaux ou revetements composites et installation pour sa mise en uvre
DE4413306C1 (de) * 1994-04-16 1995-10-19 Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag Verfahren zur Verstärkung eines Bauteils und Anwendung des Verfahrens
EP0688885B1 (fr) * 1994-06-24 1999-12-29 Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. Un procédé pour la fabrication d'une enduction à base de MCrAlY avec oxydes finement divisés
EP0688886B1 (fr) * 1994-06-24 1999-03-31 Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. Procédé pour la fabrication de particules de carbure finement divisées dans un enduit à base de M Cr Al Y
JPH1060617A (ja) * 1996-08-22 1998-03-03 Suruzaa Meteko Japan Kk 高速フレーム溶射方法
US9328918B2 (en) * 2010-05-28 2016-05-03 General Electric Company Combustion cold spray
JP6205409B2 (ja) * 2012-05-10 2017-09-27 スルザー メトコ （ユーエス） インコーポレーテッド プラズマ銃用のカソード・インタフェース並びにその製造及び使用方法
CN106583079B (zh) * 2016-12-03 2019-10-11 天长市金陵电子有限责任公司 一种具有预热功能的喷塑枪
CN113909015B (zh) * 2021-11-02 2022-11-29 水利部杭州机械设计研究所 一种狭小空间超音速火焰热喷涂自动喷枪及其热喷涂装置
CN117587353B (zh) * 2024-01-18 2024-03-19 西安钛斗金属制品科技有限公司 一种热喷涂装置
CN117643979B (zh) * 2024-01-26 2024-04-16 山东硅瓷新材料有限公司 一种碳化硅喷嘴

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NL91125C (fr) * 1955-03-28 1900-01-01
FR1434948A (fr) * 1964-11-18 1966-04-15 Sfec Perfectionnement aux procédés de fabrication de pièces et revêtements renforcés de fibres
US3440079A (en) * 1965-02-10 1969-04-22 Avco Corp Spray coating
US3423338A (en) * 1965-04-30 1969-01-21 Scott Paper Co Catalyzed liquid reticulation of polyurethane foams
DE2044528A1 (en) * 1970-09-09 1972-03-16 Kolacek V Spraying of glass or basalt - onto surfaces
US3723165A (en) * 1971-10-04 1973-03-27 Metco Inc Mixed metal and high-temperature plastic flame spray powder and method of flame spraying same
US4416421A (en) * 1980-10-09 1983-11-22 Browning Engineering Corporation Highly concentrated supersonic liquified material flame spray method and apparatus
DE3467775D1 (en) * 1983-02-22 1988-01-07 Tateho Kagaku Kogyo Kk Spraying materials containing ceramic needle fiber and composite materials spray-coated with such spraying materials
DE3601502A1 (de) * 1986-01-20 1987-07-23 Castolin Gmbh Flammspritzbrenner
US4865252A (en) * 1988-05-11 1989-09-12 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation High velocity powder thermal spray gun and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0375931A3 (fr) 1991-10-30
BR8906845A (pt) 1990-09-25
CN1043641A (zh) 1990-07-11
CA2002497A1 (fr) 1990-06-28
DE68925414D1 (de) 1996-02-22
JP2924971B2 (ja) 1999-07-26
EP0375931A2 (fr) 1990-07-04
JPH02221362A (ja) 1990-09-04
DE68925414T2 (de) 1996-05-23

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