EP0375412A1 - Fluide synthétique pour le travail des métaux - Google Patents

Fluide synthétique pour le travail des métaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0375412A1
EP0375412A1 EP89313417A EP89313417A EP0375412A1 EP 0375412 A1 EP0375412 A1 EP 0375412A1 EP 89313417 A EP89313417 A EP 89313417A EP 89313417 A EP89313417 A EP 89313417A EP 0375412 A1 EP0375412 A1 EP 0375412A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parts
weight
fluid according
fluid
metalworking
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
EP89313417A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joann Adele Quitmeyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WR Grace and Co Conn
WR Grace and Co
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WR Grace and Co Conn
WR Grace and Co
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Publication of EP0375412A1 publication Critical patent/EP0375412A1/fr
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    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
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    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
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    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
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    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to metalworking fluids and more particularly a synthetic metalworking fluid which provides excellent lubrication and cooling for both hard and soft metals and is relatively bioresistant.
  • Metalworking fluids act both as a coolant to maintain the temperature of the metal surfaces within a desired range and as a lubricant to lubricate the interface of the tool and metal.
  • the cooling effect of the metalworking fluid adds considerable life to the cutting tools, such as drill bits, metal formers, etc., and also tends to prevent the warping or distortion of the metal.
  • the lubricating properties reduce the friction between the cutting tool and the metal, thereby reducing the power requirement of the machinery.
  • metalworking fluids There are four types of metalworking fluids: straight oils, soluble oils, semi-synthetics and synthetics.
  • Straight oils which include mineral and vegetable oils, provide excellent lubricating properties but only minimal cooling.
  • Soluble oils i.e., emulsions of oil in water, provide both lubricity and cooling, and perform well on both hard metals, such as titanium and steel, and soft metals, such as aluminium.
  • soluble oils are usually subject to rapid biodegradation and impaired lubricity after repeated use.
  • Semi-synthetics i.e., water solutions with smaller amounts of oil microemulsified
  • synthetics i.e., non-petroleum based emulsions or solutions provide improved lubricity and cooling, can be filtered, and can generally be used for much longer periods of time than soluble oils.
  • neither synthetics nor semi-synthetics, free of chlorine, sulfur or phosphorous have been successfully used on difficult machining operations, e.g., tapping of both hard and soft metals.
  • Prior art synthetics have used chlorine, sulfur or phosphorous as extreme pressure additives in order to machine hard metals. These additives create a hazard to the environment, and chlorine can cause hydrogen embrittlement (stress cracking). Also, when cutting different metals it has been necessary to change metalworking fluids during the manufacturing process, increasing production time and causing disposal problems.
  • Soluble oils containing chlorine, sulfur or phosphorous extreme pressure additives have been used when a manufacturing process requires the working of two or more metals of significantly different hardnesses.
  • soluble oils have several drawbacks. First, a single soluble oil may not be suitable for all metals in severe deformation processes such as tapping. Secondly, soluble oils have a typical useful life of 2-3 weeks, whereas synthetic fluids may be used for 12 months or more. Also, soluble oils present a disposal problem due to their petroleum base. If chlorine is present, an even greater disposal problem exists.
  • a synthetic fluid free of chlorine, sulfur and phosphorous, without the shortcomings of soluble oils, which may be used as a metalworking fluid when working two or more metals of different hardnesses.
  • the fluid would provide good lubrication and cooling to both hard and soft metals, allowing a single fluid to be used for both types of metal even in severe applications.
  • the metalworking fluid of the present invention contains two major constituents, a polybutene selected from the group consisting of isobutylene-butene copolymers and polyisobutylenes, to provide the lubricity needed for working soft metals, and a polyether glycol, preferably having a carboxylate functionality, as an extreme pressure additive for working hard metals.
  • a polybutene selected from the group consisting of isobutylene-butene copolymers and polyisobutylenes
  • a polyether glycol preferably having a carboxylate functionality
  • this synergistic blend may be used to machine both hard and soft metals.
  • the blend also unexpectedly provides lubricity superior to that obtained when polybutenes are used alone, and extreme pressure properties superior to those obtained when polyether glycols are used alone.
  • One or more emulsifiers may be added to the polybutene and the polyether glycol when the concentrate is to be emulsified in water.
  • Other common metalworking fluid constituents may also be added, if desired, but extreme pressure additives can be avoided.
  • the fluid is made in concentrate (neat) form, i.e., without the addition of water.
  • the fluid may be used in its neat form or it may be diluted to a lesser concentration with water, if so desired, to form a microemulsion that can be water-dilutable.
  • the amount of water can be 1 to 99% by volume of the total blend, including water.
  • the concentrate will preferably have a pH of from about 8 to about 10.5, more preferably from about 8.5 to about 9.5.
  • the isobutylene-butene copolymer used in one embodiment of the present invention is composed of about 95% to 100% by weight mono-olefins and about 0% to 5% by weight isoparaffins.
  • Mono-olefins are a class of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons with one double bond, obtained by cracking petroleum fractions at high temperatures.
  • Isoparaffins are a class of aliphatic hydrocarbons characterised by a straight or branched carbon chain, and have the generic formula C n H 2n+2 .
  • Various grades of such a copolymer are commercially available from the Amoco Corporation and are sold under the trade mark "INDOPOL". Any of these grades may be used in the present invention, but preferably those with a viscosity less than 5000 SUS (measured at 38°C).
  • One example of a suitable isobutylene-butene copolymer has an average molecular weight of 563, a viscosity of 2441 SUS at 38°C, and a flash point of 141°C, and is sold under the tradename "Amoco Polybutene H-15".
  • the amount of copolymer used in the present invention can range from about 1 part by weight to about 50 parts by weight. Preferably, the amount used is from about 2 parts by weight to about 36 parts by weight.
  • polybutene refers to either a polyisobutylene which is essentially pure, or the isobutylene-butene copolymer described above which may contain up to for instance about 5% of other polymers, such as 1-butene and 2-butene.
  • the isobutylene-butene copolymer is preferred, as it is less susceptible to crystallisation at low temperatures, but similar properties can be obtained using the 99+% polyisobutylene. Mixtures of polyisobutylene and the isobutylene-butene copolymer may also be used.
  • the isobutylene-butene copolymer, or polyisobutylene is desired because it provides the lubricity needed to obtain a good surface finish on soft metals such as aluminium.
  • the second constituent of the metalworking fluid is a polyether glycol.
  • This can be uncarboxylated, but preferably it has a carboxylate functionality since we have found the carboxylated materials give better performance.
  • the polyether glycol provides additional lubricating properties to the metalworking fluid.
  • the polyether glycol acts as an extreme pressure additive which reduces tool wear when machining hard metals such as titanium. Thus it is possible to machine hard metals without the use of traditional chlorine, sulfur or phosphorous extreme pressure additives, eliminating the hydrogen embrittlement and disposal problems caused by these additives.
  • the molecular weight of the polyether glycol preferably is in the range 500 to 10,000. Suitable polyether glycols are commercially available from the Olin Corporation under the trade mark "POLY-G".
  • polyether glycol is the proprietary polyoxyalkylene glycol sold by Olin Corporation under the tradename POLY-G MLB-10X.
  • This polyoxyalkylene glycol has a viscosity of 587 SUS (at 38°C) and a specific gravity of 1.066 at 25°C and has a carboxylate functionality which is acidic in nature.
  • the amount of polyether glycol used in the present invention can range from about 2 parts by weight to about 50 parts by weight. Preferably, the amount used is at least about 5 parts by weight, often up to about 36 parts by weight.
  • a third constituent of the metalworking fluid may be one or more emulsifiers.
  • Any suitable oil-in-water emulsifier may be used in the invention, alone or in combination with other emulsifiers, to promote the formation of a stable microemulsion.
  • emulsifiers examples include but are not limited to tall oil fatty acids, petroleum sulfonates, fatty acid amines, fatty acid alkanolamides and non-ionic, cationic, anionic or amphoteric surfactants.
  • the selected emulsifiers should completely emulsify the other constituents of the concentrate when mixed with water.
  • the emulsifiers should also be capable of maintaining a stable emulsion during use.
  • the amount of emulsifier used in the concentrate is generally from about 5 parts by weight to about 160 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 60 parts.
  • additives may be added so long as they do not adversely affect the emulsion stability or lubricity of the fluid.
  • additives include corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, biocides, surfactants, azeotropes, colorants or dyes and pH buffering agents.
  • extreme pressure additives for instance sulphur, chlorine or phosphorous
  • the compositions are preferably free of such additives.
  • Suitable corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to, amine carboxylates and amine borate esters. Other suitable corrosion inhibitors would be obvious to one skilled in the art and are commercially available.
  • the amount of corrosion inhibitor is generally from about .1 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight, and preferably from about .1 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight in the concentrate.
  • Suitable defoamers may be used in the present invention. Such defoamers are generally proprietary products and are known only by their commercial trade names. Suitable, preferably organic, defoamers for use in the present invention include TROYKYD D666, a proprietory blend available from Troy Chemical, and Foam Ban MS-455 from Ultra Additives. Other suitable defoamers would be obvious to one skilled in the art.
  • the amount of defoamer is generally from about 0.25 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, and preferably from about 0.5 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight.
  • compositions containing isobutylene-butene copolymer, polyether glycol having a carboxylate functionality, a corrosion inhibitor and a defoamer are particularly preferred.
  • the concentrate may be formed in any conventional manner such as adding all of the ingredients simultaneously and mixing them until a completely blended liquid is formed. However, it is preferred to first add the isobutylene-butene copolymer, or polyisobutylene, to a large mixer, then slowly add the one or more emulsifiers and then the corrosion inhibiting agent and polyether glycol, mixing well after each addition. Lastly, any other ingredients such as a defoamer and dye are added and thoroughly mixed into a homogeneous, stable blend. If desired, small amounts of water, may be added subsequent to mixing. The concentrate is then decanted into containers for storage and shipment.
  • the metalworking fluid may be used in its neat form, i.e., as a concentrate or it may be diluted.
  • the metalworking fluid is diluted with water such that the amount of concentrate is from about 1% to 50% by volume of the total volume of the water and concentrate.
  • the amount of concentrate is from about 1% to 50% by volume of the total volume of the water and concentrate.
  • a 100% solids concentrate can be used.
  • the volume of water is greater than the volume of concentrate.
  • the amount of water used is about 50% by total volume.
  • the amount of water is from about 80% to 99% by total volume. Often the amount of water is below about 95% of the total volume.
  • the metalworking fluid is useful on a variety of metals including but not limited to steel, iron, aluminium, copper, titanium, nickel and alloys thereof.
  • the fluid is of particular value for providing lubrication and cooling during the working of both hard and soft metals and for preventing the build-up of residue on tooling and the metal being worked.
  • a metalworking fluid concentrate of the following formula was mixed together: 4.5 parts by weight of an isobutylene-butene copolymer; 6.0 parts by weight of a tall oil fatty acid low rosin emulsifier; 12.6 parts by weight of a petroleum sulfonate fatty acid amine blend emulsifier; 8.3 parts by weight of a fatty acid alkanolamide emulsifier; 7.5 parts by weight of polyoxyalkylene glycol, Olin Chemicals POLY-G MLB-10X (POLY-G is a trade mark); 0.1 parts by weight of a surfactant; 1.5 parts by weight of an amine carboxylate corrosion inhibitor; 1.3 parts by weight of an amine borate ester corrosion inhibitor; 1.0 parts by weight of a sodium salt of tolyltriazole corrosion inhibitor; 0.2 parts by weight of a citrus fragrance; 1.5 parts by weight of a glycol ether; 3.0 parts by weight of a biocide; 0.5 parts by weight of triethanolamine; 0.5 part by weight
  • Example 1 The fluid of Example 1 was used to machine hydraulic valve bodies from 2024 and 356 cast aluminiums and titanium using a carbide tool. A straight oil was used side by side with the fluid of Example 1 for comparison. Results were as follows: Coolant Type Straight Oil Fluid of Example 1 Concentration 100% 11% concentration in water Sump Life 2 Months > 4 Months Parts/Tool Milling 500 1000+ Reaming 135 475+ Drilling 200 900+ Speed (SFM) Milling 60 600 Reaming 30 490 Drilling 100 600-800 Finish (RMS) Reaming 20-30 8-16
  • the metalworking fluid of Example 1 was usable for more than twice as long as the straight oil. This is due both to the greater thermal stability of the fluid of Example 1 and to its reduced susceptibility to contamination by metal fines. The number of parts which could be machined with a given tool was greatly increased. Higher speeds were also obtainable and the surface finish was improved.
  • metalworking fluid of this invention may be used in any metalworking operation where its properties would be useful. Examples of such metalworking operations include but are not limited to tapping, grinding, milling and forming.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
EP89313417A 1988-12-21 1989-12-21 Fluide synthétique pour le travail des métaux Ceased EP0375412A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US28796388A 1988-12-21 1988-12-21
US287963 1988-12-21
US36917789A 1989-06-21 1989-06-21
US369177 1989-06-21

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993006198A1 (fr) * 1991-09-16 1993-04-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions a base d'huile
FR2787355A1 (fr) * 1998-12-22 2000-06-23 Lorraine Laminage Procede de traitement de surfaces metalliques, notamment de toles d'acier, destine en particulier a ameliorer leurs performances tribologiques

Families Citing this family (1)

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JP2018523748A (ja) * 2015-08-13 2018-08-23 フックス ペトロルブ ソキエタス エウロペアＦｕｃｈｓ Ｐｅｔｒｏｌｕｂ Ｓｅ 極微量油剤潤滑のための組成物及びその使用

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US3501404A (en) * 1969-05-05 1970-03-17 Union Carbide Corp Aqueous lubricants for metal working
US4260502A (en) * 1979-06-07 1981-04-07 Nalco Chemical Company Synthetic drawing and ironing lubricant
US4589990A (en) * 1985-06-21 1986-05-20 National Distillers And Chemical Corporation Mist lubricant compositions

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US4260502A (en) * 1979-06-07 1981-04-07 Nalco Chemical Company Synthetic drawing and ironing lubricant
US4589990A (en) * 1985-06-21 1986-05-20 National Distillers And Chemical Corporation Mist lubricant compositions

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WO1993006198A1 (fr) * 1991-09-16 1993-04-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions a base d'huile
FR2787355A1 (fr) * 1998-12-22 2000-06-23 Lorraine Laminage Procede de traitement de surfaces metalliques, notamment de toles d'acier, destine en particulier a ameliorer leurs performances tribologiques

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JPH02225595A (ja) 1990-09-07
CA2005682A1 (fr) 1990-06-21
AU628454B2 (en) 1992-09-17
AU4713689A (en) 1990-06-28

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