Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
  • D21F3/02—Wet presses
  • D21F3/0281—Wet presses in combination with a dryer roll
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
  • D21F7/06—Indicating or regulating the thickness of the layer; Signal devices

Definitions

• the invention concerns an arrangement in a part of a paper machine in which the surface properties of a roll and/or rolls are affected by regulating the temperature of the roll face by means of an external heating device.
• the invention further concerns the use of the arrangement in accordance with the invention.
• a number of different requirements are imposed on the rolls and roll faces in different parts of a paper machine, such as, for example, properties of durability, adhesion, transfer, and detaching.
• granite As a press roll material, granite has relatively good properties of adhesion, transfer and detaching of the web, which is at least one of the reasons for its popularity.
• the properties of detaching would, however, require further improvement, in particular in the case of unbleached paper qualities.
• the web is detached by pulling it freely, without support, off the face of said centre roll in the press.
• This free draw is quite critical in view of the operation of the paper machine.
• a difference in speed is used which extends the web, resulting in certain drawbacks.
• said free draw forms a problematic point susceptible to breaks in the paper machine.
• the detaching was always carried out mechanically by pulling, and the heating took place in the roll body, whereby the whole roll was hot. Thereby the roll is worn and the intervals between grindings become short.
• EP-A-0 337 973 discloses a method and a device in a machine for the manufacture of paper or board for heating the outer face of such a cylinder or roll as is in direct contact with the web to be pressed against said roll face.
• the cylinder or roll face is heated from outside inductively by using a magnetic field, by means of which a heating effect based on eddy currents is produced in the outer layer of the roll.
• a relatively thin outer layer of an electrically conductive ceramic material is used, in which the resistive heating effect is concentrated.
• the depth of penetration of the heating effect in the radial direction of the roll to be heated is restricted to a sufficiently low depth by means of the choice of the thickness of the ceramic outer layer and/or of the electric frequency of the induction heating.
• the ceramic material of the outer layer is chosen so that the cylinder or roll face is given the necessary properties of strength, also in view of the thermal shock of the heating effect.
• GB-A-2 169 381 discloses a synthetic press roll to be used in a paper machine, the surface layer of the cylinder mantle of the press roll being composed of a mixture of a metal powder and a powder of an inorganic material.
• the metal component may be copper, bronze, stainless steel, nickel, chromium and/or a titanium alloy
• the inorganic powder consists of quartz, feldspar, Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, SiC, MgO, Si3N4, Cr2O3, WC, NbC, VC, Cr7C3, or of a corresponding ceramic material or of mixtures of same.
• the roll face is produced by thermal spraying, casting, by winding a sintered and/or rolled band around the cylinder, or by using a flexible mat in which the desired mix is bound by means of PTFE and in which the pre-coating is fixed by melting by means of induction or laser heating.
• the press roll provides means by which the detaching of the paper web from the roll face is controlled and the resistance of the roll to variations in temperature and to mechanical strains is improved.
• the method in accordance with the application FI 870308 is characterized in that in the method the temperature of the face of said smooth-faced press roll is regulated and that, by means of said regulation, the adhesion between said roll face and the paper web to be detached is affected and, thereby, the detaching angle and/or the detaching tension of the paper web is/are set within an optimal range.
• the device in accordance with the invention described in said application is mainly characterized in that in connection with said smooth-faced press roll heating devices are provided, by means of which the temperature of the smooth face of said press roll and thereby the detaching of the web from said roll face are affected.
• the invention of the FI application 870308 (EP-B-0 276 203) is based on the observation that the temperature at the interface between the paper web and the smooth roll face from which the web is to be detached affects the dry solids content of the web, the surface energies of the materials in contact, and the viscosity of water, which parameters again affect the adhesion between the paper web and the water contained therein, on one hand, and the smooth roll face, on the other hand.
• the temperature of the smooth face of the roll when running different paper qualities and with different running speeds of the paper machine, it is possible to adjust the temperature of the smooth face of the roll to a certain set value, which provides an optimal detaching of the web and an optimal running quality with the web quality and machine speed that are used at each particular time.
• the central roll of the press or any other corresponding smooth-faced roll from which the paper web is supposed to be detached is a substantially metal-mantle roll coated with a metal, with a ceramic material, or with mixtures of same, a cast-iron roll, or an uncoated metal roll, which are arranged to be heated by means of adjustable heating devices.
• the heating may take place from inside and/or from outside the roll at least partly by means of techniques known in prior art.
• FI 870308 is by no means restricted to be used for the detaching of the web from the central roll of closed press sections of paper machines alone, but the invention is suited and intended for controlling the detaching of the web from a smooth-faced roll in a press in general, i.e. also from a roll other than a central roll.
• the object of the present invention is further development of the solutions in accordance with said FI applications 870308 (corresponding to EP-B-0 276 203) and 870309 (corresponding to EP-B-0 276 202) by coming even closer to the objectives of said applications, which were, among other things, better control of the detaching of the paper web from the smooth face of the centre roll in the press as well as to provide such a system for the regulation of the detaching of the web.
• An object of the present invention is further expansion of the field of application of the invention so that in each application of use the detaching tension of the web can be set optimally irrespective of the dry solids content of the paper web, of the surface energy of the material, and of the running speed of the paper machine.
• An object of the present invention is additionally to expand the field of application of the invention so that the invention can also be used for modification of other surface properties besides the properties of detaching.
• the dark surface of the surface material absorbs the light coming from the heating device efficiently and so that the roll face is heated but the paper not.
• the coating material is chosen so that it acts as a thermal insulation, whereby the rest of the roll is not heated and heating power is not wasted.
• Said external heating device is advantageously a short-wave infrared heater or a laser heater which is capable of heating the coating. It is an advantage of infrared heating that the face can also be heated through the paper. Only a thin surface layer of the roll has to be heated, while the rest of the roll remains at the temperature of the environment. Embodiments of heaters are described in the applicant's earlier patent applications FI-870308 (EP-B-0 276 203) and FI-870309 (EP-B-0 276 202).
• the function of the coating would be to apply a thermal shock to the paper.
• the thermal shock can be utilized, e.g., for drying the paper or for detaching the paper from the roll.
• Properties of the coating include dark face, good capacity of thermal insulation, good resistance to heat, good resistance to thermal shock, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high heat capacity, good wear resistance, and/or good resistance to corrosion.
• One coating of this type is, e.g., chromia-silica composite, which has been prepared by means of thermal spraying. It is an advantage of this material that it is dark, corrosion-proof, and wear-resistant, for which reason one objective of the invention is to apply said material to various objects of use, such as, e.g., to a calender.
• the final coating material in detail is chosen in accordance with the above desired ultimate additional properties.
• the coating may be, e.g., a ceramic or a ceramic composite or a mixture of a ceramic and a metal.
• advantageously materials based on alumina (Al2O3) or chromia (Cr2O3) are used.
• advantageously materials based on zirconia (ZrO2) are chosen.
• advantageously materials based on titania (TiO2) are used.
• Coating materials can be used alone or in layers depending on the objects of use, e.g., so as to provide a suitable resistance to thermal shocks or a capacity of thermal insulation.
• One object of use in accordance with the invention is in a calender roll, wherein the heating effect of the heating device penetrates through the paper, whereby the hot roll face modifies the surface properties of the paper.
• Suitable coating materials are, e.g., Cr2O3, Al2O3, TiO2. If desired, zirconia or equivalent may be used as a thermal insulation underneath a thin ceramic mantle.
• the invention may also be employed to detach the paper from the web by heating (by affecting the viscosity of the medium) or by vaporizing the interface, e.g. by vaporizing the water, in the case of a press roll, or the coating agent, in the case of a guide roll in a coating device.
• the arrangement can be used in a guide roll in a separate sizing cylinder to facilitate the scraping by means of a doctor, in which case the hot roll face vaporizes some of the size layer and detaches the paper from the roll.
• Coating materials suitable for this purpose include, e.g., Cr2O3.
• An object of application may also be a pick-up roll wherein there is a felt between the paper and the roll.
• the thickness of the coating may be, e.g., 10 »m to 10 mm, most appropriately about 50 »m to 150 »m.
• a metal as an alloying agent, the ratio being, for example, 1 to 10...30 (metal to ceramic).
• a coating might be a surface layer of WC 86 Co 20 Cr4 isolated from the roll body by a layer of Zr2O3.
• the various objects of application of the invention are briefly detaching of paper from a roll by heating (by acting upon viscosity) or by vaporizing the interface, heating of the paper, and/or modifying the surface properties of the paper by heating.
• a short-wave radiation is suitable, the wavelength being, e.g., 1 »m when the radiation is supposed to penetrate through the web (infrared heater); when the roll face is heated directly, a radiation of longer wavelength is suitable (infrared heater 1...5 »m, CO2-laser 10.6 »m).
• the requirement of power depends on the web length, web thickness, web moisture, and on the filler material.
• examples will be given on materials suitable for use in the invention. Examples of surface material compositions based on different oxides. Constituents Ex. 1 (White Alumina) Ex. 2 (Gray Alumina) Ex. 3 (Alumina Titania) Ex. 4 (Zirconia) Ex. 5 (Yttria-stabilizing Zirconia) Ex.

Landscapes

• Paper (AREA)
• Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
• Confectionery (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=8527393

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (6)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1988
  • 1988-11-15 FI FI885283A patent/FI85395C/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1989
  • 1989-11-07 EP EP89850385A patent/EP0369968B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-11-07 DE DE68923064T patent/DE68923064T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-11-07 AT AT89850385T patent/ATE123828T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1989-11-14 CA CA002002929A patent/CA2002929C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-11-15 CN CN89108734.6A patent/CN1042745A/zh active Pending

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