EP0371158A1 - Method for fuel injection in an engine - Google Patents
Method for fuel injection in an engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0371158A1 EP0371158A1 EP88119832A EP88119832A EP0371158A1 EP 0371158 A1 EP0371158 A1 EP 0371158A1 EP 88119832 A EP88119832 A EP 88119832A EP 88119832 A EP88119832 A EP 88119832A EP 0371158 A1 EP0371158 A1 EP 0371158A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- cylinder group
- cylinders
- signal
- injection
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
- F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
- F02D41/0087—Selective cylinder activation, i.e. partial cylinder operation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for injecting fuel into the cylinders of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- crankshaft In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the crankshaft sweeps through an angle of 720 ° per work cycle, i.e. performs two full rotations before a specific cylinder returns to the same working position, e.g. the next ignition point. In order to be able to record a current position of a cylinder, it is therefore not sufficient to determine the angular position of the crankshaft within one full rotation. In addition, it must be detected whether the machine is currently in the first or in the second half of the work cycle, corresponding to the first or second crankshaft rotation.
- a position transmitter additionally delivers a position signal with a reference pulse per revolution of the crankshaft, by means of which a known angular position, the synchronization position, is determined. Only when the reference pulse is recognized, in conjunction with the position signal, is the position of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine known exactly, and a synchronization of electrical control functions - ignition, injection, etc. - and the cylinder positions is possible (synchronization time).
- the object of the invention is to improve the method according to the preamble so that no start time extension occurs and the disadvantages of the known bank injection are avoided.
- the solution according to the invention is characterized in claim 1. Then the first partial signal of the position sensor at the start determines a current (first) cylinder group consisting of the cylinders whose inlet valves are mostly closed during this first partial signal. A second cylinder group consists of the cylinders, the inlet valves of which are mostly closed during the following partial signal.
- the preliminary quantity is injected into all cylinders of the second cylinder group at the same time, provided that this signal change is before the synchronization time.
- the time for this injection can be immediately after the signal change, which has the advantage that no additional arithmetic operation is necessary after the signal change has been detected. As with the first cylinder group, this largely avoids injecting fuel into an open intake valve of a cylinder.
- the injection into an open intake valve can be completely avoided: since the angular position at which the position signal changes is known, an angle can be specified for each internal combustion engine by which the crankshaft must continue to rotate until none of the Intake valves of the second cylinder group is more open. That the crankshaft has rotated further by this angle can be determined from the position signal from the position transmitter and then trigger the injection.
- this method involves a little extra computing power, it also means a further reduction in exhaust gas emissions.
- the pre-quantity is already injected sequentially into the cylinders of the second cylinder group in accordance with the known normal sequence.
- This advance quantity is increased compared to the normal quantity, which is determined by the computer after the start phase. It is injected only once per cylinder at the start and has, among other things, the task of building up the wall film in the intake manifold. Therefore, this preliminary quantity is also injected into the second cylinder group if the synchronization has already taken place, but then in a sequential order.
- the known sequential injection begins with the normal quantity. This always begins with the cylinder which, according to normal sequence, follows the last cylinder of this second cylinder group in the case of - actual or imaginary - sequential injection into the cylinders of the second cylinder group Row is.
- the counting of the cylinders of the second cylinder group in the normal sequence begins with the cylinder whose injection time in the normal sequence has the smallest time interval from the start of the injection into the second cylinder group.
- an internal control unit M is assigned to an internal combustion engine BKM, which controls the ignition and the fuel injection.
- a NG camshaft sensor in conjunction with a NA camshaft sensor is used as the position sensor LG.
- the position encoder generates a static position signal, consisting of two partial signals with an A signal (binary "1") for a first full rotation of the crankshaft and a B signal (binary "0") for the next full rotation of the crankshaft.
- the position of these partial signals with respect to the positions of the cylinders can be freely selected.
- the center of each partial signal is 84 ° before the top dead center of the cylinder with number 1.
- a crankshaft encoder KG with a reference mark RM in conjunction with an assigned crankshaft scanner KA serves as the position encoder PG.
- This delivers a reference pulse R per revolution of the crankshaft, which determines a synchronization position.
- the falling edge of this reference pulse R is 84 ° before each top dead center of the cylinder 1.
- the signal change of the position sensor lies in the middle between two such reference pulses R. This distance is an empirical value for which a particularly favorable signal processing results in a very specific internal combustion engine .
- Cylinder 1 begins its intake stroke at 0 °, starting from top dead center. Accordingly, the intake valve remains open for the next 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation. This angular range is indicated in the figures with a rectangular bar. After 360 °, cylinder 1 again reaches its top dead center, in the vicinity of which the ignition takes place and the work cycle begins. The ignition area is indicated by a black rectangle. After 720 ° crankshaft rotation, a work cycle is finally completed and the intake stroke begins again.
- the control unit recognizes the start when the speed of the internal combustion engine has reached a speed threshold N, e.g. is 15 revolutions per minute; this is the case in FIG. 2 at time t1, which is here shortly after the reference pulse R of the position signal.
- N e.g. 15 revolutions per minute
- the position transmitter delivers an A signal and, accordingly, the associated current cylinder group (whose inlet valves are mostly closed) consists of cylinders 1, 5 and 6.
- the preliminary quantity is injected into this immediately after t1, which is indicated in the figure by dotted squares is.
- the preliminary quantity is injected into the second cylinder group assigned to the B signal with cylinders 2, 3 and 4.
- the inlet valve of cylinder 4 is still open for a short time.
- a variant of this is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2:
- the injection into the second cylinder group is shifted here by an angle of approximately 90 ° kW to the point in time t2. This then avoids any injection into an open intake valve.
- the time t2 is determined from the position signal.
- the normal quantity is injected sequentially in a known normal sequence, which is indicated in the figures with TI squares.
- the cylinders of the second group are counted in the normal sequence from the start of injection into the second group. For illustration purposes, in cases A and B of FIG. 2 the normal sequence of the cylinders of the second group is shown as a circle with a broken line. From the illustration it follows that cylinder 4 is the last cylinder of the second group and thus the sequential injection with normal quantity begins with cylinder 5.
- time t1 of the starter identification and the following reference pulse R lie within the same position signal - A signal. Therefore, the preliminary quantity is injected simultaneously into the assigned cylinder group with cylinders 1, 5 and 6 (t1). In this case, however, the synchronization time t2 follows before the signal change of the position signal. Accordingly, cylinders 4, 2, 3 of the next cylinder group receive the advance quantity sequentially, starting with the cylinder of this group, which comes in the normal sequence first after t2 - here cylinder 4. After the injection of the preliminary quantity into the last cylinder - 3 - this cylinder group continues the sequential injection with normal quantity - starting with cylinder 4.
- a fourth operating case - D in FIG. 3 - the instant t3 of the start detection is in the range of the B signal, so that cylinders 2, 3 and 4 of the assigned cylinder group receive the preliminary quantity at the same time.
- the reference pulse R follows again before the next signal change of the position signal, so that cylinders 1, 5 and 6 of the next cylinder group receive the preliminary quantity sequentially. With cylinder 1 the sequential injection starts with normal quantity.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Bei einem Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Einspritzsystems wird vor einem Synchronisationszeitpunkt, an dem die Stellung der einzelnen Zylinder durch die Signale von zwei Gebern bekannt ist, in die einzelnen Zylinder gruppenweise eingespritzt. Die Gruppen sind dabei so gewählt, daß eine Einspritzung in ein offenes Einlaßventil weitgehend vermieden wird. Beim Übergang auf die normale sequentielle Einspritzung wird der erste Zylinder, in den eingespritzt wird so bestimmt, daß keine Doppeleinspritzung bei einem Zylinder vorkommt. Das Verfahren vermeidet eine Startzeitverlängerung durch fehlende Einspritzung und auch eine erhöhte Abgasemission durch Bankeinspritzung vor dem Synchronisationszeitpunkt.In a method for operating an injection system, the individual cylinders are injected in groups before a synchronization time at which the position of the individual cylinders is known from the signals from two sensors. The groups are chosen so that injection into an open inlet valve is largely avoided. When transitioning to normal sequential injection, the first cylinder into which the injection is made is determined so that there is no double injection in one cylinder. The method avoids an increase in starting time due to a lack of injection and also an increased exhaust gas emission due to bank injection before the synchronization time.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in die Zylinder einer mehrzylindrigen Brennkraftmaschine gemäß Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a method for injecting fuel into the cylinders of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bei einer Viertakt-Brennkraftmaschine überstreicht die Kurbelwelle je Arbeitsspiel einen Winkel von 720°, führt also zwei Volldrehungen aus bevor ein bestimmter Zylinder wieder die gleiche Arbeitsstellung, z.B. den nächsten Zündzeitpunkt, erreicht. Um eine momentane Stellung eines Zylinders erfassen zu können, genügt es also nicht, die Winkelposition der Kurbelwelle innerhalb einer Volldrehung zu bestimmen. Zusätzlich muß erfaßt werden, ob sich die Maschine gerade in der ersten oder in der zweiten Hälfte des Arbeitsspiels, entsprechend der ersten oder zweiten Kurbelwellendrehung, befindet.In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the crankshaft sweeps through an angle of 720 ° per work cycle, i.e. performs two full rotations before a specific cylinder returns to the same working position, e.g. the next ignition point. In order to be able to record a current position of a cylinder, it is therefore not sufficient to determine the angular position of the crankshaft within one full rotation. In addition, it must be detected whether the machine is currently in the first or in the second half of the work cycle, corresponding to the first or second crankshaft rotation.
Dazu ist es bekannt, einen statischen Lagegeber vorzusehen, dessen periodisches Lagesignal aus zwei Teilsignalen, einem A-Signal und einem B-Signal, besteht, die sich abwechselnd über je eine volle Kurbelwellendrehung erstrecken. Ein Positionsgeber liefert zusätzlich ein Positionssignal mit einem Referenzimpuls je Umdrehung der Kurbelwelle, durch den eine bekannte Winkelposition, die Synchronisationsposition, bestimmt ist. Erst mit dem Erkennen des Referenzimpulses ist in Verbindung mit dem Lagesignal die Stellung der Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine genau bekannt und eine Synchronisation von elektrischen Steuerfunktionen - Zündung, Einspritzung, etc. - und den Zylinderstellungen möglich (Synchronisationszeitpunkt).For this purpose, it is known to provide a static position sensor, the periodic position signal of which consists of two partial signals, an A signal and a B signal, which alternately extend over a full crankshaft rotation. A position transmitter additionally delivers a position signal with a reference pulse per revolution of the crankshaft, by means of which a known angular position, the synchronization position, is determined. Only when the reference pulse is recognized, in conjunction with the position signal, is the position of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine known exactly, and a synchronization of electrical control functions - ignition, injection, etc. - and the cylinder positions is possible (synchronization time).
Nach dem Start der Brennkraftmaschine kann also im ungünstigsten Fall eine volle Kurbelwellendrehung vergehen, bis die Synchronisationsposition erstmals erreicht ist. Erst dann kann in die einzelnen Zylinder taktrichtig Kraftstoff eingespritzt werden.After starting the internal combustion engine, a full crankshaft rotation can, in the worst case, pass until the synchronization position is reached for the first time. Only then can fuel is injected into the individual cylinders at the correct timing.
Um eine Verlängerung der Startphase durch fehlende Einspritzung während der ersten Kurbelwellendrehung zu vermeiden, ist es bekannt, unmittelbar beim Start in alle Zylinder gleichzeitig Kraftstoff einzuspritzen - sogenannte Bankeinspritzung. Dies führt jedoch nach dem Synchronisationszeitpunkt und dem Übergang auf die normale Einspritzung je nach Stellung der Kurbelwelle beim Start zu einer doppelten Einspritzung in einige Zylinder. Außerdem wird bei mindestens einem Zylinder der Kraftstoff in das offene Einlaßventil eingespritzt, wodurch sich eine zusätzliche Erhöhung der Abgasemission ergibt.In order to avoid prolonging the starting phase due to a lack of injection during the first crankshaft rotation, it is known to inject fuel into all cylinders simultaneously at the start - so-called bank injection. However, this leads to a double injection into some cylinders after the time of synchronization and the transition to normal injection depending on the position of the crankshaft at the start. In addition, the fuel is injected into the open intake valve in at least one cylinder, which results in an additional increase in exhaust gas emission.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung liegt darin, das Verfahren gemäß Oberbegriff so zu verbessern, daß keine Startzeitverlängerung auftritt und die Nachteile der bekannten Bankeinspritzung vermieden werden.The object of the invention is to improve the method according to the preamble so that no start time extension occurs and the disadvantages of the known bank injection are avoided.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ist in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnet. Danach ist durch das erste Teilsignal des Lagegebers beim Start eine aktuelle (erste) Zylindergruppe bestimmt, die aus den Zylindern besteht, deren Einlaßventile während dieses ersten Teilsignals überwiegend geschlossen sind. Eine zweite Zylindergruppe besteht aus den Zylindern, deren Einlaßventile während des folgenden Teilsignales überwiegend geschlossen sind.The solution according to the invention is characterized in claim 1. Then the first partial signal of the position sensor at the start determines a current (first) cylinder group consisting of the cylinders whose inlet valves are mostly closed during this first partial signal. A second cylinder group consists of the cylinders, the inlet valves of which are mostly closed during the following partial signal.
Beim Start der Brennkraftmaschine wird in alle Zylinder der ersten Zylindergruppe gleichzeitig eine Vorabmenge eingespritzt. Damit ist ein Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in ein offenes Einlaßventil eines Zylinders weitgehend vermieden.When the internal combustion engine starts, a preliminary quantity is injected into all cylinders of the first cylinder group at the same time. This largely avoids injecting fuel into an open intake valve of a cylinder.
Nach dem ersten Signalwechsel des Lagesignals wird in alle Zylinder der zweiten Zylindergruppe die Vorabmenge gleichzeitig eingespritzt, sofern dieser Signalwechsel vor dem Synchronisationszeitpunkt liegt.After the first signal change of the position signal, the preliminary quantity is injected into all cylinders of the second cylinder group at the same time, provided that this signal change is before the synchronization time.
Der Zeitpunkt für diese Einspritzung kann unmittelbar nach dem Signalwechsel liegen, was den Vorteil hat, daß keine zusätzliche Rechenoperation nach Erfassen des Signalwechsels nötig ist. Damit ist, wie bei der ersten Zylindergruppe, ein Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in ein offenes Einlaßventil eines Zylinders weitgehend vermieden.The time for this injection can be immediately after the signal change, which has the advantage that no additional arithmetic operation is necessary after the signal change has been detected. As with the first cylinder group, this largely avoids injecting fuel into an open intake valve of a cylinder.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die Einspritzung in ein offenes Einlaßventil vollständig vermieden werden: Da die Winkelposition, an der das Lagesignal wechselt, bekannt ist, kann man für jede Brennkraftmaschine einen Winkel angeben, um den sich die Kurbelwelle weiterdrehen muß, bis keines der Einlaßventile der zweiten Zylindergruppe mehr geöffnet ist. Daß sich die Kurbelwelle um diesen Winkel weitergedreht hat, läßt sich aus dem Positionssignal des Positionsgebers bestimmen und danach die Einspritzung auslösen. Mit dieser Methode ist zwar ein geringer Mehraufwand an Rechnerleistung verbunden, jedoch auch eine weitere Absenkung der Abgasemissionen.According to an advantageous development of the invention, the injection into an open intake valve can be completely avoided: since the angular position at which the position signal changes is known, an angle can be specified for each internal combustion engine by which the crankshaft must continue to rotate until none of the Intake valves of the second cylinder group is more open. That the crankshaft has rotated further by this angle can be determined from the position signal from the position transmitter and then trigger the injection. Although this method involves a little extra computing power, it also means a further reduction in exhaust gas emissions.
Liegt dagegen der Synchronisationszeitpunkt vor dem Zeitpunkt des ersten Signalwechsels des Lagesignals, so wird bereits die Vorabmenge in die Zylinder der zweiten Zylindergruppe sequentiell gemäß der bekannten Normalfolge eingespritzt. Diese Vorabmenge ist gegenüber der Normalmenge, die nach der Startphase vom Rechner ermittelt wird, erhöht. Sie wird beim Start nur einmal je Zylinder eingespritzt und hat unter anderem die Aufgabe, den Wandfilm im Saugrohr aufzubauen. Deshalb wird in die zweite Zylindergruppe auch dann diese Vorabmenge eingespritzt, wenn die Synchronisation bereits erfolgt ist, dann allerdings in sequentieller Reihenfolge.If, on the other hand, the synchronization time is before the time of the first signal change of the position signal, the pre-quantity is already injected sequentially into the cylinders of the second cylinder group in accordance with the known normal sequence. This advance quantity is increased compared to the normal quantity, which is determined by the computer after the start phase. It is injected only once per cylinder at the start and has, among other things, the task of building up the wall film in the intake manifold. Therefore, this preliminary quantity is also injected into the second cylinder group if the synchronization has already taken place, but then in a sequential order.
Nachdem jeder Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine einmal die Vorabmenge erhalten hat, beginnt die bekannte sequentielle Einspritzung mit Normalmenge. Diese beginnt stets mit dem Zylinder, der bei - tatsächlicher oder gedachter - sequentieller Einspritzung in die Zylinder der zweiten Zylindergruppe gemäß Normalfolge nach dem letzten Zylinder dieser zweiten Zylindergruppe an der Reihe ist. Die Zählung der Zylinder der zweiten Zylindergruppe in Normalfolge beginnt dabei mit dem Zylinder, dessen Einspritzzeitpunkt bei Normalfolge von dem Beginn der Einspritzung in die zweite Zylindergruppe den geringsten Zeitabstand hat.After each cylinder of the internal combustion engine has received the preliminary quantity once, the known sequential injection begins with the normal quantity. This always begins with the cylinder which, according to normal sequence, follows the last cylinder of this second cylinder group in the case of - actual or imaginary - sequential injection into the cylinders of the second cylinder group Row is. The counting of the cylinders of the second cylinder group in the normal sequence begins with the cylinder whose injection time in the normal sequence has the smallest time interval from the start of the injection into the second cylinder group.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:
- Figur 1 ein Strukturbild der Steuerung einer Brennkraftmaschine und
Figuren 2 und 3 Einspritzimpulsdiagramme von vier Betriebsfällen einer Sechszylinder-Brennkraftmaschine.
- Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the control of an internal combustion engine and
- Figures 2 and 3 injection pulse diagrams of four operating cases of a six-cylinder internal combustion engine.
In Figur 1 ist einer Brennkraftmaschine BKM ein übliches Steuergerät M zugeordnet, das die Zündung und die Kraftstoffeinspritzung steuert. Als Lagegeber LG dient ein Nockenwellengeber NG in Verbindung mit einem Nockenwellenabtaster NA. Der Lagegeber erzeugt ein statisches Lagesignal, bestehend aus zwei Teilsignalen mit einem A-Signal (binäre "1") für eine erste Volldrehung der Kurbelwelle und einem B-Signal (binäre "0") für die nächste Volldrehung der Kurbelwelle. Die Lage dieser Teilsignale bezüglich der Stellungen der Zylinder ist frei wählbar. Im Ausführungsbeispiel liegt die Mitte jedes Teilsignales 84° vor dem oberen Totpunkt des Zylinders mit Nummer 1.In Figure 1, an internal control unit M is assigned to an internal combustion engine BKM, which controls the ignition and the fuel injection. A NG camshaft sensor in conjunction with a NA camshaft sensor is used as the position sensor LG. The position encoder generates a static position signal, consisting of two partial signals with an A signal (binary "1") for a first full rotation of the crankshaft and a B signal (binary "0") for the next full rotation of the crankshaft. The position of these partial signals with respect to the positions of the cylinders can be freely selected. In the exemplary embodiment, the center of each partial signal is 84 ° before the top dead center of the cylinder with number 1.
Als Positionsgeber PG dient ein Kurbelwellengeber KG mit einer Referenzmarke RM in Verbindung mit einem zugeordneten Kurbelwellenabtaster KA. Dieser liefert einen Referenzimpuls R je Umdrehung der Kurbelwelle, der eine Synchronisationsposition bestimmt. Die Abstiegsflanke dieses Referenzimpulses R liegt 84° vor jedem oberen Totpunkt des Zylinders 1. Der Signalwechsel des Lagegebers liegt jeweils in der Mitte zwischen zwei solchen Referenzimpulsen R. Dieser Abstand ist ein Erfahrungswert, für den sich bei einer ganz bestimmten Brennkraftmaschine eine besonders günstige Signalverarbeitung ergibt.A crankshaft encoder KG with a reference mark RM in conjunction with an assigned crankshaft scanner KA serves as the position encoder PG. This delivers a reference pulse R per revolution of the crankshaft, which determines a synchronization position. The falling edge of this reference pulse R is 84 ° before each top dead center of the cylinder 1. The signal change of the position sensor lies in the middle between two such reference pulses R. This distance is an empirical value for which a particularly favorable signal processing results in a very specific internal combustion engine .
In den Figuren 2 und 3 sind untereinander je zwei Betriebsfälle dargestellt, wobei die zeitlich versetzten Arbeitszyklen der Zylinder 1 bis 6 untereinander, horizontal von links nach rechts aufgetragen sind. Ihnen sind das Lagesignal, bestehend aus abwechselndem A- und B-Signal, das Positionssignal mit den Referenzimpulsen R sowie eine Winkelachse W und eine Zeitachse t zugeordnet.In Figures 2 and 3, two operating cases are shown one below the other, the staggered working cycles of the Cylinders 1 to 6 are drawn horizontally from left to right. They are assigned the position signal, consisting of alternating A and B signals, the position signal with the reference pulses R and an angular axis W and a time axis t.
Der Zylinder 1 beginnt jeweils bei 0° - ausgehend vom oberen Totpunkt - seinen Ansaugtakt. Dementsprechend bleibt das Einlaßventil für die nächsten 180° der Kurbelwellendrehung offen. Dieser Winkelbereich ist in den Figuren mit einem Rechteckbalken angedeutet. Der Zylinder 1 erreicht nach 360° wieder seinen oberen Totpunkt, in dessen Umgebung die Zündung erfolgt und der Arbeitstakt beginnt. Der Zündbereich ist jeweils durch ein schwarzes Rechteck angedeutet. Nach 720°-Kurbelwellendrehung ist schließlich ein Arbeitsspiel abgeschlossen und es beginnt wieder der Ansaugtakt.Cylinder 1 begins its intake stroke at 0 °, starting from top dead center. Accordingly, the intake valve remains open for the next 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation. This angular range is indicated in the figures with a rectangular bar. After 360 °, cylinder 1 again reaches its top dead center, in the vicinity of which the ignition takes place and the work cycle begins. The ignition area is indicated by a black rectangle. After 720 ° crankshaft rotation, a work cycle is finally completed and the intake stroke begins again.
Bei der hier zugrundegelegten Sechszylindermaschine sind die Arbeitsspiele für die Zylinder jeweils um 120° gegeneinander versetzt. Die einzelnen Zylinder sind in den Figuren gemäß ihrer Normalfolge beim Einspritzen und Zünden durchnummeriert und untereinander dargestellt.In the six-cylinder machine on which this is based, the working cycles for the cylinders are offset from one another by 120 °. The individual cylinders are numbered in the figures according to their normal sequence during injection and ignition and are shown one below the other.
Das Steuergerät erkennt den Start, wenn die Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine eine Drehzahlschwelle N erreicht hat, die z.B. bei 15 Umdrehungen pro Minute liegt; das ist in Figur 2 im Zeitpunkt t1 der Fall, der hier kurz nach dem Referenzimpuls R des Positionssignals liegt. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt liefert der Lagegeber A-Signal und dementsprechend besteht die zugehörige aktuelle Zylindergruppe (deren Einlaßventile überwiegend geschlossen sind) aus den Zylindern 1, 5 und 6. In diese wird sofort nach t1 die Vorabmenge eingespritzt, was in der Figur mit punktierten Quadraten angedeutet ist.The control unit recognizes the start when the speed of the internal combustion engine has reached a speed threshold N, e.g. is 15 revolutions per minute; this is the case in FIG. 2 at time t1, which is here shortly after the reference pulse R of the position signal. At this point in time, the position transmitter delivers an A signal and, accordingly, the associated current cylinder group (whose inlet valves are mostly closed) consists of
Sofort nach dem Wechsel des Lagesignals von A-Signal auf B-Signal wird in die zweite, dem B-Signal zugeordnete Zylindergruppe mit den Zylindern 2, 3 und 4 die Vorabmenge eingespritzt. Hierbei ist das Einlaßventil von Zylinder 4 noch kurzzeitig geöffnet.Immediately after the change of the position signal from the A signal to the B signal, the preliminary quantity is injected into the second cylinder group assigned to the B signal with
Eine Variante hierzu ist in Figur 2 gestrichelt eingezeichnet: Die Einspritzung in die zweite Zylindergruppe ist hier um einen Winkel von ungefähr 90° kW auf den Zeitpunkt t2 verschoben. Damit ist dann jede Einspritzung in ein offenes Einlaßventil vermieden. Der Zeitpunkt t2 wird dabei aus dem Positionssignal bestimmt.A variant of this is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2: The injection into the second cylinder group is shifted here by an angle of approximately 90 ° kW to the point in time t2. This then avoids any injection into an open intake valve. The time t2 is determined from the position signal.
Im Zeitpunkt t3 - Synchronisationszeitpunkt- wird dann der erste Referenzimpuls R nach Starterkennung - t1 - erkannt. Von da an wird die Normalmenge in bekannter Normalfolge sequentiell eingespritzt, was in den Figuren mit TI-Quadraten angedeutet ist. Zur Bestimmung des Zylinders, in den erstmals die Normalmenge eingespritzt wird, zählt man die Zylinder der zweiten Gruppe in Normalfolge ab Beginn der Einspritzung in die zweite Gruppe. Zur Veranschaulichung ist in den Fällen A und B der Figur 2 die Normalfolge der Zylinder der zweiten Gruppe gestrichelt als Kreis eingetragen. Aus der Darstellung folgt, daß Zylinder 4 der letzte Zylinder der zweiten Gruppe ist und somit die sequentielle Einspritzung mit Normalmenge mit dem Zylinder 5 beginnt.At time t3 - synchronization time - the first reference pulse R after starter detection - t1 - is then recognized. From then on, the normal quantity is injected sequentially in a known normal sequence, which is indicated in the figures with TI squares. To determine the cylinder into which the normal quantity is injected for the first time, the cylinders of the second group are counted in the normal sequence from the start of injection into the second group. For illustration purposes, in cases A and B of FIG. 2 the normal sequence of the cylinders of the second group is shown as a circle with a broken line. From the illustration it follows that
Im Fall B von Figur 2 ist angenommen, daß der Start zum Zeitpunkt t4 erkannt wird und sich dementsprechend der Einspritzmodus ändert. Der Lagegeber liefert zum Zeitpunkt t4 B-Signal, dem als aktuelle Zylindergruppe die Zylinder 2, 3 und 4 zugeordnet sind. Diese erhalten gleichzeitig die Vorabmenge. Nach dem Signalwechsel des Lagesignals auf A-Signal folgt dann die gleichzeitige Einspritzung der Vorabmenge in die Zylinder 1, 5 und 6 der zweiten Zylindergruppe. An die Normalfolge der Zylinder der zweiten Zylindergruppe - durch gestrichelte Kreise markiert - schließt sich dann die sequentielle Einspritzung mit Normalmenge an; diese beginnt also mit dem Zylinder 2.In case B of FIG. 2, it is assumed that the start is recognized at time t4 and the injection mode changes accordingly. At time t4, the position encoder supplies a B signal, to which
Beim Fall C in Figur 3 liegt der Zeitpunkt t1 der Starterkennung und der folgende Referenzimpuls R (Zeitpunkt t2) innerhalb desselben Lagesignals - A-Signal. Daher wird in die zugeordnete Zylindergruppe mit den Zylindern 1, 5 und 6 gleichzeitig die Vorabmenge eingespritzt (t1). In diesem Fall folgt jedoch der Synchronisationszeitpunkt t2 zeitlich vor dem Signalwechsel des Lagesignals. Die Zylinder 4, 2, 3 der nächsten Zylindergruppe erhalten dementsprechend schon die Vorabmenge sequentiell, und zwar beginnend mit dem Zylinder dieser Gruppe, der in der Normalfolge als erster nach t2 kommt - hier Zylinder 4. Nach dem Einspritzen der Vorabmenge in den letzten Zylinder - 3 - dieser Zylindergruppe wird die sequentielle Einspritzung mit Normalmenge - beginnend mit Zylinder 4 - fortgesetzt.In case C in FIG. 3, the time t1 of the starter identification and the following reference pulse R (time t2) lie within the same position signal - A signal. Therefore, the preliminary quantity is injected simultaneously into the assigned cylinder group with
Bei einem vierten Betriebsfall - D in Figur 3 - liegt der Zeitpunkt t3 der Starterkennung im Bereich des B-Signals, so daß die Zylinder 2, 3 und 4 der zugeordneten Zylindergruppe gleichzeitig die Vorabmenge erhalten. Der Referenzimpuls R folgt wieder vor dem nächsten Signalwechsel des Lagesignals, so daß die Zylinder 1, 5 und 6 der nächsten Zylindergruppe die Vorabmenge sequentiell erhalten. Mit Zylinder 1 beginnt dann die sequentielle Einspritzung mit Normalmenge.In a fourth operating case - D in FIG. 3 - the instant t3 of the start detection is in the range of the B signal, so that
Claims (3)
- mit einem statischen Lagegeber (LG), der ein periodisches Lagesignal mit zwei unterschiedlichen Teilsignalen, A-Signal und B-Signal, liefert, die sich jeweils über eine volle Kurbelwellendrehung erstrecken und denen eine erste bzw. zweite Zylindergruppe zugeordnet ist, sodaß durch das jeweils vorhandene Teilsignal eine aktuelle Zylindergruppe bestimmt ist,
- mit einem Positionsgeber (PG), der ein Positionssignal mit einem Referenzimpuls (R) je Umdrehung der Kurbelwelle liefert,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
- daß jede Zylindergruppe diejenigen Zylinder umfaßt, deren Einlaßventile während des zugeordneten Teilsignals des Lagegebers (LG) überwiegend geschlossen sind,
- daß nach der Starterkennung in jeden Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine nur ein einziges Mal die Vorabmenge eingespritzt wird und zwar
-- einerseits - ausgelöst durch die Starterkennung - gleichzeitig in alle Zylinder der aktuellen Zylindergruppe und
-- andererseits in die Zylinder der zweiten Zylindergruppe
--- entweder gleichzeitig, ausgelöst durch den Wechsel des Lagesignals, wenn dieses vor dem ersten Referenzimpuls (R) auftritt,
--- oder sequentiell in Normalfolge, ausgelöst durch den Referenzimpuls, wenn dieser vor dem Wechsel des Lagesignals liegt,
- und daß die sequentielle Einspritzung der Normalmenge mit dem Zylinder beginnt, der auf den letzten Zylinder der zweiten Zylindergruppe folgt, wobei dieser durch Zählung der Zy linder in Normalfolge vom Beginn der Einspritzung in die Zylinder der zweiten Zylindergruppe ermittelt wird. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß bei gleichzeitiger Einspritzung in die zweite Zylindergruppe die Vorabmenge unmittelbar nach dem Wechsel des Lagesignals eingespritzt wird.1. Method for injecting fuel into the cylinders of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, in which after a start phase a normal quantity determined by a control unit (11) is sequentially injected into the cylinders in normal sequence and in which an increased quantity of fuel, preliminary quantity, is injected during the start phase,
- With a static position transmitter (LG), which provides a periodic position signal with two different partial signals, A signal and B signal, each of which extends over a full crankshaft rotation and to which a first or second cylinder group is assigned, so that by the a current cylinder group is determined for each partial signal present,
- with a position transmitter (PG) which delivers a position signal with a reference pulse (R) per revolution of the crankshaft,
characterized,
that each cylinder group comprises those cylinders whose inlet valves are predominantly closed during the assigned partial signal from the position sensor (LG),
- That after the starter detection in each cylinder of the internal combustion engine, the pre-quantity is injected only once
- on the one hand - triggered by the starter detection - simultaneously in all cylinders of the current cylinder group and
- on the other hand into the cylinders of the second cylinder group
--- either simultaneously, triggered by the change of the position signal if this occurs before the first reference pulse (R),
--- or sequentially in normal sequence, triggered by the reference pulse if this is before the change of the position signal,
- And that the sequential injection of the normal quantity begins with the cylinder that follows the last cylinder of the second cylinder group, this by counting the Zy linder is determined in normal sequence from the start of injection into the cylinders of the second cylinder group. 2. The method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that with simultaneous injection into the second cylinder group, the preliminary quantity is injected immediately after the change of the position signal.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß bei gleichzeitiger Einspritzung in die zweite Zylindergruppe die Vorabmenge zu einem Zeitpunkt eingespritzt wird, der um einen solchen Winkel nach dem Wechsel des Lagesignals liegt, daß keines der Einlaßventile der zweiten Zylindergruppe geöffnet ist.3. The method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that with simultaneous injection into the second cylinder group, the preliminary quantity is injected at a point in time which lies at such an angle after the change of the position signal that none of the inlet valves of the second cylinder group is open.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Winkel aus dem Positionssignal bestimmt wird.4. The method according to claim 3,
characterized,
that the angle is determined from the position signal.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP88119832A EP0371158B1 (en) | 1988-11-28 | 1988-11-28 | Method for fuel injection in an engine |
DE8888119832T DE3864829D1 (en) | 1988-11-28 | 1988-11-28 | METHOD FOR INJECTING FUEL INTO AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. |
ES88119832T ES2024616B3 (en) | 1988-11-28 | 1988-11-28 | PROCEDURE FOR INJECTING FUEL IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION MACHINE |
US07/431,199 US4998522A (en) | 1988-11-28 | 1989-11-03 | Method for injecting fuel into an internal-combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP88119832A EP0371158B1 (en) | 1988-11-28 | 1988-11-28 | Method for fuel injection in an engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0371158A1 true EP0371158A1 (en) | 1990-06-06 |
EP0371158B1 EP0371158B1 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
Family
ID=8199608
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88119832A Expired - Lifetime EP0371158B1 (en) | 1988-11-28 | 1988-11-28 | Method for fuel injection in an engine |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4998522A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0371158B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3864829D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2024616B3 (en) |
Cited By (12)
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WO1993012333A1 (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1993-06-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | TRANSMITTER ARRANGEMENT FOR CYLINDER RECOGNITION IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH n CYLINDERS |
DE4303422A1 (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1993-08-12 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | |
FR2701515A1 (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-19 | Solex | Injection control method for multi-point spark ignition engine |
WO1994023192A1 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensor arrangement for rapid cylinder identification in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine |
EP0638717A2 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus for controlling the fuel injection and the ignition of a combustion engine |
EP0640762A1 (en) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Cylinder synchronization of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine via detection of a directed misfire |
WO2002040848A1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for injecting fuel during the start phase of an internal combustion engine |
WO2002040847A2 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for injecting fuel during the starting phase of an internal combustion engine |
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FR2932225A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-11 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Four stroke indirect-injection spark-ignition engine i.e. petrol engine, starting method for automobile, involves carrying out conditional fuel injection at most once in each of cylinders before ignition of charge in respective cylinder |
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CN115355096B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2023-11-28 | 中车大连机车车辆有限公司 | Quick start synchronous control method for engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4998522A (en) | 1991-03-12 |
EP0371158B1 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
ES2024616B3 (en) | 1992-03-01 |
DE3864829D1 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
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