EP0372463A1 - Milimeterwellen-Antenne zur Erzeugung eines Strahles mit einer Gauss-Verteilung - Google Patents

Milimeterwellen-Antenne zur Erzeugung eines Strahles mit einer Gauss-Verteilung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0372463A1
EP0372463A1 EP89122367A EP89122367A EP0372463A1 EP 0372463 A1 EP0372463 A1 EP 0372463A1 EP 89122367 A EP89122367 A EP 89122367A EP 89122367 A EP89122367 A EP 89122367A EP 0372463 A1 EP0372463 A1 EP 0372463A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
mode
source
antenna
mixture
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Application number
EP89122367A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0372463B1 (de
Inventor
Luigi Dr. Rebuffi
Manfred Dr. Thumm
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European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
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European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H01Q15/246—Polarisation converters rotating the plane of polarisation of a linear polarised wave
    • H01Q15/248—Polarisation converters rotating the plane of polarisation of a linear polarised wave using a reflecting surface, e.g. twist reflector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/02—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma
    • H05H1/16—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using externally-applied electric and magnetic fields
    • H05H1/18—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using externally-applied electric and magnetic fields wherein the fields oscillate at very high frequency, e.g. in the microwave range, e.g. using cyclotron resonance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna producing a millimeter wave beam having a Gaussian-like distribution and using a high power source.
  • Such sources which are called cyclotron resonance masers, for example gyrotrons, have successfully been used for plasma build-up, profile control and resonance heating in the field of thermonuclear fusion research at power levels in the MW-­range.
  • the oscillation of these sources is in axially symmet­ric modes TE 0n or in high asymmetric modes (TE mn ) with m » 1.
  • a mode transducing antenna having a corrugation by which a TE 0n mode is converted into a linearily polarized beam.
  • the microwave radiation issuing from such an antenna still presents considerable side-­lobes which reduce the energy concentration in the main lobe and increase the losses of the system.
  • the main object of the present invention is thus to reduce the energy dissipated in the sidelobes and to provide an axisym­metric, narrow, Gaussian-like main lobe.
  • the antenna system provides for an output radiation of the linear TEM00-mode type.
  • the invention is based on the following common features for circular symmetric TE m,n modes, and in particular TE On modes:
  • the system comprises a high power microwave source (e.g. gyrotron) including a gun and cavity portion 1 able to release for example a beam at 140 GHz and at a power level of 1 MW.
  • the microwave beam output by the source 1 is of the type TE m,n .
  • the values selected for m and n are for example 15 and 2 respectively.
  • This microwave radiation is then converted in a partial mode converter 2 into a mixture of waves which still contains 70 to 85% of the dominant TE m,n mode and additionally small percentaoes between 10 and 20% of modes of the types TE m,n-1 and TE m,n+1
  • the mutual phase rela­tionship is such that the additional modes are both in coun­terphase with respect to the dominant mode.
  • the mix­ture of these three modes provides best results, the micxture of only two of them, the dominant mode at 80% and one of the additional modes at 20% power rate, provides beam characteris­tics which are only slightly worse.
  • the mixture of modes is then radiated to a collimation reflec­tor 3 which is provided with a central hole 4 allowing the electron beam of the gyrotron (issuing from the converter 2) to pass therethrough.
  • the mode mixture radiated by the converter 2 has an azimutal polarization with axial n-­fold symmetry and the power is concentrated in a ring. Hence, this hole 4 does not increase the energy losses of the micro­wave radiation. Due to the fact that there are practically no sidelobes, the entire microwave energy is directed to the annular zone of the reflector 3.
  • the reflector is shaped in such a way that the deflected radiation concentrates in a focus point 5 or, more generally, in a collimation zone around that point.
  • the active surface of the reflector 3 is corruga­ted in such a way that the radiated mode mixture having a circular electric field is converted into the linearily pola­rized TEM00 mode, which can be directly used as the propaga­tion mode either in the free space or in an appropriate wave­guide which is not shown.
  • the entire system including the reflector 3 is enclosed in the gyrotron vacuum casing 8 and the microwave radiation issuing from the corrugated reflector 3 passes through a semicylindri­cal radiofrequency window 6 while the electron beam is pro­jected against a depressed collector 7 at the remote end of the casing 8.
  • fig. 2 An alternative configuration with respect to fig. 1 is shown in fig. 2.
  • the corrugated reflector is a plane reflector 9 of an annular disk shape
  • the collimation is achieved by an additional reflector 10 which is disposed in the path of the microwave radiation downstream of the plane corrugated reflector 9 and outside of the casing 8 which is not shown here, but which is similar to that of fig. 1 and is equipped with a collector for the electron beam of the gyro­tron, and with a radiofrequency window.
  • Fig. 3 shows in more detail and at an enlarged scale the part­ial mode converter 2 in fig. 1.
  • This converter receives on the left hand side of the figure the radiation issued by the gyrotron, the microwaves being of the TE m,n mode type.
  • the converter is composed in series of two partial mode converters constituted by rippled wall waveguide portions 11 and 12 res­pectively.
  • the shape of the ripples of the two partial con­verters is different and allows in the first converter 11 a portion of say 15% of the incident wave to be converted into the TE m,n-1 mode (in opposite phase with respect to the TE m,n mode), whereas in the downstream converter 12, a similar amount of energy of the basic mode is transformed into the mode TE m,n+1 (also in opposite phase).
  • the percentages of power converted in each converter depend on the length of the individual converters.
  • the distance between the radiating surface of the partial mode converter 2 and the reflector having the hole is chosen in order to have a sufficiently low power density on the surface of the reflector to avoid radio frequency break-down, and to have a sufficiently narrow field radiation to reduce the size of this reflector.
  • Fig. 4 shows a detailed sketch of the corrugations of the reflector 3 or 9.
  • the corrugations are shown here as straight line corrugations for reasons of simplicity only.
  • the pitch of the corrugations corresponds to about half the wavelength of the central operating frequency of the system.
  • the depth of the grooves is about equal to a quarter wavelength at the same frequency.
  • the system as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 presents an expected efficiency, i.e. the ratio between the power collimated in the main lobe (in zone 5) having linear polarization and the power output of the gyrotron, of at least 95%.
  • FIG. 5 shows this application.
  • the RF power radiated in a ring by a waveguide 13 is converted by a corrugated subreflector 14 into a linearly polarized beam and hence focussed by a main reflector 15.
  • the latter has a hole in the center in order to allow the instal­lation of the waveguide 13.
  • the casing 8 (fig. 1) together with the partial mode converter 2 outside the micro­wave source, either close to its exit or close to the place where the microwave energy is used, while the gyrotron is located remote therefrom and connected thereto by conventional guides. If, in particular applications, the conversion of the microwave energy into the basic mode TEM00 is not required, of course, none of the reflectors (of fig. 1, 2, 5) must be a corrugated reflector.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP89122367A 1988-12-05 1989-12-05 Milimeterwellen-Antenne zur Erzeugung eines Strahles mit einer Gauss-Verteilung Expired - Lifetime EP0372463B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89122367T ATE102782T1 (de) 1988-12-05 1989-12-05 Milimeterwellen-antenne zur erzeugung eines strahles mit einer gauss-verteilung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88120273 1988-12-05
EP88120273 1988-12-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0372463A1 true EP0372463A1 (de) 1990-06-13
EP0372463B1 EP0372463B1 (de) 1994-03-09

Family

ID=8199628

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89122367A Expired - Lifetime EP0372463B1 (de) 1988-12-05 1989-12-05 Milimeterwellen-Antenne zur Erzeugung eines Strahles mit einer Gauss-Verteilung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5302962A (de)
EP (1) EP0372463B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH04502061A (de)
DE (1) DE68913668T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2050769T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1990006665A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2215522B1 (de) * 2007-11-16 2017-12-27 Raytheon Company Systeme und verfahren für wellenleiter
CN114865257A (zh) * 2022-06-09 2022-08-05 电子科技大学 一种应用于增强核磁共振系统的波束传输装置

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2706681B1 (fr) * 1993-06-15 1995-08-18 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Coupleur quasi-optique à diffraction réduite et tube électronique utilisant un tel coupleur.
US5734303A (en) * 1994-03-11 1998-03-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Microwave waveguide mode converter having a bevel output end
US5777572A (en) * 1994-07-19 1998-07-07 Northrop Grumman Corporation Device for damaging electronic equipment using unfocussed high power millimeter wave beams
ES2112771B1 (es) * 1995-09-25 1998-12-16 Univ Navarra Publica Antenas de bocina conversoras de modos en guia de onda a estructuras gaussianas.
US5942956A (en) * 1996-01-18 1999-08-24 Purdue Research Foundation Design method for compact waveguide mode control and converter devices
US5959590A (en) * 1996-08-08 1999-09-28 Endgate Corporation Low sidelobe reflector antenna system employing a corrugated subreflector
US7616797B2 (en) * 2004-08-23 2009-11-10 Bailey Kenneth S Minutia detection from measurement of a human skull and identifying and profiling individuals from the human skull detection
US7847749B2 (en) * 2006-05-24 2010-12-07 Wavebender, Inc. Integrated waveguide cavity antenna and reflector RF feed
EP2151663B1 (de) * 2007-02-20 2013-12-11 Wavestream Corporation Energiefokussierungssystem für eine Energiestrahlwaffe
US20080303739A1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-11 Thomas Edward Sharon Integrated multi-beam antenna receiving system with improved signal distribution
WO2010068954A1 (en) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Wavebender, Inc. Integrated waveguide cavity antenna and reflector dish
CN104795299B (zh) * 2015-05-07 2017-03-08 电子科技大学 一种实现双频分离的准光模式变换器

Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3235870A (en) * 1961-03-09 1966-02-15 Hazeltine Research Inc Double-reflector antenna with polarization-changing subreflector
DE2757263A1 (de) * 1976-12-23 1978-06-29 Marie G R P Wellentypwandler fuer elektromagnetische wellen
DE2805732A1 (de) * 1977-02-08 1978-08-10 Marie G R P Polarisationswandler fuer elektromagnetische wellen, insbesondere laserlicht, und plasmagenerator
DE2828807A1 (de) * 1977-07-01 1979-01-18 Thomson Csf Anordnung zum loeschen der nebenkeulen einer antenne eines radarsystems
FR2403667A2 (fr) * 1977-09-19 1979-04-13 Marie G R P Convertisseurs de mode de polarisation pour faisceaux laser et generateurs de plasma les utilisant
DE2804442A1 (de) * 1977-12-28 1979-07-05 Marie G R P Laservorrichtung fuer einschliessende wellen im fernen infrarotbereich
DE3008022A1 (de) * 1979-03-02 1980-09-04 Marie G R P Wellentypwandler fuer elektromagnetische wellen
US4496518A (en) * 1980-02-27 1985-01-29 Marie G R P TMO and TEO cavity resonator for projecting plasma confining TEO mode components

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4596047A (en) * 1981-08-31 1986-06-17 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Satellite broadcasting receiver including a parabolic antenna with a feed waveguide having a microstrip down converter circuit
US4697272A (en) * 1986-05-09 1987-09-29 Hughes Aircraft Company Corrugated reflector apparatus and method for free electron lasers

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3235870A (en) * 1961-03-09 1966-02-15 Hazeltine Research Inc Double-reflector antenna with polarization-changing subreflector
DE2757263A1 (de) * 1976-12-23 1978-06-29 Marie G R P Wellentypwandler fuer elektromagnetische wellen
DE2805732A1 (de) * 1977-02-08 1978-08-10 Marie G R P Polarisationswandler fuer elektromagnetische wellen, insbesondere laserlicht, und plasmagenerator
DE2828807A1 (de) * 1977-07-01 1979-01-18 Thomson Csf Anordnung zum loeschen der nebenkeulen einer antenne eines radarsystems
FR2403667A2 (fr) * 1977-09-19 1979-04-13 Marie G R P Convertisseurs de mode de polarisation pour faisceaux laser et generateurs de plasma les utilisant
DE2804442A1 (de) * 1977-12-28 1979-07-05 Marie G R P Laservorrichtung fuer einschliessende wellen im fernen infrarotbereich
DE3008022A1 (de) * 1979-03-02 1980-09-04 Marie G R P Wellentypwandler fuer elektromagnetische wellen
US4496518A (en) * 1980-02-27 1985-01-29 Marie G R P TMO and TEO cavity resonator for projecting plasma confining TEO mode components

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEEE TRANS ON MICROWAVE THEORY & TECHNIQUES *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2215522B1 (de) * 2007-11-16 2017-12-27 Raytheon Company Systeme und verfahren für wellenleiter
CN114865257A (zh) * 2022-06-09 2022-08-05 电子科技大学 一种应用于增强核磁共振系统的波束传输装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1990006665A1 (en) 1990-06-14
JPH04502061A (ja) 1992-04-09
US5302962A (en) 1994-04-12
ES2050769T3 (es) 1994-06-01
EP0372463B1 (de) 1994-03-09
DE68913668D1 (de) 1994-04-14
DE68913668T2 (de) 1994-06-16

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